EP4565077A1 - Proteines vegetales texturees - Google Patents
Proteines vegetales textureesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4565077A1 EP4565077A1 EP23772775.5A EP23772775A EP4565077A1 EP 4565077 A1 EP4565077 A1 EP 4565077A1 EP 23772775 A EP23772775 A EP 23772775A EP 4565077 A1 EP4565077 A1 EP 4565077A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- proteins
- wheat gluten
- dry
- hydrolyzed wheat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/17—Amino acids, peptides or proteins
- A23L33/185—Vegetable proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/24—Organic nitrogen compounds
- A21D2/26—Proteins
- A21D2/264—Vegetable proteins
- A21D2/265—Vegetable proteins from cereals, flour, bran
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D2/00—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking
- A21D2/08—Treatment of flour or dough by adding materials thereto before or during baking by adding organic substances
- A21D2/24—Organic nitrogen compounds
- A21D2/26—Proteins
- A21D2/264—Vegetable proteins
- A21D2/266—Vegetable proteins from leguminous or other vegetable seeds; from press-cake or oil bearing seeds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/14—Vegetable proteins
- A23J3/18—Vegetable proteins from wheat
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/22—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising
- A23J3/225—Texturised simulated foods with high protein content
- A23J3/227—Meat-like textured foods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23J—PROTEIN COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS; WORKING-UP PROTEINS FOR FOODSTUFFS; PHOSPHATIDE COMPOSITIONS FOR FOODSTUFFS
- A23J3/00—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs
- A23J3/22—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising
- A23J3/26—Working-up of proteins for foodstuffs by texturising using extrusion or expansion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a specific composition
- a specific composition comprising vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten, preferably from legumes, preferably from peas, as well as hydrolyzed wheat gluten, said composition having been dry textured.
- the invention also relates to its manufacturing process and its use in industry, particularly food industry, even more particularly the meat analogue industry.
- Protein cooking-extrusion processes can be separated into two large families based on the quantity of water used during the process.
- this quantity expressed as a percentage of water of the mixture present in the extruder, is greater than a value of the order of 30% by weight, we usually speak of so-called "wet" cooking-extrusion and the products obtained will rather be intended for the production of finished products for immediate consumption, simulating animal meat, for example beef steaks or chicken nuggets.
- the present invention falls within the field of dry extrusion.
- the present invention relates to a dry extruded composition
- a dry extruded composition comprising vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten, preferably legume proteins, more preferably pea proteins, as well as hydrolyzed wheat gluten.
- the extruded composition according to the invention is characterized by an elasticity measured by Test A of between 3.5 and 5, preferably between 4 and 5, preferably between 4.2 and 4.8, preferably between 4.4 and 4.6
- the extruded composition according to the invention is also characterized by a firmness measured by Test B of between 5 and 10, preferably between 5.5 and 9.5.
- the extradited composition according to the invention is also characterized by a water retention capacity measured by Test C of between 1.5 and 3.5, preferably between 1.7 and 3.2.
- the percentage of hydrolyzed wheat gluten contained in all of the proteins is between 22% and 40% on a dry basis, preferably between 22% and 38%, preferably between 24% and 36%, preferably between 26% and 40%. % and 34%, preferably between 28% and 32%.
- total proteins or “total proteins”, we mean all the proteins in the composition according to the first aspect, namely the vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten and hydrolyzed wheat gluten.
- dry percentage refers to the dry matter percentage of hydrolyzed wheat gluten relative to all the proteins in the dry composition according to the first aspect, namely the vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten and hydrolyzed wheat gluten.
- the percentage of vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten, preferably legume proteins, preferably pea proteins, contained in all of the proteins is between 88% and 60% on a dry basis, preferably between 88% and 62%, preferably between 76% and 64%, preferably between 74% and 66%, preferably between 72% and 68%.
- the composition comprises plant fibers, preferably plant fibers, preferably legume fibers, preferably pea fibers, in a total protein/plant fiber mass ratio of between 70/30 and 90/10, preferably included between 85/15 and 90/10.
