EP4639528A1 - Dispositif de lévitation acoustique - Google Patents
Dispositif de lévitation acoustiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4639528A1 EP4639528A1 EP23837991.1A EP23837991A EP4639528A1 EP 4639528 A1 EP4639528 A1 EP 4639528A1 EP 23837991 A EP23837991 A EP 23837991A EP 4639528 A1 EP4639528 A1 EP 4639528A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transmitters
- pair
- phase
- acoustic
- emitters
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K15/00—Acoustics not otherwise provided for
- G10K15/02—Synthesis of acoustic waves
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/10—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/205—Metals in liquid state, e.g. molten metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of levitation devices.
- the present invention relates, in particular, to a levitation device for the characterization of materials at high temperatures, typically temperatures above 800°C.
- a levitation device for the characterization of materials at high temperatures, typically temperatures above 800°C.
- the study of metals in the liquid state is a key stage of metallurgy.
- this step corresponds to the adjustment of the chemical composition of the alloy as well as the operations necessary to eliminate inclusionary defects, immiscible elements in the alloy which degrade its usage properties.
- thermo-physical properties at very high temperatures, as well as understanding the mechanisms of genesis of inclusionary defects. Furthermore, knowledge of thermophysical properties in the liquid state is particularly critical in additive metallurgy, whether to develop powders or at the heart of the 3D printing process.
- thermo-physical properties for example viscosity or surface tension, or even the reactive phenomena at the origin of the inclusions.
- levitation-fusion by induction it is generated by a vertical coil.
- the strong coupling between levitation and heating imposes a reduced heating temperature range.
- the induced forces generate internal flows detrimental to studies of molten metals. This technique is only applicable to metals.
- this technique requires adapting the coil to each type of material studied.
- An aim of the invention is, furthermore, to propose an acoustic levitation device:
- an acoustic levitation device comprising a set of ultrasonic emitters, called transmitters, arranged to each emit an acoustic wave focused in a center of the acoustic device, the set of emitters is arranged to obtain stationary acoustic waves whose intensity is maximum at the center of the levitation device.
- the levitation device includes two domes facing each other. Each dome includes:
- the stabilizers are arranged to form or comprise, preferably the emitters of each stabilizer are arranged to form, at least two pairs of emitters each comprising two subgroups of emitters located on either side of the median plane, a subgroup of transmitters of a couple belonging to the stabilizer of a dome is opposite the other subgroup of transmitters of the couple belonging to the stabilizer of the other dome, each subgroup of transmitters includes at least one transmitter.
- the emitters of the cap of each of the domes are arranged to emit an acoustic wave having a first frequency fi and the emitters of the stabilizer of each of the domes are arranged to emit an acoustic wave having a frequency f2 different from fi.
- the acoustic levitation device further comprises a control unit arranged so that the emitters of the cap of each of the domes are arranged to emit an acoustic wave having a first frequency fi and the emitters of the stabilizer of each of the domes domes are arranged to emit an acoustic wave having a frequency f2 different from fi.
- the two subgroups of transmitters of one of the pairs of transmitters are arranged to emit acoustic waves of which a phase differs from a phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the two subgroups of transmitters of at least minus one other of the couples.
- the control unit is further arranged so that a phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the two subgroups of transmitters of one of the pairs of transmitters differs from a phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the two subgroups of transmitters of at least one other of the pairs.
- the ultrasonic transmitters are piezoelectric transmitters.
- the center of the acoustic device is a geometric center of the levitation device.
- the center of the levitation device is intersected by the axis of maximum intensity of the acoustic wave emitted by each of the transmitters.
- the domes can be ovoid in shape, preferably spherical in shape.
- the concave part of one dome is located opposite the concave part of the other dome.
- the first and the second group of emitters of a dome constitute all of the emitters of the dome.
- each emitter of the first group of emitters of a dome is radially opposed to another emitter of the first group of emitters of the other dome.
- each emitter of the second group of emitters of a dome is radially opposed to another emitter of the second group of emitters of the other dome.
- the pole of a dome is, or constitutes, also a pole of the levitation device.
- the cap of a dome considered extends between the pole and the stabilizer of the dome considered in a direction extending from the pole of the dome considered towards the median plane.
- the axis connecting the pole of each of the domes is an axis of symmetry of the levitation device.
- the axis connecting the pole of each of the domes can be defined as the axis connecting the two poles of the levitation device.
- an object or sample to be analyzed is intended to levitate in the center of the levitation device.
- each dome comprises at least two subgroups of transmitters.
- the phase of the wave emitted by one of the pairs of transmitters differs from the phases of the standing waves emitted by each of the other pairs of transmitters.
- a pair of transmitters emits a standing wave having a phase different from a phase of a standing wave emitted by another of the pairs of transmitters.
- each pair of transmitters emits a standing wave having a different phase.
- the emitters of the stabilizer, and preferably the emitters of the cap, of each dome are distributed or extend over 360°.
