EP4627795A1 - Methods and devices for adaptive loop filtering and cross-component adaptive loop filter - Google Patents

Abstract

Methods and apparatus are provided for video decoding/encoding. In a method provided, a decoder obtains at least one secondary signal by applying at least one fixed filter to a primary signal. The at least one fixed filter is trained offline. The decoder obtains one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with a current sample. The one or more spatial neighboring samples are from at least one of the primary signal or the at least one secondary signal. The decoder obtains a filtered sample by applying at least one online filter to the one or more spatial neighboring samples associated with the current sample.

Description

ornee.: . - - ,s ae ocnaonecesase uon an camsrororovsona caono. reerencens enre.mer, ,e enre conenereosncororaeeren acaone re aaescaoo mneso res aane aoa veo con an comresson.ore secca,s cross-comonen aaveooernraruosce osns.mrovne aaveooernrocess an ao oresa veos suore a vare o eecroncevces, suc asaeevsons, meaaers,o v coemouers,ae comuers,a cameras,a recornevces,a sreamnevce amn consoes, smarones, veoeeconerencnevces, veo a veoaas, ec.e eecroncevcesransm an receve or oerwse communcae evce.ue across a communcaon newor, anor soreea veoaa on a sorae resources ooe a somraeeanw caac oe communcaon newor anme memoro one or more veo coenvce, veo con mae useo comresse veoaa accorn con sanarsncueer ssanarseores communcae or sore.or exame, veo -cenc e aeeoon ,onxoraonesoe , curexerroon .,vance eoon .,ovn meose..,neoru-recon, cnora-nr, oree.eo conenera uzesreconnerenne veoaa.eo cone amcsoon, co omrreeeaae avanae o reunanc rae, we avon or mnmzneraaonso vsse voeuoaaa.no aorma uses aower ornee.: . ern amno cromsse-ncs oeresenscosureroveorecnues reano aaveoo n ars asomonen aaveooern. econncun oeca, snomne, em aoecmoeners, a oeaes orensee sneconscaorsu srenraove a a meno aoeras v oeno xeero armar sna, werene aeas onexeersrane one oan e eecoer, one or more saa neorn sames assocae w a cur n, e one or more saa neorn sames arerom a ren same, wereneas one seconar sna an oann, e eas one oermar sna ore a one onneeroe one or more saa ecoer, aere same an aeas n a secon asec, s neorn sames assocae we curren same. enceonn ome emomens oeresenscosurerove a meoor veo on cun: oann, an encoer, aeas one seconar sna an aeas ex eencoeerr, oon ae orrm maorre s sanaa, w neerenorne a samease osn aessoxceae wers ara cune one oann, e one or more saa neorn sames arerom rren same, wereneas one seconar sna an oann, aeas one oermar sna ore a one onneeroe one or more s e encoer, aere same an aeas n ar asec, som aa neorn sames assocae we curren same. econncun e emomens oeresenscosurerove a meoor veo w a cur : oann, aecoer, aura o saa neorn sames assocae reconr senn saam, a rees, wuaere snnae, aurrea-sam oe s aaaa nvee osoern sameesr anre sromna annc one o a ura o samesroro ern, o un a s r are-eocn snancun aura o uamaensreoroeocn oann, eecoer, aura oernnu sames ura oura o saa neorn sameso reuceneuer saceor sorne oneu saa neorn sames an oann, eecoer, aere same,ase nr aaour o aseercn, sonmeu em sames ane curren same. econncun: oa omens oeresenscosurerove a meoor veo w a curren nn, aecoer, aura o saa neorn sames assocaen a s samen ars canne, wereneura o saa neorn sames are aaevceo onse canne anerronm s anna onnec ou anr aecuraon s on saa,m a reessruoar sona, aerre-nsa,m ore a ornee.: . reec-oeer,o acnura sna oncuernn anuur saame os sam ueasnroreoueraoc on s oann, e sameso reuceneuer saceor sorneura o aa neorn oann, eecoer, aere sameners saa neorn sames annu sames ane curren sam canne,ase oneura oern enconn ancun as: oec,a snomne, em aoe n enmn cenes ors ceanrensee.nscosurerove a meoor veo w a curren sa oer, aura o saa neorn sames assocae recon snam, a rees, wuaere snnae, aurrea-sam oe s aaaa nvee osoern sameesr anrerom an one o a ura o samesroro ern, or are-eocn sna snancun a samesroroeocn oann, e encoer, aura ncun aura o uaneura o saa neorn sameso reuce oernnu sames ura o saa neorn sames an oann neuer saceor sorne oneura oernnu sames , e encoer, aere same,ase n a sx asec, some emomen ans oe ceurrreesn same. enconncun: oann, a enscosurerove a meoor veo w a cur n encoer, aura o saa neorn sames assocaen a seconren c saanmnee ann arorms c anann oene, w oe arenreecounra sna o, s aaa neorn sames are aave ose ern snancun aura resua sna, are-same re-eocn snancun aura o sa o samesroro ern, or a encoer, aura oernnu samemesroroeocn oann, e sameso reuceneuer saceor s uaneura o saa neorn oann, e encoer, a sorneura o saa neorn sames annu sames a ere sameners canne,ase oneura oern sone uneer csuorroen s n aaam noen are noee roersers canne. escron are exames o rocnve oeneraereesscernosnc aonsure.eoowneae seccae accomannrawns, wc arencororaen an consue aar os escrono,n s,ervuesora exe eaxanmeesr cnocnssesen o wesceosurersee.nscosure an,oeer w e ornee.: . veooc.sn asc acoroacnce waramusran an exemar ssemor encon anecon .s aocaram somuseramnem ane enxaemonsar o veeore esnecnoerscno ascucroer.memenaons oeresenscosure ance w somememena.onss a oocereasernamscusran. an exemar veoecoern accorance w someno m . rou areocosurea.ramsusranow arames euresee veoocs oeren sze recursvearone o s an saesn accorance w somememenaons emomen.nss acosoucre.aramusran an exemar veo encoern accorance w some emomen.s os aeocresenarasmcosuusrer.an an exemar veoecoern accorance w some resensc.s os aenreussenraosnc oosure.er saesn accorance w some exames oe oerese.osu nsre sc a. oseucon o susame sameraensn accorance w some exames accorance. ws so amnre. e exuasmraeosn o oe aeomercransormaon o aamoner saen .s anusraon o an onrenseenerscosure. exames oe sae usen an n accorance w some resensc.osuresre asnenusscraosounre o. a arcecure, accorno some exames oe eumaa.neos. r an::us craromona oor am raeaveocaon oere croma same ans suorn .s anusraon o a- wao cnromaero acaone. scosure. ccorno some exames oeresen exames o.esr anusraon o varous onne ernusn accorance w some .s aensenuscosure. accorance w examessr oaone or aesener sscaoseuroer. arecon sna oreore a snan ornee.: . oerese.ns anusraon o an ause er saen accorance w some exames .scosure. exames oesr aesowcarusran a meoor veoeconn accorance w some .s aenowcscaosure. exames oeresenscrousran a meoor veo enconn accorance w some exames o.s aowcarsurues.ran a meoor veoeconn accorance w some exames o.e esre r asen esowcscarosurues.ran a meoor veoeconn accorance w some exames o.esr aen esenowcsc scarosur oues.ran a meoor veo enconn accorance w some exames o.esr aesenowcscarsur osurue es. .ran a meoor veo enconn accorance w some accorno. somse amaemraemnauosnrsa on ae coremsenunsc eonsvurroen.men coue w a usernerace, usraeeenrencee a wccom noawnen maraewnnes.ano seeococwmneemaeneaoenssc,r examon,e nsum oe wrousc n are mn secceas are seorn orero asssn uner on- eren.u varous aer sanne suec maerresene suec maer maenraacvcees m waoeu usees we soeucceaerans.roomr exe scoe o cams ane reseneeren canememene o ame,e suec maer caae n manes o eecroncevces w a veo cams o ss.oeureseenusscraoesure,a aneeerm acsc “omrsa,” “secon,” anee useneescron, an no useoescre an secc orer or seunencne.r sawouns aere un useersooosanus oecs,ns wa maenercane uner an arorae co eaa use resenscosureescr non, sucae emomens oe accomannrawns oreesecrrene mnaeermesenemesnceosunre. orersesesose sownne ornee.: . veooc.sns aaraocena acrcaomranucser wan s aonm eexemmeamren saseomns oore enrceosenn asncoecon sownn.,e ssemncues a sourceevce aeneraes an en sure.soeecoe a aaerme aesnaonevce.e sourceevce acoes veoaa evce ma comrse an o a we vare o eecroncevces,nc neesnaon comuers,eso orao comuers,ae co un cou servers, servereevsons, cameras,saevc muers, smarones, se-ooxes,a sreamnevce, oree.nes, a meaaers, veoamn consoes, veo evce are eue w w somememenaons,e sourceevce aneesnaon n somememenaonrse,eses coesmmnaunocnaeovnc caaes. eecoe va an.en ma comrse anee m oa c recevee encoe veoaao caae o movne encoe veoaarome sou ommuncaon meum orevce n an emomen,en ma comrse a commurceevceoeesnaonevce. oransme encoe veoaareco ncaon meumo enaee sourceevce veoaa mae mouae accorno ae cesnaonevcen reame.e encoe communcaonrooco, anr ommuncaon sanar, suc as a wreess meum ma comrse an wreansmeoeesnaonevce.e communcaon secrum or o ess or wre communcaon meum, suc as aaoreuenc ar o aace-ansee or n meowroer, ssucca asra ansmocass aornean nees.wore, co am wmuen-acraeao nne mweoum maorm newor suc asenerne.e communcaon meum mancue r r, or aoa saons, or an oer eumena mae useuoacae ouers, swces,ase evce communcaonrome source n soomee oesernmaonevce. neraceo a s emenaons,e encoe veoaa maeransmerom an ouu mae accesoraeevce.useuen,e encoe veoaane soraeevcencue an ose a eesnaonevce va annunerace.e soraeevce ma u-r vare osrue oroca accesseaa sorae mea suc as aarrve, asa memsocrs,, voaaeersaess s,omacscea-nemores- s, sorne enc or non-voae memor, or an oer suaea sorae meaor e ser oe veoaa.n aurer exame,e soraeevce ma corresono a ev seoru orcre anoevecrene.rmeeaees snoaraoneeevvcceea m maa acocesse een scooree v veeooaaaaernoemraee ornee.: . s caoraaee oev sceorn vae sr eenacmone o vreoownaoaa ann.raensme senrvere ma ee ane o comuer esnaonevce.xemare serversncue a we s ncoe veoaaoe ranserrooco server,eworac ervere..,or a wese, ae eesnaonevce ma accesseeorae evces, or aocasrve. connecon,ncun a wreess c encoe veoaarou an sanaraa connecone.., au annee.., areesse - connecon, a wres suaeor acc screrne , cae moem, ec., or a comnaon ooa veoaaromeses snora enecoeevc veeo maaa seo are sr oenam ane srearnvsemr.ssoenr,a ansmsson oe encoe or a com ownoaransmsson, ane osn u sa uoown nn o eno. race..,e sourceevcencues a veo source, a veo encoer evce, e.., a veo camera, a ve veoe aorc sovuerc ceona mnannrcevuoeu as so cuarceur seuc v ase a veo caurnneraceo receve veorom a veo conenrover, o, a veoeen eneran comuerracsaa ase s anor a comuerracs ssemor exame,e veo sources a veoou carcmee vra oeo, a o sre acu crom snuarveona onc seuc ss seomur,cese. ss one evce aneesnaonevce maorm cameraones or veoo ourcememenaonsescreneresen acaon mae ac nes.owever,e an mae aeo wreess anor wre acaon aeo veo connenera, encoere. caeu erneco,ere- vcaeourea,a o mra comeuraenr-smeneeras.ere vceoo maeees enncaooen e veo e ouunerace oe sourceevce.e encoe veoaa ma a evce va e sore onoe soraeevceoraer access ee soor aernave orecon anoraac.e ouunerac snaonevce or oerevces,ransmer e maurerncue a moem anor a evce.e.eesnnauonneervaccee mnacuesenunerace, a veoecoer, an asa veoaa ove ncue a recever anor a moem an recevee encoe one sorren.e encoe veoaa communcae overen, orrove or useaeevec veeo, meaconecrue an vaerceon o snea vx eeeomeanas.euncera senax eeem veneos e mnacoeer ornee.: . snocruaee m wene encoe veoaaransme on a communcaon meum, sore on a num, or sore on ae server. wc c somememenaons,eesnaonevce mancueesaevce, co ane anneraesaevce an an exernasaevceas conureo amamoun acae weesnaonevce.esaevce saseecoe veo sa user, an ma comrse an o a vare osaevces suc as aursa e os, aasmasa, anranc mnoe sa, or anoer e vaeoevce. nusr encoer ane veoecoer ma oerae accornororear or s sanars, suc as , , -,ar, , or exensons o suc sanars. encoounee unersooaeresen acaons nomeo a secc veosenerac coonnem saaneara ane m vaeoe a encoceareo o oeer s vourecoe enecvocen mecaone co snanuarres. encoe veoaa accorno an oese curren oruure sanars o enera conemaeae veoecoer oeesnaonevce.mar,s asooecoe veoaa accorno an oese curren oruu mae conure vare o seu vaeoe e ennccooeerr an aonreceo vere corcuecro,e sruc a esacre on m saanaersm.emene as an o a narocessors s, caonecc e or more mcrorocessors, a aerras s,screeoc, sowareneraercus s,erorammae enmemenearan ,arware,rmware or an comnaonsereo. sowaren a suae, non-rans soorw coamre,u aner- ereeacraonec meevucme m ana e sxeocreuensreuconsore arware usn one or morerocessorsoerorm nsruconsn scoseneresenscosure.ac o e veo enconecon oeraonsncuen one or more enco e veo encoer ane veoecoer mae comne encoer ers orecoers, eer o wc maenerae asar o a n somemeceomeenraons, aena as re aseacrv oeevce. exame,e veo source,e veo comonens oe sourceevce or asescreeow w encoer or comonensncuene veo encoer o comonens reerenceo., ane ouunerace anor aeas aar or comonen osnecuesenanonee vvceeoecoore erxam ase,escerneuenoewra wce r,eeere vnceeooeco.er, ornee.: . a sonwaere,saaormevs,ce anor manr oaserruaceurne, a s cucou as comouwn servce newor wc marove ervceaa, ornrasrucure as a are as aervceaa,aorm as a comonensne sou ervceaa.n somememenaons, one or more c mou comun servrccee neevwcoer m aanoerroeveesnan oonne oerv mceore c wenc aervec neos, anncuee onne oer neowreor cenrouevce as w mraee csosm cmomunmcuaneca won s neervweorr comoru eexrsamne cou comun servce newor, a sor-rane wreess commu e, a ceuar communcaon communcaon newo ncaon newor, or aoa navaon saee ssem commu r or a wre communcaon newore.., aoca area newor emomen,ncaon newor or aowerne communcaon newor.n an servcesrov aeeas o anea orr o mo oree srearvoenrs comescureers wercen a mreameemmeneemenee as a ceou-ase oe comonens oe sourceevce anore aeas aar oe comas aar esnaonevcene cou comun servce newor an one or onens oe escreeren maememene e one or more ce more oer oeraons e cou comun servce newor ma nevces.n somememenaons, eerms suc as “cou,” “co e arvae cou, auc cou, or ar cou.nercanea as arora u comun,” “cou-ase” ec.eren mae use soue unersooaee wouearnrome scoe oeresenscosure. comun servce new resenscosures nomeoenmemenene coumemenen a orescre aove.nsea,eresenscosure ma asoe uure. n oere o comun envronmens currennown oreveoene snomrae anmne.merens rea aocnosc vee csocarra nem onus veera orneosce ann s w a exem ncaa vor eno. ve rameo e v enc s.eo nor ee anrcroeenr acc cve moraanceer worm on saarecono reuce or remove saa reunancn veo con rees rame orcure.nerrecve con rees onemora aa wn aven veoemora reunancn veoaa wn aacen v recono reuce or remove soue noeaeerm “rame eorames orcures o a veo seuence. “cure”nee o veo con. ” mae use as snonmsoreerm “mae” or ornee.: . rocessns s unown,n aec.o,ee vcuereo enucoererncu, ae ssu am vmeeroa, aa mraenmsoorr, arecon , auanzaon un, an an enro encon un.ereconmrocessn un urerncues a moon esmaon un, a moon comensa rocessn un annrareconrocessn un, an annraocoon un, aaron un,memenaons,e veo encoer asoncues annverse un.n someransormrocessn un, an a summer uanzaon