EP4555281A1 - Système de détection de défauts au sein d'un fluide en écoulement dans un circuit comprenant un équipement fluidique, et de prévention des pannes de l'équipement, afférentes aux défauts - Google Patents
Système de détection de défauts au sein d'un fluide en écoulement dans un circuit comprenant un équipement fluidique, et de prévention des pannes de l'équipement, afférentes aux défautsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4555281A1 EP4555281A1 EP24768084.6A EP24768084A EP4555281A1 EP 4555281 A1 EP4555281 A1 EP 4555281A1 EP 24768084 A EP24768084 A EP 24768084A EP 4555281 A1 EP4555281 A1 EP 4555281A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- math
- electrodes
- fluidic
- excitation
- equipment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/56—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects
- G01F1/64—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by using electric or magnetic effects by measuring electrical currents passing through the fluid flow; measuring electrical potential generated by the fluid flow, e.g. by electrochemical, contact or friction effects
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B51/00—Testing machines, pumps, or pumping installations
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2270/00—Control
- F05D2270/80—Devices generating input signals, e.g. transducers, sensors, cameras or strain gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F15/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus of groups G01F1/00 - G01F13/00 insofar as such details or appliances are not adapted to particular types of such apparatus
- G01F15/005—Valves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/40—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using electric means, e.g. by observing electric discharges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/20—Investigating the presence of flaws
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of monitoring fluidic equipment intended to be implemented in a fluidic circuit, in particular in an industrial installation.
- the invention relates more particularly to the detection of a defect of any type likely to be present in a fluid flowing in a fluidic circuit and capable of causing a breakdown or even breakage of fluidic equipment in said circuit.
- the invention can be applied to the monitoring of any type of fluidic equipment likely to be present in a fluidic circuit, in particular in an industrial installation.
- fluidic equipment is meant here and within the scope of the invention, any component or set of mechanical or electromechanical components likely to be implemented in a fluidic circuit. It can be a device with at least one rotating component that moves volumes of fluid continuously and/or discontinuously (pump) or uses the force of a fluid (turbine). It can be a device with a fixed or moving component that modifies the flow of a fluid, such as a valve, a check valve, a piston, an elbow, a swan neck. It can also be a conduit in the fluid circuit that has at least one unwanted leak. It can be a fluid conduit that presents a risk of clogging, jamming or fouling.
- any anomaly present in a fluid flowing in a fluid circuit which modifies the expected characteristics of the fluid, such as its temperature, its pressure, its flow rate, its viscosity, its single-phase behavior, as initially planned. It may be a foreign body suspended in a fluid flowing, such as a metallic body such as one or more welding residues, a bolt, etc. It may be agglomerate(s) of solid matter, a fouling of a wall, blockage by solid particles, clogging, or the formation of plug(s).
- Prior art Pumps are a key element of industrial installations, and are today, after electric motors, the second most manufactured device in the world. Pumps transport the fluids necessary for human activities, particularly industrial ones, such as most raw materials, water, fluids from the food industry, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, construction, paper, electronics, mining, fossil fuels, etc. A failure, including a breakage, on a pump can quickly lead to the shutdown of an entire factory, and thus generate very significant production downtime costs.
- the inventor was able to quantify with industrialists in a sector that approximately 5% of installations with new pumps were forced to be shut down upon first start-up due to the presence of metallic foreign bodies, such as welding residues, bolts, etc., which end up in the pumps and damage their mechanism.
- metallic foreign bodies such as welding residues, bolts, etc.
- the main causes of breakage in pumps are: - so-called cavitation phenomena, i.e. the presence of steam bubbles created by excessive suction power or by the absence of fluid at the suction of a pump, - the presence of foreign bodies, - blockages by solids.
