EP4638649A1 - Procede de traitement d'huiles de pyrolyse de plastiques et/ou de pneus incluant l'elimination des halogenures avant une etape d'hydrotraitement - Google Patents
Procede de traitement d'huiles de pyrolyse de plastiques et/ou de pneus incluant l'elimination des halogenures avant une etape d'hydrotraitementInfo
- Publication number
- EP4638649A1 EP4638649A1 EP23817688.7A EP23817688A EP4638649A1 EP 4638649 A1 EP4638649 A1 EP 4638649A1 EP 23817688 A EP23817688 A EP 23817688A EP 4638649 A1 EP4638649 A1 EP 4638649A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- effluent
- weight
- temperature
- hydrocracking
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/002—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal in combination with oil conversion- or refining processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
- C10G31/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by treating with water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/02—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing
- C10G45/04—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/06—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/08—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to eliminate hetero atoms without changing the skeleton of the hydrocarbon involved and without cracking into lower boiling hydrocarbons; Hydrofinishing characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum, or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/32—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds
- C10G45/34—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G45/36—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof
- C10G45/38—Selective hydrogenation of the diolefin or acetylene compounds characterised by the catalyst used containing nickel or cobalt metal, or compounds thereof in combination with chromium, molybdenum or tungsten metals, or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
- C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
- C10G47/14—Inorganic carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
- C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
- C10G47/16—Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers
- C10G47/18—Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers the catalyst containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/04—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps
- C10G65/06—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including only refining steps at least one step being a selective hydrogenation of the diolefins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G69/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process
- C10G69/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only
- C10G69/06—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one other conversion process plural serial stages only including at least one step of thermal cracking in the absence of hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
- C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
- C10G2300/201—Impurities
- C10G2300/202—Heteroatoms content, i.e. S, N, O, P
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/40—Characteristics of the process deviating from typical ways of processing
- C10G2300/4081—Recycling aspects
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/02—Gasoline
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/06—Gasoil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/08—Jet fuel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for treating a pyrolysis oil of plastics and/or tires in order to obtain a hydrocarbon effluent which can be valorized in a gasoline, jet or diesel fuel storage unit or as a charge for a steam cracking unit. More particularly, the present invention relates to a process for treating a feedstock resulting from the pyrolysis of plastic or tire waste in order to eliminate at least partly impurities, and in particular halides, between two catalytic stages using hydrogen. .
- Plastic waste is generally mixtures of several polymers, for example mixtures of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene.
- plastics may contain, in addition to polymers, other compounds, such as plasticizers, pigments, dyes or even residues of polymerization catalysts.
- Plastic waste may also contain, in a minority, biomass from, for example, household waste.
- tires they are mainly made up of gums for their elastic property (mixture of elastomers such as crosslinked natural and synthetic rubbers, with added adjuvants such as silica, resin, sulfur, zinc oxide, carbon black, etc.) and textile and metal fibers for their reinforcing properties.
- gums for their elastic property (mixture of elastomers such as crosslinked natural and synthetic rubbers, with added adjuvants such as silica, resin, sulfur, zinc oxide, carbon black, etc.) and textile and metal fibers for their reinforcing properties.
- Plastics from collection and sorting channels or recycled tires can undergo a pyrolysis stage in order to obtain, among other things, pyrolysis oils.
- oils generally include a lot of impurities, in particular halogenated compounds, in particular compounds based on chlorine, but also diolefins, olefins, metals, in particular iron, silicon, or even heteroelements such as sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen, and insolubles.
- plastic and/or tire pyrolysis oils are generally burned to generate electricity and/or used as fuel in industrial or district heating boilers.
- Another way of valorizing plastic and/or tire pyrolysis oils is the use of these pyrolysis oils as feedstock for a steam cracking unit in order to (re)create olefins, the latter being constituent monomers. of certain polymers.
- Plastic and/or tire pyrolysis oils can also be used as gasoline, jet or diesel fuels.
- plastic and/or tire pyrolysis oils have impurities at often high levels and are incompatible with direct storage in a fuel storage unit or with steam cracking units or units located downstream of steam cracking units. , in particular polymerization processes and selective hydrogenation processes. These impurities can generate operability problems and in particular corrosion problems (in particular due to the presence of chlorine), coking or catalytic deactivation, or even incompatibility problems in the uses of the target polymers.
- the presence of diolefins can also lead to problems of instability of the pyrolysis oil characterized by the formation of gums. Gums and insolubles possibly present in the pyrolysis oil can cause clogging problems in the processes.
- H DT hydrotreatment
- ammonium chloride salts which form by reaction between chloride ions, released by hydrodechlorination in the form of HCl and ammonium ions, generated by the hydrogenation of nitrogen compounds (hydrodenitrogenation) in the form of NH3 during a hydrogenation and/or hydrotreatment step. It is known that these ammonium chloride salts precipitate at a relatively low temperature (eg less than 280°C) which creates blockage problems particularly in transfer lines and/or in sections of a process in process. downstream of hydrogenation/hydrotreatment. Processes for eliminating chlorine by hydrotreatment in a pyrolysis oil are for example known from documents: WO20020769, WO20016400, WO20239729, WO2 1105326 or even WO16142809.
- Document WO16142809 describes in particular a process including a pyrolysis step, a hydrotreatment step, a gas separation step (C1 to C4 containing H2S and HCl) and a C5+ liquid, a liquid dechlorination step C5+ by adsorption or a second hydrotreatment step, possibly another step of separation of gases containing HCI, then a steam cracking step.
- Unpublished patent application FR 21/12,908 describes a process for treating a plastic pyrolysis oil, comprising: a) a step of hydrogenating the feed mixed with at least part of a liquid effluent from the separation step c) and hydrogen, b) a step of hydrotreatment of the effluent resulting from step a) in the presence of hydrogen, c) a separation step, supplied by the effluent resulting of step b), said step being carried out at a temperature between 200 and 450°C and at a pressure substantially identical to the pressure of step b) to obtain at least a first gaseous effluent, and a liquid effluent of which a part is recycled upstream of step a), d) a separation step, supplied by the first gaseous effluent and another part of the liquid effluent from step c) and an aqueous solution, said step being carried out at a temperature between 20 and less than 200°C, and at a pressure substantially identical to or lower than the pressure
- One of the objectives of application FR 21/12.908 is to eliminate, by the combination of step c) of hot separation followed by step d) of cold separation/washing, chlorine in the form of chloride salts ammonium.
- Chloride ions, released by the hydrogenation of chlorinated compounds in the form of HCl during steps a) and b) (hydrodechlorination) and the ammonia generated by the hydrogenation of nitrogen compounds in the form of NH3 during step b) in particular (hydrodenitrogenation) leave largely in the gaseous effluent thanks to the hot separation from step c).
- this separation step c) avoids the precipitation of ammonium chloride salt which is formed by reaction between the chloride ions and the ammonium ions.
- the separation at a lower temperature in step d) of the gaseous effluent and part of the liquid effluent causes these ammonium chloride salts to precipitate. Washing with water in this step d) makes it possible to dissolve these salts in the aqueous effluent. We thus obtain a hydrocarbon effluent free of chlorine.
- the present invention provides an improvement of the process according to FR 21/12.908 by proposing the elimination of chlorine not after step b) of hydrotreatment, but by a combination of a hot separation before step b) of hydrotreatment coupled with hot separation and cold separation with washing after hydrotreatment.
- the present invention proposes to eliminate the chlorine before the hydrotreatment step.
- the invention relates to a process for treating a charge comprising a pyrolysis oil for plastics and/or tires comprising halogenated compounds, said process comprising: a) a hydrogenation step implemented in a reaction section hydrogenation, using at least one fixed bed reactor having n catalytic beds, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1, each comprising at least one hydrogenation catalyst, said hydrogenation reaction section being supplied at least by said feed optionally mixed with at least part of the second liquid effluent from separation step d) and a first gas stream comprising hydrogen, said hydrogenation reaction section being carried out at an average temperature between 140 and 400°C, a partial pressure of hydrogen between 1.0 and 10.0 MPa abs.
- a separation step supplied by the hydrogenated effluent from step a), said step being carried out at a temperature higher than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides and at a pressure substantially identical to the pressure of step a) to obtain at least a first gaseous effluent and a first liquid effluent
- a hydrotreatment step implemented implemented in a hydrotreatment reaction section, implementing at least one fixed bed reactor having n catalytic beds, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1, each comprising at least one hydrotreatment catalyst, said reaction section of hydrotreatment being supplied at least by said first liquid effluent from step b), and a second gas stream comprising hydrogen, said hydrotreatment reaction section being carried out at an average temperature between 250 and 430°C, a partial pressure of hydrogen between 1.0 and 10.0 MPa abs.
- a separation step supplied by the hydrotreated effluent from step c), said step being carried out at a temperature higher than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides and at a pressure substantially identical to the pressure of step c) to obtain at least a second gaseous effluent and a second liquid effluent, part of which is optionally recycled upstream of the step a), e) a separation step, supplied by the first and second gaseous effluent and at least part of the second liquid effluent from step d) and an aqueous solution, said step being carried out at a lower temperature at the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides and at a pressure substantially identical to or lower than the pressure of step d), to obtain at least a third gaseous effluent, an aqueous effluent and a hydrocarbon effluent, f) optionally
- Hot separation step b), that is to say at a temperature higher than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides, makes it possible to keep the ammonia and the halides in the gas phase and to obtain an essentially liquid effluent. freed from halogenated compounds which is sent to the hydrotreatment step in order to remove the remaining impurities without observing the deposition of halogenated compounds on the catalyst.
- the hydrotreated effluent is then subjected again to a hot separation step (step d)), that is to say at a temperature higher than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides, which makes it possible to keep the contaminants (NH 3 from HDN hydrodenitrogenation, H 2 S from HDS hydrodesulfurization, etc.) in the gas phase and to obtain a liquid hydrocarbon effluent free of these contaminants.
- a hot separation step that is to say at a temperature higher than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides, which makes it possible to keep the contaminants (NH 3 from HDN hydrodenitrogenation, H 2 S from HDS hydrodesulfurization, etc.) in the gas phase and to obtain a liquid hydrocarbon effluent free of these contaminants.
- the gaseous effluents resulting from the first and second hot separation (steps b) and d)) are then subjected to cold separation.
- Cold separation (step e) that is to say at a temperature lower than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides and in the presence of an aqueous solution, causes these ammonium halide salts to precipitate while by dissolving them in water.
- cycle duration we mean the duration of use of the catalyst without replacement of the catalyst being necessary.
- the contaminants which are conventionally eliminated during hydrotreatment can therefore still be contained in this first gaseous effluent.
- Mixing the gaseous effluents, the first gaseous effluent from step b) (non-hydrotreated) and the second gaseous effluent from step d) (hydrotreated) with the second liquid effluent from step d) allows to achieve by dilution the specifications required for the use of pyrolysis oil in upstream units, for example in a steam cracking unit.
- the process according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for “heavy” pyrolysis oil loads, that is to say comprising mainly a heavy fraction (middle distillate cut).
- step b) bypasses hydrotreatment step c) makes it possible to reduce the size of the reactor of the hydrotreatment step and therefore save on the need for catalyst and equipment.
- Carrying out step e) of cold separation on the gaseous effluent(s) and liquid effluent(s) mixture (and not only on the gaseous effluent(s)) has the advantage of extracting not only the contaminants of the gaseous effluent(s), but also the hydrogen halides (HCl) dissolved in the hydrotreated liquid effluent.
- Another major advantage of the present invention is to carry out the separation of the halogenated compounds of step b) at high pressure and in particular at a pressure substantially identical to the pressure of step a) of hydrogenation, which is also substantially identical to the pressure of hydrotreatment step c).
- the three steps a), b) and c) are thus carried out at the same pressure.
- the load therefore does not need to be depressurized between stages a) and c) which represents an energy saving.
- Another advantage of the process according to the invention is to purify an oil resulting from the pyrolysis of plastic waste and/or tires from at least part of its impurities, which allows it to be hydrogenated and thus to be able to recover it in particular. by incorporating it directly into the fuel storage unit or by making it compatible with treatment in a steam cracking unit in order to be able to obtain in particular light olefins with increased yields which can be used as monomers in the manufacture of polymers.
- Another advantage of the invention is to prevent risks of blockage and/or corrosion of the treatment unit in which the process of the invention is implemented, the risks being exacerbated by the presence, often in significant quantities , diolefins, metals and halogenated compounds in the pyrolysis oil.
- the process of the invention thus makes it possible to obtain a hydrocarbon effluent from a pyrolysis oil freed at least in part from the impurities of the starting pyrolysis oil, thus limiting operability problems, such as corrosion problems. , coking or catalytic deactivation, which these impurities can generate, in particular in the steam cracking units and/or in the units located downstream of the steam cracking units, in particular the polymerization and hydrogenation units.