- a dry powder mixture comprising a material rich in vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten, preferably from legumes, preferably from peas and a material rich in hydrolyzed wheat gluten in relative quantities allowing the obtaining a mixture whose percentage of hydrolyzed wheat gluten contained in all of the proteins is between 22 and 40% on dry matter, preferably between 22% and 38%, preferably between 24% and 36%, preferably between 26% and 34%, preferably between 28% and 32%.
- the dry weight ratio of total proteins/plant fibers is between 70/30 and 90/10, preferably between 85/15 and 90/10.
- the dry weight ratio of total proteins/legume fibers is between 70/30 and 90/10, preferably between 85/15 and 90/10.
- the plant fiber optionally used contains between 40% and 60% of polymers composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, preferably between 45% and 55%, as well as between 25% and 45% of pea starch, preferably between 30% and 40%, % by weight of vegetable fibers.
- the legume fiber optionally used contains between 40% and 60% of polymers composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, preferably between 45% and 55%, as well as between 25% and 45%.
- pea starch preferably between 30% and 40%, % by weight of legume fibers.
- the dry powder mixture comprising total proteins and plant fibers used in step 1 can be prepared by mixing said proteins and fibers.
- the powder can consist essentially of vegetable proteins, hydrolyzed wheat gluten and vegetable fibers.
- the dry powder mixture comprising legume proteins, hydrolyzed wheat gluten and legume fibers used in step 1 can be prepared by mixing said proteins and fibers.
- the powder may consist essentially of legume proteins, hydrolyzed wheat gluten and legume fibers.
- the term “essentially constituted” means that the powder may include impurities linked to the process of manufacturing plant proteins and plant fibers, such as for example traces of starch.
- the protein and legume fiber are chosen from fava beans and peas. Pea is particularly preferred.
- the proteins and fibers have the same botanical origin.
- the proteins and fibers have different botanical origins.
- the present invention finally relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect or produced according to the process according to the second aspect in industrial applications such as for example the human and animal food industry, industrial pharmacy or the cosmetic.
- the present invention finally relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect or produced according to the process according to the second aspect in a food composition, preferably intended to prepare a bakery or pastry product and /or preferably being a meat analogue, such as minced meat, steaks, chicken fillets, chicken nuggets, sausages, in a pharmaceutical composition or in a cosmetic composition.
- a food composition preferably intended to prepare a bakery or pastry product and /or preferably being a meat analogue, such as minced meat, steaks, chicken fillets, chicken nuggets, sausages, in a pharmaceutical composition or in a cosmetic composition.
- FIG. 1 corresponds to a photo presenting in three bottles the behavior of a composition according to the invention when subjected to shear.
- FIG. 2 corresponds to a photo presenting in three bottles the behavior of a prior art composition (100% pea protein) when subjected to shear.
- FIG. 3 corresponds to a photo showing three bottles the behavior of a prior art composition (70% pea protein and 30% non-hydrolyzed wheat gluten) when subjected to shear.
- the present invention relates to a dry-extruded composition
- a dry-extruded composition comprising vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten, preferably legume proteins, preferably pea proteins, as well as hydrolyzed wheat gluten.
- legumes is considered here as the family of dicotyledonous plants of the Fabales order. It is one of the most important families of flowering plants, third after Orchidaceae and Asteraceae in number of species. It has approximately 765 genera comprising more than 19,500 species.
- Several legumes are important cultivated plants including soybeans, beans, peas, fava beans, chickpeas, peanuts, cultivated lentils, cultivated alfalfa, various clovers, broad beans, carob, licorice.
- the vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten, preferably from legumes are pea proteins, faba bean proteins, or a mixture of these.
- pea being considered here in its broadest sense and including in particular all varieties of “smooth pea” and “wrinkled pea”, and all mutant varieties of “smooth pea” and “wrinkled pea”, regardless of the uses for which said varieties are generally intended (human food, animal nutrition and/or other uses).
- pea in the present application includes varieties of peas belonging to the genus Pisum and more particularly to the species sativum and aestivum. Said mutant varieties are in particular those called “r mutants”, “rb mutants”, “rug 3 mutants”, “rug 4 mutants”, “rug 5 mutants” and “lam mutants” as described in the article by C-L HEYDLEY and al. entitled “Developing novel pea starches” Proceedings of the Symposium of the Industrial Biochemistry and Biotechnology Group of the Biochemical Society, 1996, pp. 77-87.
