EP4634940A1 - Procede continu pour separer les cations du strontium a partir d'un milieu liquide, avec un materiau comprenant un geopolymere et des particules d'un echangeur ionique - Google Patents
Procede continu pour separer les cations du strontium a partir d'un milieu liquide, avec un materiau comprenant un geopolymere et des particules d'un echangeur ioniqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4634940A1 EP4634940A1 EP23837755.0A EP23837755A EP4634940A1 EP 4634940 A1 EP4634940 A1 EP 4634940A1 EP 23837755 A EP23837755 A EP 23837755A EP 4634940 A1 EP4634940 A1 EP 4634940A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- geopolymer
- particles
- solid
- strontium
- liquid medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/12—Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/02—Processes using inorganic exchangers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/10—Oxides or hydroxides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J39/00—Cation exchange; Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/08—Use of material as cation exchangers; Treatment of material for improving the cation exchange properties
- B01J39/14—Base exchange silicates, e.g. zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/018—Granulation; Incorporation of ion-exchangers in a matrix; Mixing with inert materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J47/00—Ion-exchange processes in general; Apparatus therefor
- B01J47/02—Column or bed processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/42—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange
- C02F2001/425—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by ion-exchange using cation exchangers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/006—Radioactive compounds
Definitions
- the invention relates to a continuous process for separating strontium (Sr) cations from a liquid medium, with a material comprising a geopolymer and particles of an ion exchanger, said material being in the form of particles non-powdery forming a fixed bed, for example forming a packing of a column.
- continuous process we mean a process implemented continuously.
- the invention finds its application more particularly in the field of the treatment of liquid effluents and, in particular, the treatment of radioactive or toxic liquid effluents with a view to eliminating strontium cations, in particular cations of radioactive isotopes of strontium. like the 90 Sr.
- the materials currently used in columns to decontaminate liquids containing strontium cations (Sr) - and in particular radioactive isotopes thereof including strontium 90 - are materials based on agglomerated powders in the form of granules.
- These granules generally include an ion exchanger such as a zeolite or a crystalline silicotitanate for the most selective strontium cations as well as a binder.
- an ion exchanger such as a zeolite or a crystalline silicotitanate for the most selective strontium cations as well as a binder.
- the binder of the granules is generally non-porous or not very porous, which leads to a loss of efficiency during the use of these granules in fixed bed column treatment processes. In fact, the interior of the granules is difficult to access, if at all, accessible to the effluent to be treated and the specific exchange surface is therefore very low.
- these materials have slow sorption kinetics (due to the low porosity or even the absence of porosity of the binder) and a very small proportion of the available active sites is used, which leads to a reduction in decontamination capacities in Sr and consequently an increase in the quantity of material necessary for the decontamination of a given volume.
- Geopolymers for cation decontamination of Sr are not selective and this leads to the use of a large quantity of materials and therefore also the formation of a large quantity of waste.
- the additive In the context of the specific application of the invention for the selective extraction of Sr in fixed bed processes, the additive must be carefully identified and selected before its integration into the geopolymer, in order to possess exchange properties. ionic selective with respect to Sr depending on the effluents to be treated. This is absolutely not mentioned in document [1].
- Document [1] also does not give any indications which could ensure optimal use of the material of this document in a fixed bed, column process. Indeed, such use requires specific shaping of the material lining the column in order to ensure that the properties of this material, such as capacity and selectivity, particularly with respect to Sr, are the best, while by limiting pressure losses throughout the installation integrating the column.
- Document [2] describes a process for preparing a material consisting of a monolithic geopolymer foam comprising nanoparticles of a metal coordination polymer with CN ligands corresponding to the formula [Alk + x]M n+ [M'(CN)m] z- .
- This document also relates to the foam prepared by this process, and the use of this foam to separate a metal or metalloid ion from a flow containing said metal or metalloid ion.
- the process of preparing this mousse includes several steps. During a first step a), a geopolymer foam is brought into contact with a solution containing at least one M n+ ion. Then, during a second step b), the geopolymer foam obtained at the end of step a) is brought into contact with a solution of a salt or complex of [M'(CN) m ] z “ and at least one alkali metal salt, whereby the geopolymer foam comprising nanoparticles of a metal coordination polymer is obtained.
- This multi-step process complicates the overall synthesis of the material, making it difficult to scale up to an industrial scale. This process further limits the amount of coordination polymer that can be introduced into the geopolymer.