- the subject of the invention is, according to one of its aspects, a system for detecting at least one fault, likely to be present in a fluid flowing in a fluidic circuit comprising at least one fluidic equipment and, where appropriate, at least one fluidic bifurcation upstream of the fluidic equipment, and for preventing breakdowns of the fluidic equipment inherent in the fault(s), comprising: - at least one electrical sensor comprising a plurality of electrodes distributed around a section of the fluidic circuit upstream of the fluidic equipment, with their end flush with the internal surface of the section; - an electronic circuit for controlling the electrodes and for tomographic measurement by electrical impedance, the circuit being adapted to respectively simultaneously excite the electrodes, and measure electrical impedance matrices of the fluid flowing in the section; - a signal processing unit, adapted to identify the fault(s) and/or reconstruct images of the fluid flowing in the section from the impedance matrix measurements of the electronic circuit; - an electronic unit for automatic control of a control member of the
- the fluidic equipment is a pump or a turbine, the control member being a frequency converter.
- the operation of the electronic unit for automatic control of the fluidic equipment is controlled by that of the signal processing unit.
- the system comprises a module to be arranged in the fluid circuit, upstream of the fluid equipment, the module comprising: - a conduit delimiting the fluid section, - a casing fixed around the conduit, housing the electrical sensor with the electrodes housed and fixed individually in a sealed manner in a through hole of the conduit.
- the casing houses a power supply port for the electrodes.
- the conduit comprises, at at least one of its ends, a flange for fixing to a conduit of the fluid circuit.
- the signal processing unit is adapted to implement a neural network for image reconstruction.
- ⁇ is a sign matrix defined such that: - if the excitation form [Math 2] is implemented, the i-th element of the j-th row of ⁇ is the sign of cosine([2 ⁇ /([j+1]/2)]*(i-1)/n e ) for odd j and the sign of sine([2 ⁇ /(j/2)]*(i-1)/ne) for even j, - if the excitation form [Math 5] is implemented, the opposite sign is assigned to the closest excitation electrode, in particular for a measurement electrode located at an equal distance between two excitation electrodes, the amplitude is experimentally measured to be of the order of O(10 ⁇ 7) A, corresponding to a negligible contribution to the data.
- the driving circuit is adapted to implement step a/ with the set of potentials Vn exc satisfying the condition: [Math 4]
- the electrodes of the electrical sensor are angularly distributed in a regular manner around the section of the fluid circuit upstream of the pump.
- the invention also relates to the use of the detection and prevention system as described above for measuring foreign bodies and/or measuring blockages, clogging, fouling induced by foreign bodies, cavitation, air bubbles, absence of fluid and the presence of gas.
- the invention also relates to an industrial installation, comprising at least one fluid circuit and a detection and prevention system as described above.
- the invention can be implemented in any fluid circuit, in particular in a factory or an industrial production site, in particular in the fields of food processing, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, chemistry and petrochemistry, water distribution and treatment.
- the invention therefore essentially consists of a system for detecting fault(s) likely to cause a breakdown, or even breakage, of fluidic equipment installed in a fluid circuit.
- the system comprises an electrical sensor with electrodes distributed, preferably regularly around a section upstream of the equipment and with their end flush with the internal wall of the section.
- Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) measurements are performed using either trigonometric signals or paired electrodes, implemented simultaneously for the excitation of all the electrodes or sequentially on a subset of electrodes.
- EIT Electrical Impedance Tomography
- This measurement allows non-invasive and non-destructive visualization, in real time and continuously, of the interior of the section and therefore of the fluid flowing within it, by measuring the electrical properties (electric potential and current).
- the analysis of the flow in the pipe is done either directly by the measured signals or by reconstruction of the electrical impedance map inside the section, by solving the inverse problem.
- the acquisition speed of the images reconstructed by the processing unit can be very high, typically up to 31250 images/second, which makes it possible to observe fluids circulating at a flow rate of up to 300 meters/second.
- an electronic unit will automatically control either a control device of the fluidic equipment or the fluidic equipment itself or, where appropriate, an upstream fluidic branch.
- This unit therefore makes it possible to modify the operating frequency of the fluidic equipment, control its operation or interrupt its operation so as to respectively prevent breakdowns of the fluidic equipment or physically extract one or more faults upstream of the fluidic equipment.