- faba bean we mean the group of annual plants of the species Vicia faba, belonging to the group of legumes of the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, tribe Fabeae. There are varieties Minor and Major. In the present invention, wild varieties and those obtained by genetic engineering or varietal selection are all excellent sources. [0053] If legume proteins, in particular from peas or faba beans, are particularly suitable for implementing the invention, it is nevertheless possible to achieve this with other sources of plant proteins such as such as oat, mung bean, potato, corn or even chickpea proteins. A person skilled in the art will be able to make any necessary adaptations.
- textured or “texturing” is meant in the present application any physical and/or chemical process aimed at modifying a composition comprising proteins in order to give them a specific ordered structure.
- the texturing of proteins aims to give the appearance of a fiber, such as present in animal meats.
- a particularly preferred process for texturizing proteins is extrusion cooking, particularly using a twin-screw extruder.
- dry textured or “dry texturing” is meant in the present application a texturing process, in particular by cooking-extrusion, in which the quantity of water in the mixture present in the extruder represents less than 30% of the total weight of the ingredients used during the process, preferably between 1% and 30%.
- the composition of the present application is preferably prepared by cooking-extrusion by introducing a powder and water into an extruder, said powder containing proteins and optionally legume fibers, and in this context the expression "dry textured" means that the weight of water introduced into the extruder represents less than 30% of the total weight of the ingredients used during the process, preferably between 1% and 30% of the total weight of water and powder introduced into the extruder, preferably between 5 and 25%.
- drinking water we mean water that can be drunk or used for domestic and industrial purposes without risk to health.
- its conductivity is chosen between 400 and 1100, preferably between 400 and 600 pS/cm. More preferably in the present invention, we will hear that this drinking water has a sulfate content of less than 250 mg/l, a chloride content of less than 200 mg/l, a potassium content of less than 12 mg/l, a pH of between 6.5 and 9 and a TH (Hydrometric Title, i.e. the hardness of the water, which corresponds to the measurement of the calcium and magnesium ion content of water) greater than 15 French degrees. In other words, drinking water must not contain less than 60 mg/l of calcium or 36 mg/l of magnesium.
- This definition includes drinking network water, decarbonated water, demineralized water.
- the extruded composition according to the invention is characterized by an elasticity measured by Test A of between 3.5 and 5, preferably between 4 and 5, preferably between 4.2 and 4.8, preferably between 4.4 and 4.6
- a piece of synthetic sponge e.g. Spontex® or Raja® brand
- Spontex® or Raja® brand matching the shape of the Ottawa cell
- the elasticity according to Test A of the composition according to the invention measured by Test A will be 3.5; 3.6; 3.7; 3.8; 3.94; 4.1;4.2;4.3;4.4; 4.5; 4.6; 4.7; 4.8; 4.9 or 5 as well as all the ranges obtainable with these values.
- the extruded composition according to the invention is also characterized by a firmness measured by Test B of between 5 and 10, preferably between 5.5 and 9.5.
- the firmness value corresponds to the maximum force (expressed in kg) obtained during the analysis (3 repetitions are carried out and the arithmetic average is calculated)
- the firmness according to Test B of a composition according to the invention will be 5; 5.1; 5.2; 5.3; 5.4; 5.5; 5.6; 5.7; 5.8; 5.9; 6; 6.1; 6.2;
- the firmness according to Test B of the composition according to the invention will be between 5 and 7, preferably between 5.5 and 6.5.
- the extruded composition according to the invention is also characterized by a water retention capacity measured by Test C of between 1.5 and 3.5, preferably between 1.7 and 3.2.
- test C In order to measure the water retention capacity, test C is used, the protocol of which is described below: a. Weigh 40g of sample to be analyzed in a beaker b. Add deionized water at room temperature (20°C +/- 1°C) until the sample is completely submerged; vs. Leave in static contact for 30 minutes; d. Separate residual water and sample using a sieve to separate the sample and residual water; d. Weigh the final weight P (in grams) of the rehydrated sample;
- the water retention according to Test C of the composition according to the invention will be between 2.5 and 3.5, preferably between 2.7 and 3 ,0.
