EP4639585A1 - Installation de cogénération électronucléaire à réacteur à eau légère (rel) et système(s) d'électrolyse de l'eau à haute température pour production d'hydrogène à partir de la chaleur du réacteur rel - Google Patents
Installation de cogénération électronucléaire à réacteur à eau légère (rel) et système(s) d'électrolyse de l'eau à haute température pour production d'hydrogène à partir de la chaleur du réacteur relInfo
- Publication number
- EP4639585A1 EP4639585A1 EP23836811.2A EP23836811A EP4639585A1 EP 4639585 A1 EP4639585 A1 EP 4639585A1 EP 23836811 A EP23836811 A EP 23836811A EP 4639585 A1 EP4639585 A1 EP 4639585A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- coupling
- circuit
- heat
- closed loop
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21D—NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
- G21D9/00—Arrangements to provide heat for purposes other than conversion into power, e.g. for heating buildings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
- C25B1/042—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water by electrolysis of steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/021—Process control or regulation of heating or cooling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of light water nuclear reactors (LWR), in particular pressurized water reactors (PWR) or boiling water reactors (REB). More particularly, the invention relates to cogeneration installations comprising such nuclear reactors. Unless otherwise stated, by “cogeneration” is meant here and in the context of the invention, the simultaneous or non-simultaneous production of electricity and, where appropriate, heat, and the production of hydrogen by electrolysis of water from heat and electricity provided by nuclear reactors.
- the main objective of the invention is to optimize the efficiency of the coupling, above all thermal, in order to optimize the production of hydrogen from the heat provided by nuclear reactors.
- EHT high temperature electrolysis of water
- HTE High Temperature Electrolysis
- SOEC Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell
- the invention applies to any nuclear reactor with indirect thermodynamic cycle of the family of so-called second, third, fourth generation reactors (GEN IV). It applies in particular to boiling water nuclear reactors (BWR), with fast neutrons cooled with liquid metal, in particular liquid sodium known as RNR-Na or SFR (English acronym for “Sodium Fast Reactor”) and which is part of the GEN IV family of reactors.
- BWR boiling water nuclear reactors
- RNR-Na or SFR Korean acronym for “Sodium Fast Reactor”
- nuclear reactors In a context of climate and energy transition, the nuclear industry must meet several challenges for the future. Indeed, to meet the energy and societal challenges of tomorrow, it will be appropriate to design nuclear reactors that allow: - to limit the need for so-called “environmental” liquid cold sources (rivers, rivers, sea) and the associated discharges into the environment;
- ENR renewable energies
- a pressurized water nuclear reactor conventionally comprises three cycles (fluidic circuits) whose general principle of normal operation is explained below with reference to Figure 1. The temperatures and efficiency are indicated for illustration purposes.
- the primary circuit 1 is a closed loop fluid circuit mainly comprising the core of the reactor 2, at least one steam generator (GV), as an exchanger called primary exchanger 3 and a hydraulic pump 4 to circulate the heat transfer fluid which is water maintained in the liquid state within the operating temperature range of the reactor, typically around 320°C-330°C in normal operation.
- GV steam generator
- the high pressure water from the primary circuit draws the energy provided, in the form of heat, by the fission of the uranium nuclei, in the core of reactor 1.
- this water under high pressure and high temperature typically 155 bars and 320°C-330°C, enters the intermediate exchanger 3 and transmits its energy to a secondary circuit 5, also using water under pressure as closed loop heat transfer fluid.
- This secondary circuit 5 comprises the intermediate exchanger 3, a turbine 6 comprising a high pressure body 60 and a low pressure body 61, a condenser 7 and a hydraulic pump 8 to circulate the water in the form of vapor as a heat transfer fluid .
- the water in the form of steam at high pressure, typically at around 70 bars, is expanded in the high pressure body of the turbine, then superheated before continuing its expansion in the low pressure bodies 61
- the turbine drives an alternator 9 which produces electricity.
- the water from the secondary circuit is then condensed via the condenser 7 in a third cycle, the cooling cycle 10, as a so-called “cold” source.
