EP4562287A1 - Procédé de contrôle d'un système électrique pour une turbomachine hybridée électriquement - Google Patents
Procédé de contrôle d'un système électrique pour une turbomachine hybridée électriquementInfo
- Publication number
- EP4562287A1 EP4562287A1 EP23751676.0A EP23751676A EP4562287A1 EP 4562287 A1 EP4562287 A1 EP 4562287A1 EP 23751676 A EP23751676 A EP 23751676A EP 4562287 A1 EP4562287 A1 EP 4562287A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- rotating body
- signal
- frequency component
- power
- electrical system
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/32—Arrangement, mounting, or driving, of auxiliaries
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02C7/00—Features, components parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart form groups F02C1/00 - F02C6/00; Air intakes for jet-propulsion plants
- F02C7/36—Power transmission arrangements between the different shafts of the gas turbine plant, or between the gas-turbine plant and the power user
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F02K5/00—Plants including an engine, other than a gas turbine, driving a compressor or a ducted fan
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
- F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
- F05D2270/11—Purpose of the control system to prolong engine life
- F05D2270/114—Purpose of the control system to prolong engine life by limiting mechanical stresses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/304—Spool rotational speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
- F05D2270/334—Vibration measurements
Definitions
- This presentation concerns the field of turbomachines, in particular aircraft engines. More precisely, this presentation concerns the management of the power supply of electrical loads to an engine and/or an aircraft.
- An aircraft may include at least one engine, which may include at least two separate rotating bodies. Additionally, each of the engine and the aircraft may include electrical loads and/or electrical power sources. An electrical system can connect loads, sources and the motor together to allow electrical exchanges between these different elements.
- the motor may comprise at least one electric machine connected to the rotating bodies.
- at least one of the loads can be powered by the electrical machine which, to do this, draws mechanical power from at least one of the rotating bodies.
- at least one of the rotating bodies can be assisted by drawing electrical power from at least one source. If necessary, it is the electrical machine which can be a source, and which then draws mechanical power from the other of the rotating bodies.
- the rotating bodies thus stressed by sampling or injection of mechanical power can include specific modes, for example in torsion and/or in bending. Therefore, sampling or injecting mechanical power at frequencies close to these natural modes can cause all or part of the motor to resonate, which is likely to damage it. On the other hand, avoiding taking or injecting mechanical power into the rotating bodies because of these natural modes can reduce the performance of the electrical system, and therefore of the engine, or even of the aircraft.
- a goal of this presentation is to improve the lifespan of an aircraft engine comprising an electrical load supplied by mechanical sampling on the engine while guaranteeing the performance of the engine.
- a method of controlling an electrical system comprising: processing a main signal for controlling a withdrawal of a power mechanically by the electrical system on an electrically hybridized turbomachine so as to extract a first frequency component corresponding to a natural frequency of a first rotating body of the turbomachine and to generate a first filtered main signal deprived of the first frequency component; generating a first subsidiary signal for controlling a withdrawal of mechanical power by the electrical system on the first rotating body from the first filtered main signal; and the generation of a second subsidiary signal for controlling a withdrawal of power by the electrical system from an auxiliary power source from the first frequency component.
- the process may comprise at least one of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any combination:
- the auxiliary power source is a second rotating body of the turbomachine and the generation of the second subsidiary signal comprises filtering the first frequency component so as to extract a second frequency component corresponding to a natural frequency of the second rotating body;
- the auxiliary power source is a second rotating body of the turbomachine, the method further comprising:
- the auxiliary power source is a second rotating body of the turbomachine
- the method further comprising the prior processing of the main control signal so as to extract at least a third frequency component corresponding to a natural frequency common to the first rotating body and to the second rotating body and to generate a filtered intermediate main signal, in which the extraction of at least one of the first frequency component and the second frequency component is implemented by processing the filtered intermediate main signal;
- the auxiliary power source is a second rotating body of the turbomachine, the method further comprising:
- the generation of one of the first subsidiary signal and the second subsidiary signal is implemented from a maximum sampling threshold authorized on one of the first rotating body and the auxiliary power source.
- an electrical system comprising: an electrical power bus intended to be connected to at least one load and configured to provide electrical power to the load in the form of a continuous signal; a first alternating current generator designed to be connected to a first rotating body of an electrically hybridized turbomachine to draw mechanical power from the first rotating body and transform it into electrical power capable of being transferred to the bus; a second alternating current generator designed to be connected to a second rotating body of the turbomachine to take mechanical power from the second rotating body and transform it into electrical power capable of being transferred to the bus; a first converter connecting the first alternating current generator to the bus and configured to regulate the voltage of the bus from electrical power supplied by the first alternating current generator; a second converter connecting the second alternating current generator to the bus and configured to regulate the voltage of the bus from electrical power supplied by the second alternating current generator; and a control device connected to the converters and configured to control the converters with a view to compensating for a change in a bus voltage by implementing a method as previously described.
- a turbomachine comprising: an electrical system as previously described; a first rotating body connected to the first generator; and a second rotating body connected to the second generator.