- the stabilizer emitters, and preferably the cap emitters, of each dome are distributed or extend over the entire part of the dome formed by stabilizer.
- the emitters of the stabilizer of each dome form a slice or a portion of a sphere whose axis of revolution coincides with the axis of revolution of the levitation device.
- the first group of transmitters comprises at least two rows of transmitters.
- the second group of transmitters comprises at least one row of transmitters.
- a row is defined as a curved line or a ring.
- one row is parallel to another row.
- the rows are parallel to each other and/or parallel to the median plane.
- the levitation device comprises, more preferably the stabilizers comprise or are arranged to form, at least one pair of pairs of transmitters.
- Each pair of pairs of transmitters is arranged so that each subgroup of a pair of a pair of pairs considered is radially opposed to a subgroup of the other pair of the pair of pairs considered.
- the levitation device can include at least three couples.
- the levitation device comprises at least three couples and the control unit can be arranged so that a phase of the acoustic waves emitted by one of the couples is identical to a phase emitted by another of the couples.
- the levitation device may include at least two pairs of couples.
- the levitation device comprises at least two pairs of couples and the control unit can be arranged so that a phase of the acoustic waves emitted by two couples, preferably by the two couples of a pair of couples, is identical.
- control unit is arranged so that a phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the two couples of a pair of couples, preferably by each pair of couples, is different.
- control unit is arranged so that the acoustic waves emitted by the two couples of a pair of couples, preferably of each pair of couples, are in phase opposition.
- a sphere portion comprising the median plane and extending between the stabilizer of each of the domes is devoid of emitter, the sphere portion forms an annular opening offering access to the center of the levitation device.
- the sphere portion forms a row or, more preferably, a ring.
- access to the center of the device means access to the object intended to levitate.
- the annular opening extends over 360°, that is to say over the entire circumference of the levitation device.
- access to the center of the levitation device, from outside the levitation device is permitted from the entire periphery of the levitation device.
- access to the center of the levitation device, from outside the levitation device is provided at or around the median plane.
- the first group of transmitters of each dome is arranged so that the stationary acoustic waves generated levitate an object intended to levitate at the center of the levitation device.
- the second group of emitters of each dome is arranged so that the stationary acoustic waves generated laterally stabilize the object intended to levitate.
- laterally means a direction extending along an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution.
- control unit is arranged so that the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by a given pair of transmitters is greater or lower than the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by an adjacent pair of transmitters and/or consecutive, by rotation around or relative to the axis of revolution, to the given pair of transmitters.
- control unit arranged so that the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by a given pair of transmitters, or respectively a given pair of pairs of transmitters, is greater or less than the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by a pair of transmitters, or respectively a pair of couples of emitters, adjacent and/or consecutive, by rotation around or relative to the axis of revolution, to the given pair of emitters, or respectively to the pair of given pairs of emitters.
- pair of transmitters or respectively by pair of pairs of transmitters, adjacent and/or consecutive
- a pair of transmitters or respectively a pair of pairs of transmitters, which is adjacent and/or consecutive, by rotation around the axis of revolution in the clockwise or counterclockwise direction, to a given pair of transmitters, or respectively to a pair of pairs of transmitters given.
- the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the at least two pairs of transmitters increases or decreases by the same successive increment or by the same successive increment value of a pair of transmitters given to a pair of adjacent transmitters.
- the frequency fi is higher or lower than the frequency f2 by at least 5 kHz, more preferably by at least 10 kHz, more preferably by at least 15 kHz.
- an acoustic levitation process comprising the steps consisting of:
- the waves acoustics of frequency fi are emitted by a first group of ultrasonic transmitters forming a cap extending between a pole and a stabilizer of each of two domes, arranged opposite each other, an acoustic levitation device, the acoustic levitation device comprises a set of ultrasonic emitters, called emitters, arranged to emit an acoustic wave focused in a center of the acoustic device, the set of emitters is arranged to obtain stationary acoustic waves whose intensity is maximum at the center of the levitation device,
- the stabilizers form at least two pairs of transmitters located on either side of the median plane, a subgroup of transmitters of a pair belonging to the stabilizer of a dome is opposite the other subgroup of torque transmitters belonging to the stabilizer of the other dome.
- each transmitter subgroup comprises at least one transmitter.
- the method comprises the step consisting of, more preferably for each pair of pairs of transmitters, transmitting by a pair of transmitters of a pair of pairs of transmitters, acoustic waves whose phase is greater than or lower than the phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the other pair of the pair of pairs of transmitters.
- the method comprises the step of emitting, by a given pair of transmitters, or respectively by a pair of given pairs of transmitters, acoustic waves whose phase is greater or less than the phase of the acoustic waves emitted by a pair of transmitters, or respectively by a pair of pairs of transmitters, adjacent to and/or consecutive to the given pair of transmitters, or respectively to the given pair of couples.