- the water retention according to Test C of the composition according to the invention will be between 1.5 and 2.5, preferably between 1.7 and 2.3
- “hydrolyzed wheat gluten” must be understood as vital wheat gluten (see its definition below), which has been hydrolyzed, which must be understood as a reduction in the molecular weight of the proteins. constituting wheat gluten.
- those skilled in the art can choose between all the processes known today, including the routes chemicals e.g. acid, alkaline or biochemical hydrolysis e.g. proteases, peptidases.
- “wheat gluten” must be understood to be the protein fraction of wheat consisting of gliadins and glutenins.
- the gluten will be said to be “vital”, which must be understood to be obtained by a process which does not denature it and will therefore retain its viscoelastic properties.
- the hydrolyzed wheat gluten is characterized by a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 0.5% to 5%, preferably 1% to 4%, preferably 2% to 4%. 3%.
- the degree of hydrolysis is defined as the proportion of cleaved peptide bonds in a protein hydrolyzate.
- the degree of hydrolysis can be easily known using well-known protocols like o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) or trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) colorimetric methods. In this application, the preferred method is OPA.
- OPA o-phthaldialdehyde
- TNBS trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid
- the preferred method is OPA.
- the person skilled in the art may refer to the article “Improved Method for Determining Food Protein Degree of Hydrolysis” (Journal of Food Science, Volume 66, Issue 5, June 2001, Pages 642-646).
- the amino nitrogen content (free NH2) is determined on the protein sample according to the invention with the MEGAZYME kit (reference K-PANOPA).
- the protein nitrogen content (total nitrogen) of the sample is also determined. We can then calculate the degree of hydrolysis.
- amino nitrogen groups of the free amino acids in the sample react with N-acetyl-L-cysteine and OPhthaldialdehyde (OPA) to form isoindole derivatives.
- OPA OPhthaldialdehyde
- the quantity of isoindole derivative formed during this reaction is stoichiometric with the quantity of free amino nitrogen. It is the isoindole derivative which is measured by the increase in absorbance at 340 nm.
- a test portion P*, exactly weighed, of the sample to be analyzed is introduced into a 100 mL beaker. This test portion will be 0.5 to 5.0 g depending on the amino nitrogen content of the sample. Approximately 50 mL of distilled water is added, homogenized and transferred into a 100 mL volumetric flask. 5 mL of 20% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are added and made up with distilled water to reach a volume of 100 mL.
- SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate
- a blank, a standard and a sample are prepared directly in the spectrophotometer tanks under the following conditions:
- each tank is mixed and the absorbance measurement (A1) of the solutions is read after approximately 2 minutes using a spectrophotometer at 340 nm (spectrophotometer equipped with tanks with an optical path of 1.0 cm, capable of measuring at a wavelength of 340 nm, and verified according to the operating procedure described in the manufacturer's technical manual relating to it).
- a spectrophotometer at 340 nm spectrophotometer equipped with tanks with an optical path of 1.0 cm, capable of measuring at a wavelength of 340 nm, and verified according to the operating procedure described in the manufacturer's technical manual relating to it).
- Aech2 absorbance of the sample after addition of solution no. 2
- the protein nitrogen content is determined according to the DUMAS method according to standard ISO 16634 - 2016. It is expressed as a percentage by weight relative to the weight of the product.
- the composition according to the invention has a dry matter content greater than 80%, preferably greater than 90% by weight of dry matter relative to the total weight of the composition.
- the dry matter is measured by any method well known to those skilled in the art.
- the so-called “desiccation” method is used. It consists of determining the quantity of water evaporated by heating a known quantity of a sample of known mass. Heating is continuous until the mass stabilizes, indicating that the evaporation of the water is complete.
- the temperature used is 105°C.
- the total protein content of the composition according to the invention is advantageously between 60% and 80%, preferably between 70% and 80% by weight based on the total dry matter of the composition.
- any method well known to those skilled in the art can be used.