- the coordination polymer nanoparticles are only coated on the surface of the macropores of the foam and are not present in the mesoporous walls of the latter, which limits the contact surface with an effluent and therefore the total capacity of the material. .
- Document [3] describes a solid material with open and at least partially interconnected multiple porosity, comprising a matrix of a microporous and mesoporous geopolymer, in which open macropores are defined at least partially interconnected delimited by walls or walls of microporous geopolymer and mesoporous, and particles of at least one solid compound distinct from the geopolymer being distributed in the macropores and/or in the walls or walls.
- This material therefore contains macropores with sometimes thin walls and sharp junctions due to the interconnection of the porosity. These walls thus present a weakened mechanical strength, particularly during the passage of an effluent, which can cause their degradation and the formation of fine particles likely to clog a column.
- Document [3] also describes the synthesis of this material.
- the synthesis process involves the formulation of a water-in-oil emulsion comprising material precursors as well as the removal of the oil phase once the material has hardened. This greatly complicates the synthesis process and makes the material difficult to industrialize.
- the aim of the present invention is, among other things, to meet the needs for such a process, listed above.
- the aim of the present invention is also to provide such a process which does not present the defects, limitations and disadvantages of the processes of the prior art, in particular the processes described in the documents of the prior art cited above, and which resolves the problems of these processes.
- non-powdery we mean that the grains obtained have a sufficiently large size so as not to be emitted suspended in the air, nor to be transported there.
- the particles of at least one solid inorganic selective strontium cation exchanger compound, distinct from the geopolymer, are sometimes called active particles, for the sake of simplification.
- particles therefore applies to the solid inorganic compound which selectively exchanges strontium cations.
- the inorganic matrix made of a geopolymer can also be called “geopolymer binder” or “geopolymer skeleton”.
- the term “grains” applies to the mesoporous solid material as a whole which is a geopolymer/particle composite which constitutes the fixed bed in the form of a plurality of discrete grains such as granules, extrudates or beads.
- the process according to the invention differs from the processes according to the prior art in that it uses a specific material, combination of a geopolymer with specific porosity and active particles specifically chosen with the aim of selectively fixing the cations of the Sr, distributed in the mesoporosity and accessible via the mesoporosity, making it possible to obtain a high Sr binding capacity, high selectivity with respect to Sr, very rapid sorption kinetics and optimized column dynamics.
- the process according to the invention is carried out specifically in a fixed bed, in a column because the material it uses has the robustness and mechanical resistance necessary for this and the grain size of the material is adapted to this bed process. fixed.
- geometric polymer or “matrix” or “geopolymer skeleton” is meant in the context of the present invention a solid and porous material in the dry state, obtained following the hardening of a mixture containing finely ground materials (i.e. generally an alumino-silicate source) and a saline solution (i.e. an activation solution), said mixture being capable of setting and hardening over time.
- This mixture can also be referred to as “geopolymeric mixture”, “geopolymeric composition” or even “geopolymer paste”.
- the hardening of the geopolymer is the result of the dissolution/polycondensation of the finely ground materials of the geopolymeric mixture in a saline solution such as a high pH saline solution (i.e. the activation solution).
- a geopolymer or geopolymer matrix or skeleton is an amorphous alumino-silicate inorganic polymer.
- Said geopolymer is obtained from a reactive material containing essentially silica and aluminum (ie the alumino-silicate source), activated by a strongly alkaline solution (activation solution), the solid/solution mass ratio in the wording being weak.
- the structure of a geopolymer is composed of a Si-O-AI network formed of tetrahedra of silicates (Si ⁇ 4) and aluminates (AIO4) linked at their vertices by sharing oxygen atoms.
- compensating cation(s) charge also called compensation cation(s) which make it possible to compensate for the negative charge of the AIOT complex.
- Said compensation cation(s) is (are) advantageously chosen from the group consisting of alkali metals such as lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb ) and cesium (Cs), alkaline earth metals such as magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba) and mixtures thereof.
- mesoporous geopolymer u we mean a geopolymer having mesopores, having mesoporosity.
- pores means pores whose average dimension such as a diameter is 2 to 50 nm.
- the geopolymer of the solid mesoporous material used in the process according to the invention has a single scale of porosity, namely a mesoporosity, and does not have a hierarchical porosity like that of the geopolymer of the material described in document [3].
- mesoporous solid material used in the process according to the invention does not have macroporosity with thin and fragile walls, it is much more robust and mechanically resistant than, in particular, the material of document [3].