- the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the at least two pairs of transmitters increases or decreases by the same successive increment or by the same successive increment value of a pair of transmitters given to a pair of adjacent transmitters.
- the method comprises the step consisting of, more preferably for each pair of transmitters, or respectively for each pair of pairs of transmitters, transmitting, by a pair of transmitters, or respectively by a pair of couples d transmitters, acoustic waves whose phase increases or decreases, preferably by successive increment, of a given pair of transmitters, or respectively of a pair of pairs of given transmitters, to pair of transmitters, or respectively to a pair of pairs of transmitters, adjacent.
- the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by a pair of transmitters, or respectively by the at least one pair of pairs of transmitters increases or decreases by the same successive increment or by the same successive increment value from a given pair of transmitters, or respectively from a given pair of pairs of transmitters, to an adjacent pair of transmitters, or respectively to a pair of pairs of transmitters.
- the method comprises the step of varying over time, by an identical or proportional gradient, the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by each of the pairs of transmitters so as to prevent rotation or to cause the controlled rotation or to prevent translation, along an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution, or to cause controlled translation, along an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution, of an object intended to levitate.
- the method comprises the step of varying over time, by an identical or proportional gradient, the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by each pair of transmitters or by each pair of pairs of transmitters of so as to prevent rotation or to cause controlled rotation or to prevent translation, along an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution, or to cause a controlled translation, along an axis perpendicular to the axis of revolution, of an object intended to levitate.
- the method comprises the step of applying an active rotation of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by each of the pairs of transmitters and/or by each of the pairs of pairs of transmitters, in clockwise or counterclockwise direction. , so as to prevent the rotation or to cause the controlled rotation of an object intended to levitate.
- the active rotation of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by each of the pairs of transmitters and/or, respectively, by each of the pairs of pairs of transmitters can be defined as a coordinated and/or synchronous and/or proportional variation of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the pairs of transmitters relative to each other and/or, respectively, by the pairs of pairs of transmitters relative to each other.
- the method comprises the step of introducing an offset between a value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by one of the pairs of transmitters of a pair of pairs relative to a value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the other couple of the pair of couples.
- the levitation device according to the invention is suitable, more preferably is particularly suitable, more preferably is designed and in a particularly advantageous manner is specially designed, to implement the levitation method according to the invention.
- any characteristic of the levitation device according to the invention can be directly transposed to the levitation method according to the invention and vice versa.
- FIGURE 1 is a schematic representation of a section in side view of an embodiment of the acoustic levitation device according to the invention
- FIGURE 2a is a schematic representation in side view of the caps of the acoustic levitation device according to the embodiment
- FIGURE 2b is a schematic representation in side view of the torques of the stabilizers of the acoustic levitation device according to the embodiment
- FIGURE 2c is a schematic representation in side view illustrating the caps and the torques of the stabilizers of the acoustic levitation device according to the embodiment
- FIGURE 2d is a schematic representation in top view illustrating a cap and the subgroups of a stabilizer of a dome of the acoustic levitation device according to the embodiment,
- FIGURE 3a is a side sectional view of an embodiment of the acoustic waves generated by the caps of the acoustic levitation device according to the embodiment,
- FIGURE 3b is a side sectional view of an embodiment of the acoustic waves generated by the stabilizers of the acoustic levitation device according to the embodiment,
- FIGURE 3c is a side sectional view of the embodiment of the acoustic waves generated by the acoustic levitation device according to the embodiment,
- FIG. 4 in FIGURE 4 are presented three cross-sectional images in top view, in the median plane, of the acoustic waves emitted, according to three distinct embodiments, by the stabilizers of the acoustic levitation device according to the embodiment,
- FIG. 5 in FIGURE 5 is presented, on the left, an image of a steel ball being melted and levitating in the acoustic levitation device with contribution from the stabilizers and, on the right, an image of the steel ball steel being melted and levitated in the acoustic levitation device without contribution from the stabilizers.
- variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described, isolated from the other characteristics described (even if this selection is isolated within a sentence including these other characteristics), if this selection of characteristics is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention compared to the state of the prior art.
- This selection includes at least one characteristic, preferably functional without structural details, or with only part of the structural details if this part only is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention compared to the state of the prior art. .
- the levitation device 1 comprises a set of ultrasonic transmitters 2, called transmitters 2.
- the transmitters 2 are arranged to each emit an acoustic wave focused at a center 3 of the acoustic device 1.
- the ultrasonic transmitters 2 used are manufactured by Manorshi® under the references MSO-P1640H12T and MSO-P1625H12T.
- the set of transmitters 2 is arranged to obtain stationary acoustic waves whose intensity is maximum at the center 3 of the levitation device 1.
- the embodiment presented is a non-limiting example of a possible arrangement of the transmitters 2.
- the acoustic levitation device 1 comprises fifty-eight emitters 2. Each emitter 2 of a dome 41, 42 is radially opposed to an emitter 2 different from the other dome 41, 42.