- This cycle 10 mainly comprises humid air cooling towers 11, which are hollow towers in their center in which, naturally, a current of air is created entering the lower part and leaving the upper part. In passing, this air current takes the heat contained in the water in the cooling circuit and disperses it into the atmosphere in the form of a cloud of water vapor.
- the operation is reproduced constantly in which the water is distributed into fine droplets, which allows on the one hand a good exchange between the water and the air and therefore brings the water to a temperature close to that of the ambient air and on the other hand saturates the air flow circulating from bottom to top in the tower with water vapor.
- Part of the water flow evaporates in tower 11, the rest falls as rain in the basin located below the tower where it is pumped and returns to cool condenser 7.
- the evaporated water is replaced by so-called “environmental” tertiary water pumped upstream from a river, a river or a sea. This significantly increases the temperature of these watercourses, which in hot periods and/or low flow of these watercourses can lead to an operator of the nuclear installation to lower their power level, or even to stop them.
- thermodynamic efficiency of a PWR is of the order of 33 to 34%
- temperature of the water at the inlet of the condenser 7 is of the order of 20°C and 35°C upon exit.
- cogeneration reactors dedicated to both the production of electricity and heat or to the production of electricity and, where appropriate, heat and hydrogen, simultaneously or not.
- one principle of cogeneration of electricity and heat from a nuclear reactor is to modify the design of the energy conversion cycle so that the heat is released to the cold source at a temperature which allows for valuation. This principle is rather applied for an installation, such as intended for seawater desalination, for district heating, where the heat sought is at a relatively low temperature, typically around 150°C.
- a first configuration consists of modifying the components of the electricity production system of a REP installation in order to adjust the water temperature at the cold source.
- this modification In a classic configuration, illustrated in Figure 1, this modification remains limited. It does not affect the high pressure turbine 60 but only the low pressure turbine 61 ensuring the Rankine cycle.
- This modification illustrated in Figure 2 consists of reducing the operating point P of the low pressure turbine 61 to a pressure of the order of one bar, instead of approximately 50 mbar, so that the water leaving the condenser has a sufficiently high temperature level, typically at 70°C, to be valued, for example in a heating network 12.
- This modification is accompanied first of all by a reduction in the electrical power produced, since the efficiency thermodynamic increases to 27%. There is also an increase in pressure in condenser 7.
- Water electrolysis is an electrochemical reaction that breaks down water into dioxygen and dihydrogen gas with the help of an electric current according to the reaction:
- To carry out the electrolysis of water it is advantageous to carry it out at high temperature typically between 600 and 950°C, because part of the energy necessary for the reaction can be provided by heat, which is less expensive. than electricity and carrying out the reaction is more efficient at high temperatures and finally it may not require a catalyst.
- a reactor also called an SOEC type electrolyzer (English acronym for “Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell”), consisting of a stack of elementary units each comprising a cell.
- solid oxide electrolysis consisting of three anode/electrolyte/cathode layers superimposed one on the other, and interconnection plates, for example made of metal alloys, also called bipolar plates, or interconnectors.
- the function of the interconnectors is to ensure both the passage of electric current and the circulation of gases in the vicinity of each cell (water vapor injected, hydrogen and oxygen extracted in an EHT electrolyzer) and to separate the anode and cathode compartments.
- interconnection devices usually called interconnectors or bipolar interconnection plates.
- the assembly is positioned between two end interconnection plates which support the electrical supplies and gas supplies to the electrolyzer (electrolysis reactor).
- a high temperature water electrolyzer thus comprises at least one, generally a plurality of electrolysis cells stacked on top of each other, each elementary cell being formed of an electrolyte, a cathode and an anode, the electrolyte being interposed between the anode and the cathode.
- a high temperature EHT electrolyzer requires a combined input of thermal and electrical power upstream to bring the reagents to the temperature necessary for electrolysis and within it a supply of electrical power to carry out electrolysis.
- patent CN207603212 proposes a configuration for sampling steam at high temperature and high pressure at the outlet of the steam generator (GV) of a nuclear reactor to be injected directly into the EHT electrolyzer.