- Figure 1 illustrates an aircraft schematically.
- Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a propulsion assembly.
- Figure 3 schematically illustrates an electrical system.
- Figure 4 illustrates a mode of implementation of a control method according to this presentation.
- Figure 5 illustrates a mode of implementation of a control method according to this presentation.
- Figure 6 illustrates a mode of implementation of a control method according to the present presentation.
- Figure 7 illustrates a mode of implementation of a control method according to the present presentation.
- Figure 8 illustrates a mode of implementation of a control method according to this presentation.
- Figure 9 illustrates a mode of implementation of a control method according to this presentation.
- Figure 10 illustrates a mode of implementation of a control method according to this presentation.
- Figure 1 illustrates an aircraft 100 comprising at least one propulsion assembly 1, in this case two propulsion assemblies 1.
- the aircraft 100 shown is an airplane, civil or military, but could be any other type of aircraft 100, such as 'a helicopter.
- the propulsion assemblies 1 are attached and fixed to the aircraft 100, each under a wing of the aircraft 100, as visible in Figure 1. This is however not limiting, since at least one propulsion assembly 1 can also be mounted on the wing of the aircraft or at the rear of its fuselage.
- the aircraft 100 also includes a plurality of electrical loads (or receivers) 400 shown in Figure 3.
- Each electrical load 400 is a device powered by electrical energy and can be configured to transform the electrical energy which supplies it into another form of energy, such as heat or mechanical energy.
- Non-limiting examples of electrical loads 400 of the aircraft 100 are: an electric motor, a heating and/or air conditioning system, a compressor, etc.
- These electrical charges 400 make it possible in particular to ensure a certain number of functionalities, in flight and on the ground, such as the pressurization and/or illumination of the cabin of the aircraft 100, the operation of the cockpit, etc.
- the aircraft 100 comprises a plurality of electrical networks, including at least one direct current network.
- Each electrical network typically comprises a set of electricity conductors, typically a set of wire(s) or bar(s) and/or an assembly of wire(s) and/or one (or more) printed track(s) s) and/or any device used to conduct electricity.
- THE DC network only allows the circulation of electrical energy in the form of a continuous signal.
- the electrical energy consumed by the electrical loads 400 can, at least in part, be produced by the motor 2 of the propulsion assembly 1, described in more detail below, and more precisely by mechanical sampling from rotating bodies BP, Engine HP 2.
- Figure 2 illustrates a propulsion assembly 1 extending along a longitudinal axis X-X, and comprising an engine 2, which is a turbomachine, and a nacelle 3 surrounding the engine 2.
- the propulsion assembly 1 is intended to be mounted on an aircraft 100, for example in the manner illustrated in Figure 1.
- the propulsion assembly 1 may comprise a mast (not shown) intended to connect the propulsion assembly 1 to a part of the aircraft 100.
- the engine 2 illustrated in Figure 2 is a turbojet with a twin body, double flow and direct drive of the fan 20. This is, however, not limiting since the engine 2 can include a different number of bodies and/or flows, and /or be another type of turbojet, such as a turbojet with fan drive via a reduction gear, or a turboprop. Likewise, what is described is applicable to all types of turbomachine, that is to say a system allowing energy transfer between a rotating part and a fluid.
- an axial direction corresponds to the direction of the longitudinal axis XX and a radial direction is a direction orthogonal to the longitudinal axis XX and intersecting the longitudinal axis XX.
- an axial plane is a plane containing the longitudinal axis XX and a radial plane is a plane orthogonal to the longitudinal axis XX.
- a circumference is understood as a circle belonging to a radial plane and whose center belongs to the longitudinal axis XX.
- a tangential or circumferential direction is a direction tangent to a circumference: it is orthogonal to the longitudinal axis XX but does not pass through the longitudinal axis XX.
- the adjectives “interior” (or “internal”) and “exterior” (or “external”) are used in reference to a radial direction so that the interior part of an element is, in a radial direction, closer of the longitudinal axis XX as the exterior part of the same element.
- the engine 2 comprises, from upstream to downstream, a fan 20, a compression section 22 comprising a low pressure compressor 220 and a high pressure compressor 222, a combustion chamber 24 and a expansion section 26 including a high pressure turbine 262 and a low pressure turbine 260.
- Each of the low pressure compressor 220, the high pressure compressor 222, the high pressure turbine 262 and the low pressure turbine 260 includes a rotor part and a rotor part stator, the rotor part being capable of being rotated relative to the stator part around the longitudinal axis XX.
- the fan 20, the rotor part of the low pressure compressor 220, and the rotor part of the low pressure turbine 260 are interconnected by a low pressure shaft 280 extending along the longitudinal axis XX, thus forming a low body pressure (LP body) which is a first rotating body.
- the rotor part of the high pressure compressor 222 and the rotor part of the high pressure turbine 262 are interconnected by a high pressure shaft 282 also extending along the longitudinal axis XX, around the low pressure shaft 280, thus forming a high pressure body (HP body) which is a second rotating body.
