EP4619247A1 - Document de sécurité comprenant un motif de sous-pixels - Google Patents
Document de sécurité comprenant un motif de sous-pixelsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4619247A1 EP4619247A1 EP23790620.1A EP23790620A EP4619247A1 EP 4619247 A1 EP4619247 A1 EP 4619247A1 EP 23790620 A EP23790620 A EP 23790620A EP 4619247 A1 EP4619247 A1 EP 4619247A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- graphic code
- sub
- color
- pixels
- pattern
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/305—Associated digital information
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/324—Reliefs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/346—Perforations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/41—Marking using electromagnetic radiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/43—Marking by removal of material
- B42D25/435—Marking by removal of material using electromagnetic radiation, e.g. laser
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
- G06K19/06037—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking multi-dimensional coding
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
- G06K19/06046—Constructional details
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
- G06K19/06046—Constructional details
- G06K19/06084—Constructional details the marking being based on nanoparticles or microbeads
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
- G06K19/06046—Constructional details
- G06K19/06093—Constructional details the marking being constructed out of a plurality of similar markings, e.g. a plurality of barcodes randomly oriented on an object
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
- G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
- G06K19/06009—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code with optically detectable marking
- G06K19/06046—Constructional details
- G06K19/0614—Constructional details the marking being selective to wavelength, e.g. color barcode or barcodes only visible under UV or IR
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of graphic codes in which information can be encoded and which can be observed in security documents.
- (one-dimensional) barcodes are graphic codes in the form of a series of bars and spaces whose respective thickness varies depending on the data which is coded.
- a barcode is formed on a support, generally by a printing process, and allows information to be encoded in a relatively compact manner.
- Barcodes are intended to be read by a barcode reader with an optical sensor. Data encoded in a barcode can thus be acquired automatically using a barcode reader.
- a two-dimensional barcode is a graphic code or pictogram, made up of small squares and white areas. It is a two-dimensional format of the one-dimensional barcode, thus allowing a greater concentration of information in a given space.
- the content of a 2D barcode sometimes also called a “QR code” (for “Quick Response Code” in English, or “QR code”), is quickly readable by means of a suitable barcode reader.
- barcodes and other equivalent pictograms are 2D graphic codes, that is to say graphic codes formed on a 2-dimensional support and configured to encode or represent a more or less significant quantity of information .
- QR code 2D barcodes
- the 2D barcode is advantageous in that it can be
- SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) automatically recognized by an application running on a terminal (smartphone type mobile phone, tablet, webcam, etc.) equipped with a camera.
- barcodes and more generally 2D graphic codes
- 2D graphic codes can in particular be affixed in various forms to official documents, such as identity documents for example (identity cards, passports, etc.), in order to enable their authentication in a secure manner.
- traditional 2D graphics code does not provide sufficient capacity to store all the necessary information. For example, when it comes to storing the biometric fingerprint of the portrait appearing on an identity document, the surface area required for a 2D barcode becomes prohibitive in relation to the available surface area of the document and the other information that must also be included. on the document.
- an image of a face can only be stored in 2D graphics code occupying an area of one square inch by being compressed to a level that makes it impossible to use the image to positively identify a person. (file size of the order of 1 kilobyte).
- An image of acceptable quality for example stored in a 3 kilobyte file, would occupy for example with graphic codes of the prior art (in black and white, for example) a surface area of the order of 3 square inches, this which is not acceptable for identity documents with dimensions restricted for example by the ISO 7810 standard.
- the invention proposes a security document comprising: a basic pattern of a graphic code comprising graphic code elements each comprising one or more sub-pixels, each sub-pixel being capable of producing a diffractive effect of its own color to the sub-pixel when the sub-pixel is observed from a given observation position and for a given lighting, a positioning mark of the graphic code comprising a region capable of producing a diffractive effect of a color specific to the region when it is observed from the same given position and for the given lighting (the region can have, in a simpler embodiment to achieve, the same diffractive properties as at least one of the sub-pixels, or diffractive properties different in a more complex embodiment to achieve).
- the given observation position is for example the same for all the sub-pixels of the basic pattern.
- This observation position may be an area in space in which the colors observed are substantially constant and expected. It is here accompanied by a for a given lighting.