- This mesoporous solid material due to its robustness and its great mechanical resistance, can therefore be used in the form of non-powdery grains, which cannot be emitted suspended in the air and nor be transported there, forming a fixed bed, for example forming a packing of a column.
- the solid mesoporous material used in the process according to the invention is a solid material with open mesoporosity.
- open mesoporosity we mean that this mesoporosity is accessible for a liquid medium such as an effluent placed in contact with the material.
- This mesoporosity is also at least partly connected (or interconnected), or even completely interconnected, that is to say that the fluid can pass through the material by passing through the pores connected to each other.
- This mesoporosity also allows access of a fluid to the active particles.
- the invention in addition to the simple presence of particles of at least one solid inorganic compound which selectively exchanges strontium cations, it is possible to choose the nature and size of these particles almost without any limit and independently of the geopolymer matrix. .
- a geopolymer skeleton has many advantages over a metal oxide skeleton.
- a geopolymer skeleton intrinsically has better mechanical strength than a metal oxide skeleton also obtained by sol-gel process.
- the geopolymer skeleton of the mesoporous solid material used in the process according to the invention comprises mesopores, whereas a metal oxide skeleton does not.
- a metal oxide skeleton does not.
- the mesoporous solid material used in the process according to the invention has mesoporosity, is mechanically robust and integrates particles of at least one inorganic solid compound which selectively exchanges strontium cations, for a specific application in a fixed bed, in column.
- the material used in the process according to the invention ensures improved accessibility of the Sr cations contained in the liquid medium, such as an effluent to be treated, to the particles distributed in the material due in particular to the interconnectivity which exists between the mesopores.
- the grains of the mesoporous solid material are non-powder grains such as grains, seeds, granules, extrudates, beads, or balls with generally an average size, such as a diameter, of 100 pm to 5 mm, preferably of 300 pm at 5 mm, more preferably from 300 pm to 500 pm. These grains of solid mesoporous material form a fixed bed, for example form a packing of a column. Grains which generally have the size as specified above, can in fact be described as non-powdery, because this size does not define a powder, which can be defined as having a size strictly less than 100 ⁇ m. These non-powdery particles thus avoid the risk of clogging when used in a fixed bed, in a column, and limit pressure losses.
- non-powder grains such as grains, seeds, granules, extrudates, beads, or balls with generally an average size, such as a diameter, of 100 pm to 5 mm, preferably of 300 pm at 5 mm, more
- grains with an average size of 300 ⁇ m to 5 mm, preferably 300 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, are particularly suitable for use in a fixed bed by packing a column.
- size we generally mean the largest dimension, such as the diameter, of the particles of mesoporous solid material.
- the particles of at least one solid inorganic compound selective for strontium cation exchange, distinct from the geopolymer can be chosen from the group consisting of nanometric particles (generally defined by their diameter of 2 to 100 nm), submicron particles ( generally defined by their diameter of 100 nm to 1 pm) and micron particles (generally defined by their diameter of 1 to 10 pm) and may in particular have an average size, such as a diameter, of 2 nm to 50 pm, of preferably from 10 nm to 10 pm, more preferably from 20 nm to 1 pm.
- size we also mean here the largest dimension, such as the diameter, of the particles of the at least one solid inorganic selective exchanger for strontium cations distinct from the geopolymer.
- the active particles of at least one solid inorganic compound which selectively exchanges strontium cations have the shape of a ball, bead, sphere or spheroid, or even an acicular shape.
- the material according to the invention comprising such active particles, 100% mineral, and the geopolymer itself 100% mineral, is then also 100% mineral which therefore makes it entirely compatible with nuclear waste management sectors.
- the solid inorganic, mineral compound, selective strontium cation exchanger, distinct from the geopolymer can be chosen from the group consisting of zeolites; alkaline silicotitanates, such as sodium silicotitanate; and their mixtures.
- the solid inorganic, mineral, selective strontium cation exchanger compound can be chosen according to the properties of the liquid, such as an effluent, and of the contaminant to be extracted which it is intended to treat, such as salinity and pH.
- This inorganic solid compound which selectively exchanges strontium cations can for example be an ion exchanger based on sodium silicotitanate in the case where the effluent also contains calcium cations (Ca) in order to minimize the competition between the Sr cations and Ca cations, or an ion exchanger based on LTA zeolite in the case where the effluent also contains sodium cations (Na) in order to minimize competition between Sr cations and Na cations.
- Ca calcium cations
- Na sodium cations
- the particle content of the at least one solid inorganic compound selective for strontium cation exchange, distinct from the geopolymer is 0.05 to 70% by mass, preferably 10 to 40% by mass, of the total mass of the mesoporous solid material.