- This configuration has many major disadvantages:
- the fact of having water which supplies both the secondary circuit and the EHT electrolyzer requires compatibility between the physicochemical requirements of the secondary water and the feed water to the electrolyzer.
- the requirements of non-aggressiveness of secondary water on the materials of the secondary loop require treatments by adding chemicals, which appear to be difficult to compatible with water intended to supply a electrolyzer.
- the water introduced into an EHT electrolyzer must be as pure as possible because impurities remain within the electrolyzer and accumulate over time.
- Publication [3] proposes a coupling configuration between a Rankine cycle electrogenerating PWR type nuclear installation and an EHT electrolyser unit.
- the heat sampling to power an EHT electrolyzer is carried out indirectly, that is to say without direct sampling of water vapor. This makes it possible to avoid impacting the water inventory of the secondary circuit.
- This coupling configuration thus proposes the establishment of a fluid loop taking steam directly from the steam generator outlet, i.e. at approximately 280°C, and reinjecting the steam after passing through an exchanger, directly at the condenser. of the Rankine cycle.
- the heat taken is not fully used by the proposed EHT unit, which is not efficient from a thermal point of view.
- the energy efficiency of nuclear cogeneration installations as mentioned above is not optimal, because the coupling between the nuclear reactor(s) for electricity generation and/or heat generation and the EHT electrolyzer unit for the production of hydrogen is not optimal.
- the aim of the invention is to meet this need at least partially.
- the invention relates, in one of its aspects, to a nuclear power cogeneration installation, intended to produce electricity and, where appropriate, heat, and hydrogen, comprising:
- At least one nuclear reactor in particular pressurized water (PWR) or boiling water (REB), comprising:
- a first fluidic circuit called primary circuit, comprising at least a first steam generator as a first intermediate heat exchanger;
- a second fluidic circuit comprising: at least one turbine comprising a high pressure body connected to the first steam generator and a low pressure body connected to the high pressure body by at least one fluidic branch, a high pressure heater connected in closed loop to the high pressure body, to a water tank, called a food tank, and to the first steam generator, a low pressure heater connected on the one hand by at least one fluid branch to the low pressure body and on the other hand by at least one fluid branch to the food cover, a condenser connected on the one hand to the low pressure body and on the other hand in a closed loop to the low pressure heater; an alternator mechanically coupled to the turbine, intended to be connected to an electrical network.
- the installation comprises at least one high temperature EHT electrolysis unit thermally coupled to the nuclear reactor by a third fluid circuit, called injection coupling circuit, comprising: a second intermediate heat exchanger connected in a closed loop to a withdrawal tap, made in the fluid branch between the high pressure body and the low pressure body of the turbine, and to the food tank, a second steam generator, called a coupling steam generator, connected on the one hand in a closed loop to the second heat exchanger, and on the other hand to a fluid branch whose inlet is connected to a separate liquid water supply of the primary and secondary circuits of the nuclear reactor and the outlet is connected to the inlet of the high temperature electrolysis unit so as to inject the water vapor produced by the coupling steam generator.
- injection coupling circuit comprising: a second intermediate heat exchanger connected in a closed loop to a withdrawal tap, made in the fluid branch between the high pressure body and the low pressure body of the turbine, and to the food tank, a second steam generator, called a coupling steam generator, connected on the one hand in a closed loop
- the liquid water supplying the coupling steam generator is demineralized water.
- high temperature water electrolysis unit is meant here and in the context of the invention a hydrogen production unit comprising one or more high temperature water electrolyzers (EHT) in series. or in fluidic parallel, each electrolyser comprising at least one, generally a plurality of electrolysis cells stacked on top of each other, each elementary cell being formed of an electrolyte, a cathode and an anode, the electrolyte being interposed between the anode and the cathode.
- the electrolysis unit also includes all the components upstream and downstream of the electrolyzer(s), for example the heat exchangers, the hydrogen and oxygen compressors produced. . . We can refer to figures 2 and 3 of the publication [5].
- the nuclear reactor is a PWR reactor comprising a steam dryer, arranged on the fluid branch connecting the high pressure body and the pressure body of the turbine, the withdrawal tap being made at a point of the branch between the high pressure body and steam dryer.