- the given position is a position relative to that of the document, and this is also the case for the given lighting.
- the given position is substantially constant in the reference frame of the document (so that the colored effect is substantially constant for the given lighting).
- This given position is associated with a given lighting, for example ambient lighting of a given value or the flash of a smartphone (for example the given lighting can be a position of a light source relative to the position of the document, a light intensity, a shape of the light beam, etc.).
- a given lighting for example ambient lighting of a given value or the flash of a smartphone (for example the given lighting can be a position of a light source relative to the position of the document, a light intensity, a shape of the light beam, etc.).
- subpixels which produce diffractive effects in security documents.
- These sub-pixels can include a reflective metallic region with a diffractive texturing chosen so that the color specific to the sub-pixel is observed, and they can be arranged above an opaque layer, for example an opaque layer with a black appearance. .
- Obtaining these texturings can use particularly precise techniques so that there is no discernible dispersion between texturings of documents intended to be identical but manufactured in different batches.
- a base die which acts as a mold to stamp the diffractive texturing of any documents to be used. This base matrix may have been fabricated using techniques from the field of microelectronics, laser ablation, and electroplating.
- the subpixels can be similar to those described in document FR 3 093 302 or even similar to those of document FR 3 103 736.
- the graphic code can be of the barcode type or even two-dimensional (for example a “QR code”).
- the graphics code base presents a basis from which different graphics codes can be formed in which different data is encoded.
- the use of diffractive subpixels makes it possible to use the color of the subpixels as coding information. This makes it possible to increase the density of data stored per unit area, for example by using several colors.
- the code element may be a bar (analogous to what is used for a barcode).
- the code element can then be a unit square (similar to what is used for a “QR Code”).
- the positioning mark includes a region which produces a diffractive effect, and which can therefore be of the same nature as one of the sub-pixels described above or even different. This region can be manufactured simultaneously with the subpixels of the code elements. They therefore have the same stability in terms of color as the subpixels of the code elements. We may use a positioning mark having a given shape to allow automatic detection of the positioning mark.
- the color specific to the region of the positioning mark will be expected (we can call it expected color, that is to say a pre-recorded color or the combination of several pre-recorded colors) to indicate that the document is observed at the given observation position under a given lighting. And, if the positioning mark is indeed detected with the expected color in the region, this means that all the code elements of the basic graphic code pattern are observed at the given observation position, and that they will produce the colors that are specific to each sub-pixel in the graphic code elements.
- the positioning marks can be on the periphery of the code, for example in 3 or 4 of the 4 corners of the code if it has a square/rectangular shape.
- the use of subpixels producing a diffractive effect is also advantageous in that it makes the fraudulent reproduction of a security document particularly difficult. Indeed, it is important for security that a fraudster cannot easily produce a duplicate of an authentic identity document.
- the basic code pattern described here can be a container of trusted data like the chip is today and as such, many controls can not be trusted. be only on the reading of this code (or more precisely the graphic code), as is the case for the chip, and it is therefore very advantageous that this code cannot be easily cloned.
- the region of the positioning mark is capable of producing a diffractive effect of the same color as a sub-pixel of the basic graphic code pattern from the same given observation position.
- This embodiment facilitates the determination of the component associated with this color for the code element, since the positioning mark also makes this color appear.
- this embodiment makes it possible to implement a calibration for reading the colors in the code elements.
- This embodiment is also more simple to make than a variation in which we would use another color in this region.
- the document comprises one or more perforations of one or more sub-pixels of a graphic code element so that the graphic code element is capable of producing a diffractive effect of a color specific to the graphic code element when the graphic code element is observed from the given observation position, the color specific to the graphic code element resulting from the diffractive effects of the sub-pixels of the graphic code element and the presence of one or more perforations.
- perforations can be total (they entirely replace a sub-pixel) or partial (a portion of the surface of a sub-pixel is perforated).
- Those skilled in the art are familiar with diffractive layers and thin metallic reflective layers which are easily perforable, for example by applying a laser beam to a reflective layer of vacuum-deposited aluminum.
- a perforation affects the color that is observed for a code element.
- the colors of each of the sub-pixels of a code element can mix, integrate within the sensor of a camera used for reading, to only one color or hue is observed for the code element.