- the used fixed bed containing the strontium cations fixed on the particles is directly transformed into a conditioning material.
- This conditioning material can advantageously be obtained by blocking the grains of the solid mesoporous material directly within the fixed bed by incorporating a binder, for example geopolymer or cementitious, making it possible to form a dense monolithic material incorporating the grains of mesoporous materials.
- - can, in general, be easily prepared by a process that is easy to implement and easily transposable to an industrial scale.
- composition and shaping geometry which makes it possible to adapt the material to any type of effluent and any type of fixed bed or column process.
- the mesoporous solid material used in the process according to the invention, as just described, can be prepared by the process described below.
- This process for preparing the mesoporous solid material may comprise at least the following successive steps: a) a first aqueous suspension of particles of at least one inorganic solid compound which selectively exchanges strontium cations is mixed, in water or in an aqueous solution comprising a surfactant, with an aqueous activation solution and an aluminosilicate source capable of forming the geopolymer by dissolution/polycondensation, whereby a second aqueous suspension is obtained; b) the second aqueous suspension is allowed to stand, and the geopolymer skeleton is formed by polycondensation, whereby the solid material with open mesoporosity is obtained, comprising a skeleton made of a mesoporous geopolymer, having open mesoporosity, and particles of at least one inorganic solid compound selective exchanger of strontium cations, distinct from the geopolymer, being distributed in the mesoporosity and accessible
- step a) comprises the following successive steps al), a2) and a3): al) a first aqueous suspension of particles of at least one solid inorganic compound which selectively exchanges strontium cations is prepared, in water or in an aqueous solution comprising a surfactant; a2) an aqueous activation solution is added to the first aqueous suspension of particles of at least one solid inorganic compound which selectively exchanges strontium cations obtained at the end of step al), whereby an aqueous suspension is obtained a2; a3) an aluminosilicate source capable of forming the geopolymer by dissolution/polycondensation is added to the aqueous suspension a2, whereby said second aqueous suspension is obtained.
- the concentration of particles in the second suspension is chosen as a function of the final concentration of particles of at least one solid inorganic selective strontium cation exchange compound, distinct from the geopolymer, desired in the prepared material.
- the suspension a2 is homogenized, for example by mechanical stirring.
- the second suspension is homogenized, for example by mechanical stirring.
- mechanical stirring we generally mean mechanical stirring which uses a stirring device equipped with a blade rod or, preferably, a homogenization or dispersion device (for example of the Ultra-Turrax type, IKA®) which can be equipped with a dispersion rod having a rotor/stator system.
- a homogenization or dispersion device for example of the Ultra-Turrax type, IKA®
- the second aqueous solution is allowed to stand, so that the geopolymer skeleton can form by polycondensation in the second aqueous suspension, and it is shaped and shaped to obtain a size and a chosen shape.
- This preparation process is very simple because the solid mesoporous material is prepared by simple addition of active solid particles during the synthesis of the geopolymer.
- This preparation process allows the synthesis of the material used in the process according to the invention, that is to say a material with mesoporosity, mechanically robust and integrating active particles with improved accessibility of the active particles to the liquid medium, such as an effluent to be treated.
- aluminosilicate source and the expression “reactive material containing essentially silica and aluminum” are, in the present invention, similar and usable interchangeably.
- the reactive material containing essentially silica and aluminum which can be used to prepare the geopolymer skeleton of the solid mesoporous material is advantageously a solid source containing amorphous aluminosilicates, known from the prior art for the preparation of geopolymer, such as kaolinite or metakaolin.
- activation solution is meant the high pH saline solution well known in the field of geopolymerization.
- the latter is a strongly alkaline aqueous solution which may possibly contain silicate components chosen in particular from the group consisting of silica, colloidal silica and vitreous silica.
- the terms "activation solution”, “high pH saline solution” and “strong alkaline solution” are, herein, similar and usable interchangeably.
- strong alkaline or “high pH”, we mean a solution whose pH is greater than 9, in particular greater than 10, in particular greater than 11 and, more particularly greater than 12.
- the activation solution comprises the compensation cation or the mixture of compensation cations as previously defined in the form of an ionic solution or a salt.
- the activation solution is chosen in particular from an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (NazSiOs), potassium silicate (KzSiOz), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), cesium hydroxide (CsOH) and their derivatives etc.