- the injection coupling circuit is adapted to take the steam from the withdrawal tap at a temperature at most equal to 200°C, advantageously still between 150 and 180°C, so that the coupling steam generator transforms into vapor the liquid water which supplies it at a temperature at most equal to 40°C, advantageously between 10 and 35°C.
- the heat transfer fluid of the closed loop connecting the coupling steam generator to the second heat exchanger is pressurized water.
- the high temperature electrolysis production unit EHT is also thermally coupled to the nuclear reactor by a fourth fluidic circuit, called reinjection coupling circuit, comprising: a fourth intermediate heat exchanger connected in a closed loop to a first reinjection tap made between the low pressure heater and the food tank, and to a second reinjection tap made between the condenser and the low pressure heater, a fifth heat exchanger intermediate heat, called a coupling exchanger, connected on the one hand to a fluid branch whose inlet is connected to a supply of liquid water coming from the high temperature electrolysis unit and the output is connected to at least one circuit cooling of the high temperature electrolysis unit and on the other hand in a closed loop to the fourth heat exchanger, so as to evacuate at least in part the excess heat from the high temperature electrolysis unit and at reinject it into the secondary circuit of the nuclear reactor.
- a fourth fluidic circuit called reinjection coupling circuit
- the reinjection coupling circuit is preferably adapted to take liquid water coming from the high temperature electrolysis unit at a temperature at least equal to 80°C, advantageously between 85 and 95°C .
- the heat transfer fluid of the closed loop connecting the coupling exchanger to the fourth heat exchanger is pressurized water.
- the alternator is adapted to supply at least part of its electricity to the high temperature electrolysis unit.
- the withdrawal tap is provided with a valve for regulating the inlet pressure in the third intermediate exchanger.
- the control valve is also a valve for regulating the inlet pressure into the high pressure heater.
- the second intermediate heat exchanger is of identical structure to that of the high pressure heater.
- the invention essentially consists of achieving an optimal indirect thermal coupling between a nuclear reactor and a unit for producing hydrogen by electrolysis at high temperature via a judiciously chosen withdrawal tap downstream of the high pressure body of the turbine. of the Rankine cycle of the nuclear reactor which will transfer the heat thus withdrawn, via a closed loop between an intermediate heat exchanger and a coupling steam generator, to the liquid water supplying the production unit in order to inject steam at a high temperature required to carry out electrolysis.
- This indirect heat supply can be carried out continuously or decreasingly until the heat released by the electrolysis reaction is sufficient to power it on its own.
- another closed loop with a heat exchanger is also implemented to achieve indirect coupling by returning the waste heat from the hydrogen production unit by EHT electrolysis, to the nuclear reactor.
- the thermal discharges from the hydrogen production unit by EHT electrolysis are at least partly reinjected into the nuclear reactor.
- FIG 1 Figure 1 schematically illustrates a configuration of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) operating solely as a power reactor according to the state of the art.
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of a configuration of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) modified to operate as a cogeneration reactor according to the state of the art.
- FIG 3 is a schematic view showing in more detail the components of the secondary and tertiary circuits of a nuclear power installation with a pressurized water reactor (PWR) according to the state of the art.
- PWR pressurized water reactor
- FIG 4 is a schematic view of a cogeneration installation of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) thermally coupled with a high temperature electrolysis unit according to the invention.
- PWR pressurized water reactor
- upstream is to be understood by reference to the direction of circulation of a heat transfer fluid within one of the fluid circuits of a nuclear cogeneration installation according to the invention.
- Points A to H of the different fluidic lines concerned in Figure 4 are symbolized by black points.
- the primary circuit 1 is a closed loop fluid circuit mainly comprising the core of the reactor 2, an exchanger 3 as a steam generator (GV), and a hydraulic pump 4 to circulate the heat transfer fluid which is water which passes from the liquid state to the vapor state, typically around 300°C at high pressure, typically around 70 bars, in normal operation.