- this mixing results not only from the size of the subpixels but also from the resolution of the devices that are used to view the documents (e.g. cameras).
- the sub-pixels of the code can be dimensioned so that for a camera having a given resolution, a camera pixel encompasses at least two sub-pixels of the security document (preferably, the sub-pixels all have the same size).
- a code element comprises several pixels each comprising a given number of sub-pixels
- the sub-pixels can be dimensioned so that a camera pixel encompasses at least two pixels of the security document (this will be the case for pixels with red-green-blue subpixels).
- data is encoded in the graphic code formed by the basic pattern of the graphic code comprising one or more perforations, the coding of the data taking into account the color specific to each element of graphic code.
- the coding may use an alphabet system that associates data symbols (e.g. binary strings) with colors.
- Correspondence tables can be used, or even coding functions which deliver colors for data.
- the colors are further associated with perforations, i.e. sizes and positions of perforations, so that a desired color is observed for a code element.
- the pattern comprises another basic pattern of a graphic code, the other basic pattern of a graphic code comprising graphic code elements each comprising one or more sub-pixels, each sub-pixel pixel being able to produce a diffractive effect of a color specific to the sub-pixel when the sub-pixel is observed from another given observation position which differs from the given observation position (the lighting can be the same, the given lighting (in particular if it is ambient lighting), or another), another positioning mark of the graphic code comprising a region capable of producing a diffractive effect of a color specific to the region when observed from the other given position, the document further comprising an array of lenses arranged so that in the given observation position, the light is focused on the sub-pixels of the basic graphic code pattern, and in the other given observation position, the light is focused on the sub-pixels of the other basic graphic code pattern (or on the sub-pixels of the graphic codes if perforations have been formed) said basic pattern of graphic code and the other basic pattern of graphic code being interleaved.
- the sub-pixels of the basic graphic code pattern and the sub-pixels of the other basic graphic code pattern capable of producing a diffractive effect of the same color are arranged along parallel lines wherein the subpixels of the basic graphics code pattern and the subpixels of the other basic graphics code pattern alternate, and wherein the lens array includes lenses extending in a direction perpendicular to those of the subpixel lines.
- the lenses form for example a lenticular network.
- a rotation of the device can cause the lenses to focus on sub-pixels of the same type (same effect color) but belonging to one or the other of the patterns. If graphic codes are formed, different codes can be observed by varying an observation angle.
- the surface of the region of the positioning mark is larger than the surface of each pixel of the basic graphic code pattern, for example 10 times larger.
- This particular embodiment facilitates the detection of the color of the region of the positioning mark, which can be used both to know the position of the graphic code elements but also to calibrate the detection of the colors of the code elements.
- the document is necessarily observed from the given observation position. Therefore, the sub-pixels which are of the same color as the region, if there are any, produce the same color by diffractive effect and their contribution in the code elements is assessed, for example measured, precisely. In fact, this makes it easier to calibrate the reading.
- the positioning mark of the graphic code comprises several regions, each region being capable of producing a diffractive effect of a color specific to the region when observed from the same given position (POS), the colors of the diffractive effects of each region being different and forming a color base.
- POS given position
- This particular embodiment is very advantageous because it makes it possible to implement a calibration of a device which will read the graphic code and decode the information taking into account the colors.
- pixels producing the same color as these regions in the basic graphics code pattern there may be pixels producing the same color as these regions in the basic graphics code pattern.
- the color base may be a red-green-blue base, or a cyan-yellow magenta base.
- the sub-pixels of the basic pattern of the graphic code can also be (all) sub-pixels according to a color base (preferably the same as that of the positioning mark).
- a color base preferably the same as that of the positioning mark.
- each region of the positioning mark is capable of producing a diffractive effect of the same color as a sub-pixel of the basic graphic code pattern from the same given observation position.
- this embodiment is an embodiment in which once the colors expected for the regions observed, for example by a camera, then subpixels will produce the diffractive effects of the same colors. This means that during reading (on an image acquired by the camera), we will be able to precisely measure the colorimetric contribution of each sub-pixel in the graphic code elements. For example, we obtain exactly the blue component, the green component, and the red component for each element of graphic code once we have observed red, green, and blue in a positioning mark: this makes it correct reading the code that may follow.