- this preparation process is carried out under mild conditions, at low temperatures, generally at room temperature and atmospheric pressure,
- this preparation process uses commercially available, inexpensive and non-toxic reagents, in particular for the activation solution and the aluminosilicate source, the reaction media being essentially aqueous.
- this preparation process unlike processes involving an oil-in-water emulsion, does not use organic solvents but only aqueous phases and it is therefore environmentally friendly and economical.
- this preparation process is simple, reliable, and easy to implement. It can be achieved with simple installation and equipment.
- this preparation process can be a process all of the steps of which can be carried out in a single reactor.
- step b) when the solid material with open mesoporosity obtained at the end of step b) is in the form of a monolith, we then produce, at the end of step b), the following successive steps c), d), e) and f): c) grinding the monolith to obtain grains; d) sieving the grains obtained at the end of step c) to obtain non-pulverulent particles such as grains, seeds, granules, pearls, or balls having a determined average size; preferably an average size, such as a diameter, of 100 ⁇ m to 5 mm, more preferably of 300 ⁇ m to 5 mm; e) washing the non-powdery particles obtained at the end of step d); f) drying of non-powdery particles.
- Step c) is a coarse grinding step, that is to say a step during which we do not seek to control the particle size of the grains obtained which is therefore very large.
- Step d) is carried out so as to obtain non-powdery grains with a particle size, a size distribution desired for the intended use of the material, for example an average size of 300 pm to 5 mm, which is the best particle size. suitable for use in a column treatment process.
- Step e) is necessary to eliminate the fine particles which adhere to the grains following grinding (these fine particles are in fact likely to clog the column) as well as to eliminate the surplus cations resulting from geopolymerization.
- One or more washes can be carried out, for example with demineralized water.
- Step f) can be carried out at a temperature of 30°C to 90°C, for a period of 1 to 48 hours.
- the second aqueous suspension is extruded to form extrudates having a shape and size determined, controlled, which can be chosen with regard to the process in which the extrudates of mesoporous solid material are used.
- the second aqueous suspension can be atomized to form balls or pearls of solid mesoporous material, the size of which is determined depending on the application according to the method of the invention.
- the process according to the invention can be used in particular in nuclear decontamination and the depollution of liquid effluents by ion exchange in a fixed bed, in a column, the material being in a granular form.
- said liquid medium can be an aqueous liquid medium, such as an aqueous solution.
- Said liquid medium may be a process liquid or an industrial effluent.
- said liquid medium can be chosen from liquids and effluents from industry and nuclear installations and activities using radionuclides.
- the Sr cation may be present at a concentration of 0.1 picogram at 500 mg/L, preferably 0.1 picogram at 100 mg/L.
- Zeolites as well as silicotitanates are particularly well suited to the separation of Sr.
- the material in the form of grains forming a fixed bed for example forming a packing of A column can be densified by adding a suspension of geopolymer precursors to the spent column.
- Figure 1 is a photograph of the Geopo-Zéo-27 grains (300-500 pm) of a selective geopolymer-adsorbent composite material obtained in Example 1.
- Figure 2A presents the diffractograms obtained for the “Géopo-Zéo” materials comprising a geopolymer and the LTA zeolite prepared in Example 1 as well as that of the “Géopo-0” material and the LTA zeolite powder.
- On the abscissa is 20 (in 0 ) and on the ordinate is the intensity (in arbitrary units).
- Figure 2B presents the diffractograms obtained for the “Géopo-CST” materials comprising a geopolymer and the crystalline CST silicotitanate of Na, prepared in Example 1 as well as that of the “Géopo-0” material and the CST silicotitanate powder of Na. Na (“CST powder”).
- CST powder On the abscissa is 20 (at 0 ).
- On the ordinate is the intensity (in arbitrary units).
- Figure 3A presents the pore size distributions in the “Géopo-0” materials corresponding to the pure geopolymer and “Géopo-Zéo” comprising a geopolymer and the LTA zeolite prepared in Example 1.
- the pore diameter in nm
- dV(r) in cm3/nm/g.
- Figure 3B presents the pore size distributions in “Géopo-CST” materials comprising a geopolymer and the crystalline silicotitanate CST of Na, prepared in Example 1 as well as the pore size distribution in the “Géopo-0” material. ". On the abscissa is plotted the pore diameter (in nm), and on the ordinate is plotted dV(r) (in cm 3 /nm/g).
- Figure 4 represents the evolution of the maximum sorption capacity of the materials prepared in Example 1, as a function of their mass percentage of zeolite (“-zeo”) or silicotitanate (“-CST”), and also shows the maximum sorption capacity of the geopolymer alone (“geopo”) (see example 3).