- the compression section 22, the combustion chamber 24 and the expansion section 26 are surrounded by a motor casing 23, to which the stator parts of the low pressure compressor 220, of the high pressure compressor 222 are connected, of the high pressure turbine 262 and the low pressure turbine 260, while the fan 20 is surrounded by a fan casing 25.
- the motor casing 23 and the fan casing 25 are interconnected by profiled arms 27 extending radially and forming rectifiers (or OGV for “Outlet Guide Vanes” in Anglo-Saxon terminology), which are distributed circumferentially all around the longitudinal axis XX. At least some of these arms 27 can be provided structural.
- the longitudinal axis XX defines the axis of rotation for the fan 20, the rotor parts of the compression section 22 and the rotor parts of the expansion section 26, in other words for the LP body and the HP body, which are each capable of being rotated around the longitudinal axis XX relative to the motor casing 23 and the fan casing 25.
- the nacelle 3 extends radially outside the engine 2, all around the longitudinal axis XX, so as to surround both the fan casing 25 and the motor casing 23, and to define, with a downstream part of the motor casing 23, a downstream part of a secondary vein B, the upstream part of the secondary vein B being defined by the fan casing 25 and an upstream part of the motor casing 23.
- the upstream part of the nacelle 3 further defines an air inlet 29 through which the fan 20 sucks the air flow circulating through the propulsion assembly 1.
- the nacelle 3 is integral with the fan casing 25 and attached and fixed to the aircraft 100 by means of the mast.
- the motor 2 can also include at least one accessory box (not shown), called ⁇ GB (for “Accessory gear box” in Anglo-Saxon terminology), typically housed in a cavity provided within the nacelle 3.
- the box of accessories comprises a set of gears making it possible to rotate a plurality of shafts around their own axis, accessories being mounted on these shafts to derive useful mechanical power from their rotation.
- the set of gears is itself driven using a power take-off shaft (or RDS for “Radial Drive Shaft” in Anglo-Saxon terminology) connecting, possibly via a housing transfer (not shown), the accessory box has at least one of the high pressure body HP and the low pressure body LP, typically being meshed with at least one of the high pressure shaft 282 and the low pressure shaft 280.
- the power take-off shaft can extend inside a longitudinal cavity provided within one of the arms 27. In this way, mechanical power is likely to be taken from at least one of the high pressure body HP and the low pressure body LP to be delivered to at least one of the accessories via the accessory box.
- the motor 2 can also include a plurality of electrical loads 400, such as a starter, variable geometries or defrosting systems, which must also be supplied with electrical energy.
- the power supply of at least some of these electrical loads 400 can be in the form of a direct signal, typically a direct voltage.
- the blower 20 draws in a flow of air, a portion of which, circulating within a primary vein A, is successively compressed within the compression section 22, ignited within the combustion chamber 24 and relaxed within the expansion section 26 before being ejected out of the engine 2.
- the primary vein A passes through the engine casing 23 from side to side.
- Another portion of the air flow circulates within the secondary vein B which takes an elongated annular shape surrounding the engine casing 23, the air sucked in by the fan 20 being straightened by the rectifiers then ejected out of the propulsion assembly 1
- the propulsion assembly 1 generates thrust. This thrust can, for example, be used for the benefit of the aircraft 100 on which the propulsion assembly 1 is attached and fixed.
- Figure 3 illustrates an electrical system 4 distributed between the propulsion assembly 1 and the aircraft 100 for supplying electrical energy to the electrical loads 400 of the engine 2 and/or the aircraft 100, typically by means of the current network continuous.
- the electrical system 4 makes it possible in particular to create the interface between the rotating bodies BP, HP of the engine 2 and the electrical network of the aircraft 100.
- the electrical system is in particular configured to meet the electrical power requirements of the loads 400 of the aircraft 100 and/or the engine 2 by mechanical sampling on the engine 2, to assist the start-up and/or operation in flight of the engine 2 using electrical sources of the aircraft 100 and/or the engine 2, and/or to ensure power distribution between the rotating bodies BP, HP of the engine 2.
- engine 2 is electrically hybridized.
- the electrical system 4 comprises an electrical bus 40, or electrical power bus 40, connected to at least one electrical load 400 of the aircraft 100 and/or the engine 2, preferably a set of several loads 400 of the aircraft 100 and/or the motor 2, the bus 40 being configured to provide electrical power to the load 400 in the form of a continuous signal in particular to meet its power requirements.
- the bus 40 is configured to authorize the circulation of electrical energy in the form of a continuous signal.
- the bus 40 can, for example, comprise a set of electricity conductors, typically a set of wire(s) or bar(s) and/or an assembly of wire(s) and/or one (or more) tracks ( s) printed matter(s) and/or any device used to conduct electricity.
- the electrical system 4 further comprises several electrical converters 410, 420, 430, each connected to a respective electrical source 411, 421, 431, that is to say to an element configured to provide electrical power.
- the electrical sources 411, 421, 431 may be an alternating current generator 411, 421, and/or a direct current source 431.
