EP4567838A1

EP4567838A1 - Bushing for medium or high voltage applications and method for manufacturing the bushing

Info

Publication number: EP4567838A1
Application number: EP23215294.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Radek Javora; Marek Pavlas
Original assignee: ABB Schweiz AG
Current assignee: ABB Schweiz AG
Priority date: 2023-12-08
Filing date: 2023-12-08
Publication date: 2025-06-11

Abstract

The present invention relates to a bushing (1) for medium or high voltage switching devices. The bushing (10) comprises a tubular housing (4), wherein a primary conductor (36) for conducting electric current and voltage is provided, axially extending between two axial ends of the housing (4), wherein the housing (4) is filled with an insulation material. The housing (4) is formed from at least two outer shell parts (8, 12) defining a closed internal space (28), comprising at one axial end a first opening (16) for filling the insulation material into the housing (4) and a second opening (20) for degassing the housing (4). A measuring equipment (40) is provided inside the housing (4) surrounding the primary conductor (36).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a bushing for medium or high voltage switching devices. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a bushing.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Traditionally, electric power bushings have been made of an electric insulating part formed by a thermosetting resin, such as epoxy, molded around an electrical conductor. The purpose of the insulation has been to prevent electric discharges between the conductor and the wall of a container through which the bushing protrudes. The thermosetting resin has been provided with a sufficiently high thickness to provide a satisfactory functionality in this respect. However, molding thick solid bodies of thermosetting material is a costly process, and alternatives have been searched for.
Prior art EP 2 276 041 B1 discloses a device for electric connection to an energy supply conductor for medium or high voltage. The device comprises a housing shell part with a voltage-carrying element, extending in the axial direction of the housing shell. From one opened side of the housing shell part an insulation material is filled inside the housing shell part. In the region where the device is mounting to a wall of a container a shielding element is provided inside the housing shell part surrounding the energy supply conductor for shielding the wall against the electrical field generated by the energy supply conductor.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a bushing for medium or high voltage switching devices, which can be manufactured more economically, and which has a high functionality.
The problem is solved by a bushing for medium or high voltage switching devices having the features of claim 1. Further, the problem is solved by a method for manufacturing such a bushing having the features of claim 10. Preferred embodiments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
According to the invention a bushing for medium or high voltage switching devices is proposed. The bushing comprises a tubular housing, wherein a primary conductor for conducting electric current and voltage is provided, axially extending between two axial ends of the housing. The housing is filled with an insulation material. Further, the housing is formed from at least two outer shell parts defining a closed internal space, comprising at one axial end a first opening for filling the insulation material into the housing and a second opening for degassing the housing, wherein a measuring equipment is provided inside the housing surrounding the primary conductor.
The tubular housing thereby comprises a longitudinal shape. Inside the housing the primary conductor is arranged extending in the direction of the longitudinal housing. For electrically insulating the primary conductor to an external surface of the housing the insulating material is provided between the conductor and the housing. To enable a complete filling of the housing the first and the second opening preferably are provided at an outermost axial end of the housing. Both openings thereby are provided on the same axial end. The size of the openings is dimensioned to just enable the filling and the degassing of the housing. Accordingly, the openings can be provided as e.g. drilling holes. Preferably, after filling the insulation material into the housing the openings can be closed by a cap.
By providing outer shell parts which are filled with insulation material a perfect surface quality of the bushing can be guaranteed. In contrast to bushings which are molded in an external form, the scrap rate of bushings having an imperfect surface quality can be significantly decreased. The bushings therefore can be produced more economically. Further, by providing measuring equipment inside the housing, no external measuring equipment is necessary, so that the bushing has a high functionality.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the measuring equipment comprises a voltage sensor and/or a current sensor and/or a voltage indicator device. By the usage of a voltage sensor respectively a current sensor the voltage and the current of the primary conductor can be measured. By additionally providing a voltage indicator device it is possible to provide a simple device which in case of failure of the voltage sensor indicates that voltage is present in the primary conductor. The voltage indicator therefore is a safety measure to re-check the results of the voltage sensor and to protect a user. A handling safety of the bushing thereby is increased.
In a further preferred embodiment, the voltage sensor comprises an electrode element surrounding the primary conductor and a shielding element surrounding the electrode element. In other words, the shielding electrode is provided at an outer circumference of the electrode element. The shielding electrode thereby protects the electrode element from radiation from outside of the bushing. As this radiation would influence the voltage measurement, by providing the shielding electrode the accuracy of the voltage measurement can be improved.
Preferably, at least one shell part is forming a truncated cone structure. In other words, the diameter of the shell part decreases in the direction of the axial end of the respective shell part. This design has the advantage that the shell parts can be easily manufactured by plastic molding. Further, the risk of remaining bubbles in corner regions is decreased, so that the scrap rate due to electric discharges is reduced. The bushing therefore can be manufactured more economically.
In a further advantageous development, the shell parts are made of different materials. During use of the bushing, both shell parts are usually provided to different outer conditions. In particular, the second shell part is provided inside a switching device which is filled with an insulation gas like sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆). In contrast thereto, the first shell part usually is provided to ambient air. By using different materials for both shell parts these materials can be chosen which suits best for the specific environment. For the second shell part preferably, a material is chosen having a higher resistance to hydrolysis, whereas for the first shell part a material is chosen, which is compatible to environment gas.
In a preferred embodiment, at least one shell part is made of a thermoplastic or thermoset material. Usage of thermoset material has the advantage that this material has a high heat resistance and a high structural integrity. In particular, thermoset material retains their strength and shape even when heated. Further, this material also has a high dielectric strength and resistance to corrosion effects and water. Apart from this this material also has a low price. In contrast thereto, although the temperature resistance of thermoplastic is lower than for thermoset material, the thermoplastic material has a high electrical insulation and can be remoulded or reshaped. Further, this material also has a low price.
A preferred embodiment specifies that the insulation material is made, at least partly of a thermoplastic, thermoset or gaseous material. By using such a material, a high insulation resistance can be achieved. In a further preferred embodiment, the insulation material is a silicon-based material. Also, with this material a high insulation resistance can be achieved.
Preferably, inner surfaces of the shell parts are sandblasted. by providing a sandblasted inner surface of the shell parts adhesion between the insulation material and the inner surface can be improved. By such an inner surface it can be prevented that due to shrinkage during the curing process the insulation material separates from the inner walls. The scrap rate of bushings thereby can be decreased so that the bushing can be manufactured more economically.
In an advantageous embodiment, inner surfaces of the shell parts are covered by a material improving an adhesion between the filling material and the shell parts. Also, by covering the inner surface with an additional material it can be prevented that the insulation material separates to the inner surface. Accordingly, also with such an inner surface the scrap rate of bushings can be decreased. Therefore, the bushing can be produced more economically.
The problem is further solved by a method for manufacturing a bushing. The method comprises the steps of producing both shell parts, insertion of the primary conductor into one of the shell parts, assembling the measuring equipment into at least one of the shell parts, and connecting both shell parts to each other. In further steps, the insulation material is filled into the housing through the first opening, and the insulation material is cured in the housing. With these steps, a bushing is achieved having a high surface quality. Further, the scrap rate of such a method is low, so that the bushing can be manufactured more economically. Apart from this, the above-mentioned advantages and effects are achieved.
In a preferred embodiment, inner surfaces of the shell parts are treated by sandblasting. With this method step the adhesion between the insulation material and the inner surface is improved. Accordingly, with this method step the effect and advantages described above are achieved.
Advantageously, inner surfaces of the shell parts are covered by a material improving an adhesion between the insulation material and the shell parts. Accordingly, with this method step the effect and advantages described above are achieved.
In a further advantage embodiment, after filling of the insulation material into the housing a degassing step is performed under vacuum conditions. By conducting the degassing step under vacuum conditions, the bubbles in the insulation material can be extracted more efficiently. Thereby, the insulation between the primary conductor and an outside of the bushing is improved. The scrap rate of bushings due to electric discharges can be significantly reduced. Accordingly, with this method step the bushing can be manufactured more economically.
The above aspects and examples will become apparent from and be elucidated with reference to the embodiments described hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The subject matter of the Invention will be explained in more details in the following description illustrated in the drawings, in which:

Figure 1: Longitudinal section view of a bushing according to an embodiment of the present invention, and
Figure 2: Embodiment of the method for manufacturing the bushing according to the present invention.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section view of a bushing 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The bushing 1 comprises a tubular housing 4, which is formed from two outer shell parts 8, 12. In this embodiment both outer shell parts 8, 12 are formed as a truncated cone. At an axial end of the second outer shell part 12, a first opening 16 is formed from which the housing 4 can be filled with an insulation material. Further, at the same axial end, a second opening 20 is provided in the second outer shell part 12. At an axial side of the second outer shell part 12, opposing the axial end of the second outer shell part 12, a flange portion 24 is formed. The flange portion 24 is pointing in the direction of the second outer shell part 12. With the flange portion 24 the housing can be mounted to a wall of a switching device.
In order, to ensure good visibility of the internal space 28 of the housing 4, the insulation material filled in the housing 4 is omitted. To provide a good adhesion between the shell parts 8, 12 and the insulation material an inner surface 32 of the shell parts 8, 12 can be sandblasted or covered with an additional material improving the adhesion. In the housing 4, a primary conductor 36 is arranged extending between both axial ends of the housing 4. With the primary conductor 36 electric current and voltage is conducted from one to the other axial side. In the middle of the housing 4 measuring equipment 40 is arranged, surrounding the primary conductor 36. In this embodiment, the measuring equipment 40 comprises a voltage indicator device 44 for detecting whether voltage is present in the primary conductor 36. The voltage indicator 44 thereby is formed as a hollow cylinder extending in an axial direction of the primary conductor 36.
Close to an end of the voltage indicator 44, a voltage sensor 48 is provided for measuring the voltage of the primary conductor 36. The voltage sensor 48 comprises an electrode element 50 formed as a hollow cylinder and extending in an axial direction of the primary conductor 36. The voltage sensor 48 further comprises a shielding electrode 52 surrounding the electrode element 50 and protecting the electrode element 50 against external radiation disturbing the voltage measurement. The measuring equipment 40 further comprises a shielded current sensor 56 surrounding the primary conductor 36. With this sensor 56 the current of the primary conductor 36 is measurable.
Figure 2 shows an embodiment of a method for manufacturing the bushing 1 according to the present invention. In a first step A of the method the shell parts 8, 12 are produced via a plastic moulding procedure. Both shell parts 8, 12 thereby can be made of the same or a different material. In a second step B, the inner surface 32 of the shell parts 8, 12 is treated by sandblasting. Instead of sandblasting the inner surface 32 also can be covered by an additional material improving adhesion of the insulation material. In a next step C, the primary conductor 36 is inserted into one of the shell parts 8, 12. After this step, the measuring equipment 40 is assembled D to the at least one shell part 8, 12.
After everything is properly arranged in the shell part 8, 12, the remaining shell part 8, 12 is mechanically connected E to this shell part 8, 12. Both shell parts 8, 12 thereby can be glued together. In a next step F, an insulation material introducing device (not shown) is connected to the first opening 16, and the housing 4 is filled by the insulation material. The remaining air in the housing 4 or in the insulation material is degassed through the second opening 20. To reduce remaining bubbles in the insulation material, the bushing 1 is put into a vacuum chamber to generate vacuum condition G to the bushing 1. Under vacuum condition the remaining bubbles in the insulation material can be extracted more easily. After this step, the insulation material in the housing 4 is cured H. This can be done at ambient temperatures or in an oven. Whether the insulation material is cured in the oven or at ambient temperatures depends which insulation material is used and on the available time for the curing process.