- the invention also proposes a method of manufacturing a security document, in which a basic pattern of a graphic code is formed comprising graphic code elements each comprising one or more sub-pixels, each sub-pixel being capable of to produce a diffractive effect of a color specific to the sub-pixel when the sub-pixel is observed from a given observation position and for a given lighting, a positioning mark of the graphic code is formed comprising a region capable of producing a diffractive effect of a color specific to the region when observed from the same given position (POS) and for the given lighting.
- This process can be adapted to produce documents according to all the embodiments described above.
- the formation of the sub-pixels of the basic pattern and the sub-pixels of the positioning mark can be simultaneous, for example carried out during the same step of forming a diffractive layer applied to a reflective layer (for example metallic, for example in aluminum) using a single mold defining texturing for each sub-pixel.
- This diffractive layer can be assembled with other layers to form the security document, for example by lamination.
- one or more sub-pixels of a graphic code element are perforated so that the graphic code element is capable of producing a diffractive effect of a color specific to the graphic element.
- graphic code when the graphic code element is observed from the given observation position, the color specific to the graphic code element resulting from the diffractive effects of the sub-pixels of the graphic code element and the presence of the one or more perforations.
- the method comprises a prior obtaining of data, and a coding of the data obtained delivering at least the positions of one or more perforations prior to their perforations, so that the data is coded in the graphic code formed by the basic pattern of the graphic code comprising the one or more perforations, the coding of the data taking into account the color specific to each graphic code element.
- another basic pattern of a graphic code is formed, the other basic pattern of a graphic code comprising graphic code elements each comprising one or more sub-pixels, each sub-pixel -pixel being capable of producing a diffractive effect of a color specific to the sub-pixel when the sub-pixel is observed from another given observation position which differs from the given observation position, and another is formed positioning mark of the graphic code comprising a region capable of producing a diffractive effect of a color specific to the region when observed from the other given position, the method further comprising forming an array of lenses arranged so that in the given observation position, the light is focused on the sub-pixels of the basic graphic code pattern, and in the other position of given observation, the light is focused on the subpixels of the other graphic code base pattern said graphic code base pattern and the other graphic code base pattern being interleaved.
- the sub-pixels of the basic graphic code pattern and the sub-pixels of the other basic graphic code pattern capable of producing a diffractive effect of the same color are arranged according to parallel lines in which the sub-pixels of the graphics code base pattern and the sub-pixels of the other graphics code base pattern alternate, and in which the lens array includes lenses extending in one direction perpendicular to those of the subpixel lines.
- the invention also proposes a method for reading information coded by a document as defined above, in which we observe the document at the given observation position, we detect the positioning mark, and we decode the information taking into account the colors observed in graphic code elements.
- This method can be implemented automatically, for example by means of a camera which observes the document and a computer system which can, on an image acquired during observation of the document, detect the positioning mark. This computer system can further decode the information.
- the detection of the positioning mark comprises the detection of at least the shape of the positioning mark (this detection can deliver its position in an image acquired of the document during observation). Detection can also be carried out by detecting one or more colors expected for the positioning mark.
- the detection of the positioning mark may include the detection of the diffractive effect of the region with the expected color, which indicates that the document is observed at the given observation position and that the sub -pixel code elements will produce the correct diffractive effect at the correct color.
- the image in which a region of the mark positioning has an expected color for example the color specific to the visible region in the given observation position
- the positioning marks include several regions whose colors form a color base, and possibly when there are sub-pixels which produce diffractive effects to the colors of the color base, then the detection of the expected colors of each region makes it possible to ensure that for each element of graphic code, the component of each color of the base is correctly measured.
- a three-region positioning mark is used, and once the mark is detected with these red-green-blue colors, the red-green-blue components of each graphic code element are correct and allow the graphic code to be read.
- the method comprises the detection of at least one image of the image sequence in a region of the positioning mark with a color other than the expected color, to deduce an authentication of the document .
- the positioning mark can be detected from its shape and a color can be observed there which is not the expected color. This means that different viewing angles cause color variations, and that the document does contain diffractive elements (it is not a printed copy with the expected colors).