- the levitation device 1 comprises two domes 41, 42 facing each other.
- An axis of revolution 5 connects the poles 61, 62 of each of the domes 41, 42.
- a median plane 7 perpendicular to the axis of revolution 5 is located equidistant between the poles 61, 62.
- the domes 41, 42 are spherical.
- Each dome 41, 42 comprises a first group 411, 421 of emitters 2 forming a cap 81, 82 extending between a pole 61, 62 and a stabilizer 91, 92.
- the first group 411, 421 of each cap 81, 82 of each dome 41, 42 includes 54 transmitters.
- Each transmitter 2 of a cap 81, 82 of a dome 41, 42 is radially opposite to an emitter 2 different from the other cap 81, 82 of the other dome 41, 42.
- Each dome 41, 42 comprises a second group 412, 422 of emitters 2 forming the stabilizer 91, 92.
- the second group 412, 422 of emitters 2 extends between the cap 81, 82 of each dome 41, 42 and in direction of the median plane 7.
- the second group 412, 422 of emitters of each cap 81, 82 of each dome 41, 42 comprises 54 emitters.
- Each emitter 2 of a stabilizer 2 of a dome 41, 42 is radially opposite to an emitter 2 different from the other stabilizer 91, 92 of the other dome 41, 42.
- the emitters 2 of the first group 411, 421 line or form a paving of or are distributed over, more preferably in a regular or homogeneous manner, the whole of each cap 81, 82.
- the emitters 2 of the second group 412, 422 line or form a paving of or are distributed over, more preferably in a regular or homogeneous manner, all of each stabilizer 91, 92.
- the first group 411, 421 of emitters 2 of each dome 41, 42 comprises six rings of emitters 2, one center of which coincides with the axis of revolution 5.
- the second group 412, 422 of transmitters 2 comprises two rings of transmitters 2, one center of which coincides with the axis of revolution 5.
- the center 3 of the acoustic levitation device 1 is located at a distance of approximately eight centimeters (cm) from the transmitters 2.
- the acoustic levitation device 1 according to the embodiment is arranged for samples whose size is between one and three millimeters (mm). Any type of sample, and in particular high density samples, for example Platinum with a density of 21.5, could be levitated in a controlled manner with the acoustic levitation device 1 according to the invention.
- the levitation device 1 comprises a volume or a space zone 10, extending between the two domes 41, 42, devoid of emitters 2.
- the space zone 10 constitutes a portion of a sphere 10 or a ring 10.
- the sphere portion 10 comprises the median plane 7.
- the sphere portion 10 extends between the two stabilizers 91, 92.
- the sphere portion 10 is devoid of any solid element or solid part.
- the sphere portion 10 constitutes or forms an annular opening 10 offering 360° access to the center 3 of the levitation device 1. in this way, access to the center 3 of the levitation device 1 is possible over the entire perimeter of the levitation device 1.
- the acoustic device 1 is intended to be powered by one or more power supplies without the latter necessarily forming an integral part of the invention.
- the caps 81, 82 are intended to be powered by a power supply separate from the power supply intended to power the stabilizers 91, 92.
- the acoustic levitation device 1 may include a control unit and/or or a processing unit without the latter necessarily being an integral part of the invention.
- the control unit can be arranged, among other things, to control and/or modulate the output parameters, for example a voltage and/or a frequency and/or a phase and/or a power of a signal intended to power a or transmitters 2, the power supply(s).
- the control unit may be or may include a microcontroller.
- Object levitation under the effect of acoustic waves reveals instabilities and disturbances inherent to the process of levitation by acoustic waves, in particular due to the geometric irregularities of the sample. Furthermore, under certain experimental conditions for studying the sample, in particular when it is heated or a fortiori melted, additional instabilities, such as for example hot gas flows and geometric deformation of the sample , appear. To compensate for these instabilities and disturbances, the emitters 2 of the cap 81, 82 of each of the domes 41, 42 emit an acoustic wave having a first frequency fi and the emitters 2 of the stabilizer 91, 92 of each of the domes 41, 42 emit a acoustic wave presenting a frequency f2 different from fi.
- the acoustic waves emitted by the caps 81, 82 have the same frequency fl which is 40 kHz and the acoustic waves emitted by the stabilizers 91, 92 have the same frequency f2 which is 25 kHz.
- This characteristic makes it possible to avoid the coupling between the acoustic waves emitted by the caps 81, 82 and the acoustic waves emitted by the stabilizers 91, 92.
- this characteristic makes it possible to decorrelate the effect of the caps 81, 82 from the effect stabilizers 91, 92.
- This absence of coupling allows the arrangement of the caps 81, 82 to have the effect of levitating the object by countering gravity.
- the levitation of a liquid object under the effect of acoustic waves also causes a vertical crushing or flattening of the sample under the effect of its own weight and under the effect of acoustic waves, countering the effect gravity, ensuring levitation of the sample.