- the elimination of at least part of the impurities in the oils resulting from the pyrolysis of plastic waste will also make it possible to increase the range of applications of the target polymers, with incompatibilities of use being reduced.
- the process comprises the fractionation step f).
- the process comprises the hydrocracking step g).
- the process comprises a separation step b') carried out between steps b) and c), supplied with at least part of the first liquid effluent from step b) and an aqueous solution, said step being carried out at a temperature lower than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides and at a pressure substantially identical to or lower than the pressure of step b), to obtain at least one gaseous effluent, an aqueous effluent and a hydrocarbon effluent.
- step b) or step d) is carried out at a temperature between 200 and 450°C and step e) or step b') is carried out at a temperature greater than or equal to 20 °C and less than 200°C.
- step d) at least part of the second liquid effluent obtained in step d) is recycled upstream of step a).
- at least part of the hydrocarbon effluent from step e) is recycled upstream of step a) and/or upstream of step c).
- the hydrogen coverage is between 250 and 800 Nm 3 of hydrogen per m 3 of charge (Nm 3 /m 3 ).
- the method comprises at least one step aO) of pretreatment of the pyrolysis oil fraction of plastics and/or tires, said pretreatment step being implemented upstream of step a) and comprises a adsorption step and/or a filtration step and/or a centrifugation step and/or a decantation step and/or an electrostatic separation step and/or a washing step using a solution aqueous and/or a gas stripping step.
- the hydrocarbon effluent from step e) of separation, or at least one of the cuts resulting from step f), is sent in whole or in part to a step h) of steam cracking carried out in at least one pyrolysis oven at a temperature between 700 and 900°C and at a pressure between 0.05 and 0.3 MPa relative.
- the reaction section of step a) uses at least two reactors operating in switchable mode.
- a flow containing an amine and/or a sulfur compound is injected upstream of step a).
- said hydrogenation catalyst comprises a support chosen from alumina, silica, silica-aluminas, magnesia, clays and mixtures thereof and a hydro-dehydrogenating function comprising either at least one element from group VIII and at least one element from group VIB, or at least one element from group VIII.
- said hydrotreatment catalyst comprises a support chosen from the group consisting of alumina, silica, silica-aluminas, magnesia, clays and their mixtures, and a hydro-dehydrogenating function comprising at least one element from group VIII and/or at least one element from group VIB.
- the process further comprises a second hydrocracking step g') implemented in a hydrocracking reaction section, using at least one fixed bed reactor having n catalytic beds, n being a greater integer or equal to 1, each comprising at least one hydrocracking catalyst, said hydrocracking reaction section being supplied by at least part of the first hydrocracked effluent resulting from the first hydrocracking step g) and a gas stream comprising hydrogen , said hydrocracking reaction section being carried out at a temperature between 250 and 450°C, a partial pressure of hydrogen between 1.5 and 20.0 MPa abs. and an hourly volume velocity between 0.1 and 10.0 h' 1 , to obtain a second hydrocracked effluent.
- a second hydrocracking step g' implemented in a hydrocracking reaction section, using at least one fixed bed reactor having n catalytic beds, n being a greater integer or equal to 1, each comprising at least one hydrocracking catalyst, said hydrocracking reaction section being supplied by at least part of the first hydrocracked
- said hydrocracking catalyst comprises a support chosen from halogenated aluminas, combinations of boron and aluminum oxides, amorphous silica-aluminas and zeolites and a hydro-dehydrogenating function comprising at least one metal of the group VI B chosen from chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, alone or in a mixture, and/or at least one metal from group VIII chosen from iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and platinum.
- the invention also relates to the product capable of being obtained, and preferably obtained by the process according to the invention.
- the product comprises in relation to the total weight of the product:
- the pressures are absolute pressures, also denoted abs., and are given in absolute MPa (or abs. MPa), unless otherwise indicated.
- pyrolysis oil means an oil resulting from the pyrolysis of plastics and/or tires, unless otherwise indicated.
- group VIII according to the CAS classification corresponds to the metals of columns 8, 9 and 10 according to the new IIIPAC classification.
- the metal content is measured by X-ray fluorescence.
- a “plastic pyrolysis oil” or “tire pyrolysis oil” is an oil, advantageously in liquid form at room temperature, resulting from the pyrolysis of plastics, preferably plastic waste originating in particular from production lines. collection and sorting, or from the pyrolysis of used tires.
- the oil may include diolefins.
- the diolefin content is commonly determined indirectly as the maleic anhydride index (or MAV for Maleic Anhydrid Value according to Anglo-Saxon terminology).
- MAV Maleic Anhydrid Value according to Anglo-Saxon terminology.
- the method is based on the Diels-Alder addition reaction between conjugated diolefins and maleic anhydride. The method for determining the MAV is described in C. Lôpez-Garcia et al., Near Infrared Monitoring of Low Conjugated Diolefins Content in Hydrotreated FCC Gasoline Streams, Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Rev. IFP, Vol. 62 (2007), No. 1, pp. 57-68.
- the pyrolysis oil can include, and most often includes, additionally impurities such as metals, in particular iron, silicon, halogenated compounds, in particular chlorinated compounds.
- impurities can be present in the pyrolysis oil at high levels, for example up to 600 ppm by weight or even 700 ppm by weight or even 1000 ppm by weight and even 5000 ppm by weight of halogen elements (in particular chlorine but also bromine , fluorine, iodine) provided by halogenated compounds, and generally between 1 and 1000 ppm by weight or between 1 and 700 ppm by weight or even between 1 and 600 ppm by weight of halogen elements.
- halogen elements in particular chlorine but also bromine , fluorine, iodine
- the pyrolysis oil can contain up to 600 ppm by weight or even 700 ppm by weight or even 1000 ppm by weight and even 5000 ppm by weight of chlorine element provided by chlorinated compounds, and generally between 1 and 1000 ppm by weight or between 1 and 700 ppm weight or between 1 and 600 ppm weight of chlorine elements.
- the oil can include up to 200 ppm by weight, or even 1500 ppm by weight of metallic or semi-metallic elements, and generally between 1 and 200 ppm by weight or between 1 and 1500 ppm by weight of metallic or semi-metallic elements.
- Alkali metals, alkaline earths, transition metals, poor metals and metalloids can be assimilated to contaminants of a metallic nature, called metals or metallic or semi-metallic elements.
- the metals or metallic or semi-metallic elements include silicon, iron or both elements.
- the pyrolysis oil may in particular comprise up to 200 ppm by weight or even 1000 ppm by weight of silicon, and generally between 1 and 200 ppm by weight or between 1 and 1000 ppm by weight or even between 1 and 500 ppm by weight of silicon.
- the pyrolysis oil may in particular comprise up to 50 ppm by weight or even 100 ppm by weight of iron, and generally between 1 and 50 ppm by weight or between 1 and 100 ppm by weight of iron.
- Pyrolysis oil may also include phosphorus, sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium.
- the pyrolysis oil may also include other impurities such as heteroelements provided in particular by sulfur compounds, oxygenated compounds and/or nitrogen compounds, at contents generally less than 40,000 ppm weight of heteroelements and preferably less than 15,500 ppm weight of heteroelements, and generally between 1 and 40,000 ppm weight or between 1 and 15,500 ppm weight of heteroelements.
- the sulfur compounds are generally present in a content of less than 15,000 ppm by weight and preferably less than 10,000 ppm by weight, and generally between 1 and 15,000 ppm by weight or between 1 and 10,000 ppm by weight of sulfur compounds.
- the oxygenated compounds are generally present in a content of less than 15,000 ppm by weight and preferably less than 10,000 ppm by weight, and generally between 1 and 15,000 ppm by weight or between 1 and 10,000 ppm by weight of oxygenated compounds.
- the nitrogen compounds are generally present in a content of less than 10,000 ppm by weight and preferably less than 5,000 ppm by weight, and generally between 1 and 10,000 ppm by weight or between 1 and 5,000 ppm by weight of nitrogen compounds.
- the pyrolysis oil may also include other impurities such as heavy metals such as mercury, arsenic, zinc and lead, for example up to 100 ppb by weight or even 200 ppb by weight of mercury or arsenic , and generally between 1 and 200 ppb by weight or between 1 and 100 ppb by weight of heavy metals.
- heavy metals such as mercury, arsenic, zinc and lead, for example up to 100 ppb by weight or even 200 ppb by weight of mercury or arsenic , and generally between 1 and 200 ppb by weight or between 1 and 100 ppb by weight of heavy metals.
- the feed for the process according to the invention comprises at least one pyrolysis oil.
- Said load may consist solely of pyrolysis oil(s).
- said charge comprises at least 50% by weight, preferably between 70 and 100% by weight, of pyrolysis oil relative to the total weight of the charge, that is to say preferably between 50 and 100%. weight, preferably between 70% and 100% weight of pyrolysis oil.
- the feed for the process according to the invention may include, in addition to the oil or oils, a conventional petroleum feed or a feed resulting from the conversion of the biomass which is then co-treated with the pyrolysis oil of the feed.
- the conventional petroleum feedstock can advantageously be a cut or a mixture of cuts of the naphtha, gas oil or vacuum gas oil type.
- the load resulting from the conversion of the biomass can advantageously be chosen from vegetable oils, algae or algal oils, fish oils, used food oils, and fats of vegetable or animal origin; or mixtures of such fillers.
- Oils/fats of plant and/or animal origin contain triglycerides and/or free fatty acids and/or esters.
- Said vegetable oils can advantageously be crude or refined, totally or in part, and derived from plants chosen from rapeseed, sunflower, soya, palm, olive, coconut, jatropha (jatropha), copra. , castor oil, cotton, peanut, linseed and crambe oils and all oils derived for example from sunflower or rapeseed by genetic modification or hybridization, this list not being exhaustive.
- Algae or fish oils are also relevant.
- Animal fats are advantageously chosen from bacon and fats composed of residues from the food industry or from the catering industries. Frying oils, various animal oils such as fish oils, tallow, lard can also be used.
- the feedstock resulting from the conversion of the biomass can also be chosen from feedstocks originating from thermal or catalytic biomass conversion processes, such as oils which are produced from biomass, in particular lignocellulosic biomass, with various methods. liquefaction, such as hydrothermal liquefaction or pyrolysis.
- biomass refers to material derived from recently living organisms, which includes plants, animals and their by-products.
- lignocellulosic biomass refers to biomass derived from plants or their by-products. Lignocellulosic biomass is composed of carbohydrate polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose) and an aromatic polymer (lignin).
- the load resulting from the conversion of the biomass can also advantageously be chosen from loads originating from the paper industry.
- Plastic pyrolysis oil can come from thermal or catalytic pyrolysis treatment or be prepared by hydropyrolysis (pyrolysis in the presence of a catalyst and hydrogen).
- Said feed comprising a pyrolysis oil can advantageously be pretreated in an optional pretreatment step aO), prior to hydrogenation step a), to obtain a pretreated feed which feeds step a).
- This optional pretreatment step aO) makes it possible to reduce the quantity of contaminants and solid particles, in particular the quantity of iron and/or silicon and/or chlorine, possibly present in the load comprising a plastic pyrolysis oil.
- an optional step aO) of pretreatment of the charge comprising a plastic pyrolysis oil is advantageously carried out in particular when said charge comprises more than 10 ppm by weight, in particular more than 20 ppm by weight, more particularly more than 50 ppm by weight of metallic elements and/or solid particles, and in particular when said charge comprises more than 5 ppm by weight of silicon, more particularly more than 10 ppm by weight, or even more than 20 ppm by weight of silicon.
- an optional step aO) of pretreatment of the load comprising a plastic pyrolysis oil is advantageously carried out in particular when said load comprises more than 10 ppm weight, in particular more than 20 ppm weight, more particularly more than 50 ppm weight of chlorine.
- Said optional pretreatment step aO can be implemented by any method known to those skilled in the art making it possible to reduce the quantity of contaminants. It may in particular comprise an adsorption step and/or a filtration step and/or a centrifugation step and/or a decantation step and/or an electrostatic separation step and/or a washing step with using an aqueous solution and/or a gas stripping step.
- the optional pretreatment step aO) is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 20 and 400°C, preferably between 40 and 350°C, and at a pressure between 0.15 and 10.0 MPa abs, of preferably between 0.2 and 7.0 Mpa abs.
- said optional pretreatment step aO) is implemented in an adsorption section operated in the presence of at least one adsorbent.
- the adsorbent can be chosen from a zeolite, activated carbon, clay, silica or alumina.