- the quantity of total nitrogen will be measured, typically according to the Kjeldahl method, and this content will be multiplied by the coefficient 6.25. This method is well known to those skilled in the art and commonly used to analyze the protein content of plant protein compositions.
- composition according to the present application may also include plant fibers.
- the composition comprises plant fibers selected from the list of legume fibers, such as pea, in a total protein/plant fiber mass ratio of between 70/30 and 90/10, preferably between 85/ 15 and 90/10.
- the composition comprises dry-textured legume proteins and fibers in particle form, in a total protein/legume fiber mass ratio of between 70/30 and 90/10, preferably between 85/15 and 90. /10.
- the composition of the present application includes fibers of legumes, protein and fiber come from the same legume or from different legumes, preferably from the same legume.
- the composition of the present application comprises proteins and fibers from pea or faba bean.
- the composition may also include potato fibers.
- composition according to the invention can obviously comprise other compounds such as colorings, flavors, amino acids or peptides (to improve the nutritional quality), additives such as calcium carbonate or sodium metabisulfite.
- the present invention also relates to a process for producing a composition according to the first aspect, said process is remarkable in that it comprises the following steps:
- a dry powder mixture comprising a material rich in vegetable proteins, preferably legumes, preferably peas and a material rich in hydrolyzed wheat gluten protein in relative quantities allowing the obtaining of a mixture whose percentage of hydrolyzed wheat gluten contained in all the proteins is between 22% and 40% on dry basis, preferably between 22% and 38%, preferably between 24% and 36%, preferably between 26% and 34%, preferably between 28 % and 32%.
- step 2 Dry cooking-extrusion of the mixture provided in step 1 by adding water in order to achieve a percentage of water in the extruder of between 1% and 30%
- the dry powder mixture comprising the vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten, preferably from legumes, preferably from peas, as well as the hydrolyzed wheat gluten used in step 1 can be prepared by mixing of said materials before introduction into the extruder.
- THE Powders can also be weighed separately then introduced together into the extruder.
- the powder can consist essentially or even exclusively of legume proteins and hydrolyzed gluten.
- the mixing consists of obtaining a dry mixture of the different constituents necessary to give a fibrous appearance to the composition during step 2 once it is mixed with water and extruded.
- the hydrolyzed wheat gluten used in step 1 has a degree of hydrolysis (DH) of 0.5% to 5%, preferably 1% to 4%, preferably 2 % to 3%.
- DH degree of hydrolysis
- materials rich in vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten, preferably from legumes, preferably pea proteins, as well as materials rich in hydrolyzed wheat gluten are isolates whose protein content total dry matter of between 60% and 90%, preferably between 70% and 85%, even more preferably between 75% and 85% by weight of the total dry matter of the composition.
- the quantity of total nitrogen will be measured using the Kjeldahl method which will then be multiplied by the coefficient 6.25 to obtain the quantity of proteins.
- the dry matter of the vegetable protein, preferably of legume is greater than 80% by weight, preferably greater than 90% by dry weight relative to the total weight of dry matter of the composition.
- the vegetable proteins excluding hydrolyzed wheat gluten, preferably legume proteins, preferably pea proteins have a particle size characterized by a Dmode of between 150 microns and 400 microns, preferably between 150 microns and 200 microns or between 350 microns and 450 microns.
- This particle size measurement is carried out using a MALVERN 3000 laser particle size analyzer in the dry phase (equipped with a powder module). The powder to be analyzed is placed in the module feed with an opening of between 1 and 4mm and a vibration frequency of 50% or 75. The device automatically records the different sizes and restores the Particle Size Distribution (or PSD in English) as well as the Dmode, D10, D50 and D90.
- the Dmode is well known to those skilled in the art and consists of the size of the largest population of particles.
- the particle size of the powder is advantageous for the stability and productivity of the process. A particle size that is too fine is inevitably followed by problems that are sometimes difficult to manage during the extrusion process.
- the dry powder mixture of step 1 may also contain plant fibers, preferably legumes, characterized in that the powder mixture thus obtained has a dry weight ratio of total proteins/plant fibers, preferably legumes between 70/30 and 90/10, preferably between 85/15 and 90/10.