- This effect is inherent to state-of-the-art acoustic levitation devices.
- the characteristic of the levitation device 1 according to which the emitters 2 of the cap 81, 82 of each of the domes 41, 42 emit an acoustic wave which has a frequency fi different from a frequency f2 of a wave emitted by the emitters 2 of the stabilizer 91, 92 also makes it possible to compensate for this effect of crushing the poles of the levitating sample.
- the transmitters 2 of the second group 412, 422 of transmitters of each dome 41, 42 are arranged so that the stabilizers 91, 92 form at least two pairs of transmitters 2.
- the use of two pairs of The transmitters will allow it to act on two lateral directions, preferably perpendicular.
- the use of three pairs of transmitters will make it possible to act on three lateral directions, preferably forming an angle of 120° between them.
- the stabilizers 91, 92 form six pairs 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 of transmitters 2 according to the non-limiting embodiment.
- Two pairs of transmitters 2 are enough to obtain the minimum expected effect of controlled lateral stabilization.
- Six pairs 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 of emitters 2 allow better lateral control of the sample and offer a good compromise between control of lateral stabilization and complexity of the electronics required for control of emitters 2 pairs 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98.
- Each pair 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 of transmitters 2 is formed by two subgroups 931, 932, 941, 942, 951, 952, 961, 962, 971, 972, 981, 982 of transmitters 2 facing the second groups 412, 422 of transmitters.
- Each pair 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 of transmitters comprises a subgroup 931, 941, 951, 961, 971, 981 of transmitters 2 of the stabilizer 91 of the dome 41 and a subgroup 932, 942, 952, 962, 972, 982 of transmitters 2 of the stabilizer 92 of the dome 42.
- the two subgroups 931, 932, 941, 942, 951, 952, 961, 962, 971, 972, 981 and 982 of transmitters 2 of a pair 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 of transmitters 2 are located on either side of the median plane.
- a subgroup 931, 932, 941, 942, 951 of transmitters 2 of a pair 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 belongs to the stabilizer 91 of a dome 41 and is opposite the other subgroup 932, 942, 952, 962, 972, 982 of transmitters 2 of the pair 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 which belongs to the stabilizer 92 of the other dome 92.
- the stabilizers 91, 92 are arranged to form at least one pair of pairs of emitters 2.
- the stabilizers 91, 92 form six pairs 93 to 98 of emitters 2
- the stabilizers 91 , 92 are arranged, in addition, to form three pairs 93-96, 94-97 and 95-98 of pairs of emitters 2.
- Each pair 93-96, 94-97, 95-98 of pairs is arranged so that each subgroup 931 to 981 of a couple 93 to 98 of a pair 93-96, 94-97, 95-98 of couples considered is located opposite a subgroup 932 to 982 of the other couple 93 to 98 of the pair of couples considered.
- the subgroup 931, which is included in the stabilizer 91, of the couple 93 is radially opposite to the subgroup 962, which is included in the stabilizer 91.
- the stabilizer 92, of the couple 96 and the subgroup 961, which is included in the stabilizer 91, of the couple 96 is radially opposite to the subgroup 932, which is included in the stabilizer 92, of the couple 93.
- the subgroup 941, which is included in the stabilizer 91, of the couple 94 is radially opposite to the subgroup 972, which is included in the stabilizer 92, of the couple 97 and the subgroup 971, which is included in the stabilizer 91, of the couple 97 is radially opposite to the subgroup 942, which is included in the stabilizer 92, of the couple 94.
- the subgroup 951, which is included in the stabilizer 91, of the couple 95 is radially opposite to the subgroup 982, which is included in the stabilizer 92, of the couple 98 and the subgroup 981, which is included in the stabilizer 91, of the couple 98 is radially opposite to the sub -group 952, which is included in the stabilizer 92, of the couple 95.
- the arrangement of the couples 93 to 98 makes it possible to stabilize laterally, that is to say perpendicular to the axis of revolution, and in a controlled manner, the object in levitation by acting on the levitating object in several lateral directions independently. It should be noted that this effect is made possible due to the absence of coupling between the acoustic waves emitted by the emitters 2 of the caps 81, 82 and the acoustic waves emitted by the emitters 2 of the stabilizers 91, 92.
- the pair 93-96 of couples 93, 96 considered independently of the other pairs 94-97, 95-98 of couples 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, makes it possible to stabilize the levitating object laterally by acting on the object levitating in the first lateral direction included in the plane of FIGURE 1, 2a, 2b and 2c, comprising the center 3 of the device 1, perpendicular to the axis of revolution 8 and included in the median plane 7.
- the use of the pair 93-96 of pairs of transmitters 2, considered independently of the other pairs 94-97, 95-98 of pairs makes it possible to further improve the lateral stabilization of the levitating object. by acting on the levitating object in the first lateral direction.
