EP4642822A1 - Charge balanced polymers for industrial water applications - Google Patents

Abstract

Compositions comprising a charge balanced polymer are disclosed. The composition comprises the compound of the formula (I): wherein E is the repeat unit remaining after polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated compound; R1 is H or lower (C1-C4) alkyl; G is —CH2— or —CHCH3—; R2 is –(CH2-CH2-O)n- or –(CH2—CH2—O)n or –(CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is SO3 or -O-; Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; F is a repeat unit of the formula (II) wherein R4 is H or lower (C1-C4) alkyl, R5 is hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a monomer comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups selected from the group consisting of PEG-OH and others having 1 to 10 repeats; wherein c and d are positive integers; and e is a non-negative integer.

Description

PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) CHARGE BALANCED POLYMERS FOR INDUSTRIAL WATER APPLICATIONS CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63/435,536, filed on December 27, 2022, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. FIELD [0002] The disclosed technology relates to polymeric compositions which are useful as deposit control and corrosion inhibition agents in water treatment processes. More specifically, the disclosed technology relates to charge balanced copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers that incorporate monomers comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups. BACKGROUND [0003] The problems of corrosion and scale formation and the attendant effects have troubled industrial water systems for years. For instance, scale tends to accumulate on internal walls of various water systems, such as boiler and cooling systems, and thereby materially lessen the operational efficiency of the system. [0004] Deposits in lines, heat exchange equipment, etc., may originate from several causes. For example, precipitation of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate and calcium phosphate in the water system leads to an accumulation of these scale-imparting compounds along or around the metals' surfaces which contact the flowing water circulating through the system. In this manner, heat transfer functions of the particular system are severely impeded. [0005] Corrosion, on the other hand, is a degradative electrochemical reaction of a metal with its environment. Simply stated, it is the reversion of refined metals to their natural state. For example, iron ore is iron oxide. Iron ore is refined into steel. When steel corrodes, it forms iron oxide which, if unattended, may result in failure or destruction of the metal, causing the particular water system to shut down until the necessary repairs can be made. PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [0006] Typically, in cooling water systems, the formation of calcium sulfate, calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate, among others, has proven deleterious to the overall efficiency of the cooling water system. Additionally, due to the popularity of cooling treatments using high levels of orthophosphate to promote passivation of the metal surfaces in contact with the system water, it has become critically important to control calcium phosphate crystallization so that relatively high levels of orthophosphate may be maintained in the system to achieve the desired passivation without resulting in fouling or impeded heat transfer functions which would normally be caused by calcium phosphate deposition. [0007] Silica (SiO₂) is present in most natural waters. When these waters are cycled in a cooling tower, the silica level increases and often a level is reached where precipitation of a silica species occurs. Sometimes the precipitation proceeds by the polymerization of silica itself, resulting in a silica gel. For this to occur, a relatively high SiO2 concentration is required, usually greater than approximately 200 ppm. However, when certain cations are present, silica species can precipitate at much lower concentrations. Cations that promote silica precipitation include, but are not limited to, Al³⁺, Mg²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Fe³⁺. Aluminum is very insoluble in water and readily precipitates under cooling water conditions. When aluminum gets into a cooling system (such as by carryover) it can cause serious precipitation problems. One such problem is the precipitation of phosphate species which may be present as a corrosion inhibitor. Such precipitates can be problematic due to both deposition and corrosion effects. [0008] Traditional treatment programs involve the use of various dispersants, and salt and corrosion inhibitors to prevent corrosion and scale formation. A large number of actives and/or blends are often required leading to complex feed and control strategies. Industrial polymers typically utilized as salt and corrosion inhibitors in these treatment programs include anionic vinyl monomers (acrylic acid, maleic acid, etc.). When the anionic charge of these monomers is that of a weak acid, such as carboxylic acid, the monomers chelate and are active towards cationic metals in the industrial water. The use of sulfonic acid groups imparts dispersion and calcium phosphate inhibition properties and reduced activity toward calcite. To date, there are few examples of polymers or single molecules that are active towards inhibiting and dispersing metal silicates. PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [0009] Moreover, fully charged industrial polymers typically focus on inhibiting one salt or inhibition and dispersion of one salt. This requires multiple actives to be fed in these industrial water applications to handle multiple salts and other conditions. Often operating conditions are designed to navigate around the super saturation of salts, in particular, metal silicates. Fully charged polymers often have limited corrosion properties and additional actives (phosphate, phosphonates, and/or metal salts) need to be fed separately. Often all these actives are not compatible in a concentrated formulation, leading to the need for multiple feed sources. More versatile industrial polymers are needed. SUMMARY [0010] The disclosed technology provides for charge balanced copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers that incorporate monomers comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups. [0011] Various aspects of the disclosure relate to a composition comprising a charge balanced polymer of Formula I: Formula I polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated compound; R1 is H or lower (C1-C4) alkyl; G is —CH2— or — CHCH₃—; R2 is –(CH₂—CH₂—O)_n or –(CH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂)_n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is SO3 or -O-; Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; F is a repeat unit of Formula II Formula II PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) R4 * CH₂ C * [0014] wherein R4 is H R5 is hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene having from 1 to 6 comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups selected from the group consisting of PEG-OH and others having 1 to 10 repeats; wherein c and d are positive integers; and e is a non-negative integer. [0015] In various aspects, the ethylenically unsaturated compound is one or more of a carboxylic acid or a sulfonic acid. [0016] In various aspects, the composition may further comprise a polymer of Formula III: Formula III a water soluble cationic moiety; and c, d and e are positive integers. [0018] Various