List of reference numbers

1: bushing
4: housing
8: first shell part
12: second shell part
16: first opening
20: second opening
24: flange portion
28: Internal space
32: inner surface
36: primary conductor
40: measuring equipment
44: voltage indicator device
48: voltage sensor
50: electrode element
52: shielding electrode
56: current sensor
A: step
B: step
C: step
D: step
E: step
F: step
G: step
H: step

Claims

A bushing (1) for medium or high voltage switching devices, comprising a tubular housing (4), wherein a primary conductor (36) for conducting electric current and voltage is provided, axially extending between two axial ends of the housing (4), wherein the housing (4) is filled with an insulation material, characterized in that
the housing (4) is formed from at least two outer shell parts (8, 12) defining a closed internal space (28), comprising at one axial end a first opening (16) for filling the insulation material into the housing (4) and a second opening (20) for degassing the housing (4), wherein a measuring equipment (40) is provided inside the housing (4) surrounding the primary conductor (36).
Bushing (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the measuring equipment (40) comprises a voltage sensor (48) and/or a current sensor (56) and/or a voltage indicator device (44).
Bushing (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the voltage sensor (48) comprises an electrode element (50) surrounding the primary conductor (36) and a shielding element (52) surrounding the electrode element (50).
Bushing (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one shell part (8, 12) is forming a truncated cone structure.
Bushing according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shell parts (8, 12) are made of different materials.
Bushing (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one shell part (8, 12) is made of a thermoplastic or thermoset material.
Bushing (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulation material is made, at least partly of a thermoplastic, thermoset or gaseous material.
Bushing (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that inner surfaces (32) of the shell parts (8, 12) are sandblasted.
Bushing (1) according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that inner surfaces (32) of the shell parts (8, 12) are covered by a material improving an adhesion between the insulation material and the shell parts (8, 12).
Method for manufacturing a bushing (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps:
- Producing (A) both shell parts (8, 12),

- Insertion (C) of the primary conductor (36) into one of the shell parts (8, 12),

- Assembling (D) the measuring equipment (40) into at least one of the shell parts (8, 12),

- Connecting (E) both shell parts (8, 12) to each other,

- Filling (F) the insulation material into the housing (4) through the first opening (16), and

- Curing (H) the insulation material in the housing (4).
Method according to claim 10, characterized in that inner surfaces of the shell parts are treated (B) by sandblasting.
Method according to claim 10, characterized in that inner surfaces (32) of the shell parts (8, 12) are covered (B) by a material improving an adhesion between the filling material and the shell parts (8, 12).
Method according to claims 10 to 12, characterized in that after filling of the insulation material into the housing (4) a degassing step (G) is performed under vacuum conditions.