- said adsorbent comprises less than 1% by weight of metallic elements, preferably is free of metallic elements.
- metallic elements of the adsorbent we mean the elements of groups 6 to 10 of the periodic table of elements (new IIIPAC classification).
- the residence time of the charge in the adsorption section is generally between 1 and 180 minutes.
- Said adsorption section of optional step aO) comprises at least one adsorption column, preferably comprises at least two adsorption columns, preferably between two and four adsorption columns, containing said adsorbent.
- a mode of operation can be an operation called "swing", according to the established Anglo-Saxon term, in which one of the columns is in line, i.e. i.e. in operation, while the other column is in reserve.
- the absorbent of the online column is worn out, this column is isolated while the reserve column is put online, that is to say in operation.
- the spent absorbent can then be regenerated in situ and/or replaced with fresh absorbent so that the column containing it can be put back online once the other column has been isolated.
- Another mode of operation is to have at least two columns operating in series. When the absorbent of the column placed at the top is worn out, this first column is isolated and the used absorbent is either regenerated in situ or replaced by fresh absorbent. The column is then put back online in last position and so on.
- This operation is called permutable mode, or according to the English term “PRS” for Permutable Reactor System or even “lead and lag” according to the established Anglo-Saxon term.
- the combination of at least two adsorption columns makes it possible to overcome poisoning and/or possible and possibly rapid clogging of the adsorbent under the joint action of the contaminants metals, diolefins, gums derived from diolefins and insolubles possibly present in the pyrolysis oil to be treated.
- the presence of at least two adsorption columns facilitates the replacement and/or regeneration of the adsorbent, advantageously without stopping the pretreatment unit, or even the process, thus making it possible to reduce the risks of clogging and therefore to avoid unit shutdown due to clogging, to control costs and to limit adsorbent consumption.
- said optional pretreatment step aO) is implemented in a washing section with an aqueous solution, for example water or an acidic or basic solution.
- This washing section may include equipment making it possible to bring the load into contact with the aqueous solution and to separate the phases so as to obtain the pretreated load on the one hand and the aqueous solution comprising impurities on the other hand.
- this equipment there may for example be a stirred reactor, a decanter, a mixer-decanter and/or a co- or counter-current washing column.
- said optional pretreatment step aO) is implemented by filtration.
- the filtration step removes inorganic solids, sediments and/or fines contained in the oil, including metals, metal oxides and metal chlorides.
- a filter is generally used whose size (for example the diameter or equivalent diameter) of the pores is less than 25 pm, preferably less than or equal to 10 pm, even more preferably less than or equal to 5 pm.
- a filter can be used whose pore size is less than 25 pm but greater than 5 pm.
- a series of filters with different pore sizes can also be used, including a series of filters with decreasing pore sizes in the direction of oil flow. These filter media are well known for industrial uses. Cartridge filters and self-cleaning filters are suitable, for example.
- the dry extract can be measured for example by the Heptane Insolubles test, ASTM Method D-3279.
- the heptane insoluble content should be reduced to less than 0.5% by weight, preferably less than 0.1%.
- the pretreatment step aO) by filtration comprises at least one filter whose pore size is less than 10 microns, and preferably greater than 5 pm, possibly followed by a filtration system whose pore size is less than 2 pm and preferably less than 1 pm.
- the pretreatment step aO) by filtration comprises at least one filter whose pore size is less than 10 pm, and preferably greater than 5 pm, followed by an electrostatic precipitation system.
- the pretreatment step aO) by filtration comprises at least one filter whose pore size is less than 10 pm, and preferably greater than 5 pm, followed by a system of filter(s). ) using filter aids such as sand or diatomaceous earth.
- said optional pretreatment step aO) is implemented by centrifugation.
- the pretreatment step aO) comprises centrifugation and filtration.
- said optional pretreatment step aO) is implemented by decantation.
- the pretreatment step aO) comprises decantation and filtration.
- said optional pretreatment step aO) is implemented by gas stripping, thus reducing the oxygen content in the oil.
- Gas extraction can remove oxygen (O2) which may be dissolved in the feed thus reducing the likelihood of free radical formation leading to polymerization in downstream stages.
- the process generally involves contacting the oil with an extracting gas (e.g. H2, N2 or a mixture thereof), thereby transferring at least part of the dissolved oxygen from the oil to the gas extraction, followed by the separation of the extraction gas from the oil.
- the volume of extraction gas relative to the volume of oil is generally greater than 1, and preferably at least 3.
- the extraction gas can contain at least 60% (molar percentage) H2. Any dissolved H2 remaining in the feed after the gas extraction step is not a problem, considering the downstream hydrodemetallation/rhydroprocessing.
- the gas extraction step is completed before any (pre)heating of the feed, in order to minimize potential fouling.
- Said optional pretreatment step aO generally comprises one or more, preferably several treatments described above. It may in particular comprise a sequence of a washing step using an aqueous solution and/or an adsorption step, followed by a gas stripping step, followed by a filtration step and/or d a centrifugation step. All these steps are preferably carried out before any (pre)heating of the load.
- Said optional pretreatment step aO) can also optionally be supplied with at least part of the liquid effluent from step d) of the process and/or part of at least one of the cuts resulting from the step e), mixed or separately from the charge comprising a pyrolysis oil. Recycles at least part of the liquid effluent from of step d) makes it possible in particular to increase sedimentation and therefore, after possible filtration, to improve the pretreatment of the load.
- Said optional pretreatment step aO) thus makes it possible to obtain a pretreated feed which then feeds the hydrogenation step a).
- the process comprises a hydrogenation step a) implemented in a hydrogenation reaction section, using at least one fixed bed reactor having n catalytic beds, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1, each comprising at least one hydrogenation catalyst, said hydrogenation reaction section being supplied at least by said feedstock, optionally pretreated, optionally mixed with at least part of the second liquid effluent from step d) and a first gas stream comprising hydrogen, said hydrogenation reaction section being carried out at an average temperature between 140 and 400°C, a partial pressure of hydrogen between 1.0 and 10.0 MPa abs. And an hourly volume velocity between 0.1 and 10.0 h- 1 , to obtain a hydrogenated effluent.
- Step a) is in particular carried out under conditions of hydrogen pressure and temperature making it possible to carry out the hydrogenation of diolefins and olefins at the start of the hydrogenation reaction section while allowing, by a rising profile of the temperature d carry out hydrodemetallation and hydrodechlorination, particularly at the end of the hydrogenation reaction section.
- a necessary quantity of hydrogen is injected so as to allow the hydrogenation of at least part of the diolefins and olefins present in the plastic pyrolysis oil, the hydrodemetallation of at least part of the metals, in particular the retention of silicon, and also the conversion of at least part of the chlorine (into HCl).
- step a) makes it possible to avoid or at least limit the formation of "gums", that is to say the polymerization of diolefins and olefins and therefore the formation of oligomers and polymers, which can plug the reaction section of hydrotreatment step c).
- step a) makes it possible to limit the catalytic deactivation of the reaction section of step c) of hydrotreatment.
- the conditions of step a) make it possible to convert at least part of the chlorine, and preferably all of the chlorine.
- step a) of hydrogenation hydrogenation reactions such as described above are carried out but in parallel also part of the other hydrotreatment reactions, and in particular hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation, even if these reactions are rather favored in hydrotreatment step c) being generally carried out at higher temperature.
- the temperature in step a) whether it is the average temperature (WABT), the temperature at the entrance to the reaction section or even the rise in temperature in step a) between entry and exit of the reaction section can in particular be controlled by injection of a diluent in step a), preferably a recycle of part of the second liquid effluent from step d) and/or at least part of one or more cuts resulting from step g), in particular by the recycling rate and/or by the temperature of the recycled effluent.
- a diluent in step a preferably a recycle of part of the second liquid effluent from step d) and/or at least part of one or more cuts resulting from step g
- the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the reaction section of step a) means injection of a gaseous (hydrogen) or liquid cooling flow, in particular preferably a part of the second liquid effluent from step d).
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of the reaction section of step a) is exclusively due to the exothermicity of the chemical reactions carried out in the reaction section and therefore means excluding the use of a heating means ( oven, heat exchanger, etc.).
- Said reaction section carries out hydrogenation in the presence of at least one hydrogenation catalyst, advantageously at an average temperature (or WABT as defined below) between 140 and 400°C, preferably between 240 and 350°C. , and particularly preferably between 260 and 330°C, a partial pressure of hydrogen between 1.0 and 10.0 MPa abs, preferably between 1.5 and 8.0 MPa abs. and at an hourly volume velocity (WH) between 0.1 and 10.0 h' 1 , preferably between 0.2 and 5.0 h' 1 , and very preferably between 0.3 and 3.0 h ' 1 .
- WABT average temperature
- the “average temperature” of a reaction section corresponds to the Weight Average Bed Temperature (WABT) according to the established Anglo-Saxon term, well known to those skilled in the art.
- WABT Weight Average Bed Temperature
- the average temperature is advantageously determined as a function of the catalytic systems, equipment and configuration thereof used.
- the average temperature (or WABT) is calculated as follows: with Tinlet: the temperature of the flow entering the reaction section and Toutlet: the temperature of the effluent leaving the reaction section. Unless otherwise stated, the “average temperature” of a reaction section is given at cycle start conditions.
- the hourly volumetric speed (WH) is defined here as the ratio between the hourly volumetric flow rate of the charge comprising the pyrolysis oil, possibly pretreated, by the volume of catalyst(s).
- Hydrogen coverage is defined as the ratio of the volume flow rate of hydrogen taken under normal conditions of temperature and pressure in relation to the volume flow rate of “fresh” charge, that is to say the charge to be treated, possibly pretreated. , without taking into account a recycled fraction, and in particular without taking into account the liquid effluent from step d) recycled, at 15°C (in normal m 3 , denoted Nm 3 , of H2 per m 3 of load ).
- the quantity of the gas flow comprising hydrogen (H2), supplying said reaction section of step a), is advantageously such that the hydrogen coverage is between 100 and 1500 Nm 3 of hydrogen per m 3 of charge ( Nm 3 /m 3 ), preferably between 200 and 1000 Nm 3 of hydrogen per m 3 of charge (Nm 3 /m 3 ), preferably between 250 and 800 Nm 3 of hydrogen per m 3 of charge (Nm 3 /m 3 ).
- the reaction section of said step a) comprises between 1 and 5 reactors, preferably between 2 and 5 reactors, and particularly preferably it comprises two reactors.
- the advantage of a hydrogenation reaction section comprising several reactors lies in optimized treatment of the feed, while making it possible to reduce the risks of clogging of the catalytic bed(s) and therefore to avoid stopping the unit due to to clogging.
- these reactors operate in permutable mode, called “PRS” for Permutable Reactor System or even “lead and lag”.
- PRS permutable mode
- the combination of at least two reactors in PRS mode makes it possible to isolate a reactor, unload the spent catalyst, recharge the reactor with fresh catalyst and put said reactor back into service without stopping the process.
- PRS technology is described, in particular, in patent FR2681871.
- the hydrogenation reaction section of step a) comprises two reactors operating in switchable mode.
- reactor internals for example of the filter tray type, can be used to prevent clogging of the reactor(s).
- An example of a filter tray is described in patent FR3051375.
- said hydrogenation catalyst comprises a support, preferably mineral, and a hydro-dehydrogenating function.
- the hydro-dehydrogenating function comprises in particular at least one element from group VIII, preferably chosen from nickel and cobalt, and at least one element from group VI B, preferably chosen from molybdenum and tungsten.
- the total content expressed in oxides of the metallic elements of groups VI B and VIII is preferably between 1% and 40% by weight, preferably from 5% to 30% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- the metal is cobalt or nickel, the metal content is expressed as CoO and NiO respectively.
- the metal is molybdenum or tungsten
- the metal content is expressed in MoChet WO3 respectively.
- the reaction section of said step a) comprises for example a hydrogenation catalyst comprising between 0.5% and 12% by weight of nickel, preferably between 0.9% and 10% by weight of nickel (expressed in nickel oxide NiO relative to the weight of said catalyst), and between 1% and 30% by weight of molybdenum, preferably between 3% and 20% by weight of molybdenum (expressed as molybdenum oxide MoOs relative to the weight of said catalyst ) on a preferably mineral support, preferably on an alumina support.
- a hydrogenation catalyst comprising between 0.5% and 12% by weight of nickel, preferably between 0.9% and 10% by weight of nickel (expressed in nickel oxide NiO relative to the weight of said catalyst), and between 1% and 30% by weight of molybdenum, preferably between 3% and 20% by weight of molybdenum (expressed as molybdenum oxide MoOs relative to the weight of said catalyst ) on a preferably mineral support, preferably on an alumina support.