- a phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the transmitters 2 of the subgroups 931 and 932 of the pair 93 is identical and a phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the transmitters 2 of the subgroups 961 and 962 of the pair 96 is identical.
- the description given in this paragraph can be transposed to other pairs 94-97, 95-98 of pairs of transmitters 2 and to the respective lateral stabilization directions.
- a phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the transmitters 2 of the two subgroups 931-932, 941-942, 951-952, 961-962, 971-972 and 981-982 of each of the couples 93 is identical.
- lateral stabilization is improved by regionalizing the control of acoustic waves emitted by subgroups of transmitters 931-932, 941-942, 951-952, 961-962, 971-972 and 981-982 within each of the couples 93-98.
- the arrangement of the couples 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 also allows the object intended to levitate to be translated laterally.
- an offset is introduced, within the pair 93-96 of couples, between the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the subgroup 931 of transmitters 2 and the subgroup 962 of transmitters 2 and/or to introduce an offset between the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the subgroup 961 of transmitters 2 and the subgroup 932 of transmitters 2.
- phase shift preferably identical, between the acoustic waves emitted by each of the four subgroups 931-962/932-961, 941-972/942-971 and 951-982/952-981 of transmitters 2 of the two pairs 93 and 96, 94 and 97, 95 and 98, of each pair 93-96, 94-97, 95-98 of couples.
- a phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the transmitters 2 of the same pair 93, 96, 94, 97, 95 and 98 of transmitters are identical and in phase opposition with the phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the other pair 96, 93, 97, 94, 98 of the pair 93-96, 94-97 and 95-98 of pairs.
- the acoustic levitation device 1 according to the embodiment makes it possible to manipulate an object without direct contact with the object.
- the phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the subgroups 931, 932 of transmitters 2 differs from the phase of the acoustic waves emitted by at least one other subgroup 941, 942, 951, 952, 961, 962, 971, 972, 981, 982 of transmitters 2 of at least one other of the pairs 94, 95, 96, 97, 98.
- the phase of the acoustic waves emitted by the pairs 93 and 96 of couples is identical and differs from the phase of the waves acoustics emitted by at least one of the other two of the pairs 94-97 and 95-98.
- each pair 93, 94 and 95 of a pair of pairs 93-96, 94,-97 and 95-98 emits an acoustic wave in phase opposition with the other couples 96, 97 and 98 of the pair of couples considered.
- This characteristic also makes it possible to stabilize the object laterally, that is to say perpendicular to the axis of revolution, even further by countering the instabilities and disturbances inherent in the process of levitation by acoustic waves of an object intended to levitate.
- gas recirculations occur which disrupt the ultrasound on the scale of the entire levitation device.
- Such a levitation device 1 therefore makes it possible to completely manipulate an object without direct contact with the object. It is thus possible to position the object, that is to say to orient it, rotate it and/or translate it, to allow its observation and/or analysis and/or to subject it to treatment. local without resorting to direct interaction with the latter.
- the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by at least one pair 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 of transmitters 2 considered should be greater than or less than the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by a pair 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 of transmitters 2 which is adjacent, by rotation relative to the axis of revolution 5, to the pair of transmitters considered.
- the two pairs 93-96, 94,-97 and 95-98 of a pair of pairs emit acoustic waves in phase opposition and each of the pairs 93-96, 94,-97 and 95-98 of pairs of transmitters 2 emits an acoustic wave whose phase is greater or lower than the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the pair of pairs of transmitters 2 which is adjacent to it, by rotation clockwise or counterclockwise relative to the axis of revolution 5.
- introducing a phase difference between the acoustic wave emitted by at least one pair 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 of transmitters 2 and the other pairs of transmitters makes it possible to rotate an object intended to levitate by dynamically varying, by controlled rotation, the phase difference of the acoustic waves emitted from one couple to an adjacent couple, by rotation relative to the axis of revolution 5.
- the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by couples 931 and 932 at time t becomes the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by couples 941 and 942 at time t+At
- the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the couples 941 and 942 at time t becomes the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by couples 951 and 952 at time t+At
- the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by couples 951 and 952 at time t becomes the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by couples 961 and 962 at time t+At
- the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by couples 961 and 962 at time t becomes the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by couples 971 and 972 at time t+At
- the two couples 93-96, 94,-97 and 95-98 of a pair of couples emit acoustic waves in opposition to phase and the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the pair of couples 93-96 at time t becomes the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the pair of couples 94-97 at time t+At, the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the pair of couples 94-97 at time t becomes the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the pair of couples 95-98 at time t+At and the value of the phase of the wave acoustic wave emitted by the pair of couples 95-98 at time t becomes the value of the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by the pair of couples 93-96 at time t+At.
- the value of the phases of the acoustic waves emitted by each of the pairs 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 and 98 can also vary and/or be modulated during the controlled rotation of the phase of the acoustic waves.
- the angular rotation speed of the phase of the acoustic waves can also vary and/or be modulated during this controlled rotation.