- GV steam generator
- the tertiary circuit 10 mainly comprises a turbine 6 consisting of a high pressure body 60 and a low pressure body 61 connected to the high pressure body 60 by a branch fluidic 62, a condenser 7 connected to the low pressure body 61 by a fluidic branch 63 and a hydraulic pump 80 to circulate the water in the form of vapor as a heat transfer fluid.
- the water in the form of steam is expanded in the high pressure body of the turbine, then superheated before continuing its expansion in the low pressure body 61.
- the turbine drives an alternator 9 which produces electricity .
- the water from the secondary circuit is then condensed via condenser 7, as a so-called “cold” source.
- the steam generator 3 produces steam for the high and low pressure bodies 60, 61 of the turbine 6, which is characteristic of a Rankine cycle with the operating methods of an electrogenic cycle of the installation and must be able to operate according to the needs of the electricity network.
- the steam generator 3 is typically sized to evacuate 1.5 times the power of the nuclear reactor. It should be noted that the bodies of the turbines 60, 61 are sized based on the peak steam flow rate produced by the steam generator 30.
- the hydraulic pump 4 is designed to operate at least at the availability coefficient Kd of the nuclear reactor and must be able to operate according to the fluctuations in the electricity needs of the electrical network to which the alternator 9 of the nuclear reactor is electrically connected.
- the flow rate of pump 4 must make it possible, taking into account the heat capacity of the heat transfer fluid and the dimensioning of the steam generator 3, to supply it with heat transfer fluid with a flow rate making it possible to respond to power demands from the electrical network.
- Pump 4 has metal walls resistant to chemical attacks from the heat transfer fluid at high temperatures, typically above 300°C.
- Several pumps can be positioned in parallel to distribute the pumping flow and a redundant pump can be provided for safety reasons.
- Circuit 10 also includes a circuit for heating the feed water of the steam generator 3 before it is injected/expanded in the form of steam in the pressure body 60 of the turbine 6.
- This heating circuit firstly comprises a high pressure heater 64 connected in a closed loop to the high pressure body 60, to a water tank, called a food tank 66, and to the first steam generator 30. It also includes a heater at low pressure 65 connected on the one hand by at least one fluid branch to the low pressure body and on the other hand by at least one fluid branch to the food cover 66.
- a pump 81 for extracting the condensate coming from the condenser 7 routes it into the food tank 66 via the low pressure heater 65.
- the condensate is typically at a temperature of 40°C at a pressure of order of 0.075 bars at the outlet of condenser 7.
- the low pressure heater 65 uses as a heat source the steam withdrawn from the low pressure body 61 of the turbine 6.
- the low pressure heater 65 thus heats the feed water of the steam generator 30.
- the feed water leaves the low pressure heater 65, it has a temperature typically between 80 and 100°C.
- the pump 80 makes it possible to bring this feed water from the food tank 66 to the high pressure heater 64 to bring it to a temperature of around 150°C at a pressure of 40 bars in the steam generator 30.
- the high pressure heater 64 uses as a heat source the steam withdrawn from the high pressure body 60 of the turbine 6.
- the nuclear cogeneration installation according to the invention illustrated in Figure 4 comprises in addition to the usual components of an installation with a usual PWR reactor, which has just been described in relation to Figure 3, at least one electrolysis unit at high temperature EHT 100 thermally coupled to the nuclear reactor by an injection coupling circuit 200.
- This injection coupling circuit 200 firstly comprises an intermediate heat exchanger 202 connected in a closed loop to a withdrawal tap A, produced in the fluid branch 62 between the high pressure body 60 and the low pressure body 61 of the turbine , and to the food cover 66. More precisely, taking into account the temperature and pressure of the hot steam that we wish to draw off, the withdrawal tap A is at a point of the branch 62 which connects the high pressure body 60 of turbine and the dryer, not shown of the PWR reactor.
- this tap at point A is chosen at the appropriate temperature level to provide the latent heat allowing the food water of unit 100 to be vaporized.
- the withdrawal tap A can be carried out in a strictly identical manner (type of welding, characteristic pipe diameter, etc.) to that of the withdrawal supplying the high pressure heater 64.