un, annverse , suc as aeocner, maeo or veooc reconsrucon.nn-ooer ocounareso removeocnessoneeweene summer ane oer suc asameav s aracsrom reconsruce veo.noern-ooer, er anoreavseen-oo eerr,ross, moam aonsenameavese eocneroer an ouu oe summer. soueousera useean aonoeecnue,eresen acaons nomeoe emomensescreereonre e acaon mae aeo a suaon were an oses seeceor a, annsea, comonen, a croma comonen an ar croma comonen a n o aumauma comonen,e croma comonen aner cro ccorno an oer oe comonenase one seece ose.urer, ma comoneno mo sa an menoneeren mae an oeuma c sou asoeusraea ars comonen croma comonen, a secon c omonen,e croma comonen aner comonen,e croma comonen menoneeren mae an oer oeuma menoneere omonen aner croma comonen, an ar comonen er n mae a remann one oeuma comonen,e croma comonen an veo corcom maa comeonreecn.nr soovmee examee ssu,men-ooers mae ome, aneecoeaeeo meroe .e veo encoer ma eusrarem ox aex oerr oorrraommraammeaaerarware un or maeve amon one or more o e veoaa memor ma sware uns. veo encoer.e veoaaneore veoaaoe encoe e comonens oe e veo source as sow veoaa memor mae oane,or exame,rom or exame, reeren nn..e s auera sores reerence veoaa e.., cerames orcuresor usen encon veoaa e veo encoer eormnenra o arnn oer a vraerecv oe c moemnor moevesce.s.ne v vareoousa exaa mmemeos,re v aneoaea memor ma ornee.: . m coamoene onn-c w oer comonens oe veo encoer, or o-c reaveoose reconss s. roocwesnsnn un., aarero rencseven veoe vaaeonoa va,eoeoacron un wne asoncuearonn a veorameno sces,esor ex s.saronn maareronnss accornoreene sname, ses o veoocs, or oer srucure assocae w e veoaa.e srucures suc as aua-ree mensona arra or marx o s veorames or mae reare as awo- reerreo as axe ames w same vaues. samene arra ma asoe oe arra orcure or aenee. a s nzuem anero or a sa rmesoeusonn oorzoen vae aonr vaemre.caer veceonsor axes eveno mue veoocs,or exame, usn aronn.eo vraemoe ma aans or mae reare as awo-mensona arra or marx o sam oc aou o smaermensonane veorame. nume es w same vaues, vercareconsor axes oe veoocene r o samesnorzona an maurerearoneno one or moreoc a sze oe veooc.e veooc ocs,or exame,erave usn arons or su-ocswc maorm aan ree aronn or an comnaonaronn,nar-ree aronn orre- “veooc” as useeren mae a ereo. soue noeaeerm “oc” or oron, o oron,narcuar a recanuarsuare or non- suare veoo arame or acure. reerence,or exame,o an ,eoc or aransocrm mane or corresono aonreen , a, areconn or oc , anor mae or corresono a corresonnoc, e.. aonree a su-oc aonoc , areconoc or aransormoc anoro con moe. esr,e sconrocessn un ma seec one o aura oosserecvenerrecve cuocn as m onoe oes, aorurae cur orenn vraeoreoccvea csoen on m eroroers re osru onsee o. aura o aneeve osoron.ereconrocessn un marovee., con raenerrecon coeocoe summeroenerae a resu resunnra oro reconsruce encoeocor use asar o a r aoc anoe summer rocessn un asoroves s eerencerame suseuen.erecon aronnormaon, an oer sucn saxn eaexmnenosrm, saucon a,so moeo enn vroeco ersn,conrna-m uonen.caors, ornee.: . enranr oerecroon sereocce assnn a urnorae wnranreercevec coonnroc meosseno urne cu mrraen veooc, recve con oe curren veooc reaveo one or more ne erormnra rame ase currenocoe coeorove saarecon.e morocsne same ane moon comensaon un wnereconrocessno unon esmaon un recve con oe curren veooc reaveo one or morere erormner more reerenceramesoroveemorarecon.e cveocsn one or conasses, e..,o seec an arorae co veo encoer maerorm mue n somememenaons,e moon esnm maooen uonr eacoc o veoaa. moeor a curren veorameeneran a moon eermnesenerrecon o a veooc wne curren veorame re vecor, wcncaesesacemen veorame, accorno areeermne aveo arecveoc wn a reerence esmaon,erorme e moon e aern wn a seuence o veorames.oon vecors, wc esmae moono smaon un,serocess oeneran moon sacemen o a veoo r veoocs. moon vecor,or exame, mancaee wn a reerenc c wn a curren veorame orcure reaveo arecveocnreeermneaeerranm mea reaesvenaoe ve ceuorrernamesocneen se cuoenece w asnramee csu orrrenrarammees..eeoraee uenrmna moan oee mrmonoen v veeccoorrss, e..,eo mco veocno erss,moarnonra un coonrnn aer marnner smar ma uzee moon esmaon econ, or recve un oeermneeoc vecor. oc o a re ocore veooc mae or ma corresono aoc or a reerence oxeeerencerameaseeme as cose macne veoocoe coenerms uareererennccee, wc, or maeeermne um osoueerence ,um o ma cacu oererence mercs.n somememenaons,e veo encoer or ae vauesor su-neerxeosons o reerencerames sorene . e examxee,ose vonse,o or en ocoeerrrac moananexreoaose voansue os oe on ree-erueanrceerraxmee.osons, one- moon esmaon un maerorm a moon searc reaveoeuxereore,e raconaxeosons an ouu a moon vecor wraconaxereosons an recone co moeornam esema coomn uanrne caocusaoens o a meo voneo vecoocroor ae ve oec soson ono. oc anre ancnveer ornee.: . raomce os a reesrenc,e earcam oe s weecceeronm aes orsne re orer menoceramess or a secon reerence e moon esmaon un sense cacu re reerencerames sorene . anenoe enro encon un ae moon vecoroe moon comensaon un ecn ooroenne croamnenseaoren,cerveormoe. casee on moeo mno coomn veencsaoronee urnmne, mae mnvooovne e csommaenosan uonn un. moan reocceaven aree mcoveono vcecoor worce ceu mrreonon v veecoorocon,sen moon e reerenceramess, rereveerecveocrome , anorw one o ocoe summer.e summer enorms a resua veooc oarxerecve vaues suracnxe vaues oerecveocrove e moon ceerence un romexe vaues oe curren veoocen coe.exeeormensaon ormne resua veooc mancueuma or croma como ence vaues moon comensaon un ma asoenerae snax nenerences oro.e o a veorameor use e veoecoer eemens assocae we veoocs e snax eemens mancue,or exa necone veoocs oe veorame.oen erecveoc, aname, snax eemensenne moon vecor usenormaonescreeren.oesncanerecon moe, or an oer snax comensaon un mae naeraee m,ouon ar esmaon un ane moon uroses eusrae searaeor conceua ocsnn. a so mmaennmer semmeanraoonsa,enra un maenerae vecors anecrecve ane moon comens escre aoven connecon we moon esmaon un ase currenocen coaon un,u werecveocsenne samerameo moon veco e an we vecorsen reerreo asoc vecors as oose useo encoe a crsu.rrennaroccu.arn, soemen erxaam uens,en mraaee urnmne a mnan ernac-oree ac cuornr moeo usn varousnra-recon moes, e..,urn searae enco enoc erormancerou rae-soron anass.ex,en nasses, aneser varousesenra-recon moes, an aro ra un ma seec, amonenra-moencaor acco raenra-recon moeo use anenerae an vaues usn a rae-sorronn ana.sosr eoxrame vea,roeusnersaen unra-re mcao cna mcuoaees, r aane- seseocrone ornee.: . anraro-rreaecnonra m-oreecavonn moeeeos u rsae.e-aseo-rsoonr caracerscs amoneese moes ase osoronor erroreween on anasseneraeermnes an amoun encoeoroucee en an encoeoc an an orna, unencoeoca was e encoeo coeoc, as we as arae.e., a numer os useorouce varous e c.nra un ma cacuae raosromesorons an raesore vaueorncoeocsoeermne wcnra-recon moe exsees rae-soron moon conm oe eeo nrc sa ex. oanm unes,,en wnraoe or unnar, moaer uosrem seuc mounocn eosnsmoaon un ane accornoememenaonsescreeren.n eer case, rnrarecon oc mae aocaseeme as cose macneocoronraoc co, arecve erence, wc maeeermne ,, or oererence me coe,nerms oxe oerecveoc mancue cacuaon o vauesor s ercs, anencaon eererecveocsrome samerameu ac-cnoreenroxeosons. erenrame accornonerrecon,e veo encoe nrarecon, or a suracnxe vaues oerecveocromerxe maorm a resua veooc en coe,ormnxeerence vaues.ex vaues oe curren veooc veooc mancueouma an croma c eerence vauesormne resua aernaveeonraenreer-croencroocnessenror umne momaon e mne ornao-nr eeer scenc ae cs.urren veooc, as an comensaon un, orenraoc coreconerormaon un ane moon escre aove.narcuar,enrareconrocessnme enra un, as recon moeo useo encoe a currenoc.o un maeermne annra ma encoe a currenoc usn varo o so,enrareconrocessn un asses, anenr usnrarecon moes, e..,urn searae encon ma se areconrocessn un or a moe seecon un,n some examesnrareecc ano anrroocresasennr uanrec moan moroveoe usneorrommaoenensecanvrea oreceo sene mcoees.ne recon moeoreocoe enro encon un.e enro encon un mraa- encoeeernormaonncane seecenra-recon moenesream. oc va eerenreercreoncroonc oesrsnnra unreceone,rmen seusmmeerrecorvmes ao rcesoura ve cueroreno vceo ornee.: . s reusruacanoce mareecnvceuoecnr oonme ore m courrerens v aneosorcov.e resua veoaane un.eransormrocessn unrans eoeransormrocessn coecens usn ar ormse resua veoaano resuaransorm smarran ansorm, suc as ascreeosneransorm or a conceua uanzaoes n uroar nnms.or.merouceasnsnza uonn un maua snenzesee rersunransorm coecensoe e rae.euanzaonrocess ansorm coecensourer reuce e coecens.eere ma aso reuceee assocae w some or a o arameer.n some e e ouanzaon mae moe ausn auanzaonncruormne xames,euanzaon un maenerorm a scan o a marx e uanzeransorm coecens.ernave,e enro encon un maransormoe coo s ewcann. cenusannoza a von,eoes enreraom us ennc,o e.n. un enro encoeseuanze ,onexavenarrmec,oonnexave,arnaaxe-aesneon aavenarrmecon ,r conex- con or a oa nervaaronnnro eransmneooer een vroeo eneccooenr me as sooowonn orec.n, oru aer.cvee encnoee sorsareeame maen sownn.oraerransmssono or rereva e veoeco vce as encon un ma aso enro encoee moon vecors an er.e enro e curren e oer snax eemensor uanzaoe v nn ave neorseram nveurae sne ezran ano c sno o urmne. aon a,n reseecnvveerse,roan rescoormrocessn un a nverse exeomanoreneran a reerenceo nsruce resua veoocn aove,e moon comensao correcon o oer veoocs.s noe rom one or mo n un maenerae a moon comensaerecveoc un ma asroe a reeren ocnee oro mcosr oeneerroamaeosn soreersnoeerec.vee mocooon c caomcueansaonneerxe vauesor use e su- e summer asn moon esmaon. ocro e reconsruce resuaocoe moon comensaerecve e u.cee reereen mcoeoonc co mmaensaenone u unseoeronruace a r ueneren,cee mocooonr e ssormaaeonn ornee.: . unocn a an susee muoon comensaon un as arecveoconerrec anoer veo someme.mensa aen oo vceoarraamme.usran an exemar veoecoern accorance w memor, a ns oeresen acaon.e veoecoerncues a veoaa un, annnve ernseroranseocromnro ucnessn, a unrec, aon sumromceesrsn, u ann a, annve.rseuanzaon rocessn un urerncues a moon comensaon un, a erecon annra un.e veoecoer maerorm aeconnrarecon un, anoe enconrocessescre aove nrocessenera recroca ..or exame,e moon w resecoe veo encoern connecon w moon vecors comensaon un maeneraereconaaase on enera receverome enroecon un, weenra-recon un ma econe urneconaaase onnra-recon moencaors receverome enromemenna somone. s o exameerse,se an u an ocaone. vseoo,ne scoomeer exam maeeaseoerorme resenscosure maeve amon one or mo s,ememenaons oe exame,enra un maerormemre oe uns oe veoecoer.or orn comnaon w oer un emenaons oeresen acaon, aone, ,enrarec s oe veoecoer, suc ase moon comensaon un ecoer ma on un, ane enroecon un.n some exames,e veo erorme o noern ccoueenra un aneuncona onra un mae comensaon monens oereconrocessn un, suc ase moon eecoee v uenoe oaa. e mr ceommoronen msa o soer ve veoeoecaoae,r suc. ase an v enecooaea v soeosream,o aa memor mae oane,or exame,rome soraeev rene veo source, suc as a camera, va wre or wr ce,rom aoca veo accessnscaaa so eess newor communcaon o veoaa, or mancue aoe rae meae.., aasrve orars.e veoaa memor sream cureuer a sores encoe veoaarom an encoe veo ve.e oe veoecoer sores reerence veoaaor usenecon memooraa ane veeoecoe mrae.e.,ornmnera or anner ore a vcarvee co on me mmoores.evcee vs, seuoca aas ornee.: . resnsamvec ranom access m,emeosrsve ,ncun, onrc oronous ,aneo- usr eres o memorevces.or comoaneveurose,e veoaa memor ane areece aswosnc e veonasa o mee veoecoern..u we aareno one sene ara memornenevmor ane maerove e same memorevce or searae como ces.n some exames,e veoaa memor mae on-c w oer ursn oee veceoonecoreorcess,, ore o v-ceo reecaoveero reocseev ceosm anon eenncos.e veosream eaco reerresen msa v reecoeveoces s on anax en eceomeen vs aeoera vmeeo anr assocae snax eemens.e veo e enroecon un oe veoecoer eameeve anore veooceve. uanze coecens, moon veco nroecoesesreamoenerae eemceanosr.s ae en rs ornra-recon moencaors, an oer snaxn roecon un enorwarse moon vecors ornra-recon moe enn oee vr senax eemensoereconrocessn un. recv orames coe as annrarecve coe rame orornra coe un meaocenserna oeerreceson oaraameosr, ae vneroaroecc oon uen curre on veeroercamoenarsocessn snaenrarecon moe an reerenceaaromrevousec e on a rame. oeocs oe curren comensaeonn une veo orameeres coceon asro anner-recve coe.e., orrame,e moon or a veooc oe cu cessn un rouces one or morerecveocs receverome enrorreenco vneo unrame.asaec o onee mroeocn vveecorosc ans m oaere snroaxuc eeemerns a reerencerame wn one oe reerenceramess.e veoe om reerenceramess,s ans, usneau co coer ma consruce rames s nsruconecnuesase on reerence no sroemne . er e exames, wene veoocs coe accornoenra moeescre curerenn, veenoraoc unase o onoecre veccoorsn anroc oessern s unnax eemroenucse rsecrecveocsore econ un.erecveocs mae wn a reconsruc everome enro ase curren veoocene e veo encoer. e reon oe samecure ornee.: .normaoen moor ao vn ceoomoecnsa oone u cnurren a vneoorrameenraarsn une moeoner vmenesrecon snax eemens, anen usesereconnormaonoro cors an oer curren veoocenecoe.or exame,e mo uceerecveocsore e receve snax eemensoeer on comensaon un uses some oo coe veoocs oe mne arecon moee..,nra ornerrecon usenormaonor one or more v oeoe rreameree,n acnenraemreresscoorneramraeme, meoe.o.n, ve ocr, consrucon recve encoe veooc oerame,nerrecon sa orsor eacner veooc oerame, an oernormaonoe usor eacnerrecve coe rame. coee veoocsne curren veooeermmneara,ee cnurraren v une ma use some oe receve snax eemens, e.., aa,normaon o wc veo ooc wasrece usnenra moe, consrucon sorene ,ococs oerame are wne reconsruce reon an soue recon sausor vecorsor eacnra rece veooc oerame,nra ecoee veoo eacnra rece veooc oerame, an oernormaono ers as usee moone cc vomsn eoe ennsae c coou enrr r uenn ve urn moaram enc aoseo.erormneroaon usneneroaon vauesor su-neerxes o reer n oe veoocso cacuaeneroae maeermneenero enceocs.ns case,e moon comensaon un eemens an us aoners use e veo encoerrome receve snax enveerseeunaenrzoaaonon unersonroucerecveocs. rovenesream an verseuanzeseuanzeransorm coecens uanzaonarameer cac enroecoe e enroecon un usne sameoreermne aeree ouaunazeaon.e venevoe ersnecoraenrsormor eroacces vsneo unoc anee vs aneonvraemrseeraannssoorrmm, er.oc.,es asn,onvereseranso,rm an conevercseneerransorm, or a conceua smarnverse xeoma ensn orero reconsruce resuaocsne ocoren er. cuerr meno von comensaon un orenra un eneraeserecve reconsrucsecoe veeooooccoarsee o cnurreen ve vcoeros anoc oer s sumnmaxn eemee rness,uae suomcmerrom ornee.: . meonovne crsoemraennssaoromn