aspects of the disclosure additionally relate to a method of preventing corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale imparting species on surfaces exposed to an aqueous system comprising adding to said aqueous system an effective amount of a charge balanced polymer comprising ethylenically unsaturated monomers and monomers comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups. [0019] In various aspects of the disclosed method, the method comprises adding to the aqueous system an effective amount of a charge balanced polymer of Formula I PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) Formula I repeat remaining after polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated compound; R1 is H or lower (C₁-C₄) alkyl; G is —CH₂— or — CHCH3—; R2 is –(CH2-CH2-O)n- or –(CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is SO₃ or -O-; Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; F is a repeat unit of Formula II Formula II R4 * or R5 is hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a monomer comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups selected from the group consisting of PEG-OH and others having 1 to 10 repeats; wherein c and d are positive integers; and e is a non-negative integer. [0022] In various aspects of the disclosed method, the ethylenically unsaturated compound is one or more of a carboxylic acid or a sulfonic acid. [0023] In various aspects of the disclosed method, the method further comprises adding an effective amount of a polymer of Formula III: Formula III PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) a water soluble cationic [0025] In various aspects of the disclosed method, the charge balanced polymer is added in combination with at least one or more topping agents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES [0026] Those of skill in the art will understand that the figures, described below, are for illustrative purposes only. The figures are not intended to limit the scope of the present teachings in any way. [0027] FIG. 1 illustrates the maximum calcite saturation for an embodiment of the charge balanced polymer of the disclosure, as compared to a polymaleic acid (PMA) or polyacrylic acid (PAA) polymer used alone. [0028] FIG. 2A illustrates calcite dispersion on a low temperature (low T) surface after treatment with a charged -SO₃ copolymer. [0029] FIG. 2B illustrates calcite dispersion on a low T surface after treatment with a polymaleic acid copolymer. [0030] FIGS. 2C and 2D illustrate calcite dispersion on a hot surface and a low T surface, respectively, after treatment with embodiments of the charge balanced polymer of the disclosure. [0031] FIG. 3 illustrates maximum MgSiO3 saturation in a water sample treated with embodiments of the charge balanced polymer of the disclosure. [0032] FIG.4A illustrates the corrosion control properties of an embodiment of the charge balanced polymer of the disclosure. [0033] FIG. 4B illustrates the corrosion control properties of a control program including a PMA copolymer and aluminum. PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [0034] FIG. 5 illustrates the corrosion control properties of an embodiment of the charge balanced polymer of the disclosure. [0035] FIG. 6A illustrates calcite dispersion on a low T surface after treatment with a charged -SO₃ copolymer. [0036] FIG. 6B illustrates calcite dispersion on a low T surface after treatment with a polymaleic acid copolymer. [0037] FIGS. 6C-6E illustrate calcite dispersion on hot and low T surfaces after treatment with embodiments of the charge balanced polymer of the disclosure. [0038] FIGS. 7A-7B illustrate the corrosion control properties of an embodiment of the charge balanced polymer of the disclosure on an low-carbon steel (LCS) surface. [0039] FIG.7C illustrates the corrosion control properties of an embodiment of the charge balanced polymer of the disclosure on an admiralty brass (ADM) surface. [0040] FIGS. 8A-8C illustrate the corrosion control properties of an embodiment of the charge balanced polymer of the disclosure on an LCS surface. [0041] FIG.8D illustrates the corrosion control properties of an embodiment of the charge balanced polymer of the disclosure on an ADM surface. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [0042] Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term or terms, such as “about”, is not limited to the precise value specified. In at least some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Range limitations may be combined and/or interchanged, and such ranges are identified and include all the sub-ranges stated herein unless context or language indicates otherwise. Other than in the operating examples or where otherwise indicated, all numbers or expressions referring to quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, monomer ratios, polymer molecular weights (Mws), and the like, used in the specification and the claims, are to be understood as modified in all instances by the term “about”. [0043] “Optional” or “optionally” means that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, or that the subsequently identified material may or PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) may not be present, and that the description includes instances where the event or circumstance occurs or where the material is present, and instances where the event or circumstance does not occur or the material is not present. [0044] As used herein, the terms “comprises”, “comprising”, “includes”, “including”, “has”, “having”, or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non- exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements, but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. [0045] The singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. [0046] The disclosed technology provides for compositions comprising charge balanced copolymers of ethylenically unsaturated monomers that incorporate monomers comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups, and methods of use thereof. [0047] The compositions disclosed herein have been found to exhibit versatile properties not seen in conventional fully charged polymers. By incorporating monomers featuring non-ionic hydroxyl groups, the overall charge of a polymer backbone, e.g., acrylic acid, is decreased versus the anionic analog. Without being bound by theory, by reducing the charge on the polymer backbone, the polymer may be better able to rearrange itself to interact with various salt surfaces. As the carboxylic acid groups coordinate with metal cations, the hydroxyl groups provide solvation. Alternatively, they may better stabilize a hydrophobic chelation core versus the homo polymer featuring only anionic carboxylic acid groups. The addition of hydroxyl groups may further allow for interaction with salt colloids, which may facilitate interaction with silicate and metal oxides (suspended solids). [0048] In various aspects, the resulting charge balanced polymer may exhibit improved properties in at least one or more of calcite inhibition and dispersion, metal silicate inhibition and dispersion, calcium and metal phosphate tolerance, metal fluoride, metal sulfate, mixture of metal salt colloids, clay and iron dispersion, and metal corrosion properties. Furthermore, these charge balanced polymers may be further formulated with a wide range of actives, including, but not limited to, salt inhibitors, microbiological (MB) control agents, and metal salt inhibitors (zinc, aluminum, tin, iron, manganese, molybdenum, lanthanide and actinide metals, silicate, etc). PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [0049] As used herein, the term “an