- connection A is advantageously provided with a valve for regulating the inlet pressure in the intermediate exchanger 202.
- This regulation valve can also be a valve for regulating the inlet pressure in the high pressure heater 64. This valve can thus be controlled in two different modes. This control valve makes it possible to optimize the operation and control of the coupling cycle 200, with great flexibility.
- the fluid branch 201 In the closed loop from the withdrawal point A, the fluid branch 201 allows the steam to be channeled and transferred to the exchanger 202. After heat exchange, the fluid branch 203 brings the liquid water back to a point B of the food cover .
- This circuit also includes a second steam generator, called a coupling steam generator 205 adapted to produce feed steam at an entry point F of the electrolysis unit 100 from demineralized liquid water coming from a point E.
- This coupling generator 205 is also connected in an intermediate closed loop to the heat exchanger 202.
- a circulation pump 206 brings pressurized liquid water via the fluid branch 204 from the exchanger 202 to the coupling generator 205 then after heat exchange, brings the water back via the fluid branch 207 to 'at interchange 202.
- a circulation pump 206 brings pressurized liquid water via the fluid branch 204 from the exchanger 202 to the coupling generator 205 then after heat exchange, brings the water back via the fluid branch 207 to 'at interchange 202.
- the installation includes a coupling circuit 300 by reinjection of heat into the tertiary circuit 10 of the reactor.
- This circuit 300 firstly comprises an intermediate heat exchanger 302 connected in a closed loop to a first reinjection tap made at point C between the low pressure heater 65 and the food tank 66, and to a second reinjection tap made at point D between condenser 7 and low pressure heater 65.
- the fluid branch 303 brings pressurized liquid water to the exchanger 302 and after exchange, the fluid branch 301 makes it possible to channel and transfer the pressurized liquid water to point C, which allows at least part of the excess calories from the EHT unit 100 to be reinjected into the Rankine conversion cycle 10 of the reactor.
- This circuit also includes an intermediate heat exchanger 305, called a coupling exchanger, connected on the one hand to a fluid branch 308 whose inlet at the withdrawal point G is connected to a supply of liquid water coming from the EHT unit 100 and the output is connected to at least one cooling circuit of the EHT unit 100.
- an intermediate heat exchanger 305 called a coupling exchanger
- This coupling exchanger 305 is connected in an intermediate closed loop to the heat exchanger 302, so as to evacuate at least partly the surplus heat from the high temperature electrolysis unit and reinject it into the tertiary circuit of the nuclear reactor.
- the liquid water coming from the EHT 100 unit is at a temperature at least equal to 80°C, advantageously between 85 and 95°C.
- a circulation pump 306 brings pressurized liquid water via the fluid branch 304 from the coupling exchanger 305 to the exchanger 302 then after heat exchange, brings the water back via the fluid branch 307 to 'at interchange 202.
- all of the fluidic branches 201, 203, 204, 207, 208 of circuit 200 and the fluidic branches 301, 303, 304, 307, 308 of circuit 300 each consisting of a cylindrical section pipe, preferably with metal walls, is insulated from the outside with high temperature insulation.
- the diameter of a pipe is calculated to allow all the thermal power to be evacuated with a maximum admissible limit flow speed of the heat transfer fluid, typically of the order of 1 to 10 m/s.
- the electrical network connected to alternator 9 aims to transport and distribute electricity to end users according to their needs. This is a high-voltage electrical network operating according to power demands linked to electricity uses, which must be able to accept the peak electrical power produced by the cogeneration installation.
- the alternator 9 can supply the electricity needs of the EHT unit 100, including the electrolyzers which require direct current, to implement high temperature electrolysis.
- the inventors have carried out a dimensioning of all the components of the cogeneration installation, with the characterization of each point of circuits 200, 300 in temperature and pressure. This dimensioning is established using software, used under the name CYCLOP, qualified by the applicant for the steady-state dimensioning of the thermodynamic conversion cycle.
- the CYCLOP software essentially makes it possible to model an energy conversion cycle, made up of different loops linked by thermal, mechanical or electrical exchanges.