- the pairs 93-96, 94,-97 and 95-98 of a pair of couples emit acoustic waves in opposition to phase and the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by each of the pairs 93-96, 94,-97 and 95-98 of pairs of emitters 2 increases or decreases by successive increments from a pair 93-96, 94,-97 and 95-98 of pairs of emitters 2 to a pair of pairs 93-96, 94,-97 and 95-98 of emitters 2 adjacent by rotation relative to the axis of revolution 5.
- FIGURES 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate images of the acoustic waves generated by the stabilizer 91, 92 taken in the plane perpendicular to the median plane 7 and which includes the axis of revolution 5. On the abscissa axis and on the axis from the ordinates the distance is reported in meters.
- the acoustic waves emitted by the emitters 2 of the caps 81, 82 and the acoustic waves emitted by the emitters 2 of the stabilizers 91, 92 are obtained with a reference emission intensity.
- FIGURE 3a shows an image of the acoustic waves generated by the caps 81, 82 of the acoustic levitation device 1 according to the embodiment.
- FIGURE 3b shows an image of the acoustic waves generated by the stabilizers 91, 92 of the acoustic levitation device 1 according to the embodiment.
- FIGURE 3c shows an image of the acoustic waves generated simultaneously by the caps 81, 82 and the stabilizers 91, 92 of the acoustic levitation device laccording to the embodiment.
- FIGURE 4 the effect linked to the use of pairs of transmitters 2 for each stabilizer 91, 92 is illustrated.
- the effect of the use of six pairs 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 of emitters 2, that is to say six subgroups 931, 941, 951, 961, 971, 981 of emitters 2 for the stabilizer 91 and six subgroups of transmitters 932, 942, 952, 962, 972, 982 for the stabilizer 92 are presented.
- Each pair 93-96, 94-97 and 95-98 of couples emits acoustic waves in phase opposition.
- the images in FIGURE 4 are taken in the median plane 7.
- the acoustic waves emitted by the emitters 2 of the caps 81, 82 and the acoustic waves emitted by the emitters 2 of the stabilizers 91, 92 are obtained with an emission intensity of reference.
- the distance in meters is plotted on the x-axis and on the y-axis.
- FIGURE 4 is illustrated the case where a phase shift of the acoustic wave is introduced between the adjacent pairs 93, 94 and 95 of neighboring emitters 2 of a value of n (image 4a), of a value of n/3 (image 4b) and a value of 0 (image 4c).
- couples 96, 97 and 98 are in phase opposition respectively with couples 93, 94 and 95.
- the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by subgroups 931, 932, 961 and 962 is greater, or respectively lower, by a value of n/6 to the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by subgroups 941, 942, 971 and 972, the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by subgroups 941, 942 , 971 and 972 is greater, or respectively less, by a value of n/3 than the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by subgroups 951, 952, 981 and 982 and the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by subgroups 951, 952, 981 and 982 is greater, or respectively lower, by a value of n/3 than the phase of the acoustic wave emitted by subgroups 931, 932, 961 and 962.
- This mode embodiment generates the creation of a potential barrier 11 totally confining the sample to
- FIGURE 4 On the left image of FIGURE 4 (image 4a) is illustrated the case where a phase shift of the acoustic wave of n is introduced between pairs 93-96, 94,-97 and 95-98 of pairs of 2 neighbor transmitters.
- This embodiment results in the creation of small flow channels 12, with a width of around 1 to 2 mm.
- the size of the flow channels 12 is sufficient so that gases can flow out of the center 3 but sufficiently small so as not to impact the stabilization of the levitating object.
- This embodiment is particularly suitable, among other things, in the case where hot gases are present or generated, for example by heating, at the level of the center 3 of the levitation device 1 and therefore at the level of the levitating sample.
- the annular opening 10 has the effect of ensuring the evacuation of gases, in particular gases flowing through the flow channels 12, out of the levitation device 1. Furthermore, even in the presence of these flow channels 12, it was observed that the configuration of the acoustic field obtained as illustrated in image 4c of FIGURE 4, makes it possible to maintain a restoring force of the sample in the levitation zone in an almost isotropic in the horizontal plane and therefore obtain good horizontal stabilization of the sample.
- FIGURE 4 The results in FIGURE 4 are only three non-limiting examples and a wide choice of phase shift values of the acoustic wave couples 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 of 2 neighbor emitters or between pairs 93-96, 94,-97 and 95-98 of pairs of 2 neighbor emitters is possible. Thus, numerous acoustic field configurations are available depending on the intended application.
- the emission by at least part of the couples 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98 preferably by each couple 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, of an acoustic wave having a phase which increases or decreases, in particular by continuous successive increment, from a given pair of transmitters to a neighboring or adjacent pair of transmitters 93, 94, 95, 96 , 97, 98, by rotation relative to the axis of revolution 5, makes it possible to adapt to experimental needs.