- the method of this mode of implementation not only allows the reliable reading of a large quantity of data coded in a small area, but also ensures that it is neither a copy nor a 'a fake created from scratch.
- the document is a document as defined above in which information is coded and in which the positioning mark comprises several regions, the method comprising a calibration phase in which account is taken of the observed colors of the regions of the positioning mark.
- the invention also proposes a system for reading information coded by a document as defined above, comprising a module for observing the document at the given observation position (typically a camera), a module for detecting the positioning mark (detection of its position, its shape, and possibly its color(s), and a module for decoding the information taking into account the colors observed in graphic code elements (typically a computer system).
- a module for observing the document at the given observation position typically a camera
- detecting the positioning mark detection of its position, its shape, and possibly its color(s)
- a module for decoding the information taking into account the colors observed in graphic code elements
- the system is configured (for example the computer system of the system) to obtain a sequence of images of the document presented from different observation angles, and to select, in the sequence of images obtained, the 'image in which a region of the positioning mark has an expected color (for example the color specific to the region visible in the given observation position), the selected image being an image in which the document is observed at the position given observation.
- the system is configured (for example the computer system of the system) to obtain a sequence of images of the document presented from different observation angles, and to select, in the sequence of images obtained, the 'image in which a region of the positioning mark has an expected color (for example the color specific to the region visible in the given observation position), the selected image being an image in which the document is observed at the position given observation.
- the system is configured to detect at least one image of the image sequence in a region of the positioning mark with a color other than the expected color, to deduce an authentication of the document.
- Figure 1 is a front view of a document, according to an example
- Figure 2 is a sectional view of the document of Figure 1
- FIG. 3 shows in more detail the basic graphic code pattern of the document in Figure 1,
- Figure 4 is a front view of the document of Figure 1 after personalization, for example perforation,
- Figure 5 is a sectional view of the document of Figure 4,
- FIG. 6 shows in more detail the graphic code of the document in Figure 4,
- Figure 7 shows a system for reading a document according to an example
- Figure 8 shows the same colored graphic code from different angles.
- Figure 9 shows the interweaving of two graphic codes.
- Figure 10 still shows the sub-pixels of the graphic codes of Figure 9.
- security documents comprising basic patterns of graphic codes formed by diffractive subpixels, and also security documents comprising graphic codes which encode information.
- the security documents described in this description may be user-specific documents.
- these documents can be identity documents such as passport, identity card, driving license, etc.
- FIG. 1 there is shown in front view a security document 100 comprising a basic pattern of a graphic code 101.
- This graphic code base is here a structure which will subsequently make it possible to obtain a graphic code having a structure similar to that of known graphic codes except in that the graphic code elements will be colored (there are not only two possible shades as is the case with black and white graphic codes).
- the basic pattern includes graphic code elements 101A which will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 2 and 3, with their structure comprising sub-pixels.
- These graphic code elements are arranged like the unit squares of a “QR code” (registered trademark), although their internal structure differs from those of a “QR code”.
- QR code registered trademark
- the invention is in no way limited to codes having an arrangement similar to a “QR code” and applies for example to all graphic codes which include code elements usually taking an appearance in two shades (one light and one dark, for example).
- positioning marks of the graphic code 102 which also include sub-pixels which will be described in more detail with reference to Figures 2 and 3. These positioning marks are advantageously placed in place of those used to detect and position the code elements of a “QR code”.
- the basic graphic code patterns (or graphic codes) referred to here are accompanied by positioning marks visible on the same side of the document as the basic graphic code patterns (or graphic codes) .
- the document 101 also includes printed information 103.
- Figure 2 is a sectional view of the security document 100 of Figure 1, along the axis I-I' visible in Figure 1.
- code elements 101A which each include three sub-pixels. All code elements 101A are identical here and include:
- Each of these sub-pixels is capable of producing a diffractive effect of the color which gave its name to the sub-pixel when the sub-pixel is observed from a given observation position under a given lighting. From then on, it appears that we have for each graphic code element a color base (here red-green-blue) from which we can form different colors.
- the sub-pixels are preferably formed above an opaque layer CO, preferably black, and similar to the opaque layer described in French patent application FR 3103736, the content of which is incorporated by reference into the present application.
- the subpixels can have a structure similar to that described in French patent application FR 3103736.