effective amount” refers to any amount of a charge balanced polymer of the disclosure that is effective in inhibiting and/or preventing corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale imparting species in an industrial water system. [0050] As used herein, the term “Mw” refers to the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of a polymer. It should be understood that a polymer comprises a wide range of Mw values and can be characterized by other accepted Mw analysis. It should further be understood that Mw values can vary due to reaction conditions and the use and amount of a chain transfer agent. [0051] In various aspects of the disclosed technology, a composition comprising a charge balanced polymer comprising an ethylenically unsaturated compound and a monomer comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups is disclosed. In various aspects, suitable monomers comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups include, but are not limited to, allyloxy monomers, such as 3-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol, ethylene glycol vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monoallyl ether, allyl-poly(ethylene glycol), 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether, 2-allyloxy ethanol, diethylene glycol vinyl ether, 7-octene-1,2-diol, 3,4-dihydroxy-1-butene, trimethylolpropane allyl ether, allyl PEG-OH monomers featuring any number of PEG repeat units, including 2-allyloxyethanol and the like, protected alcohols such as those used in polyvinyl alcohol synthesis, and alcoholic esters with vinyl carboxylic acid monomers, including hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, and the like. [0052] In various aspects, the composition may include charge balanced copolymers or terpolymers having the structure of Formula I: Formula I remaining after polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated compound; R1 is H or lower (C₁-C₄) alkyl; G is —CH₂— or — CHCH3—; R2 is –(CH2-CH2-O)n- or –(CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) 1 to 100, or about 1 to 20; X is selected from SO3 or -O-; Z is H or any water soluble cationic moiety which counterbalances the valence of the anionic radical X, including, but not limited to Na, K, Ca, or NH4; F, when present, is a repeat unit of Formula II: Formula II R4 * . Formula I. R4 is H or lower (C1- C4) alkyl, R5 is hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a monomer comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups selected from the group consisting of PEG-OH and others having 1 to 10 repeats. [0055] With respect to E of Formula I, it may comprise the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of a carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, or amide form thereof or mixtures thereof. Exemplary compounds include, but are not limited to the repeat unit remaining after polymerization of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, maleic acid or anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, isopropenyl phosphonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, vinylidene di-phosphonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and the like and mixtures thereof. In some aspects, water-soluble salt forms of these acids may be used. In some aspects, more than one type of monomer unit E may be present in the polymer of the disclosure. [0056] In various aspects, subscripts c, d, and e in Formula I are the molar ratio of the monomer repeating unit. In some aspects, subscripts c and d are positive integers while subscript e is a non-negative integer. In some aspects, c and d are integers of 1 or more while e can be 0, 1, 2 ... etc. [0057] In some aspects, the composition of the disclosure may include a charge balanced polymer having the structure of Formula Ia: PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) Formula Ia R1 * CH₂ CH * * CH₂ C * [0058] wherein R1 is H or lower (C1-C4) alkyl; G is —CH2—; R2 is –(CH2-CH2- O)_n- or –(CH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂)_n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is -O-; and Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; wherein c and d are positive integers. [0059] In various aspects, the molar ratio c:d ranges from 30:1 to 1:20, or from about 15:1 to 1:10, or from 5:1 to 1:5, or from 5:1 to 1:1 or from 3:1 to 1:1. [0060] In other aspects, the composition of the disclosure may include a charge balanced polymer having the structure of Formula Ib: Formula Ib is –(CH₂-CH₂- O)n- or –(CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is SO3; and Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; wherein c, d and e are positive integers. [0062] In various aspects, the mole ratio of c:d:e may range from about 300:10:1 to 1:1:300. PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [0063] In various aspects, the composition may further comprise a polymer of Formula III: Formula III cationic [0065] In various aspects, the polymerization of the copolymer and/or terpolymer of the present disclosure may proceed in accordance with solution, emulsion, micelle or dispersion polymerization techniques. In various aspects, synthesis of the polymers may be conducted in aqueous or non-aqueous mediums, including organic solvent mediums. Conventional polymerization initiators such as persulfates, peroxides, and azo type initiators may be used. Polymerization may also be initiated by radiation or ultraviolet mechanisms. Chain transfer agents such as sodium hypophosphite, sodium metabisulfite, or sodium bisulfite; alcohols, including isopropanol or allyl alcohol; amines or mercapto compounds may be used to regulate the molecular weight of the polymer. Branching agents such as methylene bisacrylamide, or polyethylene glycol diacrylate and other multifunctional crosslinking agents may be added. The resulting polymer may be isolated by precipitation or other well-known techniques. If polymerization is in an aqueous solution, the polymer may simply be used in the aqueous solution form. [0066] In various aspects, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the charge balanced copolymer of Formula I may fall within the range of about 1,000 to about 1,000,000; or about 1,000; 2,000; 2,500; 3,000; 3,500; 4,000; 4,500; 5,000; 5,500; 6,000; 6,500; 7,000; 7,500; 8,000; 8,500; 9,000; 9,500; 10,000; 11,000; 12,000; 13,000; 14,0000; 15,000; 16,000; 17,000; 18,000; 19,000; 20,000; 30,000; 40,000; 50,000; 60,000; 70,000; 80,000; 90,000 or 1,000,000, or from about 1,000 to about 50,000, or from about 1,500 to PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) about 25,000, or from about 2,000 to about 20,000, or from about 2,500 to about 14,000, or from about 5,000 to about 14,000, or from about 5,000 to about 10,000, or from about 8,000 to 17,000, or from about 16,000 to 17,000, or any molecular weight that falls between any of these values. [0067] In various aspects, the charge balanced polymers of the disclosed technology may be used in a method of preventing corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale imparting species on surfaces exposed to an aqueous system. In various aspects, the method may include adding to the aqueous system an effective amount of a charge balanced polymer comprising an ethylenically unsaturated compound and a monomer comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups. In various aspects, suitable monomers comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups include, but are not limited to, allyloxy monomers, such as 3-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol, ethylene glycol vinyl ether, diethylene glycol monoallyl ether, allyl-poly(ethylene