- the hydro-dehydrogenating function comprises, and preferably consists of at least one element from group VIII, preferably nickel.
- the content of nickel oxides is preferably between 1 and 50% by weight, preferably between 10% and 30% by weight relative to the weight of said catalyst.
- This type of catalyst is preferably used in its reduced form, on a preferably mineral support, preferably on an alumina support.
- the support of said hydrogenation catalyst is preferably chosen from alumina, silica, silica-aluminas, magnesia, clays and their mixtures.
- Said support may contain doping compounds, in particular oxides chosen from boron oxide, in particular boron trioxide, zirconia, ceria, titanium oxide, phosphoric anhydride and a mixture of these oxides.
- said hydrogenation catalyst comprises an alumina support, optionally doped with phosphorus and optionally boron.
- the phosphoric anhydride P2O5 When the phosphoric anhydride P2O5 is present, its concentration is less than 10% by weight relative to the weight of the alumina and advantageously at least 0.001% weight relative to the total weight of the alumina.
- boron trioxide B2O3 When boron trioxide B2O3 is present, its concentration is less than 10% by weight relative to the weight of the alumina and advantageously at least 0.001% relative to the total weight of the alumina.
- the alumina used can for example be a y (gamma) or q (eta) alumina.
- Said hydrogenation catalyst is for example in the form of extrudates.
- step a) can use in addition to the hydrogenation catalyst(s) described above, in addition at least one hydrogenation catalyst used in step a) comprising less than 1% by weight. of nickel and at least 0.1% by weight of nickel, preferably 0.5% by weight of nickel, expressed as nickel oxide NiO relative to the weight of said catalyst, and less than 5% by weight of molybdenum and at least 0. 1% by weight of molybdenum, preferably 0.5% by weight of molybdenum, expressed as molybdenum oxide MoOs relative to the weight of said catalyst, on an alumina support.
- This catalyst with low metal content can preferably be placed upstream or downstream of the hydrogenation catalyst(s) described above, preferably upstream.
- step a) can implement upstream of the hydrogenation catalyst(s) at least one guard bed containing adsorbents of the alumina, silica-alumina, zeolite and/or activated carbon type possibly containing metals of the group VI B and/or VIII. It is also possible to use a series of guard beds with particles of different diameters, in particular a series of guard beds having decreasing diameters in the direction of the flow of the charge (also called “grading” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology). .
- the temperature rise above 150°C, preferably above 180°C and particularly preferably above 200°C of the charge is caused by mixing with a hotter liquid, and not by contact with a wall heated. This helps limit high temperatures locally.
- This type of heating by mixing with an inert hot liquid therefore makes it possible to limit undesirable reactions such as the polymerization of diolefins (gum formation) and/or the formation of coke, and to adjust the entry temperature of the flow into the step a) so as to initiate the hydrogenation reaction of the unsaturations, preferably at the lowest possible temperature, while controlling the exotherm of these reactions by a dilution effect of the reactive species.
- the load is entirely heated by indirect heating by at least part of the second effluent from step d).
- the feed is not preheated before being mixed with at least part of the second effluent from step d).
- Said hydrogenation step a) makes it possible to obtain a hydrogenated effluent, that is to say an effluent with a reduced content of olefins, in particular diolefins, and metals, in particular silicon, and halogens, in particular in chlorine.
- the content of impurities, in particular diolefins, of the hydrogenated effluent obtained at the end of step a) is reduced compared to that of the same impurities, in particular diolefins, included in the process feed.
- Hydrogenation step a) generally makes it possible to convert at least 40%, and preferably at least 60% of the diolefins as well as at least 40%, and preferably at least 60% of the olefins contained in the initial charge.
- the temperature at which the separation of step b) is carried out must be higher than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides in order to recover a first gaseous effluent containing the majority of the halides in the form of hydrogen halides (HCl) and gaseous ammonia, and a first liquid effluent containing very little halides and ammonia.
- the temperature at which the separation of step b) is carried out is generally between 200 and 450°C, preferably between 220 and 330°C, and particularly preferably between 240 and 300°C.
- pressure substantially equal to the pressure of step a) is meant the pressure of step a) with a pressure difference of between 0 and 1 MPa, preferably of between 0.005 and 0.3 MPa, and so particularly preferred between 0.01 and 0.3 MPa relative to the pressure of step a).
- the pressure of step b) is the pressure of step a) reduced by pressure losses.
- Separation step b) can advantageously be implemented by any method known to those skilled in the art such as for example the combination of one or more separator(s) (balloon(s)), and/or one or more several stripping column(s), this or these separator(s) (balloon(s)) and/or columns optionally being able to be supplied with a stripping gas, for example a gas flow rich in hydrogen.
- step b) is implemented with a single separator (balloon).
- Gas/liquid separation has an efficiency corresponding to solubility and Henry's law. This means that an equilibrium quantity of halides in the form of hydrogen halides will remain in the first liquid effluent obtained in step b). These halides will be released into the gaseous effluent during cold separation step e), then discharged by dissolution in the aqueous effluent.
- step b) makes it possible to keep the ammonia and the halides in the gas phase and to obtain a first liquid effluent essentially free of halogenated compounds which can be sent to the hydrotreatment step c) in order to remove the remaining impurities without observing the deposition of halogenated compounds on the catalyst.
- the first liquid effluent is sent, in part or in whole, and preferably in full, to the hydrotreatment step c).
- the first liquid effluent can be sent to an additional cold separation/washing step b') before sending it to the hydrotreatment step c).
- the process according to the invention comprises a separation step b'), supplied by at least part of the first liquid effluent from step b) and an aqueous solution, said step being carried out at a temperature lower than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides and at a pressure substantially identical to or lower than the pressure of step b), to obtain at least one gaseous effluent, an aqueous effluent and a hydrocarbon effluent.
- the halides in forms hydrogen halides dissolved in the first liquid effluent are released into the gaseous effluent during cold separation step b') then dissolved in the aqueous effluent.
- This separation step b') of cold separation/washing is essentially operated in the same way as that of separation step e) described below, the separation conditions (pressure and temperature) may or may not be identical.
- the treatment method comprises a hydrotreatment step c) implemented in a hydrotreatment reaction section, implementing at least one fixed bed reactor having n catalytic beds, n being a greater integer or equal to 1, each comprising at least one hydrotreatment catalyst, said hydrotreatment reaction section being supplied at least by said first liquid effluent from step b) and a second gas stream comprising hydrogen, said reaction section hydrotreatment being carried out at an average temperature between 250 and 430°C, a partial pressure of hydrogen between 1.0 and 10.0 MPa abs. and an hourly volume velocity between 0.1 and 10.0 h'1 , to obtain a hydrotreated effluent.
- step c) implements the hydrotreatment reactions well known to those skilled in the art, and more particularly hydrotreatment reactions such as the hydrogenation of aromatics, hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation.
- hydrotreatment reactions such as the hydrogenation of aromatics, hydrodesulfurization and hydrodenitrogenation.
- the hydrogenation of the remaining olefins and halogenated compounds as well as the hydrodemetallation can continue even if most and preferably all of these impurities have been removed during step a).
- Said hydrotreatment reaction section is advantageously carried out at a pressure equivalent to that used in the reaction section of step a) of hydrogenation, and generally at an average temperature higher than that of the reaction section of step a) hydrogenation.
- said hydrotreatment reaction section is advantageously carried out at an average hydrotreatment temperature between 250 and 430°C, preferably between 280 and 380°C, at a partial pressure of hydrogen between 1.0 and 10, 0 MPa abs. and at an hourly volume velocity (WH) between 0.1 and 10.0 h' 1 , preferably between 0.1 and 5.0 h' 1 , preferably between 0.2 and 2.0 h' 1 , so preferred between 0.2 and 1h'1 .
- WH hourly volume velocity
- the hydrogen coverage in step d) is advantageously between 100 and 1500 Nm 3 of hydrogen per m 3 of fresh feed which feeds step a), and preferably between 200 and 1000 Nm 3 of hydrogen per m 3 of fresh feed which feeds step a), preferably between 250 and 800 Nm 3 of hydrogen per m 3 of fresh feed which feeds step a).
- the definitions of average temperature (WABT), WH and hydrogen coverage correspond to those described above.
- Said hydrotreatment reaction section is supplied at least by said first liquid effluent from step b) and a second gas stream comprising hydrogen, advantageously at the level of the first catalytic bed of the first reactor in operation.
- said step c) is implemented in a hydrotreatment reaction section comprising at least one, preferably between one and five, fixed bed reactor(s) having n catalytic beds, n being an integer greater than or equal to one, preferably between one and ten, preferably between two and five, said bed(s) each comprising at least one, and preferably not more than ten, catalyst(s) d hydrotreatment.
- a reactor comprises several catalytic beds, that is to say at least two, preferably between two and ten, preferably between two and five catalytic beds, said catalytic beds are preferably arranged in series in said reactor.
- step c) When step c) is implemented in a hydrotreatment reaction section comprising several, preferably two reactors, these reactors can operate in series and/or in parallel and/or in permutable mode (or PRS) and/or in “swing” mode.
- PRS permutable mode
- swing mode The different possible operating modes, PRS mode (or lead and lag) and swing mode, are well known to those skilled in the art and are advantageously defined above.
- said hydrotreatment reaction section comprises a single fixed bed reactor containing n catalytic beds, n being an integer greater than or equal to one, preferably between one and ten, so favorite between two and five.
- the hydrogenation reaction section of step a) comprises two reactors operating in switchable mode followed by the hydrotreatment reaction section of step c) which comprises a single fixed bed reactor.
- said hydrotreatment catalyst used in said step c) can be chosen from known catalysts for hydrodemetallation, hydrotreatment, silicon capture, used in particular for the treatment of petroleum cuts, and their combinations.
- Known hydrodemetallation catalysts are for example those described in patents EP 0113297, EP 0113284, US 5221656, US 5827421, US 7119045, US 5622616 and US 5089463.
- Known hydrotreatment catalysts are for example those described in patents EP 0113297, EP 0113284, US 6589908, US 4818743 or US 6332976.
- Known silicon capture catalysts are for example those described in patent applications CN 102051202 and US 2007/080099.
- said hydrotreatment catalyst comprises a support, preferably mineral, and at least one metallic element having a hydro-dehydrogenating function.
- Said metallic element having a hydro-dehydrogenating function advantageously comprises at least one element from group VIII, preferably chosen from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt, and/or at least one element from group VI B, preferably chosen from the group group consisting of molybdenum and tungsten.
- the total content expressed in oxides of the metallic elements of groups VIB and VIII is preferably between 0.1% and 40% by weight, preferably from 5% to 35% by weight, relative to the total weight of the catalyst. When the metal is cobalt or nickel, the metal content is expressed as CoO and NiO respectively.
- the metal content is expressed as MoOs and WO3 respectively.
- the weight ratio expressed as metal oxide between the metal (or metals) of group VIB relative to the metal (or metals) of group VIII is preferably between 1.0 and 20, preferably between 2.0 and 10
- the hydrotreatment reaction section of step c) of the process comprises a hydrotreatment catalyst comprising between 0.5% and 10% by weight of nickel, preferably between 1% and 8% by weight of nickel.
- nickel oxide NiO nickel oxide relative to the total weight of the hydrotreatment catalyst
- molybdenum preferably between 3.0% and 29% by weight of molybdenum, expressed as oxide of molybdenum MoOs relative to the total weight of the hydrotreatment catalyst, on a mineral support, preferably on an alumina support.
- the support of said hydrotreatment catalyst is advantageously chosen from alumina, silica, silica-aluminas, magnesia, clays and their mixtures. Said support may also contain doping compounds, in particular oxides chosen from boron oxide, in particular boron trioxide, zirconia, ceria, titanium oxide, phosphoric anhydride and a mixture of these oxides. .
- said hydrotreatment catalyst comprises an alumina support, preferably an alumina support doped with phosphorus and optionally boron.
- the phosphoric anhydride P2O5 When the phosphoric anhydride P2O5 is present, its concentration is less than 10% by weight relative to the weight of the alumina and advantageously at least 0.001% by weight relative to the total weight of the alumina.
- boron trioxide B2O3 When boron trioxide B2O3 is present, its concentration is less than 10% by weight relative to the weight of the alumina and advantageously at least 0.001% relative to the total weight of the alumina.
- the alumina used can for example be a y (gamma) or (eta) alumina.
- Said hydrotreatment catalyst is for example in the form of extrudates.
- said hydrotreatment catalyst of the process has a specific surface area greater than or equal to 250 m 2 /g, preferably greater than or equal to 300 m 2 /g.
- the specific surface area of said hydrotreatment catalyst is advantageously less than or equal to 800 m 2 /g, preferably less than or equal to 600 m 2 /g, in particular less than or equal to 400 m 2 /g.