- the distance B separating the maximum lateral movements of the steel ball 14 observed without contribution from the stabilizers 91, 92 is 128 pixels, which approximately corresponds to a lateral movement of 2.6 mm.
- the distance C separating the maximum lateral movements of the steel ball 14 observed with the contribution of the stabilizers 91, 92 and for a voltage applied to emitters 2 of 12 Volts is 56 pixels, which approximately corresponds to a lateral movement of 1.2 mm. It is therefore possible to obtain a minimum lateral stabilization gain of 2.3 with the levitation device 1 according to the embodiment.
- the acoustic levitation method according to the invention comprises the step of delivering a sinusoidal power supply signal, centered on, or delivering at, the resonance frequency of the transmitters 2.
- the power supply of the transmitters of the State-of-the-art devices are provided by square waves. These square waves do not precisely correspond to the resonance frequency of emitters and involve heat dissipation due to the partial conversion of the injected power. Heat dissipation induces a reduction in the conversion efficiency of the power supplied. This heat dissipation also leads to heating of the transmitters and, consequently, to a shift in the resonance frequency of the acoustic transmitters. This shift in the resonance frequency induces an additional reduction in efficiency which adds to the previous one.
- powering the emitters 2 with a sinusoidal signal makes it possible to avoid heat dissipation and, consequently, the shift in the resonant frequency of the emitters 2, and contributes to improving the stabilization of the sample provided by the levitation device 1 according to the invention.
- supplying the emitters 2 with a sinusoidal signal also makes it possible to increase the duration of levitation of dense samples, for example metals, at high temperatures. Indeed, these experimental conditions require that the transmitters 2 operate at a higher power (typically a power higher than 30% of the nominal power) to compensate for the additional instabilities.
- powering the transmitters 2 with a sinusoidal signal also makes it possible to limit wear (or increase the lifespan) of the transmitters 2.
- the transmitters 2 of the device 1 according to the invention are intended to be powered by an operational amplifier, denoted AOP, of power.
- the device 1 comprises an AOP arranged to power the transmitters 2.
- the AOP is arranged to deliver a sinusoidal wave.
- the AOP is arranged to operate in linear mode.
- the AOP is intended to be powered, and it is advantageously powered, by a symmetrical power supply.
- the symmetrical power supply operates in continuous mode.
- the balanced power supply provides two opposing voltage outputs as well as a common ground output at zero potential.
- the output of the AOP is controlled by a low power signal from a low frequency generator (GBF). This signal has a sinusoidal shape, controlled in frequency and amplitude.
- the power inputs of the AOP are connected to the outputs of the balanced power supply.
- the transmitters 2 of the device 1 according to the invention are intended to be powered by a power supply device, called modular, comprising an electronic circuit with H-bridge transistors coupled to one or more RLC circuits, acting as electronic filters.
- the RLC circuit(s) are arranged to convert the square signal delivered by the electronic H-bridge circuit into a sinusoidal power signal.
- the device 1 comprises the modular power supply device.
- This embodiment also provides better control of the waveforms delivered at the output of the power supply device, for example by controlling the control of the H-bridges, for example by means of a microcontroller.
- the AOP supplies the transmitters 2 of the device 1 with, or delivers, a sinusoidal power signal, centered on, or delivering at, the resonance frequency of the transmitters 2.
- This embodiment makes it possible to avoid losses and heating induced by electronic H-bridge structures with transistors delivering a square signal.
- the use of the AOP according to the embodiment also makes it possible to limit the wear of the emitters 2 of the device 1 according to the invention by limiting the wear of the emitters 2 (or increasing the lifespan) induced by heating and mechanical stresses outside the operating range of the transmitters 2.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2214112A FR3144022A1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 | Dispositif de lévitation acoustique |
| PCT/EP2023/087163 WO2024133609A1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2023-12-21 | Dispositif de lévitation acoustique |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4639528A1 true EP4639528A1 (fr) | 2025-10-29 |
Family
ID=88778146
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23837991.1A Pending EP4639528A1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2023-12-21 | Dispositif de lévitation acoustique |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4639528A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3144022A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024133609A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4777823A (en) * | 1987-08-20 | 1988-10-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Controlled sample orientation and rotation in an acoustic levitator |
-
2022
- 2022-12-21 FR FR2214112A patent/FR3144022A1/fr active Pending
-
2023
- 2023-12-21 EP EP23837991.1A patent/EP4639528A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-12-21 WO PCT/EP2023/087163 patent/WO2024133609A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| ROTHLISBERGER MARC ET AL: "Kilohertz-Frequency Rotation of Acoustically Levitated Particles", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL, vol. 69, no. 4, 4 February 2022 (2022-02-04), USA, pages 1528 - 1534, XP093408066, ISSN: 0885-3010, DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3149131 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024133609A1 (fr) | 2024-06-27 |
| FR3144022A1 (fr) | 2024-06-28 |
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