urnocessn an unenr aan a c uonrreso.nnnn-oreocveeocenerae e er, er, er anor maeosoneeweenre s suumcm aesre aoncn ourerrocesseecoe veooc.n some exames,en-ooer mae e. omeee,c aonee vecoe veooc maerecrove e summeroe reerenceram eoocsn avenrame areen sorene , wc sores a memorevecse u sseearoare surosmeueen moon, c moam aenssoa soonre oe nceoxe v veoeoocors.aererese, or on asaevce, suc ases naon n aca veo conroaceevce o.. rames orcures. ss, a veo seuencecancues an orere se o awo-mensona ararca oramume ma saamnceus.erees a samwo-e amrreanss,oneano arera o, c, aronma sarm.ess rs awo-mensona arra or croma sames.n oernsances, . monocrome anereorencues on onewo-menson arame mae s sownn.,e veo encoeror moare a srreac ocauma sames. eneraes an encoe reresenaon o aramersaronn earon un veorame mancue anneer numer o s orer erameno a se o s. romeo r anromoooom.ac e consecuven a raser scan orer ane oe are snae e veo encose ararnes a soeca con un ane w ae sn a veo seuenceavee same sz uencearameer se, suca ×.u soue noeaeresen acaeoenns n oone n oec×,×,×, an sze.s sownn., eac ma comrse one oumessarmeo aarcuar conreeocs o croma sames, an sna a sames,wo corresonnreeocs.e snax eemense x eemens useo coee sames oe con xes anowe veo seuscreroeres oerenes o uns o a coeoc o ornrarec ence cane reconsruce ae veoecoer,ncunner cures orcuorne,snarvanrerceeo sne maroaee, c mooorona vneecs,o ars, an m oaer coarameers.n monocrome oc an snax eemens useo coee sames oe mrse a sne conree mae an conreeoc. conreeoc o acxeveoc a oe searmeers. aronn suc asnar-reeoarrmanocnen,,eer vnareo-r eenecoareron mna,u reacu-rrseveeareronornm orree a ornee.: . cosmenaceonnereo. on,ee coxnreeocss orseve annovoure smeaerns,o e samcaearvns a. ocs o szex ox.moneour smaers, an are eacvenoour s ox ococ sz se.ze..ewox s an are eacurervenoour earonroc ecs aua-reeaa srucureusrane en resu o corresonno oess oe asecen., eacea noe oeua-reen., eacne ma o co a resecve sze rannromxox.ee ece o croma sa mrse a ouma sames anwo corresonn conocs e conmoces.s on m aornaomcer oomee scamurees s ozer, acnur sesnaaxv enemernes useo coee sames o ma comrse a sne conoc an snax e searae cooranes, a oc. soue noeaeua- srucures useo coee sames oe con usraveuroses an one canreearonnecen . an s onor ase onuaernarna e snoso aao varnoca caracerscs arone aua r-reearons.ne mu-eree srucure, one s nar -ree srucure an eacua-reeea caneurerarone a o a co anneroncararveen s aru wcure.s a sno awnen,..e.,,ueareer anraervaerososnne,aoronnes aronn, vercanararonn,orzonaernara rzonanar aron ronn, an vercaernar nonn on seo.m ore mmoreemxenaosn.s,e veo encoer maureraron a conoc o a wce s s a recanuarsuare or non-suareoc o sames on sames,waom ceorreresocnonn,nesr o or cnrroam,as s aamees,. an sn oax a eem menas u cosmrse a ouma n monocromecures orcuresavnree sear eoreces. an snax srucures us ae cooranes, a ma comrse a sneuma,, anroc eorece.e veo encoer maeneraerecve e veo encoseroru mmaa, use, annrarrecs oo eac oe. ocsor a.e veo encoe n ornerreconoeneraeerecve a,e veo enco r usesnrareconoeneraeerecveocs o oerame assocaeer w maeene.raeee vreeoc envceoeorcs u osesenerarseec ononecooeene sraameees ornee.: . orneeccovee soacms oes a o on,e oer v moeroe enracmoeesr oe mraaneneerareamerecveocs oease ere veo encoereneraesrecveuma,e a,ss aoncaer we. s o a,e veo encoer maenerae auma res ocsor one or more e’srecveumaocsroms ornauma conuaococore suracn ’suma resuaocncaes aerenceeween a suca eac samene recveumaocs an a corresonn samen uma samen one oe's mar,e veo encoer maenerae a resue's ornauma conoc. , resecve, suca eac samene'sa reoc an ar resuaocore eween a samen one oe'srecve ocssuaocncaes aerence 's orna conoc an eac samene's anr a corresonn samene erenceeween ar samen one oe'srecv resuaoc mancae ane erocs an a corresonn same u'sr oerrmnoarr conoc. oecom e, asusraen.,e veo encoer ma useua-reearonnransormosoecse reusmeac,ve, a.nrarn rsesormuaococss a o re acanunaro osnuea orer o mro nroeuma,, anr sames on wce sameransorms ae. o a ma comrn-suareoc o ouma sames,wo corresonnransormocs se aransormoc useoransormeransorm o croma sames, an snax eemensumaransormoc, aroc sames.us, eac o a mae assocae w arans ansormoc, an arransormoc.n some exames,euma raonrsmoc assocae we mae a su-oc oe'suma resuaoc.e m sae a sourm-oocc o maee a's sur- resocua ooce.n' msono rcesromuaecoucre.s orecrurreasnsaovrmnorceereanasraorem cooer sanes, a ma comrse a sneransormoc an snax srucures useo e vaemo enes oeransormoc. oen coer ma a one or moreransormso aumaransormoc o a a erae auma coecenocore. coecenoc mae awo-mensona ernrcaoe orra mnsaor am coe onec oern ms.orerraannssoorrmms cooe acenran msaorme aoc scaaruan.e veo coecenocore.e veo encoer ma a one or o mo aroenerae aransormoc o aoenerae ar coecenocore. eransormso ar ornee.: . or ar coeerceenneraonc a, coee vceeon encoocere.., m aaumuaa cnoezeceen coeocc,e a coecenoc enera reerso arocessn wcransorm coec noc.uanzaon amoun oaa useo rereseneran ens areuanzeooss reucee e veo encoer u sorm coecens,rovnurer comresson.er snax eeme anzes a coecenoc,e veo encoer ma enro encoe maeronrmsncan oneeu sannazxe eermanesnosrmn coceancenes.uoanr ezxeamraen,soerm v coeeo encceoner na,e veo encoer ma ouu asreamancues a seuence osa s. reresenaon o coerames an assocaeaa, wcs eer sa orms a orransmeo vene soraeevce er recevenes anasonevce. arseesreamo oreamenerae e veo encoer,e veoecoer ma reconsruce an snax eemensromesream.e veoecoer ma es rames oe veoaaase aeasnar one snax eemens oanerom rocessreearmo.rmeeroceses o v reecoo ennscroucern.eo vr eexoamaae,seene vraeo reeccoroecaoe enconnverseransorms one coecenocs assocae w s r maerorm resuaocs assocae wes oe curren o a curren o reconsruc e conocs oe curren ane sam.e veoecoer aso reconsrucs curren o corresonn sames oerans es oerecveocsors oe reconsrucne conocsor eac oormocs oes oe curren.er rame. arame, veoecoer ma reconsrucenra-ramse noree acoovne,o vrenor cao-renc aconeve asn vneoer c-ormamreessreonc usonnorrmnarer-rweo mcoones,.e., noea coue reare as eernra-ramerecon or ar moe.ew .s moes,ner-ramerecon conrues moreoe con ecen eenewo ecause oe use o moon vecorsorrecn cannra-ramerecon oc. a curren veoocrom a reerence veo szeorures wervne eevaersmrovn veoaa caurnecnoo an more rene veooc vecorsor ne veoaa,e amoun oaa reureor reresenn moonoener aom curreenacramae a nsoo onncre aasersou su osa nnea.ornne was on oovercome snaas an caeemnoeras ornee.: . noemanosrnave ssm araer a vsoeo smaaar.orerreeocren,usroossesuee moon vecorseweenese saa neorns anoremora co-ocae o usee moonnormaon onormaone.., moon vecor o a cu s as an aroxmaon oe moon correaon, wcs aso reerre rren exorner saa anemora nsea o encon,nooe a vs “eooonecorrecor ” oe curren. eermne e moon es sream, an acua moon vecor oe curren moon vecorreco maon un asescre aoven connecon w .,e o r oe curren s suracerome acua moon vecor oe curren neerouce aoonecorerence ore curren. on so,eres no rameon eoncoee veeo mosornea vmec anoreee armmonuen oaea m usoeonor es remreaseonnn un mooonr eac o a e veosream cane normaonn eerocess sncanecrease. reco o coosn arecveocn a reerencerameurnner-rame veoecno oer a cooer cooncs,ru ac sen o a r muoeso nnee vecoore ca anoaeesoasoeno vwneo as e anc “omer ane a curren usnoseoena canae moon vecors ass eres”or s anoremora co-ocaes oe curren anoecnae w saa neorn moon vecor canaes as a moon vec seecn one memerrome no neeoransme moon v orrecorore curren.on so,eres ecoer an annex ecor canaesserome veo encoeroe veo ss suc oe seece moon vecorrecor wne moon vecor canae recor wennore meo voneo ve ecncoor cearn aanese vor eenocoecnoe arneoco usene seam cuerr meoon vecor sscosures reaeo veo con an comresson.ore secnca. scosure reaeso meos an aaraus onmrovne con ecenc ,s er an cross-como o aaveoo arous veo c nen aaveooer . erorme acc onecnues mae useo comress veoaa.eo cons nown veo coornn soa onnear or more veo con sanars.or exame, nowaas, some we- o sncueersaeeoon , cenc eo asonnown as,. aso ornown as-.a or -ar anvance eoon , - . eaeor w,a wsecve aoreeoneavneceooerenea a asn a ornee.: . s aunccessorao vseore ccoemnres ssaonna sranar.,su anooere voeoon , wc reersoa auo euo an eoonanarorr comresson sanar sereseveoe sanars areu uoneamousr ou ona.os oe exsn veo conmreaecso onr s meeueoncsese a.n., unsenr-rreanscoornm, cnoran- vreeo oc co comonn aco rream eu ece new e roerun.ea.,nc usnresenocn- vaseeo nmoranoa o veo conecnuesso co r oerecon errors.ower rae we avon or mn mress veoaano aorma uses a erseneraon smanznarenrcauaesonson veseoua. ecnoo,vanceuoeoon,ar: e naona sanar “normaon ecnoo,vanceuoeoonar:aeo”nown as an “normaon can oer aroun -rae savn ae s oeevsoneo”nown as . sanar.e sanar veoar wasrameerceuaua comareo - eruar .e seconenera omuae asenese naona sanarn sanar “normao on sanarncuese seres onese naona manaree aenranecnoo,cenumeaon”nows as , wcssoue oa oesm.ssnona o exra rorams.e con ecenc oe eanwe,e sanar v ,e wasssue asenese naona sanar. nneers as on eoar was sume nsue oecrca anecroncs eneraon veo cone snaenrnaaronoar sanar veoor a accaaoonns. amen a su sraanssanrse on ceo nenw eecenc- oaeaesnernaona sanar .narc , ae- meen, s sene wasnse, wcroves aroxmae -rae savns overe ,sa mnaarna.neurrene,erersou oneo reemeroenncsera seo aw reareer,en ccaeem erormance moe sanar. emenaon oe ramewore.e.v,eseeoc sanaarrams ou ae uneornceoco-ca-seaserr v veoe eo con ssem.enu veo snasrocesseoc occae con unssncon rome wcaronsocs onase onua-rees,ne , one.eren unanarexsen se-uan-oree.soon aaa,eo co vnacr conree u en o moucae caarraceorns ucnsaseen one ornee.: . no exss rnemoeve,.e.,nsee sae,a eraacon os a,wares ucseon a usneasc an unranosroorm unrecooesransorm wouurerarons.nereearon srucure oe , one n an aronease on aua-ree srucure.en, eacua-reeea noe srs ase on anar an exene-ua-ree srucure.n caneurerarone recon maeerorme.aareconor “n., saarecon anoremora sames o area coe neornocswc arerarecon” usesxesrome veocuresceorece curren ve cae reerence samesne samenerenne veo sna.emor ooc.aarecon reuces saa reunanc comensaere areconaso reerreo as “nerrecon” or “moon rece curren vcoeno”o ucses. reemconosrarucreecxoens reroumceseem aroeraa re counean vcenoerecnureso veo sna.emorarecon snaor avens usua snae one or morne vecorss wcncaee amoun anerecon o mooneweene cue moon semora reerence.so, mue reerencecures are su rren annexs aona sen, wcs useoenrom wc ore, one reerencecure cure soreeemorarecon sna reerencecurene reerence moeecsonocne encoer comes.er saa anoremorarecon,e rae-soron omzao cooseseesrecon moe,or examease one oc anereconn meo.ereconocsen suracerome curren veo uanze resu resuase-correae usnransorm anenuanze.e re a coecens arenverseuanze annverseransormeoorme scnoans orucee res.uura,e wrnc-oosene arne, suacoereconocoorme reconsruce an c aseocner, same aave ose reer aenacevecunr-eo soore aner use as m reaerenec aeo ceo oenuuere re vconeosruocces.ooermoree osuuune -sream, con moener ornra,recon moenormaon, moon veo uanze resua coecens are a senoe enro con un normaon, an ace. oeurer comresse an aroxmaeers verson-r oae seavn or s eanuvaaren wasercneauzeanuaco ceorma, wc oers eneraon v coeon comnrov sea reoeror sncan mnenarsa.nsreecessor.,ereous eveencea sa snuaerrorr coovnes ornee.: . e ancenc ca snaree aceev eex wora aon woonra o co nenw cooosn oveercnoo.esasoer ounua,o sanarzaon.neoneoxoraoneam wasormenre veo con an oen sncan su o avan c. - susa ceecnooesa cou enae moena en waansc memaennan oe cone ecenc.nenrea rener seenvceera so awaroena ca coenono exoraon e es m os ono o aneo ennc.oe vauae a wases,su-eeo.n ca m-ee aonrroosas n, wc.emnonsr. on v rae c,eo com omress rree osss n eoonnsecs w e were ca recaeve e aroun .ase on suc evauaon resus,e aunc ncan over eveoe neweneraon veo con sanaras nam e a newroeco ne same mon, one reerence soware c e asersaeeoon . esaseoremonsran a reeren oease, cae es moe , was veseeoca,raem o asenuerc uce oocnm -eem aseoecna-raosne oe veor enc voe s noa cn soarn.ramewor.. snasrocesseoc occae con unss.n -.s,em a.enu veo x xes.owever,erenrome wcaronsocs onas cane uorees,ne , one conree un s snoso aao vaer onnuoaca- c unaraceersncsease ons rueamovena,r.ee.,rnaer s-ereaer.aon oona,,reec coonnce un o muearon un oes no exsne anmorensea, eac s awas anransorm ororecon anransorm wouurerarons. use aseasc un srsarone aua-ree srucur ne mu-eree srucure, one arone anar anern e.en, eacua-reeea noe caneurer es,uaerna arree srucure.s sownn.,ere areve sn orzon raronn,orzonanararonn, vercanararonn,emoraareernacrona mraonene,r anorm veer.caaeranarreacronononr “.nnrar.e,c saoarecon anor e sames o area coe neornocswc are ca n” usesxesrom veocuresceorece curren e reerence samesne samenerenne veo sna.emora vreecoonoca.so raeearrereoc aso “nn reerucrees scaoan” re oru “nmoanocn ornee.: . coremcensaee curreren vcoeno”o ucses. reemconosrarucreecxesrome area coe veocureso veo sna.emorarec on reucesemora reunancnerenne vecorss wc on snaor avens usua snae one or more moon semora reerence.ncsao,ee m aumoune r aenerenecereccuornes o ar meo suonoreew,ee onnee curren an nexs aona sen, wcs useoenrom wc reer reerencecure cure soreeemorarecon sna co encecurene reerence moeecsonocne enco mes.er saa anoremorarecon,e rae-soron er cooseseesrecon moe,or examease one oc ane oremczaonon re mseuao.see-correrecaeon usoncrsansenor smu arnaceuanromze.e cuerren veo resua coecens arenverseuanze annverseran uanze resua, wcsen aeacoerecon sormeoorme reconsruce .urern-ooern, suc aseo ocoorme reconsruce sna oe n-ooer mae ae one rceconnser, same aave ose an aave sore an useo coeuure ruce eoresune reerencecure ornra,re veoocs.oorme ouu veo-sream, con moener a senoe ecnoron mo coenno urmnaoon,e muoroenrn coomrmraessoen, a annuaacnezeo reosua coecens are .ves aeneraocaram o aoc-ase veormecoee-sream. -sreamsrs enroecoe a enroecon un.e con moer.e veo normaon are seno eere saarecon un nra coe o anrecon un ner coeoormereconoc.e resuaranreemorarecon nverseuanzaon un annverse sorm coecens are seno reconoc ane res ransorm uno reconsruce resuaoc.e vureroroun-ooeruaneocore ares seonre ane reoereenceer.cuere re scoornes.rucee reconoscru mcae uueroe vn reeoerenoccescure soresen sen ouorve asaevce, as we as useorec cross-comonene. a maanveocuoso oeerscosure.soem reroaveee aaveooer an oown secons. nowees eaoraene ern nearern anave n ornee.: . amon saen an, s aeoe ouu sames o .woer saes,× resecve ×amon sae are suoreoruma an croma comonens, ane cen,e ars s suoawren cnorres.on.sno a. cu,r eraecn so-uaer-e coerrrees soanmseo auma or a croma same on-smmer an eacneerer coecens rere .eer coecens use aon,e sum o coecens o oneers e sene w-raconarecson.n o. w-ra_!