- plant fibers is meant all compositions comprising polysaccharides that are poorly or not digestible by the human digestive system, extracted from plant sources.
- legume fibers we mean all compositions comprising polysaccharides that are poorly or indigestible by the human digestive system, extracted from legumes.
- Such fibers are extracted by any process well known to those skilled in the art.
- the legume fibers are pea, faba bean, mung bean, chickpea fiber, or a mixture thereof.
- the proteins and fibers come from the same legume or from legumes of different botanical origins, preferably from the same legume. In a particular mode, the process is implemented with proteins and fibers from pea or fava bean.
- a plant fiber it is preferably derived from the plant, preferably from the pea, using a wet extraction process.
- the peeled pea is ground into flour which is then suspended in water.
- the suspension thus obtained is sent to hydrocyclones in order to extract the starch.
- the supernatant is sent to horizontal decanters in order to obtain a legume fiber fraction.
- a legume fiber thus prepared contains between 40% and 60% polymers composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin, preferably between 45% and 55%, as well as between 25% and 45% pea starch, preferably between 30% and 40%.
- a commercial example of such a fiber is for example the Pea Fiber I50 fiber from the company Roquette.
- the fiber/protein mixture is naturally obtained by turboseparation of a legume flour.
- the legume seeds are cleaned, stripped of their external fibers and ground into flour.
- the flour is then turboseparated, which consists of the application of an ascending air current allowing separation of the different particles according to their density. It is possible to concentrate the protein content in flours from around 20% to over 60%. Such flours are called “concentrates”. These concentrates also contain between 10% and 20% legume fiber.
- the dry mass ratio between total proteins and fibers is advantageously between 70/30 and 90/10, preferably between 85/15 and 90/10.
- the legume fiber can be replaced by any suitable plant fiber, including potato fiber and lemon fiber.
- step 2 this dry powder mixture will then be textured, which amounts to saying that the vegetable proteins and the hydrolyzed wheat gluten will undergo thermal destructuring and reorganization in order to form a continuous elongation in lines parallel straight lines, simulating the fibers present in meats. Any process well known to those skilled in the art will be suitable, in particular by extrusion.
- the cooking-extrusion step is preferably carried out dry, that is to say that the quantity of water introduced into the extruder represents less than 30% of the total weight in water and in powder introduced into the extruder. In the present application, this percentage can be obtained by dividing the quantity of water introduced into the extruder by the total of the quantity of powder and water introduced into the extruder, and by multiplying by 100.
- the quantity of water in the mixture present in the extruder is between 1% and 30%, preferably 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% , 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20%, 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26 %, 27%, 28%, 29% or 30%.
- any so-called drinking water is suitable for this.
- drinking water we mean water that can be drunk or used for domestic and industrial purposes without risk to health.
- its conductivity is chosen between 400 and 1100, preferably between 400 and 600 pS/cm. More preferably in the present invention, it will be understood that this drinking water has a sulfate content of less than 250 mg/l, a chloride content of less than 200 mg/l, a potassium content of less than 12 mg/l, a pH between 6.5 and 9 and a TH (Hydrometric Title, i.e. the hardness of the water, which corresponds to the measurement of the calcium and magnesium ion content of water) greater than 15 French degrees.
- step 2 is carried out by cooking-extrusion in a twin-screw extruder characterized by a length/diameter ratio of between 20 and 60, preferably between 20 and 45, preferably between 35 and 45, preferably 40 , and equipped with a succession of 85-95% conveying elements, 2.5-10% kneading elements, and 2.5-10% reverse pitch elements.
- the length/diameter ratio is a classic parameter in extrusion cooking. This ratio could therefore be 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44,45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50,51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 or 65. preferred, the length/diameter ratio will be between 55 and 65, preferably between 58 and 62, even more preferably 60.
- the different elements are the conveying elements aimed at conveying the product in the die without modifying the product, the kneading elements aimed at mixing the product and the reverse pitch elements aimed at applying a force to the product to move it forward. against the direction and thus cause mixing and shearing.