glycol), 1,4-butanediol vinyl ether, 2-allyloxy ethanol, diethylene glycol vinyl ether, 7-octene-1,2-diol, 3,4-dihydroxy-1-butene, trimethylolpropane allyl ether, allyl PEG-OH monomers featuring any number of PEG repeat units, including 2-allyloxyethanol and the like, protected alcohols such as those used in polyvinyl alcohol synthesis, and alcoholic esters with vinyl carboxylic acid monomers, including hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, and the like. [0068] In various aspects, the methods may include adding to the aqueous system a charge balanced polymer comprising an ethylenically unsaturated compound and a monomer comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups. In various aspects, the method may include adding charge balanced copolymers or terpolymers having the structure of Formula I: Formula I PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [0069] wherein E is the repeat unit remaining after polymerization of an ethylenically unsaturated compound; R1 is H or lower (C1-C4) alkyl; G is —CH2— or — CHCH3—; R2 is –(CH2-CH2-O)n- or –(CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about 1 to 100, or about 1 to 20; X is selected from SO₃ or -O-; Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; F, when present, is a repeat unit of Formula II: Formula II . [0070] In Formula II, X are same as I. R4 is H or lower (C₁- C4) alkyl, R5 is hydroxy substituted alkyl or alkylene having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a monomer comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups selected from the group consisting of PEG-OH and others having 1 to 10 repeats. [0071] With respect to E of Formula I, it may comprise the repeat unit obtained after polymerization of a carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid, or amide form thereof or mixtures thereof. Exemplary compounds include, but are not limited to the repeat unit remaining after polymerization of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, N-isopropylacrylamide, maleic acid or anhydride, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, isopropenyl phosphonic acid, vinyl phosphonic acid, vinylidene di-phosphonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and the like and mixtures thereof. In some aspects, water-soluble salt forms of these acids may be used. In some aspects, more than one type of monomer unit E may be present in the polymer of the disclosure. [0072] In various aspects, subscripts c, d, and e in Formula I are the molar ratio of the monomer repeating unit. In some aspects, subscripts c and d are positive integers while subscript e is a non-negative integer. In some aspects, c and d are integers of 1 or more while e can be 0, 1, 2... etc. PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [0073] In some aspects, the method of the disclosure may include adding a charge balanced polymer having the structure of Formula Ia: Formula Ia [0074] wherein R1 is H or lower (C1-C4) alkyl; G is —CH2—; R2 is –(CH2-CH2- O)n- or –(CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is -O-; and Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; wherein c and d are positive integers. [0075] In various aspects, the molar ratio c:d ranges from 30:1 to 1:20, or from about 15:1 to 1:10, or from 5:1 to 1:5, or from 3:1 to 1:1. [0076] In other aspects, the method of the disclosure may include adding a charge balanced polymer having the structure of Formula Ib: Formula Ib R1 * _{* *} ^* e PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [0077] wherein R1 is H or lower (C1-C4) alkyl; G is —CH2—; R2 is –(CH2-CH2- O)n- or –(CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is SO3; and Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; wherein c, d and e are positive integers. [0078] In various aspects, the mole ratio of c:d:e may range from about 300:10:1 to 1:1:300. [0079] In various aspects, the method may further comprise adding a polymer of Formula III: Formula III cationic c, e are [0081] In various aspects, the weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the charge balanced copolymer of Formula I may fall within the range of about 1,000 to about 1,000,000; or about 1,000; 2,000; 2,500; 3,000; 3,500; 4,000; 4,500; 5,000; 5,500; 6,000; 6,500; 7,000; 7,500; 8,000; 8,500; 9,000; 9,500; 10,000; 11,000; 12,000; 13,000; 14,0000; 15,000; 16,000; 17,000; 18,000; 19,000; 20,000; 30,000; 40,000; 50,000; 60,000; 70,000; 80,000; 90,000 or 1,000,000, or from about 1,000 to about 50,000, or from about 1,500 to about 25,000, or from about 2,000 to about 20,000, or from about 2,500 to about 14,000, or from about 5,000 to about 14,000, or from about 5,000 to about 10,000, or from about 8,000 to 17,000, or from about 16,000 to 17,000, or any molecular weight that falls between any of these values. [0082] In various aspects, the charge balanced polymers of the disclosure may be used for water treatment in industrial water systems, such as in cooling water, boiler, closed loop and steam generating systems as deposit control and/or corrosion inhibition agents. In various aspects, the charge balanced polymers of the disclosure may PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) additionally be used in industrial processes, such as mining and/or mineral processing and air scrubbers or washers. In various aspects, the charge balanced polymers of the disclosure may further be used in membrane systems as deposit control agents to prevent membrane fouling. The appropriate treatment concentration may vary depending upon the particular system for which treatment is desired and will be influenced by factors such as the area subjected to corrosion, pH, temperature, water quantity and the respective concentrations in the water of the potential scale and deposit forming species. In various aspects, the charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure may be effective when used at levels of from about 0.1 to about 500 parts per million parts of water, or from about 1 to about 100 parts per million parts of water or from about 5 to 50 parts per million parts of water, or from about 15 to about 30 parts per million parts of water, contained in the aqueous system to be treated. The charge balanced polymers may be added directly into the desired water system in an aqueous solution, continuously or intermittently. In various aspects, water systems may include fresh water sources, such as lakes, ponds, wells, and the like; sea water; treated waste water; or brackish water. [0083] The charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure are not limited to use in any specific category of water system. For example, in addition to boiler and cooling water systems, the charge balanced polymers may also be effectively utilized in scrubber systems and the like wherein corrosion and/or the formation and deposition of scale forming salts is a problem. Other possible environments in which the polymers of the present disclosure may be used include heat distribution type seawater desalting apparatus, membrane systems and dust collection systems in iron and steel manufacturing industries. In some aspects, the charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure are also efficacious as deposit and pitch control agents in the paper and pulp manufacturing processes for preventing deposit of pitch, calcium oxalate and barium sulfate. They may also be used as viscosity and rheology modifiers in mining and mineral processing applications to reduce the viscosity of slurries. [0084] In various aspects, the charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure may be used as a single agent. In various aspects, the charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure may be used in combination with topping agents in order to supplement and/or enhance the corrosion inhibition and scale controlling properties thereof. For instance, the charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure may be used in PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) combination with one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of inorganic phosphoric acids, phosphonic acid salts, organic phosphoric acid esters, and polyvalent metal salts, or mixtures thereof. Such topping agents may be added to the system being treated in an amount of from about 0.1 to 500 ppm. [0085] Examples of inorganic phosphoric acids include condensed phosphoric acids and water-soluble salts thereof. Examples of phosphoric acids include orthophosphoric acids, primary phosphoric acids and secondary phosphoric acids. Examples of inorganic condensed phosphoric acids include polyphosphoric acids such as pyrophosphoric acid, tripolyphosphoric acid and the like, metaphosphoric acids such as trimetaphosphoric acid, and tetrametaphosphoric acid. In various aspects, the total phosphorous (P) or phosphate (PO4) content of the treated water system may range from 0 to 500 ppm. [0086] Examples of other phosphoric acid derivatives, which can be combined with the charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure include aminopolyphosphonic acids such as aminotrimethylene phosphonic acid, ethylene diaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid and the like, methylene diphosphonic acid, hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid, 2-phosphonobutane 1,2,4, tricarboxylic acid, etc. [0087] Exemplary organic phosphoric acid esters which may be combined with the charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure include phosphoric acid esters of alkyl alcohols such as methyl phosphoric acid ester, ethyl phosphoric acid ester, etc., phosphoric acid esters of methyl cellosolve and ethyl cellosolve, and phosphoric acid esters of polyoxyalkylated polyhydroxy compounds obtained by adding ethylene oxide to polyhydroxy compounds such as glycerol, mannitol, sorbitol, etc. Other suitable organic phosphoric esters are the phosphoric acid esters of amino alcohols such as mono, di, and tri-ethanol amines. The charge balanced polymers may also be used in conjunction with molybdates such as, sodium molybdate, potassium molybdate, lithium molybdate, ammonium molybdate, etc. [0088] The charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure may be used in combination with other topping agents including corrosion inhibitors for iron, steel, copper, and copper alloys or other metals, conventional scale and contamination inhibitors, metal ion sequestering agents, and other conventional water treating agents. Examples of other corrosion inhibitors include tungstate, nitrites, borates, silicates, PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) oxycarboxylic acids, amino acids, catechols, aliphatic amino surface active agents, N- heterocycle derivatives, azoles, such as benzotriazole, halogenated triazoles and mercaptobenzothiazole, phosphinosuccinate oligomers (PSO), and phosphonocarboxylic acids, such as phosphonocarboxylic (sulfonated) copolymer (POCA). Other scale and contamination inhibitors include lignin derivatives, tannic acids, starches, polyacrylic acids and their copolymers, including but not limited to acrylic acid/2-acrylamido-2- methylpropanesulfonic acid copolymers and acrylic acid/allyloxy-2-hydroxypropane-3- sulfonic acid copolymers, stress tolerant polymers (STP), polysulfone copolymers, maleic acids and their copolymers, polyepoxysuccinic acids and polyacrylamides, etc. [0089] Examples of metal ion sequestering agents include polyamines, such as ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine and the like. Further examples of metal ion sequestering agents include polyamino carboxylic acids, such as ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, Nitrilotriacetic acid, methylglycin diacetic acid (MGDA), N,N-Dicarboxymethyl glutamic acid tetrasodium salt, (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,6- trihydroxy-5-sulfooxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid, or Ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid, or mixtures thereof; polyamino acids or nucleic acids, such as polyaspartic acid or a peptide comprising more than one amino acid, or mixtures thereof; buffers, such as N-(2- Acetamido)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, N-(2-acetamido)iminodiacetic acid, adenosine monophosphate, 2-amino-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol, 2-hydroxy-3-[(2-hydroxy-1,1- dimethylethyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, N,N-Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2- aminoethanesulfonic acid, Bicine, Bis-Tris, 1,3- bis(tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino)propane, calcium alkyl benzene sulphonate, N- cyclohexyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid, N-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxyl-3- aminopropanesulfonic acid, 2-(cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid, 3-(Bis(2- hydroxyethyl)amino)-2-hydroxypropane-1-sulfonic acid, 3-[4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1- piperazinyl]propanesulfonic acid, 4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinepropanesulfonic acid, 4-(4-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)butane-1-sulfonic acid, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1- piperazineethanesulfonic acid, 2-Hydroxy-3-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl)propane-1- sulfonic acid, 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid, 4-morphoinobutane-1-sulfonic acid, 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid, 3-morpholino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid), piperazine-1,4-bis(2-hydroxypropanesulfonic PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) acid, 4-((1,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)amino)butane-1-sulfonic acid, 3- ((1,3-Dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propan-2-yl)amino)propane-1-sulfonic acid, N- [tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]-3-amino-2-hydroxypropanesulfonic acid, triethanolamine, N- tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, tricine, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or a substituted or a functionalized compound thereof, or mixtures thereof; or mixtures of amino alkylene phosphonic acids, represented by the formula 1 and 4; and their corresponding hydrolysis products. In various aspects, the charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure may be used to inhibit deposition of scales such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, calcium phosphonate, calcium oxalate, iron oxide, zinc oxide and metal silicates and may further be used to enhance clay and iron dispersion. In some aspects the charge balanced polymers of the present disclosure may be used to provide corrosion protection for iron and copper metallurgies and alloys. EXAMPLES [0091] The present technology will be further described in the following examples, which should be viewed as being illustrative and should not be construed to narrow the scope of the disclosed technology or limit the scope to any particular embodiments. [0092] Example 1 [0093] Preparation of Acrylic Acid/Allyloxy Propanediol Copolymer [0094] Generic Copolymer [0095] A charge balanced copolymer of acrylic acid and an allyl monomer with at least one hydroxyl group substitution can be made via free-radical polymerization. The initiator, chain