%c_&on_!a uao, wcsexe-on reresenaon "^# ^^ ^^r_"e_#c_'s =on: o coecenss eu, sae, ao anor× an×er coecen ^^_!oere s ^{* ^*^ ^}e^{^,} r ^{^^}ecoame vaue ^^ ^^, ^^ a coornaesx,serve an =nsru^"c^#e ^{^^} sa ^{^}m^{^ ^^}e vauesx, asoows: ^{^^ , ^^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ − ^^ , ^^ −^ ^^} euoansornuce ca sname wesr coernreso _, ^{! ! ! ! ! ^^ ^^ ^^, ^^} rec nno ^^- coe ₋cen _, ^^ _−!.ueoe consrann euaon, ^^* _{^ ^^} ^! _, ^% _^ ^& _^ as: "^{# ^} ₌ ^{^!} _^^ ^{^} _{^^, ^^} ^{^ ^^ ^^! ^^^ ^^! − ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ − ^^! ^^ −^ ^^! − ^^ ^^} ane currenn_.,eoss o ceerenceeweene neorn same vaue ^^* _^o-e _^-_{^ =}er _^e_^ sa _^m_^es a^"#e _{^^ ^}o_^ euaon asoows: ornee.: . m ^{^^} , ^ ^^ ^^_! , − ^ ^ ^{^}^ ^{^ x ^^!. ^} _#' ^, _{# ^ ^^ ^} ⁼ _{^ ^^ ^^ ^} ^, _{^ ^^} ^^ , or. ×umaocns cass, sue-aosce oenvesreerc aonaaon ans on aaaceano acumva c.omonen.ac o sameraensororzona, verc rs,e vaues ^^ = ^^ ^^ a anwoaonarecons are cacuae: _{^^+,- = ^^ ^^,}, ^^ − ^^ ^^ −, ^^ − ^^ ^^, ^^, ^^_+,- ^^ _^^ ^^ ₋ − _{^^ −} ^ _^^_^, ^ _^^_{^ −} − _{− ^^ ^^, ^^ , ^^/, anwoa} ^era ₋ ^^ − − ^^ ^^, ^^ a^{se one sam ens} _, ^{, su-} ₋ ^ocorzo _, ⁿ _^^ ^a ₋ ^ra _. ^{en, ^^, vercar} ^^_.on =_a ^! _+r ¹ _a% ² _!#ens ⁰ _, ¹ _^ ² _^*& ^ _a^_{n ^^*' +,-} ,_{, are cacuae as} ^{. aen,} -_%0# wa coverseare×oc, ×u s umma wno a comex, onrae useor cassnaoc.o reucee n..e vaues on o oer e svaemr seecorna seanms aree sne ao×. wnows cacuae asusrae ornee.: . oe su-ocecoornzo,noa as asnn verecarecrona ,e rao oe maxmum ane mnmum ^^_. ³ _, ⁴⁵ = max ^^_. , ^^_/ , ^^_. ³ _,/ ^!6a =en msn ^^_. , ^^_/, , aonaraens erwsenee: , co o acuaene e. e: ^^ ^ ^^ ∙ ^^, o, oerwses seo vaue assneoac s an c sae accuo va,o o vna oerwse uess o cns s acu eexaeecoue eres no =^{!12 012} ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ as _{+%!# -%0# +,- +,-} − ,_{,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.na, eac×um} ^{,were ^^6} casses: _{aocs no one oe} a ₌c cass _^ c_^anaves eree roaon,eaoreonae orrn eac o×wnumear asoscn,e a.eomercransormaon, suc as- ,eenn on verca,s aeoeer coecens, asusraen. aee su-eoomceraen vaue as secenae. u^-o rcransormaonase on su-ocraen vaues ^_{^*'^ ^} ^c _^* ^rae _^^ ^{n va} _{^ ^} ^u _^ ^{es ransormaon} ornee.: . ^ _^ ^{^} _^ ^* _* ^> _> ^{^} _^ ^{^} _^ ^{^} _^ ^* _* ^' _'a ^a _n ⁿ _^ ^{^} _^ ^{^} _/ ^. _^ ^{^} _^ ^{^} _^ ^{^/ e}-^r _e ^ca _{ree roaon} er aaaonn. aumaono ceanu umsea a×ero sec c-aevceer aaaon, suors-eve ses cacuaeore area coe sces. can asuoa usee oore curren sce or one oeer n eacerummna , wcer ne oe oneraneer ses. oc,se rome cosener se soue aeo eac × croma comonenreosmna a u ssees c ce oas .ns cacu ac-ea cve aen e nerua aaonaon.orsooc.ers cane useor naxesn seec one oeseers. ncue uo cerro cmoaeceerns asn an on ceumnanecre sse ar we carr ueon ers.s.nn can ncueor eac oeuma casses.assesavne samenex ^^ sarenee sxa ^m^_?es aso mern eren casses,e numer os re _? er. reuce.e ureo rereseneer coecenss coeoowe aso au sen vaueo or a a non-er coecens reresene usn a orerx-oom s aso snaeor eacer coeczeenro u cosenc aewno.-enx ce-ns enae, a cnnex or coecens an cn en coe.e sorae neee cane use eecoe nces wn an s a mos s.o s as are snaer conrro a snea sxam eeemmene.sncuewoes onormaon.rs, ono cure an sceeev ae s oenuenceu,macure,s s ecne an eves.roma cane enae a normaons snae acure, sce anaee ave,e corresso ennneve.econ,er usae ss are coe a a sceeve or a acureeve aae sece as waenvee.eceurreenc uese ornee.: . reee sreamncees.uma. coomr aounmena can, re anerennceex uo s an croma comonens can raneumaer se s snaencan wc or one s use. s use.or a croma,enexncaes wcerne reerence oneuereucon rocessn.n re,unceeuee srooraue reuremenor, emosneuerounar orzona ounares.en anares areaceuma sames an croma sames aove sames one oer se oeneuenrounaor a s caamnnoe one o unsee s.e o aneuerounar, sn oc szeor casscrmaaoennca s s ruon esua r cmemo enva rom anxox v.ruaer souzneaorrorocuesmsan an ar ce rreommoave. wc coecens are snae,sncrea ,or w seox. eren ses ooeerrs ax ^^ue ,m ^a^ se aar nms ^^e, arreee useeren cassers ^^_& , ^^_' an ^^ anree coecensraneor cass_&er_'s ^^ an ^^.o.es ^^_& an ^^_' conanxeers, w rom a se ^^s useor aven s_&ame_'seceecens a o cersn ^^ are snae.cer casser ^^_! ._! ass ^^_! assneos same usn e nermeae samrr esn s, ^^wo ^^, ^^x ana ^m^o ^n^, ^^ s .aeexrea,e ^rs ^^_& an ^^_' are aeoervewo neorn sames, an_& sameseo_'reeocner^s aeo ^^_& ^^, ^^ , ^^_' ^^, ^^ , ^^* _{^ ^^ = ^^ ^^} ^'@ _{^^! ^^ ^^ : !%} ^' _{& ^}o_{^! ^^!}erve a_!% ^Aer _^e_^! same as _: ornee.: . same ^^ ^ were ^^se ce erenceeween a neorn same an currense c^, ^^, ^^_! ce erenceeween ^^_!#& ^^, ^^ an curren same ^^ ^^, ^^, eer coeeceens=ew,…een a, a nree snoaren. sameeere soaree o ^^ ans cruersreenne samne ^.^ ^^,. ^^. ^_^aasses oc_! naorencona ^^_! an acv ^^_!, a cass ^^_!s assneo eacxoc: w_{! =} cacuaeor easer cne _^^ ^_!^ _{∗ ^,!^} r same,e_,! u vr saes _^ nue_^ en_! ss - oe aeoao nruzmonear, o verrecca,on anaewso ^^_!.aonaraens are wnow acan.e sum oe sameraens wn a× wn aa× cov wernsoweasr ue×ocs useor casser ^^_& ane sum o sameraens aonaraens seor cassers ^^_' an^! ^^.^!e^! sums o^!orzona, verca anwo eermne co areenoe, resecve, as ^^_. , ^^_/ , ^^_*' an ^^_* .erecona ^^_!s ^^^!m =ar ⁷n^{BC^D} _! ^{"! ,D} _! ^#! ^^^! = ⁷ ₇ ^B ₈₉ ^C _^ ^{^} _D ^D _! ^{! ,D!} an asn usnres^!os ^cacua.^e.o^rr^{s.resos=.,.,,,., are use.}aon^ea ^s e^rene sre ^{^}n^{^!} ^^s^ _{^^.!,/ oerwse, ^^E!Fse maxmumneer suca ^^! ^^E!F -. e sre} ^E _n ^F _{^^!s ^^!} ^{^^*!} !^{',* oerwse, ^^!se maxmumneer s} _. ^u _,/ ^{c a ^^*!',* ^^! -. en} o_.,/er _^w_^*'s_,*e, _,a_.e.o_,n_{orzonaverca ees areomnan,e ^^!serve usnaea} aae e.esa arenom ona ^^n^!, ane ^ ^^^_E ^! _{! F}soe ^r^_!ve usnae. ornee.: . _{o o n, were ns eua ca e rane} n an__o,_o u_ro _anuma_orer_& s _ae_ns ar_'e_. ers. snae, eac se maave uo snaeumaae esr rsna sec,ave aonx an ca s snass esxeenre w an aona aernave casser.or a eo eoncae weere aernave cassers ae. cassmeerrcsa aranseo,rmea sounms no aeoe aernavean casser.enean-ase cassnexs cacua o same vaues o axumaocs cacuae ars.ene cass_ene axs =esouwm, * samee . eran rocess.s sown usee nss aen .umr ,aec a sasmon neaer vaueersno o reernee croma same vaues wnenu anenera aonaeseuma same vaues asneenenores eace correcon vauesore croma same vaues.e correconsenerae ornee.: . ^_{^ ^} ^c _^ ^rom _^^ ^a _{, ^} ^c _^ ^om _^ ^o _^ ^ne _^^ ⁿ _^^ ^{^^ , ^^ ∈ ,r an cane reresene : ^^! ^^, ^^ =} com_5',Ho_'n_∈e_Jn_! ^_G^ , ^_?^ , ^^_&s_?e_&um_!a_{&, ^^& , were ^^, ^^se sameocaon oe croma} suor ose aro_?un_? ^^ , ^^, ^^s saemeero sucaoonr reerverom ^^, ^^ , ^^_&, ^^_& areeer eumaocaon ^^ , ^^_??se_!ermnease one saonan scaumnaoarcore cerwoma comonen ^^. cromaesanoens.oe sa_?m_?e vauesne eeneuma an an corr uma suor reon are asonusoe uma sae or a:: veos se seow ou uenncnu o e, w.e c,roe sae. ma eras aamon sae.s seenn., orzona co-se w e even numeorceao cnoumens, o.e.,e wuemna seam creosma sames arenersaeweene rows oeuma sames,e an verca croma sameocaon cener oeamons ane w a coecens, snce no s c. momeecre cnosnsarvaen as arreea eenroreree oex comareo reuar oreser ce.owever,womaons are enorce: ze ve neura,e sum o coecen vauess reureoe anro.es c aoe resuce,n on a soecvaenon o ^^e , e ^^ser coecens neeoe snaenesream,neerower oewo a,s soeucec vaau_?e o_? ve , co aeceenecsoser r.esrceoe eer zero or an varae-s o ,,,,,,.s enaesmemenaonso use naeraonsnace o mucaonsor ,esre. exesn naesn o m.axmumer neunm seer o oerser co ceromcean cosm canonen o acure wasourne croma comonen.sse case e seeceor eac o a snae wn an ore reuar coecens, coecens are comonen. e ca.nace enae a a co sneaunesnc ueeoveo,ur can oneer esnaor eeac cromas ornee.: . ausmoa enaes eonrae seuence.mar, cane enae acure an sceeve on nee aueer corresonneve. our anwo samseess,cr resee ecnv su eecco ,on anov.e.,eeumao aunnare. corromaen:euerounares are resusnneuerounaresa are aneor croma anuma.:ow cevreomaorma,s :: cromaormas,e croma aneumaneuerounares are no ar,neor w:: e an oer.s a resue a onosu msanmen,or:: a acoe rowsre n:: cromaormas,- s no ae nr sames aovee ounar. resua correconeore crroomceas ssa umsese as.near-aeraroeererums uas seamne vaues arnocesesnerae asmus anrae cann sna..or aven sce,e enco , wc e er can coece sascs oe sce, anazemroveeeroo uuo anersrouave.eenmroven ,eres roomourer resus an saarrsm n,a e onncen. oernxeern aes saa neornxes,xe ernormaon, oernormaon sucs ase soraeeocner asnu.owever,esesese neornxesn resua sna, or saaa n neeoorrnnxxeessenorecon sna, saa as onne er euaonnu re can asoe use econ, e , wc maenee conerormance. onne ern .eowaesveer, caesssewero ananase casser are use aaveor cassers, wc maenee conero crmasasncee.r maeurer comneorove oer ornee.: . oruma sr,one creorss s saaeeo,r c sucrom na samonn , weeer sae sanarzaon on-uneesn ma noe omarom exe vauesoou arn o er, vee ew. .eowaseever c,a asserere anxean vauaseesr coamsseer snaes: on r conesoerer eocenr euaeronnreu,coense snxae va rueessua sna r eore are save as onne maenee co can asoe uzeoesn new cassers, wcumaxe vaues a,n eree eror .ema oan wsc eee. ve cr,asse cerro amnaaxne vaausees c caanssern on conser casser, wc maenee asoe uzeoesn new x, smaro ceounmaerxeorm vaanucee. errecon sna resua sna r esorreome a srea saevs:e as r aeonoare onenoecun er euaonnu,e cromaxe vauesrome ma recon sna resua sn saes:eoreeocner croma er euaonnu,a wc r maeeonreee c coann asoereor smavae as aona onne even, smaroeumaxe vauesrome nce. errecon sna resua s saes: r eoreeocn er euaonnu,eumaxnea vau resroemoree sae asr:e sa rve ase aoona onneuma recon sna resua sna r eore reeocner er euaonnu, wc m can asoe save as aona ,e caasseenresese conerormance. vaues nn on conserse reconsruconxe moe,. woeweevrer,e ceo conno mcose cnormaon suc as weer a conocs coe w s esn casser, wc maeneoee co wnnerar,onrmearnce o.rner moe can asoe uzeo ornee.: . sames r eonre, aeeorc onnnereceraes sames as aonanurome saes: , ec., accorno currenneuero sne sanmsens res, aua soamnaesne sames r eore save rows o corresonnuma sames an rows o corresonn cruomears sa amre neeeo orzona ounares, wcncreasese es aove en, aer eraes smamemesen aaon comex. sames r eoreeocn s aonanurome saes: , recon sames resua sames sames r eore save e roc.w,s ac ocor cornresoo currenneuer sensn , aonaneuers are neeeo ememenao nnuma sames aoveorzona ounares, wcncreases nn csomsceoxsure. secon, meos areroveo,our aerresmsroevessuees asone oune “roem saemen” maneaures oerooseecnooesnssc eoxssuren aree ssumnm oarzee.nenera,e nne eraes saa neornxesnrec asooows. neornxesn resua sna, or saa n sna, saa e cassers wc comne neeeauorrens o exeeseasoere cass aesr a anoannanasue. casser are use saeo un we as a eer soanae coarss creormoar onnes caneer.romamon saeoon cross e casser saeoruma. e ers wc uzeexe vauesrome saes: r eore cassocernor onernrecon sna resua sna r eore are use as aona casseror onee casseersr. wc uzee cromaxe vaues are use as aona sna, saa nenneneo crnromear. xesn creormaa reess suaaa s nnea, soarna nexesonrn cromxeasreromcone ornee.: . seaeoc rn aeso are cornoaman, or saa neornxesrome sae r eore croma neornxesnumae rru. esaueas s sanaa, n seornxesnumarecon sna, saauma, or saa neornxesromaea s naee rorneorxeeusmraomeoec sane a r eorenu. s aona ocs coe we c sass meros we,c uzee con moenormaon suc as weer a con moe are use as a weere conocs coe wnra,ner orner eona cassersor onne er. sames r eoren oenoncen reercaones sa smameses a rses auonanurome saes: , ec., accorno currenneuer sensn , rowas s oam corerseso snamnes r eore an rows o corresonn croma sames aoveorzona ounares areum asasu sammees eau vaues, wc r eoreeocn ma o e save n receerse ona sen ase m saumer esess. re ass aua soanmanurome saes: sames ec., accorno curre es, sames r eore , orzona ounnaresne areu asesru smensn , rows o corresonnuma sames aove n some emomense ooeearuese vnauessc, wosucre, mae sasvceoeseneuers. aeneen se meos mae neonrma oroonn. c nrecon, resua oreore use as aona nu recon, resuaco orrneoroee on aere or more emomens oescosure,normaonn mae useo ac use as aona euaonnu.eren meos suse orecon.eve samresseesnoa , os. ueu o snamnees wcer arne ousa.nenneeenerre cancaone s aam ore as ornee.: .neeone r oesunae sraamneesxneoee ors, resua sames, ouu sames wc are oane , an ouu sames wc are oneanreaneexeen reecrso,n rsecruocnseru scame seames r eorenoe oneranex s r eore neeers, as aonanus. sn rs meo,srooseoaee saa neornxesnreconnorama ason anorenacon s enaua.oonr enxamu.e,areouser sera saes mae useo exracen..arous euaonorms m e mae×,× or× as sown an emo ae useo exracenormaonnrecon sna.n currenxmee anre, usee c asn eueareonncensue.wnee anne surrounnxesnrecon sna an e surrounnx oer exame,e cnerenceseween cn esnrecon sna ane coocaexenrecon sna,e euaoenrennceeweene coocaexenrecon sna an currenxe are use as aona onneeus.es aerans m aa aosnoa onne erasrecorecon sna, eenrecon snao e aeoe merm resus wc are oane snao oane merm rexseus, wersc. maraousaxeereerres mcaone s anaenoormaeorrecon recevee.or exame,ewoxamon saex nn aare mae uzeoerrecon snao oane mermeers uzen norecon sna,eoceve cas resus.en anxeers casscaon res scaon resus marec uzeeoceve sna.en ausn comxeueerosro rre aceorn sna s, onnae, oxre recoemrruaenase onreconeve casser mae uzeo oan one m ease on oneoc ase onwo o erm resu, orwo or morexeersrane n veo conr m soarnearocs,eevree c araes ussuears mae uzeo oanwo or more merm resus. xeer mae cosenromem s aev raerearsooursonx oemezrasorneare, anro ocneess.rouor ornee.: . e cxaomsene,romnwo,ro ounesrouxerocerconanswoxamon saexeerss anxeersorecon snaes,s,e anrouenroeuxonrerxescroanns smnae moaeceoer.en rounexor r aer sna, orerenrome sameoe ase on areene creronn rounexor r aer sna snas,enerounexo,rerree acreowno srnoauss, soeerroouunneexxoorr r r a aeer snas,enerounexorrecon snas, orece r rocess, were norounexorre orrecon snaners an secon cases anerounexcoorn srenacosn ne senea noeeraensmoeraoecoer ecoerner cas nsmeo oane eenenr ae. econn s anaoona onneerasoe merm resus wc are enormaonne merm resus.oxre examerse,, vaerouser sear sea maes mae useo exrac sownn..arous euaonorms ma e×,× or× as resus.n an e useo exracenormaonne merm resus an c eumrreonmxene, aree c usen aseren eceusaeweene