- the conveying elements will be placed at the very beginning of the screw with a temperature set between 20°C and 70°C, then the kneading elements with a temperature between 90°C and 150°C and finally the inverted pitch elements with temperatures between 100°C and 140°C, preferably between 100°C and 120°C.
- the conveying elements will be placed at the very beginning of the screw with a temperature set between 20°C and 70°C, then an alternation of shearing elements and reverse steps with temperatures respectively between 90 and 140 °C.
- this screw is rotated between 900 and 1200 rpm, preferably between 900 and 1100 rpm.
- Step 3 then consists of cutting the extruded composition at the extruder outlet, consisting of at least one die.
- the cutting can be carried out naturally, that is to say by simple ejection of the extruded composition and rupture of the rod due to the ejection force and gravity.
- the die is equipped with orifices, with a diameter of 3 mm and a knife whose rotation speed is between 600 and 1000 revolutions per minute, preferably between 700 and 900 revolutions/min , even more preferably 800 rpm.
- the distance between the knife and the end of the die is adjusted in order to obtain an extruded composition whose average length is between 0.5 cm and 1.5 cm, preferably between 0.7 cm and 1.3 cm, preferably between 0.9 cm and 1.2 cm.
- the knife is placed flush with the outlet of the extruder, preferably at a distance between 0 and 5 mm.
- flower we mean at a distance extremely close to the die located at the exit of the extruder, at the limit of touching the die but without touching it. Conventionally, a person skilled in the art will adjust this distance by making the knife and the die touch each other, then shifting it very slightly.
- the last step 4 consists of drying the composition thus obtained. This step is optional but preferred.
- drying will be carried out to achieve a dry matter of between 90% and 100%, preferably between 95% and 98%.
- the present invention finally relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect in industrial applications such as for example the human and animal food industry, industrial pharmacy or cosmetics.
- Another object of the present invention is a food composition comprising an extruded composition according to the first aspect.
- Another object of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising an extruded composition according to the first aspect.
- Another object of the present invention is a cosmetic composition comprising an extruded composition according to the first aspect.
- the present invention relates to the use of the composition according to the first aspect in the field of bakery-pastry.
- the invention will be of particular interest in order to make inclusions in bakery products such as muffins, cookies, cakes, bagels, pizza dough, breads and breakfast cereals.
- inclusions we mean particles (here the composition of dry-textured legume proteins) mixed with a dough before cooking. After this, the composition of dry-textured legume proteins is trapped in the final product (hence the term “inclusion”) and provides both its protein content and a crispy character when consumed. .
- the invention will be of particular interest in order to make inclusions in confectionery products such as fat filings (in English, fatty stuffing in French), chocolates, so as to also provide protein content as well as a crispy character.
- the invention will be of particular interest in order to make inclusions in alternative products to dairy products such as cheeses, yogurts, ice creams and drinks.
- the invention will be of particular interest in the field of analogues of meats, fish, sauces and soups.
- a particular application concerns the use of the composition according to the invention for the manufacture of meat substitutes, in particular minced meat. But also Bolognese sauce, steak for hamburgers, meat for tacos and pitta, “chili sin carne”.
- composition comprising textured legume proteins according to the invention will be of particular interest for being sprinkled on top of said pizza (“topping” in English).
- the textured composition according to the invention will be used as an element providing fibrous and protein.
- the textured composition according to the invention will be used as an element providing fibrous and protein.
- NUTRALYS® F85G from the company ROQUETTE
- o Protein richness 84.1%
- o Dry matter 94.3%
- NUTRALYS® W from the company ROQUETTE
- OPA method 2.7%
- the mixture is introduced with a regulated flow rate in kg/h.
- a quantity of water regulated in kg/h is also introduced.
- a water/powder mass ratio can therefore be calculated and expressed in%.
- the extrusion screw composed of 85% conveying elements, 5% kneading elements and 10% reverse pitch elements, is rotated at a speed regulated in rpm and sends the mixture in a die.
- the conveying elements were placed at the very beginning of the screw with a temperature set between 20°C and 70°C, then the kneading elements and the reverse step elements with temperatures between 90°C and 150°C.
- This particular pipe generates a machine torque expressed in % with a pressure recorded in bars.