- the alternating current generator 411, 421 and the direct current source 431 may belong to the motor 2, that is to say be controlled at the same time as the motor 2, or even be controlled by the motor 2. In this case these are electrical sources 411, 421, 431 of the motor 2.
- the direct current source 431 is not necessarily located in the motor 2 and can, for example, be housed in the mast making it possible to fix the motor 2 to the aircraft 100.
- the direct current source 431 belongs to the aircraft 100, c that is to say that it is piloted at the same time as the aircraft 100.
- the electrical system 4 can thus comprise a first converter 410 connected to a first alternating current generator 411, a second converter 420 connected to a second alternating current generator 421 and, optionally, a third converter 430 connected to a direct current source 431.
- the third converter 430 and the direct current source 431 are optional in the sense that, in certain modes of embodiment, they are absent or, in other embodiments, the direct current source 431 is unavailable.
- each of the converters 410, 420, 430 is, as visible in Figure 3, connected to the bus 40.
- At at least one, if not each, of the converters 410, 420, 430 is configured to regulate the bus 40 in voltage from, that is to say using, an electrical power supplied by the or the electrical source(s) 411, 421, 431 to which the converters 410, 420, 430 are connected.
- the number and type of converters 410, 420, 430 and electrical sources 411, 421, 431 is, of course, not limiting.
- Voltage regulation of bus 40 is critical. Indeed, the temporal evolution of the electrical voltage within the bus 40, during the operation of the electrical system 4, if it can occasionally vary around a given nominal value, must nevertheless remain within the limits of a template , which is the guarantee that all the elements which are connected to bus 40 work correctly.
- the template defines, in fact, the upper and lower limits of voltage excursion, as a function of time, during the operation of the electrical system 4.
- the template may include limits defined for normal and/or abnormal operating conditions, which limits surround, symmetrically or not, a nominal electrical voltage level of the bus 40.
- a limit of a template is typically represented as a line, broken or not.
- the limit does not define a constant electrical voltage value initially, in particular during the characteristic time of operation (or start-up) of the electrical system 4 or even during the time of establishment of a regime permanent in the event of a power transient, it is common for the limit to then define a constant electrical voltage value, in order to guarantee the stability of operation of the bus 40 and, therefore, of the electrical system 4.
- a template can, for example example, be defined in a standard relating to the quality of the electrical system 4 and/or the direct current network, but also be defined by a specification of an aircraft type vehicle to which the electrical system 4 is connected, typically the requirements of the manufacturer of the aircraft 100 and/or the engine 2 within which the electrical system 4 is integrated.
- the voltage regulation of the bus 40 makes it possible to respond to the power demands from the loads 400 connected to the bus 40.
- the quantity of power taken by at least one load 400 on the bus 40 is greater at the quantity of power injected onto the bus 40 by at least one converter 410, 420, 430, the voltage of the bus 40 decreases significantly.
- the quantity of power injected by at least one converter 410, 420, 430 on the bus 40 is greater than the quantity of power taken from the bus 40 by at least one load 400, the voltage of the bus 40 increases.
- regulating the voltage of the bus 40 makes it possible, in addition to ensuring the safety of the electrical system 4, to meet the power requirements of the loads 400.
- each of the converters 410, 420, 430 is configured to permanently adapt the power that it injects or draws from the bus 40, according to the voltage of the bus 40, so as to meet exactly the power requirements of the loads 400 connected to the bus 40 .
- This injection or withdrawal of power from the bus 40 by the converters 410, 420, 430 is notably enabled by their connection with the electrical sources 411, 421, 431.
- at least one, if not each, of the alternating current generators 411, 421 is connected to a rotating body BP, HP, of the motor 2 to allow an exchange of mechanical and/or electrical power between the rotating body BP, HP and the alternating current generator 411, 421, preferably to take mechanical power from the rotating body BP, HP and transform it into electrical power, which electrical power is then delivered to the first converter 410 and/or to the second converter 420 to be injected onto the bus 40.
- Each, or at least one, of the alternating current generators 411, 421 can, for example, be a synchronous machine with a wound rotor, typically comprising three stages, called VFG (for “Variable Frequency Generator” in Anglo-Saxon terminology), driven by at least one of the high pressure shaft 282 and the low pressure shaft 280 of the motor 2, typically via of the accessory box.
- VFG for “Variable Frequency Generator” in Anglo-Saxon terminology
- PMSM permanent magnet synchronous machines
- PMSM Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Drives
- asynchronous machines or “Induction machine” in Anglo-Saxon terminology) or with variable reluctance.
- the first alternating current generator 411 is connected to the HP body, while the second alternating current generator 421 is connected to the BP body, 280.
- the direct current source 431 can, for its part, comprise a battery, a supercapacitor, a direct current generator and/or a fuel cell.
- the direct current source 431 makes it possible in particular to relieve the rotating bodies BP, HP, or take over from them, when, for example, the sampling level required to meet the power requirements of the loads 400 is too high. high, but also makes it possible to absorb certain dynamics, such as sudden variations, in the behavior of loads 400.