surrounnxesne merm erenceseweene surrounnxesne monernmu re.suns a annoere e cxoamocaee,ex cn merm resus,e cn erenceeweene cooca ene currenxe are use as e exene merm resus an recon sna, s ooru one neo meua eaon rm ren es au. us wonac o anren oe eras mae aeo on xeers, ororecon sna a ane eenrecon snao recon snaox ne merm resus wc are oane eenas are aeo onereercs.onor s exnaamne,nranaomnr aacceesss,ees a,eona onne er eras are aeoorecon sna ane mer aona onne eenrecon snaoxeers. m resus wc are oane ornee.: . resua sna ans ae seocnoan me eoua,onsnruo.osaerouosaeee saa neornxesnnormaonn resua sna r saes mae useo exrace ..ar .or exame,eer sae mae×,× or× as sownn emomen,oues c euanon resourmss o mae ceo uosceaeo exxracenormaonn resua sna.n annu. en resua sna are use as euaon aona onneeses aerans aona onne erasreco resua sna, een resua snaoxe mears. asaoroeu asxeeoeres m maerem a resues wocer a rrees ouaaneo oane merm resus, wc maaere resua sna sna e.or exame,ewoxamo normaonn aare receve uzeoer resua snao oanen m saerem rxeseus.enrs on ue orze morne examnes, cons maere aorrecon aneore snas,e ranes areus same n , , wc areosve,uor resua o rane aer sna,.e. wen anxeerso resua sna, senase,rne r raensue ms maaeeo csvee oro neaerveen. raus, suc as-, ,-,,-,,-,, an so on.en anxenereo resua sna,eoceve casscaon resus marec s casscaon resus comueor r aer s uzeeoceve en anxeers na, or recomuease on resua sna. casser mae uzeo oo raens ounae m snearm, o rneesux,e orwoer orra mnoease on oneoceve onwo or moreoceve casse rexeersranease anx rs mae uzeo oanwo or more merm resus.en rounexeor rers aoer resua s snan,a o,reerroenurnomexeorro reusua sna mae sameoe ase on areene creronn ,ere nexor r aer sna snas,enero areworous, soerounexor r aer snas,enerounuexnore rxesoru raes sunaa ssna, osreceerooru resnueax sorn ra aeer ornee.: . anrocess, were norounexor resua snas neeeoransmeoecoerners r se ccaosen. cases anerounexor resua sna neeeoransmeoecoerne oane eenen re asuan sn aaoonxae onenres, vareorusasero saee mserm resus wc arenormaonne merm resus.or exame,eer sae mae m×a,e× us oer×o ex asra scownenn an e.mo.amreonu,s eeuaonorms mae useo exracenormaonne merm resus. euaonn cn resus oe coocaexene merm resus are use as resua sna, or su oo. nuee m noeermae aona onne eras mae aeo on er resus wc are oane een resua snaoxeoxse, oroers. resoru eaxa smnea, anne merm resus wc are oane een resua snao on resua snanranoam acncreasseess,,ee a aoonnaa o onnnnee eras are aeoo resua sna ane merm resu eras are ae xeers. s wc are oane een resua snao sae r eornee srn mae aso a,osnaroose euoaaoneneu s.aaaro nueseornxesromeo exracenormaonneore r saes mae use × as so sna.or exame,eer sae mae×,× or snaw.nnn an em.o.maerno,us ee cuaonorms mae useo exracenormaonneore sna an currenxe are use asn eereunaceosnenwuee.nn ae surrounnxesneore erenceseweene surrounnxesneore sna annoe ceor eoxcaamee,xee cneonre xe s aren uase, aes cn euaoernennceu.eweene coocaexeneore sna an curren ornee.: . sna, aonaes onesne an aeraosna ma on anseoe aeeraoser mecermo r r eore oane een r eore snaoxeers.ar esus wc areoer r eore snao oane merm r ousxeers mae ae snanormaonn aare esus, wc maaere r eore xeers u recevee.or exame,ewoxamon sae merm reszen n mae uzeoer r eore snao oane casscaus.en anxeerso r eore sna,eoceve aer o snn reas,u ors r mecaomureeca usez oen reoceoeve casscaon resus comueor r r eore sna, onexeerr re sna.en anxeersoo oan on anease on oneoceve casser mae uze cassers mea mee urm rzeesuo, o orwaon owr moo orexeersranease onwo or moreoceve r eore sna r more merm resus.en anxeersonexo ,erounexor r eore sna mae sameoerou on arere rne a crereron snna, or,ereere anrerwoomroeurso,unexor r aer snaase snas,enerounexor r e soerounexor r aer snas,enerounex ore snas erounexor r aer sna a roces or r eore snas, oreceor r eoreran s, were norounexor r eore snas neeeo neesemoeraonsmecoeeroneecoresr ann seeconr c caasses anerounexor r eore sna oane eenen r aenore ao snana ononee. xeerears,s vaoroues mere srma resus wc are exracenormaonne merm resus es mae useo × as sownn..a .or exame,eer sae mae×,× or merm resus.n an emormoeuns, euea connorms meraencees useewo exracenormaonne merm resus an currenxe are use as euaonnu.eenn anoe seurrr eoxuanmne,xee csnne ornee.: . merenceseweene surrounnxesne merm resus ane coocaexene curreenrm rxeesu arse, use cn erenceeweene coocaexene merm resus an r eore se sou as na,e or n oo e neuaaon e men au. erona onne eras mae aeo on snaoxeers, oro r emo rreesus w scna ar aen oaen meermee resnu rs wceore oane een r eore snaoxeers.or e are aona onne eras are xame,nanraes,e accesses,e aona onne aereaos a orne a reoeoroe r senoaren srnaan aonm e merm resunse woucr ar me oeoan,esreoeosne roaeeoreeno snaoxeers. oreore sna as euaonnu.e uzaon meormaroonosenrneceorns,, re ssecua anr meo mae comneo aceveeour me on casser ew cassers comneeeaures o eeo.ase casser ananase ase cas ccornoe one or more emomens oescosure,eeaure esrener ananase casser are s o ee er. comneoerve new cassersor onne n meeorss m maeeo u,seso arocoesveeosrosa c.omueerecona oe su- moace ooumae cnomexo rneen,ene sum o same vaues oe su-ocs cacuae ans cacuae as errnoeanase casser, ane cassnexore su-ocs ^ w^ =e ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ , eoa numer orerecsoneanex cacuae reerrnoeanase casser, ^^ reresens s cacuaee sameo ^^nes.n, a ann emso camceuna,eor asexumaoc,erecona ornee.: . oc ouma cn = omesu o snem ecno *n, meneosam e s,e ums oroe samosee voaurses c oomeu seu-e aoc. cvs c vaacuue oe su- maeoenex reerrnoeanase casser, ane cassnexorea seu- ans cacuae as ocs ^ eoa nume w^ = r oer ^e^ ∗ ^ e as^_< cve ^n^ veaxu ceacu.ane an re emerronmo, ene,oarnase casser, ^^_< reresens _{vaues cacuaee s} exumaoc,e acv =sum *_{ameo ^}s_{^n , an s cacuae as} ner meo,amserooeseors com . uma comonen r ueenex oe su-oc o ocs cacuaee aerrnoe eease casser,ene sum o same vaues oe su-nexore su-oncss maeoenex reerrnoeanase casser, ane cass ^^ = ^ cacuae as eoa num were ore^ ∗ ^ es^_K ne ^ exn^ ceaxc cuaaceua reee rrerenrrnoo, e eeaenasaese c casser, ^^_K reresens cacuae reerrnoe eease casser.n an emomen,oraseser,senexnexs cacuaee sameo xumaoc,e =sum * ^s^amne, aens cacuae as nuesre c asroemca ossecro ssuare,eos unroo wseouma.er sae saeromamon saeoon cross sae as sownn., w cacnes ue croma er er sae. ne weuma er ew cassers ueexe vauesrome sae r eoreeocn ornee.: . e sa ccornoe one or more emomens oescosure,exe vauesrom erene r meoeso mreaeeo ucsener are uzeoerve new cassersor onne er. oc ouma conmeonrs meoo, acsevreoosseoao.rs comueerecona oe su- aer an coocaeen, sameneero summ oerence vaueseween samerome sae r cacuae ans maeoeeere snacee rnex, aenoreee coacssnner oe su-ocs cacuae as exore su-ocs ^ w^ =er ^e^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ ^^^s ^^e erencenex, reconaes.n an emomen,orexuma,o ^c^, reererseecnsoneoa numer o sameo ^^n , an ^^ ^^ ^^s c a s cacuaee ^n^ ^^ ^^e = se ^^c ^^o ^n^_!acu m_Leo,:a ^e s^ ^^ ^ a r^s o_!o_Lseo:rs co . oc ouma comone muee acv vaue oe su- aer an coocaen, sameneero summ oeerence vaueseween samerome sae r cacuae ans maeoeere snacee rnex, aenoreee coacssnneer oe su-ocs cacuae as xore su-ocs ^ w^ =er ^e^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ∗^ ^s^_<e ^^erencenex, , ^{vaue.n an emomen,orexumaoc} ^^,^_< r^ee ^ar^ces^vens ^vaeoa numer oe acv _{^^n , an ^^ ^^ ^^s} ^{ues cacuaee sameo} ne _cr_ac m_ue_aeo _a,_sns _euro_ao_os_ne_. uma comonen reerrnoe eease cassoer,rsen come suuemenex oe su-oc o samerome sae r aer an coocae same oromereen scea vea rueseweeoerne ornee.: . ceassocnnexorer oe su-ocs cacuae ans maeoeerencenex, ane ^^e = su ^^ ^^- ^^ ∗o ^cs cacuae as were ^^ ^^ ^^s^_Ke ^^erencenex, ^ , cacuae reerrnoe eease casser,^s_K reerenseenxs caeoa numer oenex a^{se casser.n an emomen,orexumaoc,ene}c^xuae^{s ca} re^ce^urr^an^eo^{e s}e ee _{^^n , an ^^ ^^ ^^s cacuae asn eu} ^ameo oc ouma conmeonoeunr, meneoe s,ums_a oro_oo_n esreenceo_. varsue csomewueeen seamanernomexe o se su- aer an coocae samerome sae r eo ae r cacuae ans mae reeocner oe su-ocs cacuae as oeerencenex, ane cassnexore su-ocs ^ w^ =er ^^ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ , n an emomen,e ^^ ^^ ^^seerencenex, ^^ reresenseoa numer oean vaue. =sourexumaoc,eannexs cacuae as an ^^ ^^ ^m^s * cacuaseam asen eue , sameromne seae r meo a,sroosaeono com.uee sum oerence vaueseween eocner oe su-oce,rene a snum c ooocaeerenc saem vaueerome sae r eorenex aneerencenex ss maeoeerence ne sx meso us,e assroe cosassnex. ase casserase one same vauesromeeo s caaecu raee eease casser oran cacuaon meos sameo orna eease casser oreoanreeaseoc cnaer, weree ase one same vaues aer sser cacuae ew cassers ue.exe vauesnrecon sna ornee.: . recon snccornoe one or more emomens oescosure,exe vauesn e useo acae are uzeoerve new cassersor onne er.eren meos ma nveesoa. oc ouma comonresn, meeno,e susmr oooseereonrs comueerecona oe su- coocae samenrecon sna oe su-ceoc vauses caecuwaeeen s aanmen aer an erencenex, ane cassnexor s maeoe ^^ = ^^ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ e su-ocs cacuae as reconaes w.erne an ^^ e ^^m ^^^se erencenex, ^^, reresenseoa numer o sameo ^^n , an ^omen,orexumaoc,erecona s cacuaee ^ ^ ^^ ^^s cacuae as oc ouma cn^ ^^ ^^ ome = o sne ^^ ec ^^ no ^n^_! , m_L eenoe,: ^ sums^ ^^ ^ or^o_!o_Lseeo:rs comuee acv. vaue oe su- cooc rence vaueseween samen aer an ereanece snamex,e annree cacssonn sexna oe su-ocs cacuae ans maeoe ^^ = ^^ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^ ore su-ocs cacuae as were ^^ ^^ ^^s^_<e ^^erencenex, ^^ , ^{vaue.n an emomen,orexumaoc,} _< r^ee ^ar^ces^vens ^vae^ueoa^s n ^cumer oe acv _{^^n , an ^^ ^^ ^^s cacu} ^{acuaee sameo}uma comonenn reeerrnr moe_ae eo _a e,_sn es _eu asero_a co_o as_nesso_. er,rsen come suuem oeneexre once su-oc o sam meane aeor an coocae s e vaueseween s amenrecon sna oe su-ocs cacuae an ^^ =e ^^ ^^ ^e^r ∗en ^c^e_Kn ^e^x, ane cassnexor,e su-ocs cacuae as ornee.: . ca were ^^ ^^ ^^seerencenex, ^^ a^sc^eua ^ce^ass re^ee^rrrnoe eease casser,s_K reerenseenxs caceuoaea n reumerrenr ooeen eexe _{^^n , an} ^. _^^ ⁿ _{^^ ^} ^a _^ ⁿ _s ^e _c ^m _ac ^o _u ^{men,orexumaoc,enexs cacuaee sameo} neour m_ae_eo _as,_{n e}s_uaro_oo_nseo_. oc ouma como rs comueeannex oe su- coocae samennerne,ceonn sen sum oerence vaueseween samen aer an erencenex, ane cassnexaor oe sue- suo-cocs casc cacuae ans maeoe ^^ = ^^ ^^ ^ uae as n an emom wene,reor ^^^ ^^ ^ ∗ e^ ^s^ xe ^^erencenex, ^^ rerese,nseoa numer oean vaue. =sum *umsaaoc,eannexs cacuae as an ^^ ^^ ^^s cacuaem asen euaeon , samen aerne an c moeocoae, sasmroeosnereo ccom. onu senae s oum oe su-eroencce, vaenuesee suwmeen erence vauess maeoeerencenex onex. aneerencenexs use ase cass ase cassernasee s oxn mee samo,esrooseo cacuaee eease casser oran sameo orna eease casse vra ouresannrecon sna, weree cacuaon meos vaues aer ase casser cacuaease one same e. cwco cranssoerse u onee or meorex eem vaouemsn resua sna resua s ens oescosure,exe vauesn e useo ancae avree uszeoa.oerve new cassersor onne er.eren meos ma ornee.: . oc ouma cnomeonresn m,eo,srooseors comueerecona oe su- cacuae ans maeoene rese suuamn oex,x aen vaeuesn resua sna oe su-ocs as cassnexore su-ocs cacuae ^ w^ =er ^e^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ^^^ ^^ ∗ ^^^ ^s^e r ^^ , .n an emomen,orexesumuaaonce,x, ^e^ reresenseoa numer oreconaes , an ^^ ^^ ^^ ^ recona s cacuaee sameo ^^n ^^^ ^s^ ^^ c ^^a =cu ^^ ^a^ ^e as ne secon^_M m_NOe_!o: ^^ ^^ ^^_MNO! : . o ,srooseors comuee acv vaue oe su- caccua oeu amna cosm maoneen,oene sum oxe vauesn resua sna oe su-ocs as e resuanex, ane cassnexore su-ocs cacuae ^ w^ =e ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^_< ^^ , ^{vaue.n an emo}re ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^se resuanex, ^^_< reresenseoa numer oe acv _{^^n , an ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^} ^m _s ^e _c ⁿ _a ^, _cu ^or _ae ^e _a ^{xumaoc,e acv vaues cacuaee sameo}uma comonenn reeerrnr meo,_sns _ero_uaos_oe_no_.rs comueenex oe su-oc o sna oe su-ocs caocuaee e aneases m caasseer,ene sum oxe vauesn resua e su-ocs oe resuanex, ane cassnexor ^^ c =ac ^u^ ^^a ^^ ^e^ ∗ ^ a^s_K ^^ , cacuae reer were ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^se resuanex, ^^_K reresenseoa numer oenex a^{se casser.}rn^{n an}o ^eme^o e^me^ena^,se casser,senex cacuae reerrnoe ee _{^^n , an ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^s cacuae as} ^or _{n e} ^e _ua ^x _on ^uma _. ^{oc,enexs cacuaee sameo} ornee.: . oc ouma cnomeoour meo,srooseors comueeannex oe su- cacuae ans maneen,oene rese suum oxe vauesn resua sna oe su-ocs as anex, ane cassnexore su-ocs cacuae ^ m w^ = ener ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ , n an emo e ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^se resuanex, ^^ reresenseoa numer oean vaue. =,sourme *xumsaamoec,eeannexs cacuae as an ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^s c , ne maecuoa,e assnro eousaeon. sna o comuee sum oxe vauesn resua resua oneex sus- uoc,ene sum o resua vauess maeoe resuanex ane ecwse co cra a nssse oer csa e ussn oneex.exe vauesrome sae r eore e sae r eore are uez oer mooree emomens oescosure,exe vauesrom meos mae rve new cassersor onne er.eren n useeors ac meeveosoa. oc ouma comonen,en,e sums orooseerenors comueerecona oe su- aer an coocae samerome sae rce vaeuoerseewee on sameerome sae r ans maeoeerencenex, ane cassnexore su-o scu-s coaccs cacuae ^^ = ^^ ^^ ^ uae as reconaes w.erne an ^^^ ∗ e ^^m ^^ ^^^ os ^^ meen,orereencexnumeax,o ^c^, , reererseecnsonaeoas ca ncuumaeer o sameo ^^n , an ^^ ^^ ^^s cacuae a e ^^ ^^ ^^ = ^^ ^^ ^^_!L : ^^ ^^ ^^s_!L : . ornee.: . oc ouma conmeo sneecnon, meo,srooseors comuee acv vaue oe su- aer an coocae sameneer soumm oe saeere rnce vaeuoeseween samerome sae r ans maeoeerencenex, ane cassnexreore s ou-eo scu-s coaccusa ceac auae ^^ = ^^ ^^ ^^ ∗ ^^ ^^ s ^{vaue.n an e} w^me^ore ^^m^ ^^^e ^^ⁿs^, _< o^re^ee^xrenc^ue^mane^ox^c, ^^,^_< r^ee ^ar^ce,senseoa numer oe acv _{^^n , an ^^ ^^ ^^} ^{v vaues cacuaee sameo} ne_{s c}r_ac m_ue_aeo _a,_sns _euro_ao_os_neo_. uma comonen r rs comueenex oe su-oc o samerome seaeerr rno aeer ee aanse c casser,ene sum oerence vaueseween e su-ocs cacuae ans maeoooecaeer seanmceenreoxm, ane sea cea rssneore o ocs cacua exore su- ^ w^e = a er ^s e^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ∗^ ^s^_Ke ^^erencenex, ^^ r, cacuae reerrnoe eease casser,s_Keerenseenxs caceuoaea n reumer oenex a^{se casse} _n ^{r.n an emomen,or} errnoe ee _{^^n , a} ^{exumaoc,enexs cacuaee sameo} n _{^^ ^^ ^}e_^so _cu_ar_cu m_ae_{e asn euaon .