- the specific surface area of the hydrotreatment catalyst is measured by the BET method, that is to say the specific surface area determined by nitrogen adsorption in accordance with the ASTM D 3663-78 standard established from the BRUNAUER-EMMETT- method. TELLER described in the periodical 'The Journal of the American Chemical Society', 6Q, 309 (1938).
- Such a specific surface area makes it possible to further improve the elimination of contaminants, in particular metals such as silicon.
- the hydrotreatment catalyst as described above further comprises one or more organic compounds containing oxygen and/or nitrogen and/or sulfur.
- a catalyst is often referred to as an “additive catalyst”.
- the organic compound is chosen from a compound comprising one or more chemical functions chosen from a carboxylic function, alcohol, thiol, thioether, sulfone, sulfoxide, ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, carbonate, amine, nitrile, imide, oxime, urea and amide or even compounds including a furanic cycle or even sugars.
- step c) can implement upstream of the hydrogenation catalyst(s) at least one guard bed or a series of “grading” type guard beds as described above for step has).
- hydrotreatment step c) allows the hydrogenation of at least 80%, and preferably all of the possible olefins remaining after hydrogenation step a) and any halogenated compounds remaining in the first effluent. liquid resulting from separation step b), but also the conversion at least in part of other impurities present in the feed, such as aromatic compounds, metal compounds, sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds, oxygenated compounds.
- the nitrogen content at the outlet of step c) is less than 100 ppm by weight, and preferably less than 10 ppm by weight.
- the sulfur content at the outlet of step c) is less than 100 ppm by weight, and preferably less than 10 ppm by weight.
- Step c) can also make it possible to further reduce the content of contaminants, such as that of metals, in particular the silicon content.
- the metal content at the outlet of step c) is less than 10 ppm by weight, and preferably less than 2 ppm weight, and the silicon content is less than 5 ppm weight.
- the halogen element content at the outlet of step c) is less than 5 ppm by weight.
- a stream containing a sulfurizing agent can be injected upstream of step a) of hydrogenation and/or step c) of hydrotreatment and/or in upstream of one of the hydrocracking steps when they are present, preferably upstream of step a) of hydrogenation and/or step c) of hydrotreatment in order to ensure a sufficient quantity of sulfur to form or maintain the active species of the catalyst (in sulfur form).
- This activation or sulfidation step is carried out by methods well known to those skilled in the art, and advantageously under a sulfo-reducing atmosphere in the presence of hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide.
- the sulfurizing agents are preferably H2S gas, elemental sulfur, CS2, mercaptans, sulfides and/or polysulfides, hydrocarbon cuts with a boiling point below 400°C containing sulfur compounds or any other compound containing sulfur used for the activation of hydrocarbon feeds with a view to sulfiding the catalyst.
- Said sulfur-containing compounds are advantageously chosen from alkyl disulfides such as for example dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), alkyl sulfides, such as for example dimethyl sulfide, thiols such as for example n- butyl mercaptan (or 1-butanethiol) and polysulphide compounds of the tertiononyl polysulphide type.
- the catalyst can also be sulfurized by the sulfur contained in the feed to be desulfurized.
- the catalyst is sulfurized in situ in the presence of a sulfurizing agent and a hydrocarbon filler.
- the catalyst is sulphurized in situ in the presence of the additive charge of dimethyl disulphide.
- the treatment process comprises a separation step d), supplied by the hydrotreated effluent from step c), said step being carried out at a temperature higher than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides formed. and at a pressure substantially identical to the pressure of step c) to obtain at least a second gaseous effluent and a second liquid effluent, part of which is optionally recycled upstream of step a).
- This second hot separation step d) is essentially operated in the same way as that of the first separation step b), the separation conditions (pressure and temperature) being able to be identical or not.
- the high temperature of this separation step d) avoids the precipitation of ammonium halide salts which form by reaction between the ions halides and ammonium ions formed during the hydrotreatment step of the remaining halogenated compounds.
- the high temperature also makes it possible to eliminate the NH3 and H2S formed during the hydrotreatment step of the nitrogen and sulfur compounds respectively by said second gaseous effluent.
- the temperature at which the separation of step d) is carried out is generally between 200 and 450°C, preferably between 220 and 330°C, and particularly preferably between 240 and 300°C.
- pressure substantially equal to the pressure of step c) is meant the pressure of step c) with a pressure difference of between 0 and 1 MPa, preferably of between 0.005 and 0.3 MPa, and so particularly preferred between 0.01 and 0.3 MPa relative to the pressure of step c).
- the pressure of step d) is the pressure of step c) reduced by pressure losses.
- Separation step d) can advantageously be implemented by any method known to those skilled in the art such as for example the combination of one or more separator(s) (balloon(s)), and/or one or more several stripping column(s), this or these separator(s) (balloon(s)) and/or columns optionally being able to be supplied with a stripping gas, for example a gas flow rich in hydrogen.
- step d) is implemented with a single separator (balloon).
- step d) is a so-called high pressure or medium pressure separation step at high temperature, also known to those skilled in the art under the name HHPS (for “Hot High Pressure Separator” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology).
- this step d) preferably uses a so-called “high pressure hot” separator, the pressure being substantially equal to the operating pressure of step c).
- Gas/liquid separation has an efficiency corresponding to solubility and Henry's law. This means that an equilibrium quantity of halides in the form of hydrogen halides will remain in the second liquid effluent obtained in step d). These halides will be released into the gaseous effluent during cold separation step e), then discharged by dissolution in the aqueous effluent.
- part of the second liquid effluent from step d) is recycled upstream of step a).
- step a) Mixing the feedstock and the second liquid effluent (hot recycle) upstream of step a) makes it possible, on the one hand, to dilute the impurities in the feedstock and, on the other hand, to control the temperature in step a) in which highly exothermic reactions (notably the hydrogenation reactions of olefins and diolefins) occur.
- highly exothermic reactions notably the hydrogenation reactions of olefins and diolefins
- the quantity of the second liquid effluent from step d) recycled is adjusted so that the weight ratio between the recycle stream from step d) and the load comprising a pyrolysis oil, that is to say the load to be treated supplying the overall process, is less than or equal to 10, preferably less than or equal to 7, and preferably greater than or equal to 0.001, preferably greater than or equal to 0.01, and preferably greater than or equal to 0 ,1.
- the quantity of the second liquid effluent from step d) recycled is adjusted so that the weight ratio between the recycle stream and the load comprising a plastic pyrolysis oil is between 0.01 and 10, preferably between 0.1 and 7, and particularly preferably between 0.2 and 5. This recycling rate makes it possible to control the rise in temperature in step a).
- At least part of the second liquid effluent from step d) can advantageously be either cooled, or pre-heated, if necessary, or kept at the same temperature as at the outlet of step d) separation, before being preferably recycled upstream of step a) of hydrogenation, depending on the temperature and the flow rate of feed and hydrogen, so that the temperature of the incoming flow, comprising said feedstock preferably in mixture with at least part of said second liquid effluent from step d) and a gas rich in hydrogen, i.e. between 140 and 400°C, preferably between 220 and 350°C, and particularly preferred between 260 and 330°C.
- the high pressure and high temperature separation makes it possible, among other things, to maximize energy recovery by hot recycling of part of the second liquid effluent.
- the energy to reach the entry temperature necessary in step a) is at least partly provided by the heat of part of the second liquid effluent from step d) and also makes it possible to reduce or even eliminate possible preheating by directly heating the load above a temperature above 200°C to avoid the formation of gums.
- the fact of preferably recycling at least part of the second liquid effluent at high pressure makes it possible to save energy for its pressurization in step a).
- the treatment process comprises a separation step e), supplied by the first and second gaseous effluent and at least part of the second liquid effluent from step d) and an aqueous solution, said step being carried out at a temperature lower than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides and at a pressure substantially identical to or lower than the pressure of step d), to obtain at least a third gaseous effluent, an aqueous effluent and a hydrocarbon effluent.
- step e) at a temperature lower than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides of the mixture of gaseous effluents and at least part of the second liquid effluent from step d) causes these halide salts to precipitate. 'ammonium.
- the hydrogen halides dissolved in the second liquid effluent from step d) are released and also form ammonium halides with the ammonia present in the gaseous effluent. Washing with an aqueous solution of this step e) makes it possible to dissolve these salts in the aqueous effluent. We thus obtain a hydrocarbon effluent freed from halides, a gaseous effluent freed from halides and an aqueous effluent in which the ammonium halide salts are dissolved.
- the temperature at which the separation of step e) is carried out must be lower than the precipitation temperature of the ammonium halides in order to precipitate the ammonium halide salts.
- the temperature at which the separation of step e) is carried out is between 20 and less than 200°C, preferably between 25 and 120°C, and particularly preferably between 30 and 70°C.
- pressure substantially equal to the pressure of step d) is meant the pressure of step d) with a pressure difference of between 0 and 1 MPa, preferably of between 0.005 and 0.3 MPa, and so particularly preferred between 0.01 and 0.3 MPa relative to the pressure of step d).
- the pressure of step e) is the pressure of step d) reduced by pressure losses. The fact of carrying out at least part of the separation step e) at a pressure substantially identical to the operating pressure of step d) also facilitates the recycling of hydrogen contained in the gaseous effluent.
- the separation step e) may also comprise a (first) separation step at a pressure substantially equal to the operating pressure of step d), followed by at least one another separation step carried out at an identical or lower temperature and at a lower pressure than each separation step of the preceding step e).
- the separation step e) is preferably implemented in at least one so-called high pressure or medium pressure separator flask at low temperature, also known to those skilled in the art under the name CHPS (for “Cold High Pressure Separator” according to Anglo-Saxon terminology).
- this step e) preferably uses a so-called “high pressure cold” separator, the pressure being substantially equal to the operating pressure of step d).
- the gaseous effluent obtained at the end of step e) advantageously comprises hydrogen, preferably comprises at least 80% volume, preferably at least 85% volume, of hydrogen.
- said gaseous effluent can at least partly be recycled towards the stages a) of hydrogenation and/or c) of hydrotreatment and/or towards one or more stages g) of hydrocracking when they are present, the system of recycling which may include a purification section.
- the gaseous effluent may also be subject to additional separation(s) in order to recover at least one gas rich in hydrogen and/or light hydrocarbons, in particular ethane, propane and butane, which can advantageously be sent separately or mixed into one or more ovens of steam cracking step h) so as to increase the overall yield of olefins.
- the aqueous effluent obtained at the end of step e) advantageously comprises dissolved ammonium salts and/or hydrogen halides (for example hydrochloric acid).
- a flow containing an amine such as for example monoethanolamine, diethanolamine and/or monodiethanolamine can be injected upstream of step a) of hydrogenation and/or or from step c) of hydrotreatment in order to ensure a sufficient quantity of ammonium ions to combine the halide ions formed during the hydrogenation and/or hydrotreatment steps, thus making it possible to limit the formation of hydrochloric acid and thus limiting corrosion downstream of the separation section.
- This injection may in particular be necessary when the load contains a lot of halogenated compounds or few nitrogenous compounds.
- the aqueous effluent loaded with dissolved ammonium halide salts and the washed liquid hydrocarbon effluent can then be separated in a settling tank in order to obtain said hydrocarbon effluent and said aqueous effluent.
- Said partially washed gaseous effluent can in parallel be introduced into a washing column where it circulates against the current of an aqueous flow, preferably of the same nature as the aqueous solution injected into the hydrocarbon effluent, which makes it possible to eliminate at least in part, preferably all of the hydrogen halides (of the HCl type) contained in the partially washed gaseous effluent and thus obtaining said gaseous effluent, preferably comprising essentially hydrogen, and an acidic aqueous flow.
- Said aqueous effluent from the settling tank can optionally be mixed with said acidic aqueous flow, and be used, optionally mixed with said acidic aqueous flow in a water recycling circuit to supply step e) of separation with said aqueous solution upstream of the washing/separation section and/or in said aqueous flow in the washing column.
- Said water recycling circuit may include a top-up of water and/or a basic solution and/or a purge allowing the dissolved salts to be removed.
- the hydrocarbon effluent from separation step e) can be sent, in part or in whole, either to a fractionation step f), or directly to a steam cracking step h), or even directly to a steam cracking unit. fuel storage.
- part of the hydrocarbon effluent from separation step e) is recycled upstream of step a) and/or upstream of step c).
- step e) hot recycle upstream of step a) and/or step c) makes it possible, on the one hand, to dilute the impurities in the load and on the other hand to control the temperature in steps a) and/or c) in which highly exothermic reactions occur.