- the advantages of the invention which has just been described are numerous, among which we can cite: - a non-intrusive measurement in the fluid which does not create any pressure loss or accumulation of fouling; - a direct measurement of a fault causing a breakdown or even a breakage of fluidic equipment; - rapid detection and possible preventive action due to the possibility of acquiring measurements/images at a very high rate, up to 31250 images/second; - a robust system because it is reliable whatever the fluid used, even under very high pressure, typically up to 300 bars or even beyond, and/or at very high temperatures, typically up to 600°C or even beyond; - the possibility of detecting with the same system any type of defects, such as foreign bodies, blockages, fouling, clogging, air bubbles due to leaks or cavitation, unlike systems
- Figure 1 illustrates a fluid circuit comprising a pump, in which a flowing fluid likely to have a defect can be detected by a system for detecting and preventing pump failures according to the invention, comprising an electrical sensor with electrodes for an electrical impedance tomography measurement.
- Figure 2 schematically illustrates the hardware and software means of a system for detecting and preventing pump failures according to the invention.
- Figure 3 illustrates a module integrating an electrical sensor of a system according to the invention, which can be implanted directly in a fluid circuit, new or already existing.
- Figure 3A is a cross-sectional view of a module according to Figure 3, at the level of the electrodes of the electrical sensor.
- FIG 4 Figure 4 illustrates spatial cosine patterns.
- Figure 5 represents a part of an electronic circuit allowing the excitation of an electrode.
- Figure 6 illustrates a method for generating excitation signals for the electrodes of the electrical sensor according to a first variant of the invention.
- Figure 7 illustrates a method for measuring the signals generated by the electrodes.
- Figure 8 graphically represents excitation signals in the form [Math 2] and some of their properties.
- Figure 9 illustrates a sign matrix for a 16-electrode electrical sensor relating to excitation of the form [Math 2].
- Figure 10 illustrates a sign matrix for a 32-electrode electrical sensor relating to shape excitation [Math 2].
- FIG 11 illustrates images reconstructed respectively according to the state of the art and experimentally and simulated by neural network in a system according to the invention.
- Detailed description Figure 1 illustrates an example of implementation of a system 1 for detecting defects within a fluid flowing in a circuit 2 comprising a pump 20.
- This system also makes it possible to prevent breakdowns of the pump 2, relating to the defects according to the invention.
- the defects can be of all types, such as foreign bodies, in particular metallic ones, jams, clogging, air bubbles due to cavitation or leaks.
- the system 1 firstly comprises an electrical sensor 10, arranged in a section of the circuit 2 upstream of the pump 2. This electrical sensor 10 makes it possible to carry out measurements by Electrical Impedance Tomography of the fluid flowing in this section.
- a unit 11 allows the operational control of the frequency converter of the pump, according to the real-time measurements of the faults so as to prevent breakdowns of the pump 20, in function of the flowing fluid signals representative of one or more faults, as detailed below.
- the electrical sensor 10 comprises electrodes 100 angularly distributed in a regular or irregular manner, around the section 21 with their end flush with the internal surface of the section 21.
- the block diagram of the hardware and software means of the system 1 is illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the electrodes 100 are connected to a printed circuit 12 which is an electronic circuit for controlling the electrodes 100 and for tomographic measurement by electrical impedance, the circuit being adapted to respectively simultaneously excite the electrodes, and measure matrices of the electrical impedance of the fluid flowing in the section 21.
- a signal processing unit 13 makes it possible to identify the defect(s) and/or reconstruct images of the fluid flowing in the section 21 from the measurements of impedance matrices of the electronic circuit 12.
- An electronic automatic control unit 14 makes it possible, from a risk 13 identified or not for the pump 20, preferably by digital communication, to control the frequency converter of the pump, and more generally to carry out the supervision of the industrial installation in which the fluid circuit 2 is installed.
- Figures 3 and 3A illustrate an advantageous mode of integration in the form of a module M, of an electrical sensor 10 within a fluid circuit.
- the module M firstly comprises a conduit 22 delimiting the fluid section 21.
- a casing 23 fixed around the conduit 22, houses the electrical sensor 10 with the electrodes 100 housed and fixed individually in a sealed manner in a through hole 24 of the conduit.
- the casing 23 can house an electrical supply port 25 of the electrodes.
- the conduit 22 comprises at its two ends, a fixing flange 26 to a conduit of the fluid circuit.
- the driver circuit 12 may be connected to a data acquisition system.
- a display 11 may be used to view the data and the images produced from this data.