} oc ou o,srooseors comueeannex oe su- aer m ana c coomoocnaeen, samenee sum oerence vaueseween samerome sae r ans maeoeerencenromex, aen saee c rassneeoxreore s ou-e su-ocs cacuae ^^ = ^ ocs cacuae as n an emom wene,re^ ^ or ^^ ^^^ ^^ ^ ∗ e^ ^s^ xe ^^ uerencenex, ^^ rerese,nseoa numer oean vaue. =sum * msaamoec,eeannexs cacuae a,s ornee.: . ann ^e^ ^^ ^^s c maecuoa,e assnro eousaeono com. samerome sae r aer an coocae sauee sum oerence vaueseween e su-oc,ene sum oerence vauess mmaeeromoee saeer r eore o erencenexs use a encenex ane ase cassernasee s onxs e me se c amoass e,n vasex. uesrorooseo cacuaee eease casser oran meos sameo orna eease cassmer oe sae r eore, weree cacuaon same vaues a ranase casser cacuaease one ee vaues are uzecwr co c ora enss. rveoers u newe c onaee ss or c e mro rsomroea r e omxe no va nemeuness oer.eesrceonsu mree,oes c mromaxeo aceves ae use o noa.ers meo,srooseors comueeannex ^^ oe s mcon oenusm arae comonen,eneanne _G u- co x ^^_P an ^^_F oe corresonn an ^^ c =om ^^u ∗e ^, ane cassnexore su-ocs cacuae as were_G ^^, ^^^_P ∗ an ^^_F ^^ ^ a^r_Pe ∗ ^e^_F, ^^_F an nex cacuae r, ase casser, ^^ an_G ^^_P rerese_Fneoa numer oe an aeerrnoean emomen,or_Pexu_Fmaoc,e ^^, ^^ an ^^ are cacu nnex vaue.n an ^^_P =ssu _{G P F} ae as ^^_G =umm * * ssaammeeee ,, ^^_F =sum * samee . ornee.: . or r eorerom uasen aosrm aaononraom croem saes r eoreeocn,recon, resua rome saesc rcorneooreee onoec orn m,orere emaomennus oescosure, cromanormaon aona croma e con, resua or r eore are use as neruaonnu.eren meos mae useo acevesoa. recon sna as aso mnea cor,omasroo eseuaoonaneue. saaroaus neero sranexesn croma exracenormaonn cromarecon sn s mae useo or× as sownn.. a.or exame,eer sae mae×,× cromarecon sna.n anar emouso emuaeno,noer cms mnae uesreenceo exracenormaonn xesn cromarecon sna an seweene surrounnnu. curren cromaxe are use as croma euaon recnon an sonaer a enxamee, coeoc caenxener cenrcoemseweene surrounnxesn croma eweene coocaexen cromarecon sanare anco cnur srenna c,roema cxen are uesreence croma eu as resua sna ana s aeon secnoonu. na m ceo,srooseoaee saa neornxesn croma exracenormaonn cromroam reasua s eunaa.onorn exua.maer,oueseer saes mae useo or× as sownn..arous euaonor r sae mae×,× croma resua sn ms mae useo exracenormaonn resua sna are usae. an an emomen,e cn resus oe coocaexen croma ners croma euaonnu. sae r eore croma meo s,nas asro aoseonao careomea saa e nueaonornnu.xearsourosme saes mae useo exracenormaonrome sae r er exame,eer sae mae×,× o eore croma sna.or mae useo exracenormaonromr×e s asa seo rwnneore. c.romaraous e suanoan.onrm ans ornee.: . e cmroomamen, sen ca ann cuerenceseweene surrounnxesrome sae r eore exame,e cn errreennc cesroemwaeexne aere s uusrreou ans croma euaonnu.n anoer croma sna ane coocae nxesrome sae r eore cn erenceew xerome sae r eore croma sna,e an curren cromaxee aerne usee co aso ccaroemaxer eomuaoen saneu r eore croma sna sae r eonre ceroomura meeocon, ssnrao aosse aoaonea cer soma. aa ne eornxesrome er saes mae useo exraceno uaonnu.arous sna.or ex rmaonrome sae r eore cromaeocn orms maea umsee,o eexracer seaneo mrmaaoen×ro,m×e o sr× as sownn..arous euaon n an emomen,e cn ae r eore cromaeocn sna. eo erenceseweene surrounnxesrome sae r n anroe cerro emxaameeo,cen c snna an ceurrren cromaxe are use as croma euaonnu. eore cromaeocn sna anencees coeowcaeeenexe surrrooumnne saxees rromeeo sae r eocn sna,e cnerenceeweene coo re croma cromaeocn sna an cur caexerome sae r eore ne ren cromaxe are use as croma euaonnu. r meo,srooseoaeenormaonn cromarecon, meseuoa,roeoorseen oererso,re seceonocnr, sounra a ms croma euaonnu.e uzaon meo. eo mae comneo acevee or r eoreumanormaonrome saes r eoreeocn,recon, resua rome saesc rcor usne a eoos a ree onoena or more emnoumens oescosure,umanormaon aona euaonneu.ocnere,nr meecoons, m reasuea us oer ro aceevoeresoa a.re use as ornee.: . recon snan as aerson maeo,s euraooonsenuo.aaeroues saera neornxesnuma enormaonnumarecon sn saes mae useo exrac ..arous e a.or exame,eer sae maex as sownn n an emomen,uaeoneorremnsce msaewee uesneeo s euxrrroacenormaonnumarecon sna. curren corresonn unnxesnumarecon sna an e umaxe are use as euaonnu.n anoer exame,e currernenc ceosrreeswoenenneu smurarournenconxesnumarecon sna ane coocaexen curren corresonnumarecon s snnaa a,ne currenere cnocrereseowneennue coocaexen euaon maxe are use as resua sna ann s aeu se.coonna meo,srooseoaee saa neornxesnuma enormaonnuma resua sna e.uoaro exnamnue.,aerouesr saere s maaese max ae useo exrac .arous euaonorms mae useo exrace s sownn. emomen,e cooc normaonnuma resua sna.n an nearexenuma resua sna are use as euaonnu. sae r eo meo,srooseoaee saa neornxesrome e useo exrarceumeanorm saonna arosm aeo snaae r e eoureauomnanu. sarnouser saes ma er sae maex as sownn..arous e a.or exame,enormaonrome sae uaonorms mae useo exrace eweene surrounn rxesreomoreuem saae r snae.orne anum emaome sn,nae ane cruernces corresonnumaxe are use as euaonnu.n a ren eweene surrounnxes noer exame,eerences xen curren corresonneroormeumea sae r sna,eoereuemreancee swenean ane ce coocaen curren corresonneoreuma sna an oocaexe as euaonnu. curren corresonnumaxe are use ornee.: . sae r eonreeumoaure moecon, ssnaro asos aeoaee saa neornxesrome saes mae useo exracenormaonromoen saae r eeuoareounmanue.ocarnous sner or exame,eer sae maex as sownn..ar a. useo exracenormaon ous euaonorms mae emomen,eerencesewereonmee su srraouen rnxeeosreroummaee socn sna.n an eocn sna an curren corres ae r eoreuma anoer ex onnumaxe are use as euaonnu.n eocnam snea, aneee croencoecsaeewexeenne surrounnxesrome sae r eoreuma eerenceeweene coocaexen c cuurrrreenn c coorrrreesonneoreumaeocn sna, an curren corre sonneoreumaeocn sna nsoennu mmeaox,e ares use as euaonnu. resua,eore oreoreeocnro sosenao asaeen eouramaononnnu.umae urezcaon, meorooseners, seconr,our meo mae on meo. comneo acevee ecwco cranssoers ue onee or meo core enm moomeennormaon normaon suc as we s oescosure,e con moes coe wnra,nerer oren ceorn mooec,ss u cozee wo serve m noewe, c waeere conoc er.eren meos mae useo ac ssersor onne s moeurnnee ernsco meno an,escoronoseeve roo rsecoora. weere conocs coe w new casse cess,ensnormaons uzeoesn asrue orasre.ns a an eem aos am neewn, ce casser wcas casses corresonnoe s moe s moenormaon w orassser a.ne an aos ae nre ewxa cmasse,ere. casser wc comnese ornee.: . wnra moen,neer seco mno me,e oron,ers mroooseo recor weere conocs coe snormaons uzeoesn a new casesuerr.nn ane e enmcoonme ann,eec coasnserocess,en casses corresonnoenra moe,ner m r wcas n anoer ex oe orner moes ae as a new casser. w orams ae,ee c asa asser wc comnesenra,ner orner moenormaon ner m neewo c,asser. weere cono srooseoaeoe con moenormaonner o cs coe w s moe, weere conocs coe wnra, an secornn meero mo maeoe ceosmnnee noew ac caesvseeer.re u mezaon meorooseners neuer reuconor ao o. ccornoe one or m na nu eraes sa ore emomens oescosure, wen onne recon sammeess as r aesuaon saamneusrom samee ssa res:e soarmees r, ec.eoreeocn uerso saveese sames,o reuc ,ere wouene accor eeneuer reuremensorese aonanus, rows on corores cuorrnennn ceroumaer sa smeness an , rows o corresonnuma sames an vaues, wc ma saveeseneuers.oveeorernzo mneaos maounea ursees aore assumeoeau ners meo, accorno currenneue acevesoa.o assume rows ouma resua s r sensn ,sroose ounareso zero vaues, asasmumees a rnows r oowsu om croma resua sames aoveorzona aoveorzona ounaresrome saes: sama saems res aneore roewso oc cnromar seamcoens s aameres. sames r eore o coocae same vauesrome sae sames r rooseo assunmee r soewcosn o mumeao sam, acecsor ann roow csu orre cnromnea saumeres s aeonvesonrzona,s ornee.: . saomuneasres sraommese r saese:or sames r eoreeocn recon sames resua same vauesneorzone , ec.n a reeve manner we corresonn neares ner meao, aounares. o assume rows ouma sames ancco rrowns oo c currormena sanmeues aer sensn ,sroose rome saes: sames r eor oveorzona ounares sames r eor eeocn recon sames resua sames row o croma samees, a eocv.en ao mrzrornorae manner, wereers row ouma sames anrs same vauesneorzona ounares,eou snecoanres ro awre o asusummae samoe corresonn o cersomna seamrses aoveorzona es an secon row vau ounares are assumeoe corresonn same s roowus oe s namoeesaeow rowse oorumzoan saames anoun raorwess, an so on. orzonaornounares are cu o croma sames aove ause acc rren neuer sens,e secc vaues mae aes sames ascn aceo oru cus onerom nao rezue nuec s onoe roenn m oro mrs a. eo srea eemon s:oa smamens oneuscosure, wen er sames resua sames sam es r eoreeocn recon ese sames,o reuceeneuese rr reuereomreenso,r ec.,esee are wouoneneuerso save currenneuer sensn , rows anus, accorno ounare o corresonnuma sames aoveorzona mae usse areo a assumeoeau vaues, wc ma saveeseneuers.eren meos nceevers mseoa. o assume rows ouma resou,a acc soarmneso a couvrreenornzeonuaer sensn ,sroose assume rows ouma sames aoveorzona ounaresroomunaer sesaeos: zero sa vmaueess, ornee.: . r vaueseroormeee soacen samerse rcon sames sames r eore o coocae same rooseo assunmee r soewcosn o mumeao a sam,er acecsor. aono currenneuer sensn ,s sam,e esc r.n ae reoreeeveo mcannner wrece coonr sreav sme oneosrzo n rn neesa aua samounesare ssamromes re saees:ore ounares res same vauesneorzonao assume rown. s oeumra s maemoes, a accoovrenorzoo cnuarrenneouunearr sensn ,sroose r eoreeocn recon sam esrome saes: sames ec.n a mrrore es resua sames sames r eore , are assumeoe m caonrrneesr,o wnenre saemrs row ouma sames aoveorzona ounares ouma sames aoveorzonae vaouuensanrese aorerz aossnuameoounares,e secon row vauesners row o samese e corresonn same soue noeaow reorzona ounares, an so on. are curren neuer sens,e sowecs oc vuamuae ssa mmaese a aovueseor azcona ounares sens. corno cusomze some exames o.es aowcarusran a meoor veoeconn accorance w ecoer, aeas one serceosennars sconsuare. a sen a,eaes m oeneoxenecues: oann, a werene aeas onexeersrane ro armar sna, oann, eecoer, one o one. se ,e meo ncues: same, werene one or more sra moare ne saaor nne samornes a sames assocae w a curren sna ore aeas one se rerom aeas one oermar eecoer, conar sna. se ,e meo ncues: oann, neorn s aameerse ass soamcaee w ae cnurr aene saasm onee. onneeroe one or more saa ornee.: . resua sna,n o arn a e rmecoonsmen,ermar sna comrses an one o arecon sna, a sameroro same aruce sna, ane reconsruce sna comrses aeas one n an emaomve ose ern. ncues: uzn, eecoeenr,, arsonceeve a ceaasss ocnaeonx reesus,e wroc aerrmar sna a sna comrsn aeas one same aer e e cacuaeor or cacuan,eec rn,oeermnee aeas onexeer n an emooerm, seenco,n oaoncnevee a casesasc oaneon se rceosunsase onermar sna.eas onexeeroermar snancues: ar sna ane a an muexeersoermar oann mue seconar snas ase oneren sna, werene muexeers areraneeas onexen aeno r ec omoeve em c rmenas ar,s m suers. naenxeerrous arerove, an ane a xeer see cues:eermnn, eecoer,e aeas onenexs sameo ac sencon axerouenrerxou unzecaoer an a aerrsrouenrex, werenersrou eecoer,e aeas onexeer se n sna oreermnn, rounex, wereersro ecn axeerrouncae ars ern snaase on aureneexnes creerrenonr oormn a r seescoonnseroounex uzeor an aer rounexrom an encoer,e recevn, eecoer, a rouncae ermnne aeas onexeer seecn axeer uzeorenr amne a ermro sou nmn aenex s,.weorenxerome arrous arerove an arsrounex ern snaase on ar seconrounex uzeor an aer reso eene creron werene meo urerncues:n ernsseroouaneex se uconzeroourneexrm uarze snoar aes ae orr,nern snas,eermnnnex uzeore aer ern s resonseoae seconrou ermar sna as. nas,eermnnersrounex uzeor ornee.: . xamonn s aan eemxoemener,s. oneerrou oe muexeerrousncueswo urerncnu anes e:m conme,n,eerecmoarer, senancues a resua sna, ane meo uae rane. aeas one seconar snano aeas one ,-,n an emomen,e aeas one uae ranencues aeas one o-, neorn samn a, en- s e am, ssoocamee,n o w,r a-, en curree. aeas one onneeroe one or more saaoe one or n samencues: an mue onneers w mue more saa neorn sames, werene mue onneers are assocae ne arn s eames. ×,×, or× omen,e mueer saesncue anone or an comnaon o reconsruconn. an emomen,ermar snancues arecon sna or aea snaroro ern, an oanneere same ane a sams oenen ocnunees: oeroe one or more saa neorn sames assocae we curren neorn samesa annn,e curreen seacmoere, ce erencease one one or more saa ane aeas o an oann, eecoer,eere same n ann eem ononemene,roee ceerence. reconsrucon snaroro ern,r amnar o sannnanecueesre a samreecon a sna or aeas one onneeroe one or more saa n ne a samenc eorn sames assocae we curren neornu saems: oesa annn co,ocaeeecoer, ce erencease one one or more saa sames, an ce erenceas seam ones ceorr ceosoocnanoe one or more saa neorn oann,eecoer,eere same anee sa ameaess o anne onen ceurreenro same ce ane ornee.: . rmeraernc se.nna so omree em secoonmaerns s,e one or more saa neorn sames maerome ermar sna,e coocae sanma.es aree ornoem or meorrem saara s nneaoren s saama nees areorronm sames areromn ane e smecoonmaren s,nae,rmea cro socanae snacmueess arerome seconar sna. ere same ane aeas one onne a resua sna, an oanne sames assocae we cur eroe one or more saa neorn ase one one or more saare nne samornen sacmueess: o ana onna,nn,eeecoeecro, cer,ee reseus same ane aeas one onn re n an emo eeroe ce resus. assocae men, oanne one or more saa neorn sames eermnn we onee o cru mrroerne s saamae nencuorens: snam resesonrsoemoe cornmucn an nraes,o conucn aanomccesses,eer ar sna orn resonse romermar sna a mnne one or more saa neorn sames .sn aowec aaerasu osnera sencon a mare sonao. some exames oeresens r veo enconn accorance w encoer, aeas o cosure. se ,e meo ncues oann, an wer ne seconar sna an aeas onexeero armar sna, oaennn,e aeeas en oconeer,x oene orer mosrera snaea o nene.or sne same,s aess moceo ncues: same, werene one or more saa neorn ae w a curren sna ore aeas one s sames arerom aeas one oermar e encorner, s aame econar sna. se ,e meo ncues: oann, neo re same an aeas one onneeroe one or more saa n aens e amssoocameen w,ee curren same. resua sna, rmar snancues an one o arecon sna, a roro same o ar a reconsruce sna, ane reconsruce snancues aeas one same na an evme ooseme ern. ncues: uzn, e encoenr,, arsonceeve a ceaasss ocnaeonx reesus,e wroc aerer camcaura senoar ornee.: . a or s cancauancnu,n ae eenacso onere, s