- the sub-pixels can include several layers, a reflective layer, and a support layer, like the sub-pixels described in document FR 3103736.
- a code element can include a higher number of sub-pixels, for example several groups of three red-green-blue sub-pixels. For reasons of simplicity, we only represent three subpixels here.
- the sub-pixels may have been formed from a layer textured to be diffractive and a reflective layer (e.g. metallic) to increase the intensity of the colored diffractive effect on top of an opaque layer, e.g. black .
- a reflective layer e.g. metallic
- the diffractive layer has been textured to form the sub-pixels and can be assembled into layers of the document 100, here an upper layer 104 which can be transparent so that the sub-pixels can be observed, and a lower layer 105.
- the layers 104 and 105 may be made of polymers, for example polycarbonate.
- each positioning mark 102 includes three regions:
- the blue region 102B is a square shape, around this region the green region 102G is arranged, and around the green region the red region 102R is arranged.
- the regions each include a textured surface having the same structure as the sub-pixels of a graphic code element 102 described above. Each region is capable of producing a diffractive effect of the color which gave its name to the region when observed from a given observation position.
- shape of the positioning marks allows their detection, in a manner similar to what is implemented for a “QR code”, and here it is also possible to take into account the red-green-blue colors. which will appear. Also, it appears that the detection of the three colors of the positioning mark makes it possible to determine that we are indeed at the given observation position. It is when we can detect red, green and blue in a pattern having the shape of the positioning mark that we are in the presence of at least one base of graphic code observed at the given position (or even a graphics code).
- Figure 4 shows the document 100 of Figures 1 to 3 after perforations have been formed in the basic pattern 101 and more precisely in the red, green, and blue subpixels of the basic pattern.
- the code elements of the base pattern appear, when viewed at the given position, with a color that depends on the perforations.
- Perforations 110 which have been formed in the basic pattern.
- Perforations can replace a subpixel entirely, as is the case for the graphics code element on the left in the figure where the red and green subpixels have been fully perforated (the code element has an observed color of blue ).
- the perforations can be partial, as can be seen for the rightmost code element in the figure where the red subpixel has a perforation that has destroyed half of the subpixel (the code element has a color observed purple, the green having been destroyed).
- the perforations can be made by applying a laser beam whose energy will destroy at least the reflective layer and also the diffractive textures.
- the perforated parts appear black and do not contribute to the observed hue/color.
- each document may include information encoded in the graphic code which is specific to the user of the document (typically the bearer of the document), for example biometric information such as an image of the user's face.
- Figure 6 shows the resulting graphic code in more detail. Although perforations have been formed, they may not be visible depending on the resolution used to read the graphics code. In fact, observing the graphics code may only detect a uniform color for each graphics code element. This further results from the dimensions of the subpixels.
- Figure 7 shows a system 200 for reading information coded by the document 100 described above.
- the system 200 has a computer system structure and includes a processor 201.
- the system also includes a module 202 for observing the document at the given observation position (represented here by a POS ellipse).
- This module can be a digital camera, equipped or not with its lighting means.
- the system may include means (not shown) for placing the document 100 in a chosen location and linked to the position of the module 202 (typically a document support) and also equipped or not with lighting means.
- a non-volatile memory 203 has also been installed, which may include computer program instructions which, when executed by the processor 201, form the following two modules: a mark detection module positioning (visible on an image of the document acquired by the module 202), and a module for decoding the information taking into account the colors observed in graphic code elements (also visible on an image of the document acquired by module 202).
- a mark detection module positioning visible on an image of the document acquired by the module 202
- a module for decoding the information taking into account the colors observed in graphic code elements (also visible on an image of the document acquired by module 202).
- the camera records a sequence of images (video) of the document presented from different observation angles
- the computer program is adapted to select, in the sequence of acquired images, the image in which a region of the positioning mark has an expected color (for example the color specific to the visible region in the given observation position).
- positioning marks having regions forming a color base makes it possible to implement a calibration phase in which the colors observed in the regions of the positioning mark are taken into account. This calibration can then be used for decoding the graphic code.
- a camera pixel encompasses two pixels (therefore six sub-pixels).
- the subpixels are smaller than X/6 or even X/9.