- the data acquisition system contains a Linux operating system (HOST) which controls a programmable logic network FPGA, also contained in the data acquisition system.
- the logic network can also operate with a microcontroller type chip.
- the acquisition system makes it possible to generate the analog excitation signals and to measure the analog measurement signals coming from the electrodes 2.
- the acquisition system can integrate for example a cRIO-9039 controller from the manufacturer National Instruments which includes a programmable logic network, NI-9262 modules from the manufacturer National Instruments for the generation of the analog excitation signals and NI-9223 modules from the manufacturer National Instruments for the measurement of the analog signals coming from the electrodes 100.
- a cRIO-9039 controller from the manufacturer National Instruments which includes a programmable logic network, NI-9262 modules from the manufacturer National Instruments for the generation of the analog excitation signals and NI-9223 modules from the manufacturer National Instruments for the measurement of the analog signals coming from the electrodes 100.
- the method of measuring and processing the signals implemented by the system for the detection of faults and the prevention of breakdowns of the pump according to the invention, will now be described. It is specified that beforehand the electrical sensor 10 is installed within the fluid circuit with the electrodes 100 arranged as indicated previously.
- Electrode Excitation A first step is to simultaneously excite all the electrodes 100 by a potential having a well-chosen shape
- the excitation according to the trigonometric pattern variant [Math 2] is as follows: for a number of ne electrodes, there are (ne – 1) linearly independent excitation patterns. Fourier basis functions are a natural choice to describe these linearly independent patterns, according to the equation: [Math 1] According to a first alternative, all the electrodes are excited simultaneously using trigonometric excitations. This set of simultaneous excitations is decomposed into spatial oscillations according to the Fourier basis and into temporal oscillations. Different frequencies are imposed in order to distinguish between the different trigonometric signals in frequency multiplexing.
- each electrode E n is associated with a static voltage V n sta .
- the set of the n th static voltages V n sta forms a set of sinusoidal and cosinusoidal functions having different spatial frequencies m.
- Figure 4 represents the spatial cosinusoidal patterns for m varying from 1 to 5. The sinusoidal patterns are not shown.
- the n th electrodes are arranged on the periphery ⁇ of the body, represented by the broken lines in Figure 4. The solid lines represent the excitation potential imposed on the electrodes.
- each simultaneous excitation potential Vn exc comprises a superposition of (ne – 1) trigonometric functions, each function oscillating at a particular frequency f m .
- the excitation signal of an electrode n is V n exc , defined by the following equation: [Math 3]
- V n exc we impose, simultaneously, each potential Vn exc (t) thus defined on each electrode E n .
- the excitation can be done on all the electrodes simultaneously or on a subset of electrodes sequentially. Measurement of electrical properties The electrical properties of the flowing fluid are then measured in section 21 using the electrodes 100.
- the unit 12 controls the programmable logic network of the acquisition system so as to generate 16 excitation signals having the properties described. These 16 digital signals are transformed into analog signals with the NI-9262 modules and transmitted by coaxial cables to the electrodes 100.
- the printed circuit 12 comprises an excitation circuit for each electrode 100, each of these circuits comprising a resistor R as illustrated in figure 5.
- the potential Vn exc is imposed on one side of the resistor R, the other side being connected to the electrode E n .
- Data processing In a fourth step, the data measured in the second step are processed in order to either directly provide information to a processing algorithm or to obtain a signed data matrix representative of an image. In a first sub-step of the fourth step of the measurement method, the data points Mn are calculated for each electrode n.
- the Fourier transform can be calculated at the frequency f 1 which corresponds to the frequency at which P Fourier coefficients are calculated.
- the frequencies fm of the voltages Vn exc are chosen to be harmonics of f1. This allows the measured signals to be distinguished.
- each coefficient k is associated with a particular frequency f m .
- the set of data points Mn(k) for all n and all k constitutes the measurement data.
- the excitation frequencies are determined as follows.
- the signals are chosen to be harmonics of the lowest generated frequency f1.
- the excitation amplitudes are determined as follows.
- the voltage generation and acquisition modules operate within a range of ⁇ 10 V.
- the amplitude A of the sinusoids must be significantly lower than the sum of the generated sinusoids due to constructive interference.