saemcoe aer ern,oeermnee aeas onexeer n an e noceve casscaon resusase onermar sna.eas on momen, oanne aeas one seconar sna ane a ane muxeeexreoeersromaerr smnaar sncnua,e ws: oereannne m muuee sxeeconaerrs a srnas ase onerenocev erane n an emoem cenas,sers. eas onexeeroer muexeerrous arerove, an ane a xeer seecn axemarer srnoaunncucaese:ee armrnsnr,ounee exn,c woeerr,eee aresasr onenexs sameo a seconrounex uzeor an aer ern s ou e encoer,e aeas onexeer seecn a na oreermnn, rounex, wereersrounexser xeerrouncae ars ern snaase o enrom a seconrounex uzeor an aer aecoeroncae a seecno an ore aenxee creerrornou or s oenen m,uee enxceoer,e arrroouunexo erounexseermnerou a raesoron omzao s, were n an emomen,woxeerrous areronvreoce asns. uzeorermar snaserenrom a seconr arsrounex ern snaase on areene creron ounex uzeore aer resonseoae seconro werene meo urerncues:n ersrounex u unex uzeore aer ern snas,eermnnneexr umarze snoare aezreoreernrm sarna snsa, aseer omr,nnn reseonsresorouanee sxec uonzerouor xamonn a ans em.omen, oneerrou oe muexeerrousncueswo n s aane emxeomeenrs,. urerncues: cn,ee erncmoarer, sena anecasu oense a se rceosnuaar s snnaa, anno aee mase oo uae rane. ne ,-,n a,n- emomen,e aeas one uae ranencues aeas one o-, n an em,ome,n o,r a-,n. neorn sames assocae we curreen a saemase onnec ounense: aeron meu one oer o mnornee saears ornee.: . woe m oune ore moreer s saa neorn sames, werene mue onneers are assocae n an eameos. ×,×, or× men,e mueer saesncue anone or an comnaon o reconsrucon sn. n aan ermoroomen,eern,r amnar o sannnanecueesre a samreecon a sna or aeas one onneeroe one or more saa neorn same ne a samencues: oann, e encoer s assocae we curren neorn sames an , ce erencease one one or more saa ane a e curren same an oann, e encoer,eere same neas an on eem ononemene,roee crmareerence. reconsrucon snaroro snancues arecon sna or aeas one onneeroe one ern, an oanneere same ane a samencues: oann, oer e mnocroe ser,a ca neeoerrnenc seamasees a osnsocea oene w ore curren neorn sames ane coocae sames correso more saa neorn sames, an ce erenceas nnoe one or more saa same an oann,e en e one coocae sames ane currenoe ceerenc coer,eere same ane aeas one onneer eromermar sen.an o sromee s eemconoarme snsn,a.e onee o orn meo orre m soarea s neorn sames ma areromermar sna,e coocae same aa neorn sames neorn sames arerome se s areromermar sna e saa sna. conar sna,e coocae sames arerome seconar ere samen an a emonmeen a,eeasr omnaer on snneanecruoes ae r oenseu oar m sornea s, aan oanne sames assocae we curren samencues: oa a neorn ase one one or more saa ne nn, e encoer, ce resus same ane aeas o orn sames an oann, e encoer,eere n an emomenne, on onaenneroe oen ce ore resus. assocae w e curren samenc more saa neorn sames eermnne one or more saa neuorens: snam resesonrsoemoe cornmuacrn s anna ornn rersaoensse, ornee.: .oro cmoneucrnma ar sannaom ancceess aeesa,s oeneerm secnne one or more saa neorn sames some exames o.erses aenowcscaorsureu.sra snon e a mare s ,ona e mo.re voeoeconcnuen accorance w ecoer, aura o saa neorn sames assocae w s: oann, a ura o saa neorn sames arerom a curren same, werene are-same aave ose an one o arecon sna, a resua sna, ern, or are-eocn snaern snancun aura o samesroro ,e meo ncues: oancnunn aura o samesroroeocn. se uaneura o saa neor,n saeecoer, aura oernnu sames ura o saa neorn sam meso reuceneuer saceor sorne eecoer, aere same,asee os. se ,e meo ncues: oann, same. neura oernnu sames ane curren ura o sana an n eemoormnen s,a omaensnoeura oernnu sames uane saa neorn samesncu reuceneuer saceor sorneura o ounar o a conr es: uan aura ouma sames aove aorzona veeorzon ee un, an aura o croma sames aoveeorzonaounar. ao an emomen,eura ouma samesncue rows ouma sames nn aan emouonamren an,e rowursa o c oro smaa saam nees aoronve sameoersz aornearoounar. sna, an uaneura ouma sames aneura o crom me resua uaneura ouma sames aneura o croma s a samesncues: n an emomen,eura o saa neornam sameso zero vaues. erecon sna,ere- ern sna, orere- es arerom an one o ura ouma sames aneura o croma sa eocn sna, an uaneuma sames aneura o cromao coo mesncues: uaneura o n an emomen, uanecauera sam oeu vaues o sames aer . croma samesncues: uaneura oumama sames aneura o sames resecveucan correso sames aneura o croma o croma sames nn rows ouma sames an corresonn rows croma sames are, w aereenorozon coarreosuonnarnn rowes c oounmar seaem unes. an corresonn rows o ornee.: . croma samesn anncu emeso: umeann, ueanurae ourauma o samumeas s aanmese anureura o sames resecve mrrorn corresonn rows o a o croma o croma sames, weren uma sames an corresonn rows croma sames are a oreoow ceorroerszoonnano ruonwsa orunmae s caomnes arnee corresonn rows o some exames o.erses aenowcscaorsureu.sra sne a me,oe more voeoeco u ncnn. uens a:c ocorance w ecoer, aura o saa neorn sames assocae w a c ann, a canne, wereneura o saa neorn sa urren samen ars an one o arecon sna, mes aren a secon canne anromncun aura o a resua sna, are-same aave ose ern sna ura o same samesroro ern, or are-eocn snancun a eecoer, aurasroroeocn. se ,e meo ncues: oann, sameso reucen oernnu sames uaneura o saa neorn ,e meoeuer saceor sorneura o saa neorn sames. se ase oneura oncuerens: onuan sanm,es aneeceo cuerrr,e an saemree sanmeenrs ceanrsne canne, n an emomen,ers cannes a croma canne, ane seco . auma canne. n cannes ura o sana an n eemoormnen s,a omaensno reeucuerane ouerer snnu sames uane saa neorn samesncues: uan aur aceor sorneura o aorzonaounar o a co a o samesne secon canne aove samesne snec aonn em caonnmee ann,re oveee u eunra. orzo ona samouensne secon cannencue rows o sna, an uan ann emeourmaen, oe samuraesn oe s saecaon near. canonrennc saumees arerome resua o samesne sec s: uaneura n aon canneo zero vaues. erecon snan, emeorem-en,eerunra sn oa s, oarae nere-eoronc snam sensa ar,e anrom u ana onne o ura o samesne secon cannencues: uaneura o sam e canneo coocae same vaues o sames aer . esne secon ornee.: . uaneunr aan em oo sammene,s unaen seceonur caann oe samuescnane secon cannencues: samesne secon canne aeorzona corresonn rows o n an emomen, uaneuoruanar o sname ceosnnree un. uaneura o samesne secon ca e secon cannencues: samesne secon cann nne mrrorn corresonn rows o .s aeow ac oarreouweorzonaounarne conree un. some exames o sran a meoor veo enconn accorance w an encoer, aurae ores senaas nceosureo.rn s seames a,ssoec maeeo w a cunrcreune ssa:m oeann, eura o saa neorn sames arerom an one o are , weren sna, are-same aave ose ern snanc con sna, a resua ern, or are-eocn snancun auun aura o samesroro se ,e meo ncues: oann, era enco o samesroroeocn. sames uaneura o saa neorn sameser, aura oernnu sorneura o saa neorn sames. o reuceneuer saceor oann, e encoer, aere same,ase o se ,e meo ncues: e curren sam neura oernnu sames an ura o sane a a.n n eemoormnen s,a omanneura oernnu sames uane saa neorn same eso reuceneuer saceor sorneura o ounar o a conree usnn,c anue as:u uraan o a croumraa sam oeusm aao svaemeeso arzoovnea aoorzona n an emomen,eura ouma samesncue rows oumunar. aoveeorzonaounar an rows o croma sames a a sames n an emomen,eura o saa neoronveeorzonaounar. sna, an uaneura ouma sames sames arerome resua uaneura ouma sames aneura o croma samesncues: n an emomen,e auneura o croma sameso zero vaues. erecon sna,e ra o saa neorn sames arerom an one o ura ouma samre- ern sna, orere-eocn sna, an uaneuma sames aneeusra an oe curoramao o co corocamea sa sammees vnacuuese os: u samaens aeerura. o ornee.: . croma samesn anncu emeso: umeann, ueanurae ourauma o samumeas s aanmes aneura o sames resecveucan corresonn row eura o croma o croma sames, w s ouma sames an corresonn rows croma sames are aereenorozon coarreosuonnarnn rowes c oounmar seames an corresonn rows o roma samesn anncu emeso: umeann, ueanurae ou e un. c rauma o samumeas s aanmese anurae oura o sames resecve mrrorn corresonn rows o croma o croma sames, wer uma sames an corresonn rows croma sames are a oreneoow ceorroerszoonnano ruonwsa orunmae s caomes an corresonn rows o some exames o.erse asenowcscaorsurue.sra sne a me,oeo mre veon encreoe unn.n accorance w an encoer, aura o saa neorn same o ncues: oann, canne, wereneur s assocae w a curren samen ars an one o arecon sana, a o res sauaa s nena, aorren-sa smamee asa arevne o a ssecon canne anromncun aura o samesroro ern, or are-eoce ern sna ura o samesroroeocn. se ,e meo nncu senancun a e encoer, aura oernnu sames uaneura os: oann, sameso reuceneuer saceor sorneura saa neorn ,e meo ncues: oann, e enco o saa neorn sames. se ase oneura oernnu sa er, aere sameners canne, canne.n an emomen,emes ane curren sameners canne. auma rs cannes a croma canne, ane secon cannes ura o sana an n eemoormnen s,a omaensno reeucuerane ouerer snacenuor s samores uane saa neorn samesncues: uan aura o sames neura o aorzonaounar o a conree un ne secon canne aove samesne snec aonn em caonnmee an,oveeeura. orzo ona samouensanr.e secon cannencue rows o ornee.: . sna, an uan ann emeourmaen, oe samuraesn oe s saa neorn sames arerome resua o samesne secon econ cannencues: uaneura erecon snn aan, emeo ca remnn -een,o zeerou vraaues o. saa neorn sames arerom an one o ura o same ern sna, orere-eocn sna, an uane canneo coocasen sae secon cannencues: uaneura o samesne secon n me vaues o sames aer . uaneur aan em oo sammene,s unaen seceonur caann oe samuescnane se ccon cannencues: samesne secon canne aeorz orresonn rows o n an emomen, uanoneauoruanarne conree un. uamaensnee suecrao o sam o samesne secon cannencues: s esne secon canne mrrorn corresonn rows o .n c saonwnes a a co omreuonw enevorornzmonenaoun coaruen we co anree un. e comun envronmen canear o aa usernerace . envronmen ncues arocessn server.e comun . arocessor, a memor , an annuuu nerace env erocessor ca conros overa oeraons oe comun comrmounnmceanons, an, sumcae asroceess oner.aoensro assocae w sa,aa acuson,aao execuensruconsoerorm a or somece ossore se msannceu aeo ovnee- oer morerocessors oreover,erocessor mancue one scre meos. eweeneroces or more mouesaacaeeneracon n , a mcrosorrocesso ar,n a s onere c com monaecnsn.e, aerraocessor mae aenrarocessn e. carocessnn , ore oeraon oe ceom memuonr envrons conureo sore varouses oaao suore soware .xames o sucmaeanncu.esnes mruecmoornsor an ma anccuaeonsre ore meremnoes ornee.: . o maeraee omneem ceonmeun e unsvnron amnene o, v voeoaases,maeaa, ec.e memor comranmamonereo ae or non-voae memorevces, or a ro , suc as aacanomccessemor , anecrcarasae m,a e ae morroeara-mmnaeemeoar-nem, anrasaerorammaeea-nemor manec or , aea-nemor , a e, aasn meremacoer, a marnoec or ocas. ereranerac ves anneraceeweenerocessor an mancueu aree m nooumes,e suco, a as aomeeouaron,, a a c scar w scaene,uuons, anee.euons nerace cane coue w an enc on, an a so scanuon.e sorae meumn co amn ermsno ameunra,eres aosoer arnoveeco aer. non-ransor comuer-reaae eroces ororams,or exame,ne memor , execuae meos ansoorr sornn ae csormeamunene ernaveronmene enco,onre mreormonese aove-escre sreamoeecoe eecon meoescre ao cre aove or a ororams mae execue eroc ve.n an emomen,eura or exame,rome veo encoeresnsor. anes croemamu orna eanv srreoanmmenncuno e rneccoeve veonormaonor exame, veoocs reresenn enc e assocae one or more snax ee oe veorames, anor e comun envronmen moenesr, eorcm., ane mecao anso mee exoecueescree aorovcee ascscor n e recevesream oraa sream.n anoer exam orno execue erocessor ne comu e,eura ororams mae meoescre aoveo en n envronmen oerorme encon ve coe veonormaonor exame, veoocs reresenn ano maram aesso, ane exoerc ausseocaee one or more snax eemens, ec.no asream oraa sream, esream oraa sreamor exroacmesseo,roe vneoe coemcouern ennvron.men.ernaovrean,sme ornee.: . n sornea-mran csomor comuer-reaae sorae meum maave soreeren asream or aaa veoramesr, asnno ern acsosoeca vee oonen oorrm maonor exame, veoocs reresenn encoe exame,e veo encoern. uosrne s,onra exxa ememee,nse e ecn.coenner maeeo an encoeror or use aecoeror exame,e veoecoe escre aove non-ransor comuer-reaa rn.necon veoaa.e emor , a- , ae m saonraeec maee,u am moae,soc,r a enxa omcea, aaa so,r aaeaneovmcccess e. e ore escre aoven o arn a emosremamen,oeereescoroeve aeserceoamenerae e encon meo emomen,eresrove asr n meoescre aove.n an encon eam comrsn encoe veonormaonenerae e meoe msceroeescre aove or encoe veonormaonoeecoe eecon rocessorsorn ex a a anm eomve. e,oemerno,cesesosr asoro avnee a c noomn-ruannsorev ccoem comuerr-sn one or more meum ore memor avn soreeren au reaae sorae or morerocessors, ra ororams execuae e one rorams, are conu wreeroeneroerm onee o ar movoer-eesrocessors, uon execuon oeura onsruconsorn s aonra eem orormanesnm,sseres asocrrovee me a cooms.uerroramroucavn enerae e encon meoesocnr oe a aovsere oarm en ccoomers vneo enncoorema voneonormaon eecon meoescre aove.n an emomen,er oeecoe a comuerroramrouc comrsn aura o es asorove , execuae eroce rorams,or exame,ne memor aove-e ssor ne comun envronmen ,orerormneransorsc cromeu mere-reaoas.eo sro erxaame mee,ume. comuerroramrouc mancuee non- ornee.: . or more s,n an esm,omaen,nae coromcesusnn enevvrcoensmens maememene w one mson,ens,ors, s, conroers, mcro- ,rorammaeocevces co conroers, mcrorocessors, or oer eecronc ne arnor emmnomee an,ovee meos. comrsn sorn res asorove a meo o sorn asream, encoe veonormeaonsreeanmera oen aea en scoorane m meeuom, wescerreenesream comrsesnormaonoeecoe eecon meoe aove or encoe veo enerae en e annco emeroesmcrene, aeoreve.s ansorovscer ae m aeovoe.orransmn asream recevn asrea an emomen,eres asorove a meoor emeoscreeocno oeeereseecoerescre aove. usraon ans nscosureaseenreseneoruroses o mocaons, vara noonsn, aenne aeornaeve exmausemveen oaronms weoe aeresenscosure.an sne aravneene oeeacnsres arenoose o ornar assocaerawn eneneoreonescrons ane ness. eresenscosures sse ocncanen seaeo oeerwussrea, avne, o arner oe s seess oe meo accorno eresenscosure are nomeoe or oe meo accorno accornoracca er seccaescre aove,u mae cane eresenscosure m coaneo ans.usne a, comon,n aee oars oeneee o aceco srens oe meo accorno e exames were cosen anes oracca reuremens. scosure ano enae o cren orero exanernces oememenaons anoes uersze see unneren arrnoc uneser asnan varoeusmscoesmureeor varous varous mocaons as are sueoearcuar u naons w unersooae scoe oesc se conemae.ereore,soememenaonsscose ana moosurecaso nnos ano oeemrmeeomenea seocns acre exanmenees ooee ornee.: . ncue wne scoe oeresenscosure.