transfer agent, and acrylic acid are all added dropwise at the same time, PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) into a solution at an elevated temperature containing the allyl monomer. The mixture is then held at this temperature until completion of the polymerization. [0096] Specific Copolymer [0097] 0.6 mol of 3-allyloxy-1,2-propanediol was added to a 500mL, round- bottomed flask equipped with a stirrer, temperature probe, and reflux condenser. It was then diluted to 50% with DI water and heated to 85°C. Simultaneously, 0.6 mol of acrylic acid was added dropwise over 120 minutes, 0.12 mol sodium hypophosphite diluted to 30% solution with DI water was added dropwise over 60 minutes, and 0.06 mol of sodium persulfate diluted to 30% with DI water was added dropwise over 130 minutes. The solution was then heated to 95°C and held for 90 minutes. The solution was then cooled, and 50% caustic was added until reaching the desired pH. [0098] Example 2 [0099] Preparation of Acrylic Acid/Ammonium Allylpolyethoxy Sulfate/Allyloxy Propanediol Terpolymer [00100] Generic Terpolymer [00101] A charge balanced terpolymer of acrylic acid, an allyl monomer with at least one hydroxyl group substitution, and a sulfonic acid substituted vinyl monomer can be made via free-radical polymerization. The initiator, chain transfer agent, and acrylic acid are all added dropwise at the same time, into a solution at an elevated temperature containing the allyl monomer and the sulfonic acid substituted vinyl monomer. The mixture is then held at this temperature until completion of the polymerization. [00102] Specific Terpolymer [00103] 0.06 mol of ammonium allylpolyethoxy sulfate, 0.19 mole of 3- allyloxy-1,2-propanediol, and 44.79g of DI water were added to a 500mL, round-bottomed flask equipped with a stirrer, temperature probe, and reflux condenser. It was then heated to 85°C. Simultaneously, 1.0 mol of acrylic acid was added dropwise over 120 minutes, 0.16 mol sodium meta-bisulfite diluted to 30% with DI water was added over 60 minutes, and 0.06 mol sodium persulfate diluted to 30% with DI water was added dropwise over 130 minutes. The solution was then heated to 95°C and held for 90 minutes. The solution was then cooled and 50% caustic was added until reaching the desired pH. [00104] Example 3 PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [00105] Generation of Hydroxyl Monomers [00106] Generic ring opening vinyl epoxide [00107] Hydroxyl monomers can be generated via the acid catalyzed hydrolysis of vinyl epoxides. A vinyl epoxide can be added to acidic water and held at elevated temperatures to produce the hydroxyl vinyl monomer. [00108] Specific ring opening [00109] 188.3mL of DI water and 0.5mL of 96% sulfuric acid were added to a 500mL, round-bottomed flask equipped with a stirrer and temperature probe. 125g of allyl glycidyl ether was then added dropwise over 60 minute and held at 85°C for 5hours. [00110] Example 4 [00111] Calcite Inhibition [00112] Max Calcite Saturation Test [00113] Synthetic water is made from chloride or sulfate salts with the following composition: 600 ppm Ca as CaCO3 (CaCl2*2H2O), 200 ppm Mg as CaCO3 (MgSO4*7H2O), 325 ppm M-alk as CaCO3 (150 ppm NaHCO3, 175 ppm Na2CO3), 30 ppm SiO2 as SiO2 (Na2SiO3*5H2O), 20 ppm active of the desired polymer. Using a recirculating testing rig equipped with pH (sulfuric acid) control, stainless steel heat exchanger deposition tube, and continuous make up feed and chemical treatment. The starting pH is set to 7.7-8.0 and held at constant volume and temperature for a 24-hour period. At this time the turbidity is measured as NTUs. A max saturation point is achieved when the NTUs rise about 1.0 in the bulk or a visual deposition is seen on the heat exchanger tube. If the measured turbidity does not reveal a significant change the pH of the testing rig is increased 0.2 units. The process is repeated until a max saturation point is achieved. When the NTUs are measured below and close to a value of 1.0 the holding period is extended by 12 hours and the NTUs are measured again, if over 1.0 NTUs the test is stopped, if below 1.0 the pH is increased by a lower increment than 0.2. The max calcite saturation is calculated using an equilibrium competing ion program which can be either developed in house, downloaded free from online resources, or purchased from software companies. [00114] The max calcite saturation for control monomers and mixtures, and various copolymers and terpolymers of the disclosure are shown below in Table 1, with a higher value indicating a better performing polymer for calcite inhibition: P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [00115] Table 1 Active Mw PMA (wt. PAA (mol M1^a (mol M2^b (mol M3^c (mol M4^d (mol Max Polymer % % % % % % Calcite Type monomer) monomer) monomer) monomer) monomer) monomer) P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) Terpolymer 8750 80 10 10 83 Terpolymer 8013 77 15 8 103 T r l m r 2805 77 15 8 103 b allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer c allyloxy hydroxyl-containing monomer d allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer [00116] Example 5 [00117] Calcite Dispersion [00118] Heat Exchanger Calcite Dispersion Test 1 [00119] Using a recirculating testing rig with the standard synthetic water, a set treatment of 20 ppm active was continuously fed with makeup. The test was started at PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) pH 8.0 and acid feed was discontinued, and the pH was allowed to naturally climb to the highest measurable level. Over several days the bulk water would turn cloudy white and the test is continued at this state for several days. The pH during this time usually cycles below and just to max saturation and the degree the pH decreases depends on the rate of precipitation. The heat exchanger/deposition tube is stainless steel. In addition, pre- weighed standard stainless-steel coupons and stainless-steel deposition coupons were added to the system. Evaluations are based on the visual degree of deposition on the heat exchanger tube and weight gain on standard and mesh coupons. [00120] The results of the evaluation for control monomers and mixtures, and various copolymers and terpolymers of the disclosure, are shown below in Table 2. [00121] Table 2 Weight Gain Heat Exchanger Polymer Mw PMA PAA M1 M2 M3 M4 SS Deposit HX Tube e e aze one aze one b allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer c allyloxy hydroxyl-containing monomer d allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer [00122] Heat Exchanger Calcite Dispersion Test 2 [00123] The recirculating testing rig was equipped with a clean stainless- steel heat exchanger tube, pre-weighed stainless-steel coupons, and pre-weighted deposit PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) coupons. The testing water was the same composition as the maximum calcite test conditions in Example 4. Prior to starting the test, the pH was adjusted to 7.8 with sulfuric acid. The polymer being evaluated was dosed at 20 ppm. The recirculating rig was allowed to equilibrate for 2 to 4 hours at temperature, 120°F for the sump and a calculated 133°F for the heat exchanger skin temperature before turning off pH control. Once at temperature the acid controller was turned off and the unit was configured to naturally increase the pH until bulk precipitation occurred turning the sump a milky white color. The testing rig was configured to recirculate for four days. After 4 days the unit was turned off, and the heat exchanger tube and coupons were removed from the system. Both were gently rinsed with deionized water and isopropanol and air dried for