- Mixing the feedstock and part of the hydrocarbon effluent from separation step e) (hot recycle) upstream of step a) also allows indirect heating of the feedstock, by simple mixing of the feedstock " cold” with hot recycle).
- the recycling of at least part of the hydrocarbon effluent from step e) of separation also has the advantage that the first gaseous effluent from step b) (naphtha cutting) which has short-circuited the step c) of hydrotreatment and which is contained in the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step e) of separation can be subjected by this recycling to hydrotreatment, in particular when at least part of the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step e) separation is introduced upstream of step c) hydrotreatment.
- the quantity of the hydrocarbon effluent from step e) of recycled separation is adjusted so that the weight ratio between the recycle stream from step e) and the feed comprising a pyrolysis oil, i.e. -say the load to be treated supplying the overall process, is less than or equal to 10, preferably less than or equal to 7, and preferably greater than or equal to 0.001, preferably greater than or equal to 0.01, and preferably greater than or equal to 0.1.
- the quantity of the hydrocarbon effluent from the recycled separation step e) is adjusted so that the weight ratio between the recycle stream and the load comprising a plastic pyrolysis oil is between 0.01 and 10, preferably between 0.1 and 7, and particularly preferably between 0.2 and 5.
- the weight ratio between the total recycle stream (effluent from step d) and effluent from step e)) and the feed comprising a plastic pyrolysis oil is between 0.01 and 10, preferably between 0.1 and 7, and particularly preferably between 0.2 and 5.
- the process according to the invention may comprise a step of fractionating all or part, preferably all, of the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from step e), to obtain at least a fourth gaseous effluent, a naphtha cut and at least one middle distillate cut.
- naphtha cut means a hydrocarbon cut comprising compounds having a boiling point generally less than or equal to 175°C, in particular between 80 and 175°C.
- middle distillate cut means a hydrocarbon cut comprising compounds having a boiling point generally greater than 175°C.
- the heavy cut may include middle distillates such as a diesel cut and/or a kerosene cut. It can also include heavier compounds.
- Step f) makes it possible in particular to eliminate gases dissolved in the hydrotreated liquid effluent, such as for example ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and light hydrocarbons having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- gases dissolved in the hydrotreated liquid effluent such as for example ammonia, hydrogen sulphide and light hydrocarbons having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- the optional fractionation step f) is advantageously carried out at a pressure less than or equal to 1.0 MPa abs., preferably between 0.1 and 1.0 MPa abs.
- step f) can be carried out in a section advantageously comprising at least one stripping column equipped with a reflux circuit comprising a reflux drum.
- Said stripping column is fed by the liquid hydrocarbon effluent from step e) and by a flow of water vapor.
- the liquid hydrocarbon effluent from step e) can optionally be heated before entering the stripping column.
- the lightest compounds are carried to the top of the column and into the reflux circuit comprising a reflux drum in which a gas/liquid separation takes place.
- the gas phase which includes the light hydrocarbons, is withdrawn from the reflux drum in a gas stream.
- the naphtha cut is advantageously withdrawn from the reflux flask.
- step e) can be carried out in a section comprising one or more separator tank(s).
- separator tank(s) We will advantageously use at least one so-called low pressure separator balloon at low temperature in order to eliminate the gases dissolved in the hydrocarbon liquid effluent.
- fractionation step f) can use a stripping column or a flask separator followed by a distillation column or only a distillation column.
- the naphtha cut and the middle distillate cut, possibly mixed, can be sent, in whole or in part, to a steam cracking unit, at the end of which olefins can be (re)formed to participate in the formation of polymers.
- a steam cracking unit at the end of which olefins can be (re)formed to participate in the formation of polymers.
- only part of said cuts is sent to a steam cracking unit; at least a fraction of the remaining part is optionally recycled in at least one of the stages of the process and/or sent to a fuel storage unit, for example a naphtha storage unit, a diesel storage unit or a kerosene storage unit, from conventional oil charges.
- the naphtha cut is sent to a steam cracking unit, while the middle distillate cut is sent to a hydrocracking step g) and/or sent to a fuel storage unit.
- the optional fractionation step f) can make it possible to obtain, in addition to a gas flow, a naphtha cut (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point less than or equal to 175°C, preferably between 80 and 175°C), and a middle distillate cut (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point greater than 175°C and less than 385°C), and a heavy hydrocarbon cut (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point boiling point greater than or equal to 385°C).
- a naphtha cut generally comprising compounds having a boiling point less than or equal to 175°C, preferably between 80 and 175°C
- a middle distillate cut generally comprising compounds having a boiling point greater than 175°C and less than 385°C
- a heavy hydrocarbon cut generally comprising compounds having a boiling point boiling point greater than or equal to 385°C.
- the naphtha cut can be sent, in whole or in part, to a steam cracking unit and/or to the naphtha storage unit from conventional oil feedstocks, it can still be recycled;
- the middle distillate cut can also be, in whole or in part, either sent to a steam cracking unit, or to a diesel storage unit from conventional oil feedstocks, or to step g) of hydrocracking when present, or still be recycled;
- the heavy cut can for its part be sent, at least in part, to a steam cracking unit, or be sent to the hydrocracking stage when it is present.
- the optional fractionation step f) can make it possible to obtain, in addition to a gas flow, a naphtha cut (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point less than or equal to 175°C, preferably between 80 and 175°C), and a kerosene cut (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point greater than 175°C and less than or equal to 280°C), a diesel cut (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point greater than 280°C and less than 385°C) and a heavy hydrocarbon cut (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point greater than or equal at 385°C).
- a naphtha cut generally comprising compounds having a boiling point less than or equal to 175°C, preferably between 80 and 175°C
- a kerosene cut generally comprising compounds having a boiling point greater than 175°C and less than or equal to 280°C
- a diesel cut generally comprising compounds having a boiling point greater than 280°C and less than 385°
- the naphtha cut, the kerosene cut and/or the diesel cut can (may) be, in whole or in part, either sent to a steam cracking unit, or respectively to a naphtha, kerosene or diesel pool from conventional oil feeds , or be recycled. Diesel and/or kerosene cuts can also be sent to hydrocracking step g) when present.
- the heavy cut can for its part be sent, at least in part, to a steam cracking unit, or be sent to step g) of hydrocracking when it is present.
- the naphtha cut resulting from step f) is fractionated into a heavy naphtha cut (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point between 80 and 175°C) and a light naphtha cut (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point below 80°C), at least part of said heavy naphtha cut being sent to an aromatic complex comprising at least one naphtha reforming step in order to produce aromatic compounds.
- a heavy naphtha cut generally comprising compounds having a boiling point between 80 and 175°C
- a light naphtha cut generally comprising compounds having a boiling point below 80°C
- the quantity of the recycled cut(s) is adjusted so that the weight ratio between the recycle flow and the feed comprising a pyrolysis oil, that is to say the feed to be treated supplying the overall process, is less than or equal to 10, preferably less than or equal to 7, and preferably greater than or equal to 0.001, preferably greater than or equal to 0.01, and preferably greater than or equal to 0.1.
- the quantity of the recycled cut(s) is adjusted so that the weight ratio between the recycle stream and the charge comprising a plastic pyrolysis oil is between 0.01 and 10, preferably between between 0.1 and 7, and particularly preferably between 0.2 and 5.
- the weight ratio between the total recycle flow and the charge comprising a plastic pyrolysis oil is between 0.01 and 10, preferably between 0.1 and 7, and particularly preferably between 0.2 and 5.
- the gaseous effluent(s) resulting from fractionation step f) may be subject to additional purification(s) and separation(s) in order to recover at least light hydrocarbons, in particular ethane, propane and butane, which can advantageously be sent separately or mixed into one or more ovens of steam cracking step h) so as to increase the overall yield of olefins.
- additional purification(s) and separation(s) in order to recover at least light hydrocarbons, in particular ethane, propane and butane, which can advantageously be sent separately or mixed into one or more ovens of steam cracking step h) so as to increase the overall yield of olefins.
- the process of the invention may comprise a step g) of hydrocracking carried out after step c) of hydrotreatment with at least part of said hydrotreated effluent from step c) or carried out after step f) fractionation with at least a portion of middle distillate cutting.
- step g) implements hydrocracking reactions well known to those skilled in the art, and more particularly makes it possible to convert heavy compounds, for example compounds having a boiling point greater than 175°C into compounds having a boiling point less than or equal to 175°C contained in the hydrocarbon effluent resulting from fractionation step f).
- Other reactions such as hydrogenation of olefins, aromatics, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, etc. can continue.
- the process of the invention may comprise a hydrocracking step g) implemented in a hydrocracking reaction section, implementing at least one fixed bed reactor having n catalytic beds, n being a greater integer or equal to 1, each comprising at least one hydrocracking catalyst, said hydrocracking reaction section being fed by at least part of said hydrotreated effluent from step c) and/or by at least part of the middle distillate cut from step f) and a third gas stream comprising hydrogen, said hydrocracking reaction section being carried out at an average temperature between 250 and 450°C, a partial pressure of hydrogen between 1.5 and 20.0 MPa abs. and an hourly volume velocity between 0.1 and 10.0 h -1 to obtain a first hydrocracked effluent.
- said hydrocracking reaction section is advantageously carried out at an average temperature between 250 and 480°C, preferably between 320 and 450°C, at a partial pressure of hydrogen between 1.5 and 20.0 MPa abs ., preferably between 3 and 18.0 MPa abs, and at an hourly volume velocity (WH) between 0.1 and 10.0 h' 1 , preferably between 0.1 and 5.0 h' 1 , preferably between 0.2 and 4 h'1 .
- the hydrogen coverage in step g) is advantageously between 80 and 2000 Nm 3 of hydrogen per m 3 of fresh feed which feeds step a), and preferably between 200 and 1800 Nm 3 of hydrogen per m 3 of fresh charge which feeds stage a).
- the definitions of mean temperature (WABT), WH and hydrogen coverage correspond to those described above.
- said hydrocracking reaction section is carried out at a pressure equivalent to that used in the reaction section of step a) of hydrogenation or of step c) of hydrotreatment.
- said step g) is implemented in a hydrocracking reaction section comprising at least one, preferably between one and five, fixed bed reactor(s) having n catalytic beds, n being an integer greater than or equal to one, preferably between one and ten, preferably between two and five, said bed(s) each comprising at least one, and preferably not more than ten, catalyst(s) d hydrocracking.
- a reactor comprises several catalytic beds, that is to say at least two, preferably between two and ten, preferably between two and five catalytic beds, said catalytic beds are preferably arranged in series in said reactor.
- the hydrocracked effluent can at least partly be recycled in step a) of hydrogenation and/or in step b) of hot separation and/or in step c) of hydrotreatment and/or in the step d) of hot separation and/or in step e) of cold separation and/or in step f) of fractionation.
- the hydrocracking step can be carried out in one (step g) or two steps (step g) and g')).
- a separation is carried out of the effluent resulting from the first hydrocracking stage g) making it possible to obtain a hydrocarbon cut comprising compounds having a boiling point greater than 175°C (cut middle distillates), which is introduced into the second hydrocracking step g') comprising a second dedicated hydrocracking reaction section, different from the first section hydrocracking reaction g).
- This configuration is particularly suitable when you wish to produce only a naphtha cut.
- the second hydrocracking step g') implemented in a hydrocracking reaction section, using at least one fixed bed reactor having n catalytic beds, n being an integer greater than or equal to 1, each comprising at least a hydrocracking catalyst, said hydrocracking reaction section being fed by at least a portion of the first hydrocracked effluent from the first hydrocracking step g) and a gas stream comprising hydrogen, said hydrocracking reaction section being implemented at an average temperature between 250 and 450°C, a partial pressure of hydrogen between 1.5 and 20.0 MPa abs. and an hourly volume velocity between 0.1 and 10.0 IT 1 , to obtain a second hydrocracked effluent.
- the preferred operating conditions and catalysts used in the second hydrocracking stage are those described for the first hydrocracking stage.
- the operating conditions and catalysts used in the two hydrocracking stages may be identical or different.
- Said second hydrocracking step is preferably implemented in a hydrocracking reaction section comprising at least one, preferably between one and five, fixed bed reactor(s) having n catalytic beds, n being a greater integer or equal to one, preferably between one and ten, preferably between two and five, said bed(s) each comprising at least one, and preferably not more than ten, catalyst(s) ) hydrocracking.
- the hydrocracked effluent from the second hydrocracking step g') can at least partly be recycled in the hydrogenation step a) and/or in the hot separation step b) and/or in step c) of hydrotreatment and/or in step d) of hot separation and/or in step e) of cold separation and/or in step f) of fractionation.
- the hydrocracking step(s) therefore does not necessarily make it possible to transform all the hydrocarbon compounds in the middle distillate cut into hydrocarbon compounds having a boiling point less than or equal to 175°C (naphtha cut).