Claims

ornee.: . o.a mnen,oo ar v: ecoeoer,ec aon, comrsn: o armar sna, weren eas one seconar sna an aeas onexeer oann, eecoee ar,e oanse o onre moxree saersrane one curren same, werene one or mo a neorn sames assocae w a rmar sna ore aea re saa neorn sames arerom aeas one oe or more o saanan ne,oernesco on sameer, s aecon es asesra oer ca s saemna we an ae currnen a samease o.ne onneeroe one sna, a. reseu mae sona o, o cam, werenermar sna comrses an one o arecon er renc r a reconsruce sna, an eo.nsruce sna comrses aeas one sameroro same aave ose comrs.e meo o cam, weren ane aeas onexeeroermar sna sna c ues: omzrnsn, aeease ocnoee sar,mrse aoecreve cearssn,caooene rermsunes, wec are cacuaeor a or aeas onexeer sna. cacuan, eecoer, seconoceve casscaon resusase onermar e aea.s onee mexeo oe craome, wrmearren s onaan conmrese as:eas one seconar sna an ornee.: . sna, w oearennne m muuee secxoenarer ss anreasrane aasen on muereenxeoceevres coasseerrsm.ar a.en meeo a oea csa omne,x weerener moueermxear senraro cus arerove, an eermnn, eecoer,e aea omrses:ncae s onexeer seecn axeerrou uzeor an arsrounex, werenersrounexs sameo a seconrounex eerm anenr, eerecno ser,nae o areas onexeer seecn axeerrou unczaee arsrounex, wereersrounexserenrom a seconrounex no rre asno anseero recevenrn, sneaease on areene creron or aeas onexeer seecn axecoeerr, arourounncaexerom aen ernocuoenr,exe.ermnne nex u.zee moeroe orm caarm s,n waesrenewreonxreom ae srecornousro aurenrovexe u anze aorrs arou ern snaase on areene crer n aer werene meou on n r rer comrses: eermnnesoensersoroaue seconrounex uzeore aer ern snas, n resonseoane seexc uonzerouorneexr umarze sonra aes a or, eermnnersrounex uzeorermar sna as.er ern snas, comrse.sweo mexo oam conam sa,e wexreen oneres.errou oe muexeerrous ornee.: . meo.ureer m ceo o cam, werenermar sna comrses a resua sna, ane cn,omresese:coer,e aeas one seconar snano aeas one uae rane. -,.e, m-eo, o c,a-m,, wer,e onr-e a,eas o.ne uae rane comrses aeas one o more sa.a nee meoron o sa cmames a,ss woceareen w ane curer aeas one onneeroe one or an mue onneersoe one or moree sna saame comrses: werene mue onneers are assocae w mu neeorern s saames.es, comna.on oe m×e,o× o, or ca×m., werene mueer saes comrse anone or an reconsruc.one s meno o cam, werenermar sna comrses arecon sna or aeas one onneaerororeo ern an oanneere same ane a same one or more saa neorn sames assocae we curren sames o com ananrnses,:eecoer, ceerencease one one or more saa neorn oanne c,urrene samee an e ceerence.coer,eere same ane aeas one onneero

ornee.: . reconsruc.one s menaor oor coam, weerrenn aermar sna comrses arecon sna or aeas one o n oanneere same ane a samenneeroe one or more saa neorn sames assocae we curren sames o com ananr cnses o,: ocaee saemcoeesr, c correseonnerenoceeas oene o onr meo orene s oar maor nee saoar nneorn an ceerencease one co sames, o ocae sames ane curren same an e ceanner,ence.eecoer,eere same ane aeas one onneero oann.ee mereeo sa o cam, werenermar sna comrses a resua sna an neorn sames assmocae ane aeas one onneeroe one or more saa oann, eecoee wr, cee cu rrreesnu ssamasee c oonmrese osn: sames e or more saa neorn e c o an ea rnesnu,s.eecoer,eere same ane aeas one onneero assocae. we mee cou o cam, weren oanne one or more saa neorn sames n resonserren same comrses: samesromero conucn annraes,eermnne one or more saa neorn neornn res saomnsem esoa ro cromn suecnan or rm aara snnoam ancceess aesea,se oneerm secnonnare s onnea o.r more saa ornee.: . o.an mne,o aonr e vncoeoe erncon, comrsn: o armar sna, wer , aeas one seconar sna an aeas onexeer oann, ee enncoee ar,e oanse o onre moxreeersrane one curren same, werene one or saa neorn sames assocae w a rmar sna ore ae more saa neorn sames arerom aeas one oe or more o saanan ne,oer ea nnsco on sameer, s aecon es asesra oer ca s saemna we an ae currnen a samease o.ne onneeroe one sna, a re.suea m senoa, o o cam, werenermar sna comrses an one o arecon er renc r a reconsruce sna, an eo.nsruce sna comrses aeas one sameroro same aave ose sna com.e meo o cam, weren ane aeas onexeeroermar sna c uomzr rnses sn,: aeeas en ocnoee sar,mrse aoecreve cearssn,caooene rermsunes, we ac are cacuaeor a or eas onexeer sna. cacuan, e encoer, seconoceve casscaon resusase onermar an.e aee mase oone oxe camero, weerremnar o sannan comer asese:as one seconar sna ornee.: . sna, w oearennne m muuee secxoenarer ss anreasrane aasen on muereenxeoceevres coasseerrsm.ar a.ne mee aoe oas c oanmexe, wereerno mueremaxre snaer cormourss arerove, an eermnn, e encoer,e aeas on es: ncae arsr exeer seecn axeerrou uzeor an aerounerenx, s wereersrounexs sameo a seconrounexncaeeer amnrsn, e encoer,nae o areas onexeer seecn axeerrou uzeor an aerrouneex, wereersrounexserenrom a seconrounex senn, e encoerrn, a sronuanaseex oon a aerceoeerne creron or rou oe muexeerrous, wereerouonnexcase ae seeremcon o axeer soron omzaonrocess. nerou a rae nex u.zeeo mreeor om caram sna, wserenerewnoroxme a seecronroursou arenroeve an arsrou ern snaase on aree x uzeore aer werene meourer comners creron eermnnn resoensersoae seconrouesn:ex uzeore aer ern snas, n resonseoroaune seexc uonzerouorneexr umarze sonra as or, eermnnersrounex uzeorermar sna aes a.er ern snas, comrses.woe mxeoa omo cnam sae, wxeerene ornse.errou oe muexeerrous ornee.: . e meo.ure mere co o cam, werenermar sna comrses a resua sna, an cn,ome erncsoes:er,e aeas one seconar snano aeas one uae rane. o-,.e m,e-o, o ca,m-,, wer,e onr-e a,eas o.ne uae rane comrses aeas one more sa.a nee meoron o sa cmames as,so wcaereen w aen curre aeas one onneeroe one or an mue onneersoe one or moree sna saame comrses: werene mue onneers are assocae w mu neeorern s saames.es, comna.on oe m×e,o× o, or ca×m., werene mueer saes comrse anone or an reconsruc.one s menao o cam, werenermar sna comrses arecon sna or aeas one onneerororeo o ern an oanneere same ane a same ne or more saa neorn sames assocae we curren sames o com ananrnses e,:e encoer, ceerencease one one or more saa neorn oann c,urrene sa emne an e ceerence.coer,eere same ane aeas one onneero ornee.: . reconsruc.one s menaor oor coam, weerrenn aermar sna comrses arecon sna or aeas one on n oanneere same ane a same cneeroe one or more saa neorn sames assocae we curren sames oom ananr cnses o,: ocaee s eanmcoeesr, c correseonnerenoceeas oene o onr meo orene s oar maor nee saoar nneorn an ceerencease one co sames, o ocae sames ane curren same an e ceanner,ence.e encoer,eere same ane aeas one onneero oann.ee meereo sa o cam, werenermar sna comrses a resua sna an neorn sames assmocae ane aeas one onneeroe one or more saa oann, e encoee wr, cee cu rrreesnu ssamasee c oonmrese osn: sames e or more saa neorn e c o an ea rnesnu,s.e encoer,eere same ane aeas one onneero assocae. we mee co o cam, weren oanne one or more saa neorn sames n resonsurren same comrses: samesromeeo conucn annraes,eermnne one or more saa neorn neornn res saomnserm esoa ro cromn suecnan or rm aara snnoam ancceess aesea,se oneerm secnonnare s onnea o.r more saa orne e.: . on.e orn m aoreararuoscesosro vrse aoecon, comrsn: ex a memor coueoen one or morerocessors an conureo sorensrucons eecnusaruceons aere on ceon or muorereoroceerssoorrms, wee mreenoen on aen or o mneor oe craocmessso-rs, u.on execuon o o.n aarausor veo encon, comrsn: an mee omr mororerocessors an execuae coueoe one or morerocessors an conureo sorensrucons ensrucons aere on ceon or muorereoroceerssoorrms, wee mreenoen on aen or o mneor oe craocmesssors-, u.on execuon o n . non-ra osmruuceorns nsor comuer reaae sorae meumor sorn comuer-execuae c roceas,so wrseon eexreocurmee m oeneo orn m aonre o cnoem ou cearmrsoce-sso.rs, causee one or more nsrucon.s nao,n- wraenns eoxre comuer reaae sorae meumor sorn comuer-execuae comuerrocessorsoerocurmee m oeneo orn m aonre o cnoem ou cearmrsoces-sor.s, causee one or more ecoe. e n mone-raonsno arn c oom caumers-re-aa.e sorae meumor sorn a sreamoe e me.o nonn a-nran os coram cosm-uer.-reaae sorae meumor sorn a sreamenerae ornee.: . oan mne,o aore vcoeeor, aecourna, co om srasan: same, wereneura o saa neorn neorn sames assocae w a curren sna, a resua sna, are-same aav sames arerom an one o arecon o samesroro ern, or are-ee ooscen sna cern sna comrsn aura roro omrsn aura o sames saa oe neaoncnn or,n saemeecoseor, r aeuucreane oueerrn sanceu soarm soersn ueanuraeura o neorn sam o saa ane o curarennn sa,es a me.enecoer, aere same,ase oneura oernnu sames uan.eeu mraeo o o s caaam ne, woerrenn o samanenso reeuucreane oueerr snacenuor s samoes ura o saa neorn sames comr rne uan aura ouma sames aosvees: aura o croma sames aoveeorzona aoournzoanra.ounar o a conree un, an u .e meo o cam, wereneura ouma sames comrse rows o omuna saarm.es aoveeorzonaounar an rows o croma sames aoveeorzona e res.e meo o cam, wereneura o saa neorn sames arerom uua ua s anna, ne an euurraa o ouummaa s saammeess a anneeuurraa o o c crroommaa s saammeess coom zerors veas:ues. orne e.: . an one. e meo o cam , wereneura o saa ne orn sames arerom u oaenreecounra sn oa,umear se- ern sna, orere-eocn sna, an uan eura ouma saammeess an aneeuruara o croma sames comrses: vaues o sames aer . o cromao coocae same ura o. creom mae so o cam , weren uan eura ouma sames an e uca una conrreseam onurnaes c row oom s oumrs uae m ssa: am sames aen eura o croma sames resecve wereno corresonn rows ousm a nan corresonn rows o croma sames, sames are a eorzonaounarne co sarmee uens a.n corresonn rows o croma ura o. creom mae so o cam , weren uan eura ouma sames an e mrrorn u caorrnesoeam nnuraes c rows oom ouumrs mae a ssa: smameses an an ceorreusraon on c rorwomsa o sa cmromesa s resecve sames w areer aen oroeow correesoornzonna rowosun oarumna saem coesn anree c uonrre.sonn rowasm oe cs,roma same o. na an m rne s,o ca aor nneec v ,oe weore,r aeco enuran, c eu oom ra sars oan n: seaao nren samornes s aasmsocease are wn a a c suecrroenn canne anrom an one o arecon sna, a resua sna, are-same aave ose ornee.: . sna comerrnsn s anau cormrsn aura o samesroro ern, or are-eocn oann,ea o samesroroeocn saa neorn sameecoer, aura oernnu sames uaneura o neorn sames aso reuceneuer saceor sorneura o saa ern onaunn sam, n es aenecoe ceur,rr aen searme seamneenrse carnsne c.anne,ase oneura o cannes. auem mae caonn oe. cam, wereners cannes a croma canne, ane secon uan.eeu mraeo o o s caaam ne, woerrenn o samanenso reeuucreane oueerr snacnu sames ura o saa neorn eor sorne uan aura o sames comrses: conree un. samesne secon canne aove aorzonaounar o a comrse. rowes m oe saom oes cname sec,on w cereannnee aovuerae oorz soanmaesounnare. secon canne e resua. sen maeo o cam, wereneura o saa neorn sames arerom u uaan, ne an euurraa o o s saammeessnnee s seeccoonn c caannnnee coom zerros veas:ues. ornee.: . an one o.ee mreecoon o s canam,e, wree-reneerura o saa neorn sames arerom uan n sna, orere-eocn sna, an uaneeuurraa o o sa smamesesnne seec son canne comrses: sames aer . econ canneo coocae same vaues o canne.e meo o cam, weren uaneura o samesne secon o sam u com esannrses: e seeconura can one sa ameesonrzoen seaconoun caarnnene cuocnanree c uonrre.sonn rows canne co.me meo o cam, weren uaneura o samesne secon o sam uesannrses: e seeconura cann oe s aam oreseonwee secoornzon caannoeunar mrnrorne co cornresroene unn. rows . meoor veo encon, comrsn curr oann, an encoer, aura o sa:a neorn sames assocae w a reenco same, wereneura o saa neorn sames arerom an one o a auran sna, a resua sna, are-same aave ose ern sna comrsn samesr oor saomesroro ern, or are-eocn sna comrsn aura o saa o neannor,eoce enncoer, aura oernnu sames uaneura o neorn samnes s aanmeso reuceneuer saceor sorneura o saa ornee.: . ane o curarennn sa,me.e encoer, aere same,ase oneura oernnu sames uan.eeu mraeo o o s caaam ne, woerrenn o samanenso reeuucreane oueerr snanu sames ura o saa neorn s ceor sorne uan aura oumamaes comrses: aura o croma sames aove sameeosr azoonvae aoournzoanra.ounar o a conree un, an uma sam.ese a moveeoe oor czaomna,o wunearern ane rura ouma sames comrse rows o ounar. ows o croma sames aoveeorzona e resua. sen meo o cam, wereneura o saa neorn sames arerom u uaana, ne an euurraa o ouummaa s saammeess a anneeuurraa o o c crroommaa s saammeess coom zerors veas:ues. an one o.ee mreecoon o s canam,, wereneura o saa neorn sames arerom uaneura oumear sea-mes aern sna, orere-eocn sna, an uaneura ouma samesn aneeuruar o croma sames comrses: vaues o sames aer . a o cromao coocae same ura o. creom mae saom oes c coammrse,s: weren uaneura ouma sames ane ornee.: . uca una coneura ouma sames aneura o croma sames resecve werernresoon con rows ouma sames an corresonn rows o croma sames, sames are aeorzornreasoonunnar rowns oe coumna sarmee uens a.n corresonn rows o croma ura.e meo o cam, weren uaneura ouma sames ane mrrorn u o ca c orrnroma esoe sam nnuraes c rows oom ouumrs mae a ssa: smameses an an ceorreusraon on c rorwomsa o sa cmromesa s resecve ames w areer aen oroeow correesoornzonna rowosun oarum ames, s na saem coesn anree c uonrre.sonn rows o croma . meoor veo encon, comr curren o samanen, an encoer, aura os sna:a neorn sames assocae w a secon canne ann arorsm c ananne, wereneura o saa neorn sames aren a ose ern sna c oonme ors anre acuroan sna, a resua sna, are-same aave eocn sna o samesroro ern, or are- oann comrsn aura o samesroroeocn saa neor,n saem enecoseor, r aeuucreane oueernnu sames uaneura o neorn sam r saceor sorneura o saa ern onaunn sam,es an es aen encoe ceur,rr aen searme seamneenrse carnsne c.anne,ase oneura o cannes. auem mae caonn oe. cam, wereners cannes a croma canne, ane secon ornee.: . uan.eeu mraeo o o s caaam ne, woerrenn o samanenso reeuucreane oueerr snacenuor s samoes ura o saa neorn sames rne uan aura o sames comrses: conree un. ne secon canne aove aorzonaounar o a comrse. rowes m oe saom oes cname sec,on w cereannnee aovuerae oorz soanmaesounnare. secon canne e resua.e meo o cam, wereneura o saa neorn sames arerom u ua s anna, ne an euurraa o o s saammeessnnee s seeccoonn c caannnnee coom zerros veas:ues. an one o.ee mreeco o cam, wereneura o saa neorn sames arerom uaneounra sn oa,ere- ern sna, orere-eocn sna, an uaneura o sa smamesesnne seec seon canne comrses: sames aer . con canneo coocae same vaues o canne.e meo o cam, weren uaneura o samesne secon u comrses: o samesanne seeconura can one sa ameesonrzoen seaconoun caarnnene cuocnanree c uonrre.sonn rows orne e.: . canne c. e meo o cam , weren uan eura o samesne secon o sam uom esannrses: e seeconura cann oe s aam oreseonwee secoornzon caannoeunar mrnrorne co cornresroene unn. rows o.n aarausor veoecon, comrsn: an mee omr mororerocessors an execuae e o cnoeu ore moroereoc oensseor osr, w moererenrocees osnoers or an mo creonrocuersesorso, u soorensrucons ensrucons are conureoerorme meon an one o cams -.n execuon o on.e orn m aoreararuosor veo encon, comrsn: a mem cessors an execuae ore o cnoeu ore moroereoc oensseor osr, w moererenrocees osnoers or an mo creonrocuersesorso, sorensrucons ensrucons are conureoerorme meon an one o cams - u.on execuon o on.e orn m aorearausor veoecon, comrsn: a m rocessors an execuaeemore o cnoeu ore moroereoc oensseor osr, w moererenrocees osnoers or an mo creonrocuersesoro sorensrucons ensrucons are conureoerorme meon an one o camss-, u.on execuon o on.e orn m aoreararuoscesosro vrse aon encon, comrsn: orne e.: . execua ae memore o cnoeu ore moroereoc oensseor osr, w moererenrocees osnoers or an mo creonrocuersesorso sorensrucons ensrucons are conureoerorme meon an one o cams -, u.on execuon o nsruco. non-ransor comuer reaae sorae meumor sorn comuer-execuae comuernsroceas,so wrseon eexreocurmee m oeneo orn m aonre o cnoem ou cearmrsoces-sor.s, causee one or more nsrucon.s nao,n- wraenns eoxrec cuo memuer e m oen reea o oae sorae meumor sorn comuer-execuae comuerrocessorsoeror rn m aonre o cnoem ou cearmrsoces-sor.s, causee one or more ecoe. e n mone-raonsno arn c oom caumers-rea-a.e sorae meumor sorn a sreamoe e me.o nonn a-nran os coram cosm-uer.-reaae sorae meumor sorn a sreamenerae nsrucon.s noan,- wranesno erxec cuomeuer o rneea oare sorae meumor sorn comuer-execuae comuerrocessorsoerorme meon m aonre o cnoem ou cearmrsoces-sor.s, causee one or more nsrucon.s nao,n- wraenns eoxrec cuoemuer on reea oar meo sreor caome mueerumrocoerss soorn comuer-execuae comuerrocessorsoerorme meon an one o cams -r.s, causee one or more ornee.: .ecoe.e n mone-raonsno arn c oom caumers-rea-a.e sorae meumor sorn asreamoe e me.o nonn a-nran os coram cosm-uer.-reaae sorae meumor sorn asreamenerae