- Figure 3 also illustrates that the electrical system 4 comprises a control device 412, 422, 432, 4000, connected to at least one, if not each, of the converters 410, 420, 430.
- the control device 412, 422, 432, 4000 illustrated in Figure 3 comprises a central member 4000 and a plurality of control members 412, 422, 432, each of the control members 412, 422, 432 being connected (or integrated ) to one of the converters 410, 420, 430.
- the control device 412, 422, 432 may only comprise the plurality of control members 412, 422, 432, each of the control members 412, 422, 432 being connected (or integrated) into one of the converters 410, 420, 430.
- the control device 412, 422, 432, 4000 is also advantageously configured to receive a signal V representative of a measurement of a voltage of the bus 40.
- the control device 412, 422, 432, 4000 can be connected to bus 40 or to a voltage sensor connected to bus 40, and receive from bus 40 (or from this sensor) the signal V.
- This signal V can be received via a physical or wireless link.
- This signal V represents in particular the evolution of the power requirements of the loads 400 connected to the bus 40.
- the signal V is typically a time signal, that is say providing (or representing) the evolution of the voltage of bus 40 as a function of time.
- loads 400 in particular so-called “active” loads 400, can exhibit this type of dynamic behavior, which can also vary during the different phases of flight.
- each of the converters 410, 420, 430 receives from the control device 412, 422, 432, 4000 a control signal CTRL_1, CTRL_2, CTRL_3 which is specific to it, and from which the converter 410, 420, 430 regulates the voltage of the bus 40.
- the combination of the voltage regulations of each converter 410, 420, 430 thus makes it possible to constantly monitor the power requirements of the loads 400.
- the central organ 4000 which is, in particular, configured to receive and then process the signal V.
- the central organ 4000 is configured to transmit to each of the organs of controls 412, 422, 432 a control signal CTRL_1, CTRL_2, CTRL_3, which can typically take the form of a control current, for controlling the converters 410, 420, 430.
- control is therefore carried out centrally.
- the control device 412, 422, 432 only includes the control members 412, 422, 432
- each of the control members 412, 422, 432 is configured to, in particular, receive and process the signal V, and control the converter 410, 420, 430. In other words, the control is then carried out in a decentralized manner.
- Figure 3 further shows the presence of a general controller 7, which can for example be all or part of the system providing the interface between the cockpit of the aircraft 100 and the engine 2 (or FADEC or "Full Authority Digital Engine Control”, in the Anglo-Saxon terminology), typically being the control unit of the engine 2, (or ECU for “Electronic Control Unit” in the Anglo-Saxon terminology), which is integrated into the FADEC.
- the general controller 7 is connected to the control device 412, 422, 432, 4000, in this case to the central organ 4000, but could alternatively be directly connected to each of the control organs 412, 422, 432 when the organ central 4000 is not present.
- the functions carried out by the central body 4000 are either carried out locally in the control bodies 412, 422, 432, or carried out by the general controller 7.
- the general controller 7 provides in particular the DFP data relating to the natural frequencies of the rotating bodies BP, HP, but also additional constraints to be respected by the electrical system 4 to meet the power requirements of the loads 400.
- the general controller 7 can transmit to the control device 412, 422, 432, 4000 a Cons instruction distribution of sampling between the rotating bodies BP, HP and the direct current source 431, and/or a threshold Se1, Se2, Se3 of maximum sampling on at least one, if not each, of the rotating bodies BP, HP and the direct current source 431, the threshold Se1, Se2, Se3 being, where applicable, specific to each rotating body BP, HP and to the source of direct current 431.
- the Cons distribution instruction indicates to the control device 412, 422, 432, 4000 the manner in which all of the power to be taken from the motor 2 to meet the needs of the loads 400 must be distributed between the rotating bodies BP, HP, and the direct current source 431, and can typically take the form of a percentage.
- the sampling thresholds Se1, Se2, Se3 provide, for their part, and for each of the electrical sources 411, 421, 431, the maximum value of the power that the control device 412, 422, 432, 4000 is authorized to have taken. by their respective converter 410, 420, 430; that is to say a first maximum power value that can be taken from the motor 2 by the first converter 410, via the first alternating current generator 411, a second maximum power value that can be taken from the motor 2 by the second converter 420, via the second alternating current generator 421, and a third maximum power value that can be taken from the direct current source 431 by the third converter 430.
- the threshold Se3 associated with the direct current source 431 can typically take the form of a charge or discharge current draw limit if the direct current source 431 is a battery.
- the control device 412, 422, 432, 4000 is then configured to control the converters 410, 420, 430 as a function of the DFP data relating to the natural frequencies of the rotating bodies BP, HP, of this distribution Cons setpoint and/or of these thresholds Se1, Se2, Se3.
- the DFP data relating to the natural frequencies of the rotating bodies BP, HP, the distribution setpoint Cons and/or the sampling thresholds Se1, Se2, Se3 transmitted by the general controller 7 can evolve over time and make it possible to ensure that each of the rotating bodies BP, HP and the direct current source 431 provide the power necessary for the loads by optimizing the operating point of the motor 2.