- the amplitude A of the signal must be as large as possible to minimize the signal-to-noise ratio.
- Another limit to be considered is the maximum permissible variation between two successively generated potentials.
- the rapid transition between positive and negative values of the signal prevents the occurrence of electrolytic effects. For example, an electrolysis phenomenon in water appears when a DC voltage greater than 1.2 V is imposed. This phenomenon does not appear for AC voltages greater than 1.2 V if these voltages vary sufficiently rapidly.
- a data matrix D is obtained from the data points Mn.
- a fixed-point data format of 20 bits allocated to the number, including 5 bits for the precision digits, can be used.
- the index n of the electrodes, between 1 and 16, and the Fourier coefficient k, between 1 and 15, can be described by binary numbers coded on 4 bits.
- the fixed-point format ⁇ s, b, p> is used with s: signed/unsigned; b: number of allocated bits; p: number of bits for precision.
- the Mn(k) data is encoded in U32 format.
- ne – 1 vectors can be concatenated into a data matrix D: [Math 13] if the excitation form [Math 2] is implemented, or [Math 14] if the excitation form [Math 5] is implemented.
- the method described in publications [2], [3], [4] results in 127 kB of data for an image, without additional information on the boundary conditions.
- the measurement method implemented by the system according to the invention allows a higher image acquisition rate and also allows the data size to be reduced by a factor ne / 2 compared to the method described in publications [2], [3], [4].
- Obtaining a signed data matrix In a third substep, a signed data matrix is obtained, which is representative of an image.
- the Fourier transforms give a modulus and a phase.
- the sign of each data point is estimated from the phase.
- phase shift is large, wrapping effects may make it impossible to reconstruct the sign of the data. This is because the phase is symmetric to a transformation of 2 ⁇ N, where N is an integer. If the phase is larger than 2 ⁇ , it is wrapped around itself.
- the following two cases have been identified: [Math 19] In the first case, the sign of the data points is calculated from the previous equation. The element of the signed data matrix corresponding to the k-th Fourier coefficient and the n-th electrode is then: [Math 20] In the second case, wrapping effects prevent the estimation of the sign of D n k . We then introduce a sign matrix ⁇ to assign an arbitrary sign to the data.
- the sign matrix ⁇ is more particularly defined so that its rows represent the signs of a cosine function alternating with those of a sine function having an integer number of periods on each row. The first two rows have a single period and the number of periods increases by one for each subsequent pair of rows.
- the rows of the sign matrix ⁇ are defined such that the i-th element of the j-th row is the cosine sign ([2 ⁇ /([j+1]/2)]*(i-1)/ne) for odd j and sine ([2 ⁇ /(j/2)]*(i-1)/ne) for even j.
- the first element of the first row of the sign matrix is the cosine sign(0), i.e. +.
- the sign of the fifth element of the first row is the cosine sign (2 ⁇ *[4/16]), i.e. 0.
- the first row of the sign matrix represents the signs of one period of a cosine function, i.e. the cosine signs (2 ⁇ *(i-1)/n e ) for the i-th element of the row.
- the second line represents the signs of one period of a sine function, i.e., the sine signs (2 ⁇ *(i-1)/n e ).
- the third line represents the signs of two periods of a cosine function, i.e., the cosine signs ([2 ⁇ /2]*(i-1)/n e ).
- the fourth line represents the signs of two periods of a sine function, i.e., the sine signs ([2 ⁇ /2]*(i-1)/n e ).
- the fifth line represents the signs of three periods of a cosine function, i.e., the cosine signs ([2 ⁇ /3]*(i-1)/n e ), and so on up to the (n e -1)-th line.
- the sign matrix takes the form shown in Figure 9.
- the sign matrix takes the form shown in Figure 10.
- the excitation form [Math 5] is implemented, the opposite sign is assigned to the closest excitation electrode, especially for a measurement electrode located equidistant between two excitation electrodes.
- the amplitude is experimentally measured to be of the order of O(10 ⁇ 7) A, corresponding to a negligible contribution to the data.
- the FPGA receives the data points 16 by 16 in a loop clocked at 1 MS/s to create 16 analog signals.