- Each loop is made up of components (exchangers, pumps, turbines, etc.) connected to each other by fluid circulation.
- thermodynamic point of the complete cycle makes it possible to calculate each thermodynamic point of the complete cycle and to deduce the production of useful energy and therefore its efficiency.
- Each component is characterized by selected macroscopic quantities, but it is possible to connect this tool to finer presizing modules which make it possible to obtain finer characteristics of a given cycle.
- the software also makes it possible to optimize the efficiency of a cycle according to its free parameters (turbine pressure ratio, withdrawal pressures and flow rates, etc.), using deterministic optimization algorithms or genetics.
- the use of this software and its relevance are for example described in [6] or [7].
- the sizing can also be carried out using other commercial software, in particular that under the name THERMOFLEX®.
- a flow rate of approximately 300 kg/s was considered with thermal coupling of a PWR reactor producing approximately 540 MWth and 180 MWe and considering hydrogen production by the unit 100 of an equivalent electrical power.
- a flow rate of approximately 100 kg/s was considered with thermal coupling of a PWR reactor producing approximately 540 MWth and 180 MWe and considering hydrogen production by the unit 100 of an equivalent electrical power.
- the nuclear reactor is dedicated 100% to the production of hydrogen.
- the installation can be operated according to other choices with partial production at nominal regime, for example a reactor power dedicated to 50% to produce hydrogen and 50% to sell electricity to the network or in variable regime, for example reactor power making it possible to sell electricity from the reactor when the market price is high and produce hydrogen when the price is lower.
- the nuclear cogeneration installation which has just been described in relation to a pressurized water nuclear reactor can quite easily be implemented with all indirect thermodynamic cycle nuclear reactors, for which the heat production cycle is physically separated from the energy conversion cycle, such as a boiling water reactor, or a 4th Generation nuclear reactor.
- the invention can just as easily be applied to a boiling water reactor, the primary circuit 1 comprising the steam generator 3 as a first intermediate heat exchanger then being constituted by the boiling water reactor vessel from which the generated steam is directly sent into the high pressure turbine body 60, the water from the exchanger 64 then being injected as feed water to the reactor vessel.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2214108A FR3144385B1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 | Installation de cogénération électronucléaire à réacteur à eau légère (REL) et système(s) d’électrolyse de l’eau à haute température pour production d’hydrogène à partir de la chaleur du réacteur REL. |
| PCT/EP2023/087010 WO2024133496A1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2023-12-20 | Installation de cogénération électronucléaire à réacteur à eau légère (rel) et système(s) d'électrolyse de l'eau à haute température pour production d'hydrogène à partir de la chaleur du réacteur rel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4639585A1 true EP4639585A1 (fr) | 2025-10-29 |
Family
ID=86007432
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23836811.2A Pending EP4639585A1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2023-12-20 | Installation de cogénération électronucléaire à réacteur à eau légère (rel) et système(s) d'électrolyse de l'eau à haute température pour production d'hydrogène à partir de la chaleur du réacteur rel |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4639585A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3144385B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024133496A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3167245A1 (fr) * | 2024-10-04 | 2026-04-10 | Commissariat A L' Energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Installation de cogénération d’une centrale thermique à étages d’admission partielle de vapeur par secteurs angulaires en entrée des corps haute et basse pressions de la turbine du cycle de conversion d’énergie thermique en énergie électrique. |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN207603212U (zh) | 2017-05-28 | 2018-07-10 | 赫普热力发展有限公司 | 一种电解制氢与核电站灵活性调峰结合的系统 |