- the specific energy of the system can be calculated (according to the standard knowledge of those skilled in the art) and expressed in Wh/Kg.
- the product is directed at the outlet towards a die consisting of a 3 mm cylindrical hole, from which the textured protein is expelled which is cut using knives placed flush with the outlet of the die. extrusion.
- the textured/extruded composition thus produced is dried in a Thermo Scientific ventilated oven model UT6760 heated to 60°C.
- Example 1 Impact of the percentage and degree of hydrolysis of hydrolyzed wheat gluten isolate
- Table 1 summarizes the various tests carried out as well as the analyzes corresponding to the compositions obtained. 159] In order to clarify the data presented in the previous Table:
- the cutting speed of the knife is applied and varies in order to obtain particles whose size is approximately 1cm. These variations are explained by the need to obtain particles similar in size.
- compositions based on classic peas according to the prior art have an elasticity according to test A of less than 4
- Table 2 summarizes the different tests carried out as well as the analyzes corresponding to the compositions obtained.
- Figs. 2 and 3 present the results of prior art consisting of a dry-extruded composition composed of a mixture of 70% pea protein and 30% non-hydrolyzed wheat gluten (example 5 and 100% pea protein (example 1).
- compositions according to the invention are atypical in the sense that despite the significant shearing times sometimes required in the food industry, the size of the particles is only reduced slightly.
- Example 4 Evaluation of performance in a minced steak recipe
- the probe used for minced steak after cooking is TA-045 (1.5 mm thick and 10 mm wide)
- the elasticity of the TVP in the minced steak is measured by making the ratio between the force measured by the TAXT after 30 seconds at 90% compression and 0 seconds at 90% compression
- the probe used is a disk called P100 (10 cm in diameter)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- General Preparation And Processing Of Foods (AREA)
- Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
- Grain Derivatives (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2209078A FR3139439B1 (fr) | 2022-09-09 | 2022-09-09 | Proteines vegetales texturees |
| PCT/EP2023/025394 WO2024051965A1 (fr) | 2022-09-09 | 2023-09-08 | Proteines vegetales texturees |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4565077A1 true EP4565077A1 (fr) | 2025-06-11 |
Family
ID=85570044
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23772775.5A Pending EP4565077A1 (fr) | 2022-09-09 | 2023-09-08 | Proteines vegetales texturees |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20260083155A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4565077A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3266765A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3139439B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024051965A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL82929A (en) * | 1987-06-21 | 1992-11-15 | Shemer Michael | Method for manufacture of gluten possessing a fibrous structure and meat-like products obtained therefrom |
| US8741370B2 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2014-06-03 | Mgpi Processing, Inc. | Expanded products with high protein content |
| EP2922415A1 (fr) | 2012-11-23 | 2015-09-30 | Proviand B.V. | Procédé de texture de fibres végétales et de protéines |
| FR3001362B1 (fr) | 2013-01-31 | 2015-07-10 | Roquette Freres | Procede de fractionnement des solubles de pois, fractions obtenues et leur valorisation |
| FR3089757B1 (fr) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-11-19 | Roquette Freres | Composition comprenant des proteines de legumineuses texturees |
| FR3107641B1 (fr) * | 2020-02-28 | 2024-08-23 | Roquette Freres | Proteines de legumineuses texturees |
| CN115315192A (zh) * | 2020-03-24 | 2022-11-08 | 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司 | 包含油菜籽蛋白的肉类替代品 |
| GB2596121B (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2024-07-24 | Marlow Foods Ltd | Foodstuff |
-
2022
- 2022-09-09 FR FR2209078A patent/FR3139439B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-09-08 US US19/109,922 patent/US20260083155A1/en active Pending
- 2023-09-08 WO PCT/EP2023/025394 patent/WO2024051965A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-08 EP EP23772775.5A patent/EP4565077A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-09-08 CA CA3266765A patent/CA3266765A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3266765A1 (fr) | 2024-03-14 |
| FR3139439A1 (fr) | 2024-03-15 |
| FR3139439B1 (fr) | 2026-07-10 |
| WO2024051965A1 (fr) | 2024-03-14 |
| US20260083155A1 (en) | 2026-03-26 |
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