- the square ⁇ corresponds to the geopolymer alone (“geopo”)
- the circles • correspond to the “Géopo-Zéo” materials comprising a geopolymer and the LTA zeolite
- the triangles ⁇ correspond to the “Géopo-CST” materials comprising a geopolymer and the silicotitanate crystalline CST of Na.
- Figure 5 represents the evolution of the distribution coefficient KD of the materials prepared with respect to strontium as a function of their mass percentage of adsorbent (zeolite or silicotitanate), and also shows the distribution coefficient KD of the geopolymer alone (see example 3).
- the square ⁇ corresponds to the geopolymer alone (“geopo”), the circles • correspond to the “Géopo-Zéo” materials comprising a geopolymer and the LTA zeolite, and the triangles ⁇ correspond to the “Géopo-CST” materials comprising a geopolymer and the silicotitanate crystalline CST of Na.
- On the abscissa is plotted the mass percentage of adsorbent (zeolite or silicotitanate) and on the ordinate is plotted the distribution coefficient KD with respect to Sr (in mL/g).
- Figure 6 presents the evolution of the sorption capacity of Sr as a function of the contact time between the material and the solution, for the “Géopo-Zéo-27” material prepared in example 1, and for the geopolymer alone in namely the “Géopo-0” material.
- the squares ⁇ correspond to the geopolymer, and the triangles ⁇ correspond to the “Géopo-Zéo-27” materials including a geopolymer and the LTA zeolite.
- On the abscissa is the contact time (in minutes), and on the ordinate is the sorption capacity of Sr: Q. (in mg.g -1 ).
- Figure 7 presents the evolution of the distribution coefficient of the Géopo-0 and Géopo-Zéo-27 materials as a function of the Sr concentration at equilibrium in the solution.
- Figure 7 shows the sorption isotherms carried out on the Géopo-0 and Géopo-Zéo-27 materials in a saline matrix (see example 3).
- the squares ⁇ correspond to the geopolymer, and the triangles ⁇ correspond to the “Géopo-Zéo-27” materials including a geopolymer and the LTA zeolite.
- Figure 8 presents the breakthrough curves for “Géopo-Zéo Tl” materials; “Géopo-CST-5” and “Géopo-CST-10”, prepared in Example 1, that is to say the evolution of the Sr concentration ([Sr]) (normalized by the Sr concentration initial ([Sr]O) depending on the volume of effluent having passed through the column (see example 4).
- the squares ⁇ correspond to the “Géopo-Zéo-27” material, the circles • correspond to the “Géopo-CST-5” material. » and the triangles ⁇ correspond to the material “Géopo-CST-10”.
- abscissa is plotted as the volume of effluent having passed through the column (in mL), and on the ordinate is plotted [Sr]/[Sr]o-
- the solid particles are particles of at least one solid inorganic compound which selectively exchanges strontium cations.
- Sr-selective ion exchanger selection of the Sr-selective ion exchanger according to the properties of the effluent to be treated, such as salinity or pH.
- properties of the effluent to be treated such as salinity or pH.
- an ion exchanger based on sodium silicotitanate will be preferred in the event of competition for adsorption of Sr with Ca or an ion exchanger based on LTA zeolite in the event of competition with Na;
- shaping of the material according to a route adapted to the constraints of the decontamination process coarse grinding of the composite and sieving to select the particle size best suited to column processes (generally centered on 300 pm - 5 mm), synthesis of beads or extrudates, etc.
- Example 1 Synthesis of composite materials used in the process according to the invention and a reference material.
- CST crystalline silicotitanate
- the average particle size of Zeolite LTA is 200 to 500 nm, and the average particle size of CST is less than 100 nm.
- composition of the geopolymer has been optimized to generate the formation of a mesoporous geopolymer binder, which makes the selective adsorbent accessible to the effluent to be treated and sufficiently robust mechanically so as not to crumble during the decontamination process.
- Step 1 a predefined quantity of submicron selective adsorbent powder (either LTA zeolite or CST) is added to 1.77 mL of water and placed for 15 minutes in an ultrasonic bath.
- the quantities of adsorbent used were calculated so that the particles could represent between 5 and 27% by weight of the final material. These quantities are as follows: 0.420 g of adsorbent for 5% by mass, 0.887 g of adsorbent for 10% by mass, 1.995 g of adsorbent for 20% by mass and 2.952 g of adsorbent for Tl% by mass.