two or more hours. The heat exchanger tube was given a numerical rating: 5 = clean tube, 4= light or localized deposits, 3= visibly white scale where metal is still visible, 2= white scale and metal surface not visible, 1= very heavy scale. The coupons were weighed and a weight gain was determined for the coupon, it is desired to have the lowest weight gain possible. The results are shown in Table 3 below: [00124] Table 3 Polymer Mw PMA PAA M1^a M2^b M3^c M4^d Coupon HX Tube Type (mol % (mol% (mol% (mol% (mol% (mol% Weight b allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer c allyloxy hydroxyl-containing monomer d allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [00125] Example 6 [00126] Silicate Inhibition [00127] Max MgSiO3 Saturation [00128] Synthetic water is made from chloride or sulfate salts with the following composition: 780 ppm Mg as CaCO3 (MgSO4*7H2O), 230 ppm M-alk as CaCO₃ (Na₂CO₃), 130 ppm SiO₂ as SiO₂ (Na₂SiO₃*5H₂O)), 20 ppm active polymer. Note, since the synthetic water does not contain calcium ions the only scale possible in this test is MgSiO₃ under these testing conditions. Using a recirculating testing rig equipped with pH (sulfuric acid) control, stainless steel heat exchanger deposition tube, and continuous make up feed and chemical treatment. The starting pH is set to 7.7-8.0 and held at constant volume and temperature for a 24-hour period. During this time the turbidity is measured as NTUs. A max saturation point is achieved when the NTUs rise about 1.0 in the bulk or a visual deposition is seen on the heat exchanger tube. If the measured turbidity does not reveal a significant change the pH of the testing rig is increased 0.2 units. The process is repeated until a max saturation point is achieved. When the NTUs are measured below and close to a value of 1.0 the holding period is extended by 12 hours and the NTUs are measured again, if over 1.0 NTUs the test is stopped, if below 1.0 the pH is increased by a lower increment than 0.2. The max MgSiO3 saturation is measured using an equilibrium competing ion program which can be either developed in house, downloaded free from online resources, or purchased from software companies. [00129] The maximum MgSiO₃ saturation for control monomers and mixtures, as well as copolymers and terpolymers of the disclosure are shown in Table 4 below, with a higher value indicating a better performing polymer for silicate inhibition: [00130] Table 4 Active Mw PMA PAA (mol. M1^a M2^b M3^c M4^d Max MgSiO3 Polymer (mol% % (mol% (mol% (mol% (mol% PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) Copolymer 2184 40 60 2.79 Copolymer 4967 60 40 1.48 ^b allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer c allyloxy hydroxyl-containing monomer d allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer [00131] Example 7 [00132] Clay Dispersion [00133] 1.9 L beakers are charged with 500 ppm Ca as CaCO3 (CaCl2*2H2O), 200 ppm Mg as CaCO3 (MgSO4*7H2O), and 50 ppm M-alkalinity as CaCO3 (NaHCO3). The water was charged with the desired polymer at 10 ppm active polymer. The beakers, standard test has 12 beakers and tests done in triplicates, would be pH adjusted to 7.5, there were no changes in the results if pH 8.6 were used instead. With vortex stirring Kaolin solution was added to the beaker creating a 0.1% dispersion. The P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) beaker was stirred for several minutes and then agitation was removed, and the Kaolin settled over 120 min period. A sample was removed from the top 40% and the turbidity was measured to obtain an NTU reading. The higher the NTU reading in the top 40% indicates a better performing polymer at dispersing clay. [00134] The results for control monomers and mixtures, as well as copolymers and terpolymers of the disclosure, are shown below in Table 5. [00135] Table 5 Active Mw PMA PAA M1^a M2^b M3^c M4^d (mol% Clay Polymer (mol% (mol% (mol% (mol% (mol% monomer) Dispersion Type monomer) monomer) monomer) monomer) monomer) b allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer c allyloxy hydroxyl-containing monomer d allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [00136] Example 8 [00137] Corrosion Inhibition [00138] Recirculating Rig Corrosion Testing [00139] The recirculating rig had a total volume of ~1.4 L and was equipped with a sump pump, by-pass rack for corrosion coupons and probes, Plexiglas encased heat exchanger, and probes to control pH and oxidation reduction potential (ORP.) The water chemistry for Water A and Water B are provided below in Table 6. [00140] Table 6 Water A Water B were calculated by inserting coupons into the bypass rack for the duration of the testing period, 7-8 days. The pH was controlled using sulfuric acid drip. Oxidizer feed was controlled by the ORP probe and controlled to a target residual free chlorine value. Residual free chlorine was measured using a Hach powder packet and analysis method. Water flow was maintained at ~4 ft/sec and bulk water temperature was controlled by a chilled water loop at 50 °C. [00142] The results after addition of a terpolymer of the disclosure to water chemistries A and B at various doses are shown in Table 7 below: [00143] Table 7 Entry Polymer Mw PAA M1^a _M4 ^d ₍ ^mol _% LCS LCS ADM HX Tube Appearance D ( l% m n m r) C n Pr b Pr b P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) monomer) (avg) (avg) Water 50 4497 77 15 8 1.2 mpy 0.81 0.1 SS - No deposits A mpy mpy or [00144] As can be seen from Table 7, addition of the terpolymer to Water A and Water B in various doses resulted in no corrosion or deposits on the tested heat exchangers. The polymer, without topping agents, could handle water conditions where calcite and calcium phosphate are super saturated, disperse any metal throw from corrosion, and protect the metal surfaces against galvanic and general corrosion. [00145] Additional water chemistries (Waters C-G) are provided below in Table 8: [00146] Table 8 Water C Water D Water E Water F Water G pH 8 8 8 8 8.6 [00147] The results after addition of a copolymer or terpolymer of the disclosure at various doses to water chemistries D-G are shown in Table 9 below [00148] Table 9 Entry Polymer Dose Mw PAA M1^a (mol. M2 M4^d LCS Coupon (avg) mpy % (mol% ( l% P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) m_onomer) ^monomer) _monomer) Water C 500 0.72 (Control) d allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer [00149] Example 9 [00150] Hydroxyapatite Inhibition Bottle Test [00151] Water chemistry was developed wherein CaPO4 would be an unstable material and drop out of an untreated solution (control). Results were determined by comparing the control samples to the treated samples in each test. The water chemistry was developed so that no pH adjustment would be necessary in the synthetic water. The following were the test parameters: [00152] 400 ppm Ca as CaCO3 [00153] 100 ppm Mg as CaCO₃ [00154] 35 ppm M-Alk as CaCO3 [00155] 96 ppm SO₄ [00156] 283 ppm Cl- [00157] 10 ppm PO₄ [00158] The pH of the water above was 8.2 at test temperature (70 ˚C) and had a Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) of 1.34. Treatment stocks were adjusted to the same pH before addition into the test bottles. The phosphate concentration was adjusted to 4 ppm. Tests were conducted in clean 100 mL glass vials and polymers were dosed at 15 ppm to evaluate a range of different polymers. [00159] The percent inhibition was determined chemically, by filtered phosphate analysis at the end of the equilibration period of 18 hours. This is a “static” test, meaning that the bottles were heated, but not shaken, during the equilibration period. Results are shown below