- these DFP data relating to the natural frequencies of the rotating bodies BP, HP, this Cons distribution instruction and/or these sampling thresholds Se1, Se2, Se3 may prove necessary to the extent that mechanical sampling has different consequences depending on the rotating body BP, HP from which the power is drawn.
- the electrical system 4 does not request, for example in torque, the rotating bodies BP, HP at frequencies close to these natural frequencies.
- the control method makes it possible to switch the unwanted frequency content from sampling on a rotating body BP, HP to another electrical source 411, 421, 431, which makes it possible to maximize the power drawn by the electrical system 4 from the rotating bodies BP, HP, without however risking reducing their lifespan.
- This control method allows the electrical system 4 to correct a difference (or error) noted between a reference V_ref, which depends on the voltage gauge of the bus 40, represents the state in which the bus 40 should be for normal operation and can be transmitted by the general controller 7, and a measurement of the voltage of the bus 40, which in turn represents the reality of the needs of the electrical loads 400 as they express it by injection or withdrawal of power on the bus 40.
- this control method by correcting this difference between the reference V_ref and the measurement of the voltage of the bus 40, ensures that the power requirements of the electrical loads 400 are met by the voltage regulation of the bus 40.
- a voltage signal V representative of a measurement of the voltage of the bus 40 is received.
- This voltage signal V can then be compared to the reference V_ref. If there is no difference between the reference V_ref and the voltage signal V, it is because the voltage of bus 40 does not need to be regulated. On the other hand, if a difference is noted, that is to say that the voltage of bus 40 has changed, it is necessary that the voltage of bus 40 be regulated. To do this, it is necessary to control the electrical sources 411, 421, 431, in order to achieve this voltage regulation.
- This control can, for example, consist of the transmission of a control current, control power or even control torque.
- control signals CTRL_1, CTRL_2, CTRL_3 will set the manner in which the electrical system 4, and more precisely the electrical sources 411, 421, 431, must adapt its operation to carry out this voltage regulation.
- an initial control signal I0 easier to manipulate by the control member, whether it is the central member 4000 or the control members 412, 422, 432, can advantageously be generated then processed according to the error noted in the voltage signal V relative to the reference V_ref.
- the processing can advantageously be implemented by an integral proportional type corrector. From there, a main signal IP controlling a withdrawal of mechanical power by the electrical system 4 on the electrically hybridized motor 2 is ready to reach the electrical system 4.
- This main control signal IP is representative of the correction to brought by the electrical system 4 to reduce, or even cancel, the difference between reference V_ref and measured signal, and thus compensate for the evolution of the voltage of the bus 40.
- this main control signal IP only sets the general setpoint at adopted by the electrical system 4, without discriminating the role that each of the members of the electrical system 4, and more precisely the electrical sources 411, 421, 431, will have to play in the voltage regulation of the bus 40.
- the main control signal IP is processed so as to extract a first frequency component CF1 corresponding to a natural frequency of a first rotating body, for example the body HP, and to generate a first filtered main signal IF1 deprived of the first frequency component CF1.
- a band-stop filter or a low-pass filter or even a plurality of band-stop and/or low-pass filters combined and/or associated with each other. to others. These filters can be of several types or orders.
- the filters can be of fixed structure, or have a variable topology depending on several parameters associated with the DFP data relating to the natural frequencies of the rotating bodies BP, HP, for example: the speed of the engine 2, at least one of the fuel flows in the combustion chamber 24, the position of variable geometries, the flight conditions of the aircraft 100, the level of mechanical power withdrawal from the rotating bodies BP, HP, etc. In this way, it is possible to take into account possible changes in the natural modes of the rotating bodies BP, HP in operation, and to adjust the exclusion of the first frequency component CF1 accordingly.
- a first subsidiary control signal CTRL_1 of a withdrawal of mechanical power by the electrical system 4, and more precisely by the first alternating current generator 411, on the first rotating body HP is generated from the first signal main filtered IF1.
- This generation of the first subsidiary control signal CTRL_1 can simply consist of formatting the first filtered main signal IF1 so that it corresponds to the specific constraints of the control member 412 associated with the first alternating current generator 411. Alternatively, or in addition, as visible in Figure 4, this generation can also be implemented from the first maximum sampling threshold Se1 authorized on the first rotating body HP, which can also typically be transmitted by the general controller 7.
- the first subsidiary control signal CTRL_1 therefore corresponds to the signal control transmitted to the control member 412 of the converter 410 connected to the first alternating current generator 411 drawing power from the first rotating body HP.
- a second subsidiary control signal CTRL_2 of a power draw by the electrical system 4 from an auxiliary power source BP, 431 is generated from the first frequency component CF1.
- the disturbing natural frequencies for the first rotating body HP which were contained in the main control signal IP, are rejected on the auxiliary power source BP, 431.
- the generation of the second subsidiary control signal CTRL_2, CTRL_3 can simply consist of formatting the first frequency component CF1 so that it corresponds to the specific constraints of the control member 422, 432 associated with the auxiliary power source BP, 431.