-
2022
- 2022-12-21 FR FR2214108A patent/FR3144385B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-12-20 WO PCT/EP2023/087010 patent/WO2024133496A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-12-20 EP EP23836811.2A patent/EP4639585A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024133496A1 (fr) | 2024-06-27 |
| FR3144385A1 (fr) | 2024-06-28 |
| FR3144385B1 (fr) | 2024-11-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP7446372B2 (ja) | 電解槽と結合された水素化物タンクを含む水の高温可逆電解用システム | |
| EP3502317B1 (fr) | Procede de fonctionnement en mode de demarrage ou en mode stand-by d'une unite power-to-gas comportant une pluralite de reacteurs d'electrolyse (soec) ou co-electrolyse a haute temprature | |
| EP3499626B1 (fr) | Systeme reversible de stockage et destockage d'electricite comprenant un convertisseur electrochimique (sofc/soec) couple a un systeme de stockage/destockage d'air comprime (caes) | |
| WO2013104667A1 (fr) | Installation d'electrolyse de vapeur d'eau a haute temperature (evht) a production allothermique d'hydrogene | |
| FR3033943A1 (fr) | Procede de gestion thermique d'un systeme pour la cogeneration d'electricite et de chaleur et systeme associe | |
| FR3128813A1 (fr) | Installation de cogénération électronucléaire à réacteur à eau légère (REL) et système de capture de CO2 atmosphérique, ou de dessalement d’eau de mer sans prélèvement ou rejet d’eau liquide dans l’environnement. | |
| EP4639585A1 (fr) | Installation de cogénération électronucléaire à réacteur à eau légère (rel) et système(s) d'électrolyse de l'eau à haute température pour production d'hydrogène à partir de la chaleur du réacteur rel | |
| JP2010280975A (ja) | 水電解システム及び水素利用システム | |
| FR3122670A1 (fr) | Système d’électrolyseur haute température à consommation énergétique optimisée | |
| FR3115796A1 (fr) | Système d’électrolyseur haute température optimisé par couplage à une pompe à chaleur | |
| EP4384654B1 (fr) | Système d'électrolyseur haute température optimisé par un module de récupération à circuit intermédiaire | |
| WO2025262308A1 (fr) | Installation de génération d'électricité comprenant une centrale thermique, notamment nucléaire, avec un système de conversion d'énergie thermique en énergie électrique (sce), et au moins une unité de production chimique exothermique dont au moins une partie de la chaleur fatale à haute température et/ou à basse température est réinjectée dans le système sce de l'installation. | |
| WO2023078825A1 (fr) | Installation de cogénération électronucléaire à réacteur avec cycle thermodynamique indirect sans prélèvement ou rejet d'eau liquide dans l'environnement. | |
| FR3141795A1 (fr) | Installation de cogénération électronucléaire à réacteur à eau légère (REL) et système(s) d’exploitation de chaleur, notamment système de capture de CO2 atmosphérique, ou de dessalement d’eau de mer sans prélèvement ou rejet d’eau liquide dans l’environnement. | |
| EP4237600B1 (fr) | Système d'électrolyseur haute température optimisé par dépression de l'alimentation en vapeur d'eau | |
| EP4237599B1 (fr) | Système d'électrolyseur haute température optimisé par augmentation de la pression en sortie de l'électrolyseur | |
| CA3037108C (fr) | Systeme d'electrolyse reversible de l'eau a haute temperature comportant un reservoir d'hydrures couple a l'electrolyseur | |
| KR100715222B1 (ko) | 수소를 이용한 원자력발전소의 에너지 저장시스템 | |
| EP4685815A1 (fr) | Installation de cogeneration electronucleaire a reacteur a eau legere (rel) a cycle de stockage thermique relie a un reseau de chaleur et agence en parallele thermique du cycle de conversion du reacteur | |
| FR3167245A1 (fr) | Installation de cogénération d’une centrale thermique à étages d’admission partielle de vapeur par secteurs angulaires en entrée des corps haute et basse pressions de la turbine du cycle de conversion d’énergie thermique en énergie électrique. | |
| FR3156974A1 (fr) | Procédé de configuration et de dimensionnement d’une installation de cogénération électronucléaire à réacteur nucléaire et système(s) d’exploitation de chaleur et de l’électricité produites par le réacteur. | |
| FR2876500A1 (fr) | Generateur d'electricite pour vehicule automobile |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20250620 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: G21D 9/00 20060101AFI20260324BHEP Ipc: C25B 1/02 20060101ALI20260324BHEP Ipc: C25B 1/042 20210101ALI20260324BHEP Ipc: C25B 15/021 20210101ALI20260324BHEP |