in Table 10 P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) [00160] Table 10 Active Mw PMA PAA M1^a (mol% M2^b M3^c (mol% M4^d HAP Polymer (mol% (mol% monomer) (mol% monomer) (mol% 4ppm Type monomer) monomer) monomer) monomer) (% iti P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) Terpolymer 3620 70 25 5 93 Terpolymer 5120 70 25 5 94 T r l m r 4509 74 15 11 64 c allyloxy hydroxyl-containing monomer d allyl sulfonic acid-containing monomer [00161] While embodiments of the disclosed technology have been described, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not so limited and modifications may be made without departing from the disclosed technology. The scope of the disclosed technology is defined by the appended claims, and all devices, processes, and methods that come within the meaning of the claims, either literally or by equivalence, are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) CLAIMS 1. A composition comprising a charge balanced polymer of the formula: ethylenically unsaturated compound; R1 is H or lower (C1-C4) alkyl; G is —CH2— or —CHCH3—; R2 is –(CH2- CH₂-O)_n- or –(CH₂—CH(OH)—CH₂)_n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is SO₃ or - O-; Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; F is a repeat unit of the formula R4 * CH₂ C * substituted alkyl or alkylene having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a monomer comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups selected from the group consisting of PEG-OH and others having 1 to 10 repeats; wherein c and d are positive integers; and e is a non-negative integer. 2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated compound is one or more of: a carboxylic acid, a sulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof. 3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated compound is one or more of: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide, maleic acid or anhydride, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid or mixtures thereof. PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) 4. The composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the composition further comprises a polymer of the formula wherein n ranges from about 1-100; Z is hydrogen or a water soluble cationic moiety; and c, d and e are positive integers. 5. The composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the water soluble cationic moiety is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Ca and NH4. 6. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the molar ratio of c:d:e ranges from 300:10:1 to 1:1:300. 7. The composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein n ranges from about 1 to 20. 8. The composition of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the charge balanced polymer is of the formula: PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) wherein R1 is H or lower (C1-C4) alkyl; G is —CH2—; R2 is –(CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is -O-; and Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; wherein c and d are positive integers. 9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the molar ratio of c:d ranges from 30:1 to 1:20. 10. The composition of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the charge balanced polymer is of the formula: CH₂-O)_n- or – (CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is SO3; and Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; wherein c, d and e are positive integers. 11. A method of preventing corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale imparting species on surfaces exposed to an aqueous system comprising adding to the aqueous system an effective amount of a charge balanced polymer comprising an ethylenically unsaturated compound and a monomer comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups. 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the method comprises adding to the aqueous system an effective amount of a charge balanced polymer of the formula: PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) wherein E is the an ethylenically unsaturated compound; R1 is H or lower (C1-C4) alkyl; G is —CH₂— or —CHCH₃—; R2 is –(CH₂- CH2-O)n- or –(CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is SO3 or - O-; Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; F is a repeat unit of the formula wherein R4 is H or lower (C1- substituted alkyl or alkylene having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a monomer comprising non-ionic hydroxyl groups selected from the group consisting of PEG-OH and others having 1 to 10 repeats; wherein c and d are positive integers; and e is a non-negative integer. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated compound is one or more of: carboxylic acid, sulfonic acid, or mixtures thereof. 14. The method of claim 13, wherein the ethylenically unsaturated compound is one or more of: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methyl acrylamide, N,N-dimethyl acrylamide, N-isopropyl acrylamide, maleic acid or anhydride, styrene sulfonic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid or mixtures thereof. PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) 15. The method of any one of claims 12-14, wherein the water soluble cationic moiety is selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Ca and NH4. 16. The method of any one of claims 11-15, wherein the monomer comprising non- ionic hydroxyl groups is an allyloxy monomer. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the allyloxy monomer is 3-allyloxy-1,2- propanediol. 18. The method of any one of claims 12-17, wherein the method further comprises adding an effective amount of a polymer of the formula wherein n ranges from about 1-100; Z is hydrogen or a water soluble cationic moiety; and c, d and e are positive integers. 19. The method of any one of claims 12-18, wherein the molar ratio of c:d:e ranges from 300:10:1 to 1:1:300. 20. The method of any one of claims 12-19, wherein n ranges from about 1 to 20. 21. The method of any one of claims 12-20, wherein the charge balanced polymer is of the formula: PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) R1 * CH₂ CH * * CH₂ C * d wherein R1 is H –(CH₂-CH₂-O)_n- or – (CH2—CH(OH) n n ranges to -O-; and Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; wherein c and d are positive integers. 22. The method of claim 21, wherein the molar ratio of c:d ranges from 30:1 to 1:20. 23. The method of any one of claims 12-22, wherein the charge balanced polymer is of the formula: _n- or – (CH2—CH(OH)—CH2)n where n ranges from about 1 to 100; X is SO3; and Z is H or a water soluble cationic moiety; wherein c, d and e are positive integers. 24. The method of any one of claims 11-23, where in the aqueous system is a steam generating system. PCT P2022_021-WO-PCT (40980-872) 25. The method of any one of claims 11-24, wherein the aqueous system is a cooling water system. 26. The method of any one of claims 11-25, wherein the aqueous system is a gas scrubber system. 27. The method of any one of claims 11-26, wherein the aqueous system is a closed loop system. 28. The method of any one of claims 11-27, wherein the charge balanced polymer is added in combination with at least one or more topping agents. 29. A method of preventing membrane fouling comprising adding to a membrane system an effective amount of the charge balanced polymer of any one of claims 1-10. 30. A method of preventing corrosion and the formation and deposition of scale in an industrial water system comprising adding to the industrial water system an effective amount of the charge balanced polymer of any one of claims 1-10.