- the system is initialized. Initially, the FPGA is empty. The HOST loads the FPGA and then the NI-9262 modules are reset.
- an interrupt request is sent and received. A hardware interrupt is used to notify the HOST when the FPGA is ready to begin data acquisition. The FPGA waits for validation from the HOST to begin acquisition.
- a sampling verification is performed. A sample pulse generation function is called to begin data point generation. The frequency at which the function is called determines the sampling rate for data point generation.
- an I/O status write function is called at the same frequency to check the status of each generated sample.
- digital excitation signal functions are generated.
- the HOST commands the FPGA to begin generating the excitation signal functions.
- the analog excitation signals are generated.
- the sixteen excitation signals are sent to the electrodes.
- the HOST confirms signal generation and reports any errors at the HOST or FPGA level. Steps 1 and 2 are performed once at algorithm start. Steps 3 through 6 are iterated for each output point at the sample rate.
- the sampling frequency may be between 10 kHz and 500 MHz, preferably between 500 kHz and 50 MHz.
- Figure 7 represents an algorithm for processing data received from the electrodes 100.
- the measurement of voltages across the resistors R allows the Neumann boundary conditions to be deduced for the implementation of the image reconstruction algorithm.
- the acquisition rate of 1 MS/s on 16 channels corresponds to a data transfer rate of 320 MB/s.
- the use of fast Fourier transforms by considering only the Fourier coefficients related to a generated signal, allows the size of the data to be reduced without impacting their quality. This also acts as an effective band filter.
- the real-time calculation of 16 fast Fourier transforms requires a high computing capacity.
- the FPGA which allows the real-time and parallel transformation of signals into their Fourier components on several channels, is a suitable tool for carrying out this task.
- A the system is initialized.
- the FPGA resets the NI-9223 analog signal acquisition modules.
- a second step (B) the memories are configured.
- the HOST configures and starts a direct memory access to the FPGA.
- the FPGA configures and starts sixteen first-in-first-out queues to ensure the communication of the sixteen measurement channels with their fast Fourier transform calculations.
- a third step (C) an interrupt request is sent and received.
- a hardware interrupt ensures that the queues and the direct memory access are ready.
- D the sampling is checked.
- a sample pulse generation function is called to control the sampling frequency and an I/O status reading function is called at the same frequency to check the status of each sample and report a possible error to the HOST.
- a fifth step (E) the analog measurement signals are acquired.
- the I/O read function is configured to read a single sample from each channel of each NI-9223 module. This function is called at 1 MHz and regulated by the sample pulse generation function.
- a sixth step F the fast Fourier transform of each channel is calculated in a 1 MHz loop. The calculation time is determined by the number P of points considered for the Fourier transform. Once the P measured data points have been transferred for the Fourier transform calculations, the function returns the P Fourier coefficients one by one at each iteration of the Fourier transform loop.
- the amplitudes of the Fourier coefficients are calculated at a frequency of 1 MHz.
- the data addressing is performed.
- the amplitude data points in U32 format form, together with the corresponding Fourier coefficient (in U16 format) and the corresponding channel (in U16 format), a data element in U64 format.
- 16 elements for the 16 channels are written to the RAM for transmission to the HOST.
- the data matrix is built. The HOST waits for the RAM to collect at least 240 elements, representing a complete data image. The address of the nth electrode and the associated Fourier coefficient with the amplitude are used to form the data matrix D.
- the data matrices are recorded. The data are used to perform real-time image reconstruction or to be recorded.
- the image is based on a one-step least square iterative reconstruction algorithm, for example the algorithm described in publication [5].
- Real-time image reconstruction can generate on the order of a hundred images per second.
- a tenth step J the acquisition of the signals is confirmed and an error check is performed. The synchronization of the analog signal generation and measurement modules is checked and any errors are reported.
- Steps A to C are performed once when the algorithm is launched.
- Steps D to G are iterated for each output point at the sampling rate. Once a complete data matrix containing ne*(ne – 1) data points is acquired, the algorithm proceeds to step H. Steps H to J are iterated at the image acquisition rate.
- the sampling rate can be between 10 kHz and 500 MHz, preferably between 500 kHz and 50 MHz.