- this generation can in addition to being implemented from a maximum sampling threshold Se2, Se3 authorized on the auxiliary power source BP, 431, which can also typically be transmitted by the general controller 7.
- the auxiliary power source BP, 431 can be a second rotating body, typically the BP body, of the motor 2 but also be the direct current source 431.
- the second subsidiary control signal CTRL_2, CTRL_3 therefore corresponds to the control signal transmitted to the control member 422 of the converter 420 connected to the second alternating current generator 421 drawing power from the second rotating body BP or to the control member 432 of the converter 430 connected to the direct current source 431.
- Figure 5 illustrates that, in the case where the auxiliary power source BP, 431 is a second rotating body BP of the motor 2, the generation of the second subsidiary control signal CTRL_2 can include the filtering of the first frequency component CF1 so as to extract a second frequency component CF2 corresponding to a natural frequency of the second rotating body BP.
- the exclusion of the second frequency component CF2 can be implemented from the DFP data relating to the natural frequencies of the rotating bodies BP, HP, for example transmitted by the general controller 7, using filters equivalent to those already exposed.
- Figure 6 illustrates that a third subsidiary control signal CTRL_3 for drawing electrical power from the direct current source 431 can be generated from the second frequency component CF2.
- the third subsidiary control signal CTRL_3 therefore corresponds to the control signal transmitted to the control member 432 associated with the converter 430 connected to the direct current source 431.
- the annoying natural frequencies for the second rotating body BP which were contained in the first frequency component CF1 are rejected on the direct current source 431.
- the generation of the third subsidiary control signal CTRL_3 can be implemented from a maximum sampling threshold Se3 authorized on the current source continuous 431, which can also typically be transmitted by the general controller 7. Thanks to this variant of implementation, almost all the power required via the main control signal IP will actually be taken by the electrical system 4 on the electrical sources 411, 421, 431, which makes it possible to optimize the performance of the electrical system 4 for voltage regulation.
- Figure 7 illustrates a variant of the implementation mode illustrated in Figure 4, in which the auxiliary power source BP, 431 is a second rotating body BP of the motor 2.
- the main signal IP is also processed so as to extract a second frequency component CF2 corresponding to a natural frequency of the second rotating body BP and to generate a second filtered main signal IF2 deprived of the second frequency component CF2.
- the second filtered main signal IF2 is processed from the distribution instruction Cons for mechanical power sampling between the first rotating body HP and the second rotating body BP so as to generate a first filtered intermediate signal IIF1 for controlling a sampling of mechanical power by the electrical system 4 on the first rotating body HP and a second filtered intermediate signal IIF2 for controlling the sampling of mechanical power by the electrical system 4 on the second rotating body BP.
- the first subsidiary control signal CTRL_1 is generated both from the second frequency component CF2 and from the first filtered intermediate signal IIF1.
- the second subsidiary control signal CTRL_2 is generated from, in addition to the first frequency component CF1 as already described with reference to Figure 4, the second filtered intermediate signal IIF2.
- the second filtered main signal IF2 is freed from annoying frequency contents for the two rotating bodies BP, HP, which makes it possible to guarantee that the second filtered main signal IF2, which is processed by the distribution instruction Cons for mechanical power sampling between the first rotating body HP and the second rotating body BP, is safe.
- the frequency contents disturbing for one of the rotating bodies BP, HP are reintegrated into the control signal of the control member 412, 422 associated with the converter 412, 422 connected to the alternating power generator 411 , 421 on the other of the rotating bodies BP, HP, and vice versa.
- the generation of the first subsidiary control signal CTRL_1 and, respectively, of the second subsidiary control signal CTRL_2 can simply consist of the formatting of the first filtered intermediate control signal IIF1 and, respectively, of the second filtered intermediate control signal IIF2, so that it corresponds to the specific constraints of the control elements 412, 422 associated with the converter 412, 422 connected to the alternating current generators 411, 421.
- this generation can also be implemented, respectively, from the first maximum sampling threshold Se1 authorized on the first rotating body HP and the second maximum sampling threshold Se2 authorized on the second rotating body BP, which can also typically be transmitted by the general controller 7.
- Figure 8 illustrates a variant similar to the mode of implementation illustrated in Figure 7, except that the annoying frequency contents common to the rotating bodies BP, HP are filtered beforehand. Indeed, such frequency contents cannot be rejected on one or other of the rotating bodies BP, HP.
- the main signal IP is previously processed so as to extract at least a third frequency component CF3 corresponding to a natural frequency common to the first rotating body HP and the second rotating body BP and to generate a filtered intermediate main signal IP, in which the extraction of at least one of the first frequency component CF1 and the second frequency component CF2 is implemented by processing the filtered intermediate IP main signal.
- the exclusion of the third frequency component CF3 can be implemented from the DFP data relating to the natural frequencies of the rotating bodies BP, HP, for example transmitted by the general controller 7, using filters equivalent to those already exposed.
- FIG 9 illustrates a variant of the implementation mode illustrated in Figure 8, in which this annoying frequency content common to the two rotating bodies BP, HP is rejected towards the direct current source 431, in order to avoid a loss of power and thus improve the performance of voltage regulation.