- Step 2 addition to the suspension obtained at the end of step 1, of 2.12 mL of a solution composed of 81% by weight of a commercial inorganic binder called Betol® K5020T (available from the company Wôllner 8 ) based on an aqueous solution of modified potassium silicate, and composed of SiO? at 30% by mass, K2O at 18% by mass, and H2O at 52% by mass; and 19% by mass of KOH (at 85%, marketed by Sigma-Aldrich).
- Betol® K5020T available from the company Wôllner 8
- the suspension is then homogenized manually.
- Step 3 Addition to the suspension obtained at the end of step 2 of 2.64 g of clay powder, namely Metakaolin (Métamax' from BASF).
- the suspension obtained is once again homogenized manually or using an Ultra-Turrax’ homogenizer equipped with an S25N-18G dispersion head at a shear speed of between 3000 and 5000 rpm.
- Step 4 The monolithic material is crushed, then the grains of material obtained are sieved to finally obtain grains with a size distribution between 300 and 500 pm.
- Step 5 A washing step is carried out.
- Figure 1 is a photograph of the grains (300-500 pm) of a selective geopolymer-adsorbent composite material obtained at the end of the synthesis described above, called Géopo-Zéo-27.
- a so-called reference material is also prepared, consisting solely of the geopolymer and containing no active particles or adsorbent, in particular neither zeolite nor silicotitanate.
- This material is prepared by a process comprising only steps 2, 3, 4, as well as 5 and 6.
- the prepared materials are named according to the percentage of adsorbent in the material. Table 1 summarizes the materials prepared in Example 1 and their names.
- Example 1 The composite materials used in the process according to the invention, prepared in Example 1, are characterized and used in Examples 2, 3, and 4 which follow.
- Example 2 Characterization of the materials prepared in Example 1.
- the composite materials used in the process according to the invention synthesized in Example 1 and the reference material are characterized on the one hand by X-ray diffraction to verify that the selective mineral exchangers are not degraded during the synthesis; and secondly by nitrogen adsorption-desorption in order to check the presence of mesopores in the geopolymer binder.
- the presence of mesopores in the geopolymer binder allows the mineral exchangers to be accessible to the effluent to be treated.
- Figures 2A and 2B present the diffractograms obtained for the materials described in Example 1.
- Figure 2A presents the diffractograms obtained for the “Géopo-Zéo” materials comprising a geopolymer and a zeolite.
- Figure 2B presents the diffractograms obtained for the “Géopo-CST” materials comprising a geopolymer and a silicotitanate.
- Example 1 The different materials prepared in Example 1 are analyzed by nitrogen adsorption-desorption.
- Figure 3A presents the pore size distributions in the “Géopo-Zéo” materials comprising a geopolymer and a zeolite, obtained by the “BJH” method (Barrett, Joyner, Halenda model).
- Figure 3B presents the pore size distributions in the “Géopo-CST” materials comprising a geopolymer and a silicotitanate, obtained by the “BJH” method (Barrett, Joyner, Halenda model).
- the synthesized materials are all mesoporous with pore size distributions generally centered between 4 and 40 nm. Since the selective zeolite and silicotitanate adsorbents are not mesoporous, it is the mesopores of the geopolymer binder which are detected.
- the selective adsorbents dispersed in the geopolymer binder are accessible to the ions of interest to be fixed (Sr in the case of these examples) after the shaping step, via the mesopores of the geopolymer.
- the synthesized materials have crystalline sites, crystalline zones, made up of the selective adsorbents zeolite and silicotitanate which will allow the material to be more selective for Sr, and a mesoporous network which will allow access of ions to these sites. crystalline as well as rapid sorption kinetics.
- Example 3 Sorption performance in “batch” mode of materials prepared in Example 1.
- tests are carried out in order to evaluate the sorption performance in “batch” mode of the materials prepared in example 1.
- the value of the Sr extraction or sorption capacity Q (quantity of Sr captured per gram of material) is then determined as follows: where [Sr]init and [Sr]fin represent respectively the initial concentration and the final concentration of Sr in solution (mg.L 1 ), V the volume of solution (mL), and m the mass of material (g).
- Figure 4 represents the evolution of the maximum sorption capacity of materials as a function of their adsorbent mass percentage. It is observed that, whatever the adsorbent used, the sorption capacity of the material increases with the adsorbent concentration, thus demonstrating the benefit of the presence of this adsorbent in the material, as well as the accessibility of the adsorbents to the solution treated thanks to the mesoporosity of the geopolymer.
- Figure 5 represents the evolution of the distribution coefficient KD of the materials as a function of their adsorbent mass percentage.