- Figure 8 shows, in the left-hand plots, the excitation signals for six of the sixteen electrodes. Each signal consists of a sum of 15 sinusoidal functions.
- the dashed lines represent the Fourier transforms of the voltages of the generated signals.
- Figure 11 illustrates the experimental images obtained by reconstruction using a neural network from the aforementioned measurement matrices of a water flow comprising plastic foreign bodies, according to the invention and, for comparison, the experimental images according to the state of the art. It is clear that the detection according to the invention is much more precise than according to the state of the art and corresponds almost perfectly to the experimental situation.
- the automatic control electronic unit 14 modifies or does not modify the operating frequency of the pump 20 or even interrupts it, so as to prevent any breakdown or even breakage of the latter.
- the invention is not limited to the examples which have just been described; it is possible in particular to combine characteristics of the illustrated examples within variants not illustrated.
- the method implemented by the system according to the invention can use acquisition systems other than that described.
- the system according to the invention can detect all types of defects, in particular a risk of breakage of the pump by cavitation due to lack of fluid. If in the illustrated example, the number of sensor electrodes is equal to 16 or 32, a smaller number, in particular 4 or 12 electrodes, or greater than 32 can be considered.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Testing Of Devices, Machine Parts, Or Other Structures Thereof (AREA)
- Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
- Control Of Non-Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2309346A FR3152591A1 (fr) | 2023-09-06 | 2023-09-06 | Système de détection de défauts au sein d’un fluide en écoulement dans un circuit comprenant un équipement fluidique, et de prévention des pannes de l’équipement, afférentes aux défauts. |
| PCT/EP2024/074956 WO2025051933A1 (fr) | 2023-09-06 | 2024-09-06 | Système de détection de défauts au sein d'un fluide en écoulement dans un circuit comprenant un équipement fluidique, et de prévention des pannes de l'équipement, afférentes aux défauts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4555281A1 true EP4555281A1 (fr) | 2025-05-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24768084.6A Pending EP4555281A1 (fr) | 2023-09-06 | 2024-09-06 | Système de détection de défauts au sein d'un fluide en écoulement dans un circuit comprenant un équipement fluidique, et de prévention des pannes de l'équipement, afférentes aux défauts |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4555281A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2025533868A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3152591A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2025051933A1 (fr) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB0013932D0 (en) | 2000-06-08 | 2000-08-02 | Bae Systems Plc | Method and apparatus for detection of structural damage |
| US20140154495A1 (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2014-06-05 | Mitsubishi Ryaon Co., Ltd. | Defect inspection apparatus and defect inspection method for porous hollow fiber membrane, porous hollow fiber membrane, and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP6379435B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-22 | 2018-08-29 | 株式会社プロプ | 導電性繊維を用いて形成される非接触形センサ |
| GB201416287D0 (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-10-29 | Univ Leeds | Tomography apparatus, multi-phase flow monitoring system and corresponding methods |
| FR3026443A1 (fr) | 2014-09-25 | 2016-04-01 | Marc Ginoux | Systeme de controle de pression destine aux groupes de pompages hydrauliques |
| CN111197581A (zh) | 2020-02-24 | 2020-05-26 | 上海城市排水设备制造安装工程有限公司 | 一种检测水泵导轴承磨损的组件 |
| FR3121234B1 (fr) * | 2021-03-26 | 2023-05-19 | Commissariat A L’Energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procédé de mesure par tomographie par impédance électrique |
| CN113466295B (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-10-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种用于小尺度管道内异质物识别的电特性检测方法 |
| CN113701989B (zh) * | 2021-08-27 | 2022-08-30 | 武汉大学 | 一种可模拟液柱分离的抽水蓄能模型试验装置及方法 |
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- 2023-09-06 FR FR2309346A patent/FR3152591A1/fr active Pending
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- 2024-09-06 WO PCT/EP2024/074956 patent/WO2025051933A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2024-09-06 EP EP24768084.6A patent/EP4555281A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-09-06 JP JP2025519847A patent/JP2025533868A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2025533868A (ja) | 2025-10-09 |
| FR3152591A1 (fr) | 2025-03-07 |
| WO2025051933A1 (fr) | 2025-03-13 |
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