- a third subsidiary signal CTRL_3 control of a sampling of electrical power by the electrical system 4 from a direct current source 431 is generated from the third frequency component CF3 extracted.
- the generation of the third subsidiary control signal CTRL_3 can be implemented from a maximum sampling threshold Se3 authorized on the direct current source 431, which can also typically be transmitted by the general controller 7.
- Figure 10 illustrates a variant of the implementation mode illustrated in Figure 4, in which all the disturbing frequency contents are rejected towards the direct current source 431, rather than directing them to the other rotating body HP, BP.
- the auxiliary power source BP, 431 is a second rotating body BP of the motor 2 and the main control signal IP is processed so as to extract a second frequency component CF2 corresponding to a natural frequency of the second rotating body BP and to generate a second filtered main signal IF2 deprived of the second frequency component CF2.
- a third subsidiary control signal CTRL_3 of a sampling of electrical power by the electrical system 4 from a direct current source 431 is generated from the first frequency component CF1 and the second frequency component CF2.
- the generation of the third subsidiary control signal CTRL_3 can be implemented from the maximum sampling threshold Se3 authorized on the direct current source 431, which can also typically be transmitted by the general controller 7.
- the exclusion of the second frequency component CF2 can be implemented from the DFP data relating to the natural frequencies of the rotating bodies BP, HP, for example transmitted by the general controller 7, using filters equivalent to those already exposed.
- Figure 10 also illustrates that the distribution instruction Cons for power sampling between the first rotating body HP, the second rotating body HP and the direct current source 431 can also be used. More precisely, the main control signal IP is previously processed from the distribution instruction Cons for power sampling between the first rotating body HP, the second rotating body BP and the direct current source 431, so as to generate a first filtered intermediate signal IIF1 for controlling a withdrawal of mechanical power by the electrical system 4 on the first rotating body HP, a second filtered intermediate signal IIF2 for controlling a withdrawal of mechanical power by the electrical system 4 on the second rotating body BP and a third filtered intermediate signal IIF3 for controlling the sampling of electrical power by the electrical system 4 from the direct current source 431.
- a first filtered intermediate signal IIF1 for controlling a withdrawal of mechanical power by the electrical system 4 on the first rotating body HP
- a second filtered intermediate signal IIF2 for controlling a withdrawal of mechanical power by the electrical system 4 on the second rotating body BP
- a third filtered intermediate signal IIF3 for controlling the sampling of electrical power by
- the extraction of the first frequency component CF1 is implemented by processing the first filtered intermediate signal IIF1
- extracting the second frequency component CF2 is implemented by processing the second filtered intermediate signal IIF2
- the generation of the third subsidiary control signal CTRL_3 is implemented from the third filtered intermediate signal IIF3.
- each converter 410, 420, 430 is controlled by its respective control member 412, 422, 432, using the subsidiary control signal CTRL_1, CTRL_2, CTRL_3 which is specific to it, in order to compensate for its part of the evolution of the tension.
- the mechanical sampling on the electrically hybridized motor 2 does not risk exciting the natural modes of the shafts 280, 282 of the motor 2, while minimizing the losses of power and therefore of performance associated with the exclusion of these specific modes in the implementation of the sampling.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2207834A FR3138471B1 (fr) | 2022-07-29 | 2022-07-29 | Procédé de contrôle d’un système électrique pour une turbomachine hybridée électriquement |
| PCT/FR2023/051116 WO2024023422A1 (fr) | 2022-07-29 | 2023-07-19 | Procédé de contrôle d'un système électrique pour une turbomachine hybridée électriquement |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4562287A1 true EP4562287A1 (fr) | 2025-06-04 |
Family
ID=84361976
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23751676.0A Pending EP4562287A1 (fr) | 2022-07-29 | 2023-07-19 | Procédé de contrôle d'un système électrique pour une turbomachine hybridée électriquement |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4562287A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119630870A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3138471B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024023422A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20100251726A1 (en) * | 2007-01-17 | 2010-10-07 | United Technologies Corporation | Turbine engine transient power extraction system and method |
| US7854582B2 (en) * | 2007-05-08 | 2010-12-21 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | Operation of an aircraft engine after emergency shutdown |
| US10443504B2 (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2019-10-15 | Ge Aviation Systems Llc | Method for allocating power in an electrical power system architecture |
| US12092038B2 (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2024-09-17 | Rtx Corporation | Rotor dynamics accommodation using electrical power assist |
-
2022
- 2022-07-29 FR FR2207834A patent/FR3138471B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-07-19 EP EP23751676.0A patent/EP4562287A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-07-19 WO PCT/FR2023/051116 patent/WO2024023422A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-07-19 CN CN202380057015.9A patent/CN119630870A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2024023422A1 (fr) | 2024-02-01 |
| CN119630870A (zh) | 2025-03-14 |
| FR3138471A1 (fr) | 2024-02-02 |
| FR3138471B1 (fr) | 2024-06-21 |
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