- the sorption kinetics of materials can be characterized by analyzing the sorption of materials as a function of the contact time between the materials and the effluent to be treated.
- Figure 6 presents the evolution of the Sr sorption capacity for the two materials studied (Géopo-27 and Géopo-0) as a function of the contact time between the material and the solution.
- the process according to the invention which uses granular materials, and therefore usable in columns, ensures rapid sorption kinetics (equilibria reached in less than 24 hours) due to mesoporosity.
- geopolymer binder which allows easy accessibility of ions to selective adsorbent particles.
- the objective of these tests is to determine the value of the distribution coefficient at very low Sr concentrations, which are the most representative of the Sr concentrations found in radioactive effluents.
- Figure 7 represents the evolution of the material distribution coefficient as a function of the Sr concentration at equilibrium in the solution.
- Figure 7 shows the sorption isotherms carried out on the Géopo-0 and Géopo-Zéo-27 materials in a saline matrix.
- mesoporous and multiphase microstructure of the materials used in the process of the present invention allows:
- Example 4 Performance of materials in a fixed bed decontamination process
- the granular composite materials used in the process according to the invention, described in Example 1 are tested in columns in order to demonstrate the benefit of their microstructure on their performance in a decontamination process according to the invention. , in a fixed bed.
- the column is placed in an assembly composed of an effluent reserve, a peristaltic pump, and a pressure gauge at the column head to measure pressure losses.
- aqueous effluent comprising 0.25 mol.L 1 of NaNOs, 50 ppm of Ca (Ca(NO3)z salt) and 100 ppm of Sr (SrfNChh salt) circulates in the packed column at a flow rate of 20 mL. h 1 and we obtain the breakthrough curve by measuring the Sr concentration in the samples taken at the outlet over time using ICP-OES.
- Figure 8 presents the breakthrough curves for Géopo-Zéo Tl materials; Geopo-CST-5 and Geopo-CST-10, that is to say the evolution of the Sr concentration (normalized by the initial Sr concentration) as a function of the volume of effluent having passed through the column.
- This figure shows that the breakthrough curves are in the form of sigmoids with vertical slopes, and entirely consistent with what could be expected, which demonstrates ideal behavior in a column process.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2213576A FR3143831A1 (fr) | 2022-12-16 | 2022-12-16 | Procede continu pour separer les cations du strontium a partir d’un milieu liquide, avec un materiau comprenant un geopolymere et des particules d’un echangeur ionique |
| PCT/FR2023/052021 WO2024126963A1 (fr) | 2022-12-16 | 2023-12-15 | Procede continu pour separer les cations du strontium a partir d'un milieu liquide, avec un materiau comprenant un geopolymere et des particules d'un echangeur ionique |
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| EP4634940A1 true EP4634940A1 (fr) | 2025-10-22 |
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| EP23837755.0A Pending EP4634940A1 (fr) | 2022-12-16 | 2023-12-15 | Procede continu pour separer les cations du strontium a partir d'un milieu liquide, avec un materiau comprenant un geopolymere et des particules d'un echangeur ionique |
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| Country | Link |
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| EP (1) | EP4634940A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025541381A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN120457499A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3143831A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024126963A1 (fr) |
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| CN107188533B (zh) * | 2017-06-07 | 2020-08-11 | 西南科技大学 | 一种地聚合物陶瓷固化高放废液的方法 |
| JP6470354B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-05 | 2019-02-13 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | シリコチタネート成形体及びその製造方法、シリコチタネート成形体を含むセシウム又はストロンチウムの吸着剤、及び当該吸着剤を用いる放射性廃液の除染方法 |
| FR3106507B1 (fr) * | 2020-01-28 | 2024-03-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Materiau solide a porosite multiple ouverte comprenant un geopolymere et des particules solides et son procede de preparation |
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- 2022-12-16 FR FR2213576A patent/FR3143831A1/fr active Pending
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- 2023-12-15 JP JP2025535121A patent/JP2025541381A/ja active Pending
- 2023-12-15 CN CN202380090483.6A patent/CN120457499A/zh active Pending
- 2023-12-15 EP EP23837755.0A patent/EP4634940A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-12-15 WO PCT/FR2023/052021 patent/WO2024126963A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| FR3143831A1 (fr) | 2024-06-21 |
| JP2025541381A (ja) | 2025-12-18 |
| CN120457499A (zh) | 2025-08-08 |
| WO2024126963A1 (fr) | 2024-06-20 |
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