- the minimum parameters are:
- the parameters for good noise resistance are:
- the middle and right graphics code have positioning marks that do not have the correct regions in the expected colors.
- the colors of all code elements are also different from those expected. For example, in the middle, we can obtain a blue tint on all the code elements, and on the right, a red tint on all the code elements: this leads to an impossibility of reading the graphic code outside the position of observation given. We see, however, that this color variation property is fundamental for the authentication of the code independently of its reading.
- At least one image of the image sequence is detected in a region of the positioning mark having a color other than the expected color, to deduce an authentication of the document (the document is considered valid, issued by an authority such as a state).
- the positioning mark can be detected from its shape (here the shape of its three regions) and we can observe a color there which is not the expected color. This means that different viewing angles cause color variations, and that the document does contain diffractive elements (it is not a printed copy with the expected colors).
- the two basic graphics code patterns are intertwined.
- the code elements 101A' of the first code are arranged in columns C' which are separated by columns C" in which the code elements 101A" of the second basic graphic code pattern are arranged.
- the sub-pixels of the basic graphic code pattern (in the columns O') and the sub-pixels of the other basic graphic code pattern (in the columns C") capable of producing a diffractive effect d the same color are arranged along parallel lines in which the sub-pixels of the basic graphic code pattern and the sub-pixels of the other basic graphic code pattern alternate. These lines are referenced LR (lines of). red subpixels), LV (green subpixel lines), and LB (blue subpixel lines.
- the invention is not limited to these arrangements, other interweavings being possible.
- Code element 101A' is similar to code element 101A described above but it is observed so that only one sub-pixel is seen on the cutting plane J-J'.
- Code element 101A" is analogous to code element 101A described above.
- the given observation position POS' shown in the figure is associated with the graphic code element 101A' and the given observation position POS" shown in the figure is associated with the graphic code element 101A".
- a lens 120 included in an array of lenses was implemented.
- the lens 120 is associated with the two graphic code elements 101A' and 101A" visible in the figure and extends as illustrated in Figure 9.
- the light is focused on the sub-pixels of the element of code graphic 101A' at position POS' and it is focused on the sub-pixels of graphic code element 101A" at position POS".
- each basic graphic code pattern can have its own positioning mark.
- a simple embodiment to achieve is that in which lines of sub-pixels, for example RGB, are arranged in a first direction and in which the cylindrical lenses are oriented in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. It is thus easy to obtain constant diffracted colors while rotating the lens array around an axis parallel to the second direction. Positioning marks may be common.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2211870A FR3141884B1 (fr) | 2022-11-15 | 2022-11-15 | Document de sécurité comprenant un motif de sous-pixels diffractifs formant un code graphique |
| PCT/EP2023/078681 WO2024104674A1 (fr) | 2022-11-15 | 2023-10-16 | Document de sécurité comprenant un motif de sous-pixels |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4619247A1 true EP4619247A1 (fr) | 2025-09-24 |
Family
ID=85381321
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23790620.1A Pending EP4619247A1 (fr) | 2022-11-15 | 2023-10-16 | Document de sécurité comprenant un motif de sous-pixels |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4619247A1 (fr) |
| CO (1) | CO2025006192A2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3141884B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024104674A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3066142B1 (fr) * | 2017-05-12 | 2022-03-11 | Ccl Secure Pty Ltd | Dispositif de securite optique et procede de fabrication |
| FR3093302B1 (fr) | 2019-02-28 | 2021-10-22 | Idemia France | Image couleur formée à partir d’un hologramme |
| FR3103736B1 (fr) | 2019-11-29 | 2021-12-10 | Idemia France | Image personnalisée formée à partir d’un hologramme métallique |
-
2022
- 2022-11-15 FR FR2211870A patent/FR3141884B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-10-16 WO PCT/EP2023/078681 patent/WO2024104674A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-10-16 EP EP23790620.1A patent/EP4619247A1/fr active Pending
-
2025
- 2025-05-14 CO CONC2025/0006192A patent/CO2025006192A2/es unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CO2025006192A2 (es) | 2025-05-29 |
| WO2024104674A1 (fr) | 2024-05-23 |
| FR3141884A1 (fr) | 2024-05-17 |
| FR3141884B1 (fr) | 2025-02-28 |
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