- the fractionation step f there may therefore remain a more or less significant proportion of compounds having a boiling point greater than 175°C.
- At least part of this unconverted cut can be introduced into a second hydrocracking step g’). Another part can be purged.
- said purge may be between 0 and 10% by weight of the cut comprising compounds having a boiling point greater than 175°C relative to the incoming charge, and preferably between 0.5 % and 5% weight.
- the hydrocracking step(s) operate(s) in the presence of at least one hydrocracking catalyst.
- the hydrocracking catalyst(s) used in the hydrocracking step(s) are conventional hydrocracking catalysts known to those skilled in the art, of the bifunctional type combining an acid function with a function hydro-dehydrogenating agent and optionally at least one binder matrix.
- the acid function is provided by supports with a large surface area (150 to 800 m 2 /g generally) presenting superficial acidity, such as halogenated aluminas (chlorinated or fluorinated in particular), combinations of boron and aluminum oxides, amorphous silica-aluminas and zeolites.
- the hydrodehydrogenating function is provided by at least one metal from group VI B of the periodic table and/or at least one metal from group VIII.
- the hydrocracking catalyst(s) comprise a hydrodehydrogenating function comprising at least one Group VIII metal chosen from iron, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium and platinum, and preferably among cobalt and nickel.
- said catalyst(s) also comprise at least one metal from Group VI B chosen from chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, alone or as a mixture, and preferably from molybdenum and tungsten.
- Hydro-dehydrogenating functions of the NiMo, NiMoW, NiW type are preferred.
- the content of Group VIII metal in the hydrocracking catalyst(s) is advantageously between 0.5 and 15% by weight and preferably between 1 and 10% by weight, the percentages being expressed as a percentage by weight of oxides relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- the metal is cobalt or nickel
- the metal content is expressed as CoO and NiO respectively.
- the content of Group VI B metal in the hydrocracking catalyst(s) is advantageously between 5 and 35% by weight, and preferably between 10 and 30% by weight, the percentages being expressed as a percentage by weight of oxides relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- the metal is molybdenum or tungsten, the metal content is expressed as MoOs and WO3 respectively.
- the hydrocracking catalyst(s) may also optionally comprise at least one promoter element deposited on the catalyst and chosen from the group formed by phosphorus, boron and silicon, optionally at least one element from group VI IA (chlorine , preferred fluorine), optionally at least one element from group VI IB (preferred manganese), and optionally at least one element from group VB (preferred niobium).
- at least one promoter element deposited on the catalyst and chosen from the group formed by phosphorus, boron and silicon, optionally at least one element from group VI IA (chlorine , preferred fluorine), optionally at least one element from group VI IB (preferred manganese), and optionally at least one element from group VB (preferred niobium).
- the hydrocracking catalyst(s) comprise at least one amorphous or poorly crystallized porous mineral matrix of the oxide type chosen from aluminas, silicas, silica-aluminas, aluminates, alumina-boron oxide , magnesia, silica-magnesia, zirconia, titanium oxide, clay, alone or in a mixture, and preferably aluminas or silica-aluminas, alone or in a mixture.
- oxide type chosen from aluminas, silicas, silica-aluminas, aluminates, alumina-boron oxide , magnesia, silica-magnesia, zirconia, titanium oxide, clay, alone or in a mixture, and preferably aluminas or silica-aluminas, alone or in a mixture.
- the silica-alumina contains more than 50% by weight of alumina, preferably more than 60% by weight of alumina.
- the hydrocracking catalyst(s) also optionally comprise a zeolite chosen from Y zeolites, preferably from USY zeolites, alone or in combination, with other zeolites from beta zeolites, ZSM-12, IZM-2, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, SAPO-11, ZSM-48, ZBM-30, alone or in mixture.
- a zeolite chosen from Y zeolites, preferably from USY zeolites, alone or in combination, with other zeolites from beta zeolites, ZSM-12, IZM-2, ZSM-22, ZSM-23, SAPO-11, ZSM-48, ZBM-30, alone or in mixture.
- the zeolite is USY zeolite alone.
- the zeolite content in the hydrocracking catalyst(s) is advantageously between 0.1 and 80% by weight, preferably between 3 and 70% by weight, the percentages being expressed as a percentage of zeolite relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- a preferred catalyst comprises, and preferably consists of, at least one Group VIB metal and optionally at least one non-noble Group VIII metal, at least one promoter element, and preferably phosphorus, at least one Y zeolite and at least one alumina binder.
- An even more preferred catalyst comprises, and preferably consists of, nickel, molybdenum, phosphorus, a USY zeolite, and optionally also a beta zeolite, and alumina.
- Another preferred catalyst includes, and preferably consists of, nickel, tungsten, alumina and silica-alumina.
- Another preferred catalyst includes, and preferably consists of, nickel, tungsten, USY zeolite, alumina and silica-alumina.
- Said hydrocracking catalyst is for example in the form of extrudates.
- the hydrocracking catalyst used in the second hydrocracking step comprises a hydro-dehydrogenating function comprising at least one noble metal from group VIII chosen from palladium and platinum, alone or as a mixture.
- the content of noble metal from group VIII is advantageously between 0.01 and 5% by weight and preferably between 0.05 and 3% by weight, the percentages being expressed as a percentage by weight of oxides (PtO or PdO) relative to the weight. total catalyst.
- the hydrocracking catalyst further comprises one or more organic compounds containing oxygen and/or nitrogen and/or sulfur.
- a catalyst is often referred to as an “additive catalyst”.
- the organic compound is chosen from a compound comprising one or more chemical functions chosen from a carboxylic function, alcohol, thiol, thioether, sulfone, sulfoxide, ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, carbonate, amine, nitrile, imide, oxime, urea and amide or even compounds including a furanic cycle or even sugars.
- the preparation of the catalysts for the hydrogenation, hydrotreatment and hydrocracking stages is known and generally comprises a step of impregnation of metals from group VIII and group VI B when present, and optionally phosphorus and/or boron on the support, followed by drying, then possibly calcination.
- the preparation is generally done by simple drying without calcination after introduction of the organic compound.
- calcination means heat treatment under a gas containing air or oxygen at a temperature greater than or equal to 200°C.
- the catalysts are generally subjected to sulfurization in order to form the active species.
- the catalyst of step a) can also be a catalyst used in its reduced form, thus implying a reduction step in its preparation.
- the gas stream comprising hydrogen which feeds the hydrogenation, hydrotreatment and hydrocracking reaction section may consist of additional hydrogen and/or recycled hydrogen resulting in particular from step e) separation or even from step f) of fractionation.
- an additional gas flow comprising hydrogen is advantageously introduced at the inlet of each reactor, in particular operating in series, and/or at the inlet of each catalytic bed from the second catalytic bed of the reaction section.
- These additional gas flows are also called cooling flows. They make it possible to control the temperature in the reactor in which the reactions carried out are generally very exothermic.
- Said hydrotreated effluent or said hydrocarbon cut(s) thus obtained by treatment according to the process of the invention of a pyrolysis oil has a composition compatible with the specifications of an input charge to a steam cracking unit.
- the composition of the hydrotreated effluent or said hydrocarbon cut(s) is preferably such that:
- the total content of metallic elements is less than or equal to 10.0 ppm by weight, preferably less than or equal to 2.0 ppm by weight, preferably less than or equal to 1.0 ppm by weight and preferably less than or equal to 0, 8 ppm by weight, with: a content of silicon element (Si) less than or equal to 5.0 ppm by weight, preferably less than or equal to 1 ppm by weight, and preferably less than or equal to 0.6 ppm by weight and a content in iron element (Fe) less than or equal to 200 ppb by weight,
- the sulfur content is less than or equal to 500 ppm by weight, preferably less than or equal to 200 ppm by weight,
- the nitrogen content is less than or equal to 100 ppm by weight, preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm by weight and preferably less than or equal to 5 ppm by weight
- the total chlorine element content is less than or equal to 5.0 ppm by weight, preferably less than 1.0 ppm by weight
- the mercury content is less than or equal to 5 ppb by weight, preferably less than 3 ppb by weight.
- the process according to the invention therefore makes it possible to treat the pyrolysis oils to obtain at least one effluent which can be injected, in whole or in part, into at least one steam cracking unit.
- Heavy metal adsorption step (optional)
- Any gaseous effluent and/or any liquid effluent resulting from at least one of steps b), b'), d) and e) of separation or from step f) of fractionation, can be subjected to an optional step of adsorption of heavy metals.
- the gaseous effluents are in particular the first gaseous effluent from step b) and/or the gaseous effluent from step b') and/or the second gaseous effluent from step d) and/or third effluent gas from step e) and/or the fourth gaseous effluent from step f).
- the optional adsorption step makes it possible to eliminate or reduce the quantity of metallic impurities, in particular the quantity of heavy metals such as arsenic, zinc, lead, and in particular mercury, possibly present in said effluents. gases and liquids.
- Metallic impurities may be present in the feed and/or formed during the process steps. Their elimination or reduction may in particular be necessary when at least part of said gaseous and liquid effluents is intended to be sent to a steam cracking stage, either directly or after having undergone one or more optional additional stages such as the fractionation stage. f).
- the specifications for metal impurities entering the steam cracking stage, particularly mercury, may require such a step.
- This optional adsorption step is advantageously carried out in particular when at least one of these effluents or the load respectively comprises more than 20 ppb by weight, in particular more than 15 ppm by weight of metallic elements of heavy metals (As, Zn, Pb, Hg , ...), and in particular when at least one of these effluents or the load respectively comprises more than 10 ppm by weight of mercury, more particularly more than 15 ppm by weight of mercury.
- Said optional adsorption step is advantageously carried out at a temperature between 20 and 150°C, preferably between 40 and 100°C, and at a pressure between 0.15 and 10.0 MPa abs, preferably between 0. 2 and 1.0 MPa abs.
- Said optional adsorption step can be implemented by any adsorbent known to those skilled in the art making it possible to reduce the quantity of such contaminants.
- said optional adsorption step is implemented in an adsorption section operated in the presence of at least one adsorbent comprising a porous support and at least one active phase based on sulfur in the elemental form or in the form of metal sulfide.
- the porous support can be chosen indifferently from the families of aluminas, silica-aluminas, silicas, zeolites, activated carbons.
- the porous support is based on alumina.
- the specific surface area of the support is generally between 150 and 600 m 2 /g, preferably between 200 and 400 m 2 /g, even more preferably between 150 and 320 m 2 /g.
- the specific surface area of the adsorbent is a surface area measured by the BET method as described above.
- the active phase is based on sulfur in the elemental form or in the form of metal sulfide, in particular a sulfide of a metal from the group chosen from copper, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, nickel or cobalt.
- the active phase of the adsorbent comprises between 1 and 70% by weight of sulfur relative to the total weight of the adsorbent, preferably between 2 and 25% and very preferably between 3 and 20%.
- the proportion by weight of metal relative to the total weight of the adsorbent is generally between 1 and 60%, preferably between 2 and 40%, preferably between 5 and 30%, very preferably between 5 and 20%. %.
- the residence time in the adsorption section is generally between 1 and 180 minutes.
- Said adsorption section comprises at least one adsorption column, preferably comprises at least two adsorption columns, preferably between two and four adsorption columns, containing said adsorbent.
- a mode of operation can be an operation called "swing", according to the established Anglo-Saxon term, in which one of the columns is in line, i.e. i.e. in operation, while the other column is in reserve.
- Another mode of operation is to have at least two columns operating in series in swappable mode.
- the hydrocarbon effluent from cold separation step e), or at least one of the liquid hydrocarbon cuts from optional step f), can be sent in whole or in part to a steam cracking step h).
- the gaseous effluent(s) resulting from step b), b'), d), e) of separation and/or f) of fractional and containing ethane, propane and butane can (can) in whole or in part also be sent to step h) of steam cracking.
- Said steam cracking step h) is advantageously carried out in at least one pyrolysis oven at a temperature between 700 and 900°C, preferably between 750 and 850°C, and at a pressure between 0.05 and 0.3 MPa relative.
- the residence time of hydrocarbon compounds is generally less than or equal to 1.0 seconds (denoted s), preferably between 0.1 and 0.5 s.
- water vapor is introduced upstream of the optional steam cracking step h) and after the separation (or fractionation).
- the quantity of water introduced, advantageously in the form of water vapor is advantageously between 0.3 and 3.0 kg of water per kg of hydrocarbon compounds at the input of step h).
- the optional step h) is carried out in several pyrolysis ovens in parallel so as to adapt the operating conditions to the different flows supplying step h) in particular from step f), and also to manage the processing times. decoking of the tubes.
- a furnace comprises one or more tubes arranged in parallel.
- a furnace can also refer to a group of furnaces operating in parallel. For example, a furnace can be dedicated to cracking the middle distillate cut.
- steam cracking step h) includes the steam cracking furnaces but also the sub-steps associated with steam cracking well known to those skilled in the art. These sub-stages may include heat exchangers, columns and catalytic reactors and recycling to the ovens.
- a column generally makes it possible to fractionate the effluent with a view to recovering at least a light fraction comprising hydrogen and compounds having 2 to 5 carbon atoms, and a fraction comprising pyrolysis gasoline, and possibly a larger fraction. heavy.
- This steam cracking step h) makes it possible to obtain at least one effluent containing olefins comprising 2, 3 and/or 4 carbon atoms (that is to say C2, C3 and/or C4 olefins), at satisfactory contents, in particular greater than or equal to 30% by weight, in particular greater than or equal to 40% by weight, or even greater than or equal to 50% by weight of total olefins comprising 2, 3 and 4 carbon atoms relative to the weight of the effluent of steam cracking considered.
- Said C2, C3 and C4 olefins can then be advantageously used as polyolefin monomers.
- Figure 1 represents the diagram of a particular embodiment of the method of the present invention, comprising:
- step e) carried out at high pressure and low temperature (CH PS) and supplied by the first gaseous effluent 6, the second gaseous effluent 10 and at least part of the second liquid effluent 11 from step d) and an aqueous solution 12 and making it possible to obtain at least a third gaseous effluent 13 comprising hydrogen, an aqueous effluent 14 containing dissolved salts, and a hydrocarbon effluent 15;
- CH PS high pressure and low temperature
- step f) of fractionating the hydrocarbon effluent 15 making it possible to obtain at least a fourth gaseous effluent 16, a naphtha cut 17 (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point less than or equal to 175°C) and a middle distillate cut 18 (generally comprising compounds having a boiling point above 175°C).
- a naphtha cut 17 generally comprising compounds having a boiling point less than or equal to 175°C
- a middle distillate cut 18 generally comprising compounds having a boiling point above 175°C.
- part of the naphtha cut 17 can be sent to a steam cracking process (not shown). Another part of the naphtha cut 17 can feed the hydrogenation step a) and/or the hydrotreatment step c) (not shown).
- FIG 2 represents the diagram of another particular embodiment of the process of the present invention which is based on the diagram of Figure 1.
- This diagram includes in particular a hydrocracking step g) after the fractionation step f). in which at least part of the middle distillate cut 18 resulting from step f) feeds this hydrocracking step g) which is carried out in at least one fixed bed reactor comprising at minus a hydrocracking catalyst and is supplied with hydrogen 19.
- the hydrocracked effluent 20 is recycled upstream of separation step e).
- FIG 3 represents the diagram of another particular embodiment of the process of the present invention which is based on the diagram of Figure 1.
- This diagram includes in particular a hydrocracking step g) directly after step c) d hydrotreatment in which at least part of the hydrotreated effluent 9 from step c) feeds this hydrocracking step g) which is carried out in at least one fixed bed reactor comprising at least one hydrocracking catalyst and is supplied with hydrogen 19.
- Sending the hydrotreated effluent from hydrotreatment step c) directly to a hydrocracking step has the advantage of not having to repressurize it and therefore saves energy.
- the hydrocracked effluent 20 is then sent to hot separation step d).
- FIG 4 represents the diagram of another particular embodiment of the process of the present invention which is based on the diagram of Figure 1.
- This diagram includes in particular a step b') of cold separation/washing after the step b) hot separation and before step c) hydrotreatment in which at least part of the first liquid effluent 7 from step b) feeds this step b').
- Step b') is carried out at high pressure and low temperature (CHPS) and is supplied by the first liquid effluent 7 and an aqueous solution 21. It makes it possible to obtain at least one gaseous effluent 22 comprising hydrogen, a aqueous effluent 23 containing dissolved salts, and a hydrocarbon effluent 24 which is introduced into hydrotreatment step c). In this way, the halides in the form of hydrogen halides dissolved in the first liquid effluent 7 are released into the gaseous effluent 22 during cold separation step b').
- CHPS high pressure and low temperature
- step a) of hydrogenation instead of injecting the amine stream 3 at the inlet of step a) of hydrogenation, it is possible to inject it at the inlet of step c) of hydrotreatment, at the inlet of step e) separation, at the entrance to step g) of hydrocracking when it is present, or even not to inject it, depending on the characteristics of the feed.
- Example 1 is an example not in accordance with the invention without the first step b) of hot separation between step a) of hydrogenation and step c) of hydrotreatment.
- Example 2 is an example in accordance with the invention with the first step b) of hot separation between step a) of hydrogenation and step c) of hydrotreatment.
- Charge 1 treated in the process is a plastic pyrolysis oil (i.e. comprising 100% by weight of said plastic pyrolysis oil) having the characteristics indicated in Table 2.
- Charge 1 is subjected to a hydrogenation step a) carried out in a fixed bed reactor and in the presence of hydrogen 2 and a NiMo type hydrogenation catalyst on alumina under the operating conditions indicated in Table 4 allowing to obtain a hydrogenated effluent 5.
- the hydrogenated effluent 5 from step a) of hydrogenation is subjected directly, without separation, to a step c) of hydrotreatment carried out in a fixed bed and in the presence of hydrogen 8, and a NiMo type hydrotreatment catalyst on alumina under the conditions presented in Table 4.
- the hydrotreated effluent is then subjected to a hot separation step d) at a pressure substantially identical to that of the step c) and whose temperature is controlled at 300°C, making it possible to obtain a gaseous effluent and a liquid effluent.
- step e) a flow of water is injected into the mixture, the final mixture reaches a temperature of 40°C in a cold HP tank operating at a pressure substantially identical to that of step d), at the outlet of which we obtain a gas fraction rich in hydrogen, an aqueous fraction and the washed hydrocarbon effluent.
- the hydrotreated effluent is then introduced into a so-called low pressure separator tank at low temperature in order to eliminate the dissolved gases.
- the properties of the hydrotreated effluent, free of dissolved gases, are presented in Table 4 and comply with the specifications of a feed for a steam cracker. All or part of the hydrotreated effluent obtained can then be upgraded in a steam cracking step to form olefins which can be polymerized to form recycled plastics.
- the first liquid effluent 7 is then introduced into hydrotreatment step c) carried out in a fixed bed and in the presence of hydrogen 8, and a NiMo type hydrotreatment catalyst on alumina under the conditions presented in Table 4 to obtain a hydrotreated effluent 9.
- the first gaseous effluent 6, the second gaseous effluent 10 and the second liquid effluent 11 are then subjected to a cold separation step e): a flow of water 12 is injected into the mixture, the final mixture reaches a temperature of 40 °C in a cold HP tank operating at a pressure substantially identical to that of step d), at the outlet of which we obtain a hydrogen-rich gas fraction 13, an aqueous fraction 14 and the washed hydrocarbon effluent 15.
- Table 4 operating conditions of steps a), b), c), d) and e) and properties of the hydrotreated effluent. It is observed that to obtain a hydrotreated effluent meeting the specifications of a feed for a steam cracker, the average temperature of hydrotreatment step c) according to example 2 is 8°C lower than that according to example 1 .
- the average temperature can be increased to compensate for the catalytic deactivation. Increasing the temperature is possible up to a temperature at which catalyst replacement becomes necessary (temperature at the end of the cycle).
- Table 5 shows the effect on cycle time of hydrotreatment step c) with or without hot separation step b).
- the cycle duration according to example 1 is 12 months, while the cycle duration according to example 2 is 20 months.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2214118A FR3144155B1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 | Procede de traitement d’huiles de pyrolyse de plastiques et/ou de pneus incluant l’elimination des halogenures avant une etape d’hydrotraitement |
| PCT/EP2023/083679 WO2024132436A1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2023-11-30 | Procede de traitement d'huiles de pyrolyse de plastiques et/ou de pneus incluant l'elimination des halogenures avant une etape d'hydrotraitement |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP4638649A1 true EP4638649A1 (fr) | 2025-10-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23817688.7A Pending EP4638649A1 (fr) | 2022-12-21 | 2023-11-30 | Procede de traitement d'huiles de pyrolyse de plastiques et/ou de pneus incluant l'elimination des halogenures avant une etape d'hydrotraitement |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4638649A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120380110A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3144155B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024132436A1 (fr) |
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| FR2538813A1 (fr) | 1982-12-31 | 1984-07-06 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede d'hydrotraitement convertissant en au moins deux etapes une fraction lourde d'hydrocarbures contenant des impuretes soufrees et des impuretes metalliques |
| US4818743A (en) | 1983-04-07 | 1989-04-04 | Union Oil Company Of California | Desulfurization catalyst and the catalyst prepared by a method |
| US5089463A (en) | 1988-10-04 | 1992-02-18 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Hydrodemetalation and hydrodesulfurization catalyst of specified macroporosity |
| US5622616A (en) | 1991-05-02 | 1997-04-22 | Texaco Development Corporation | Hydroconversion process and catalyst |
| FR2681871B1 (fr) | 1991-09-26 | 1993-12-24 | Institut Francais Petrole | Procede d'hydrotraitement d'une fraction lourde d'hydrocarbures en vue de la raffiner et de la convertir en fractions plus legeres. |
| US5221656A (en) | 1992-03-25 | 1993-06-22 | Amoco Corporation | Hydroprocessing catalyst |
| US5827421A (en) | 1992-04-20 | 1998-10-27 | Texaco Inc | Hydroconversion process employing catalyst with specified pore size distribution and no added silica |
| US6332976B1 (en) | 1996-11-13 | 2001-12-25 | Institut Francais Du Petrole | Catalyst containing phosphorous and a process hydrotreatment of petroleum feeds using the catalyst |
| US6589908B1 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2003-07-08 | Shell Oil Company | Method of making alumina having bimodal pore structure, and catalysts made therefrom |
| FR2839902B1 (fr) | 2002-05-24 | 2007-06-29 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Catalyseur d'hydroraffinage et/ou d'hydroconversion et son utilisation dans des procedes d'hydrotraitement de charges hydrocarbonees |
| EP1627027A1 (fr) | 2003-05-16 | 2006-02-22 | Albemarle Netherlands B.V. | Procede et catalyseur pour l'elimination de l'arsenic et d'autres metaux contenus dans une charge d'hydrocarbures |
| CN102051202B (zh) | 2009-10-27 | 2015-01-14 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种焦化石脑油捕硅剂及其应用 |
| WO2016142809A1 (fr) | 2015-03-10 | 2016-09-15 | Sabic Global Technologies, B.V. | Procédé robuste intégré pour la conversion de déchets de matières plastiques en produits pétrochimiques finis |
| FR3051375B1 (fr) | 2016-05-18 | 2018-06-01 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Dispositif de filtration et de distribution pour reacteur catalytique. |
| JP6824981B2 (ja) | 2015-11-13 | 2021-02-03 | サビック グローバル テクノロジーズ ベスローテン フェンノートシャップ | 炭化水素供給物流の塩化物含有量を減少させるための触媒プロセス |
| FI128911B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2025-05-27 | Neste Oyj | Cleaning of recycled and renewable organic material |
| FI128069B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2024-04-24 | Neste Oyj | Purification of recycled and renewable organic material |
| FI20195446A1 (en) | 2019-05-28 | 2020-11-29 | Neste Oyj | Alkali-enhanced hydrothermal purification of plastic pyrolysis oils |
| CN113966381A (zh) | 2019-06-20 | 2022-01-21 | 托普索公司 | 预热加氢处理反应器进料流的方法 |
| FI128848B (en) | 2019-11-29 | 2021-01-29 | Neste Oyj | Two-step process for converting liquid plastic waste into steam cracking feed |
| FR3114598B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-25 | 2023-09-29 | Ifp Energies Now | Procede de traitement d’huiles de pyrolyse de plastiques et/ou de combustibles solides de recuperation chargees en impuretes |
| EP4244311A1 (fr) | 2020-11-13 | 2023-09-20 | Topsoe A/S | Procédé de traitement d'une charge d'alimentation comprenant des halogénures |
-
2022
- 2022-12-21 FR FR2214118A patent/FR3144155B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-11-30 WO PCT/EP2023/083679 patent/WO2024132436A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-11-30 EP EP23817688.7A patent/EP4638649A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-11-30 CN CN202380087329.3A patent/CN120380110A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024132436A1 (fr) | 2024-06-27 |
| FR3144155B1 (fr) | 2026-04-24 |
| CN120380110A (zh) | 2025-07-25 |
| FR3144155A1 (fr) | 2024-06-28 |
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