EP4548502A1 - Procédé de gestion d'un système satellitaire de télécommunication par lien optique aidée par des modèles météorologiques pour une continuité de service - Google Patents
Procédé de gestion d'un système satellitaire de télécommunication par lien optique aidée par des modèles météorologiques pour une continuité de serviceInfo
- Publication number
- EP4548502A1 EP4548502A1 EP24751313.8A EP24751313A EP4548502A1 EP 4548502 A1 EP4548502 A1 EP 4548502A1 EP 24751313 A EP24751313 A EP 24751313A EP 4548502 A1 EP4548502 A1 EP 4548502A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- satellite
- station
- ground
- data
- optical link
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/1851—Systems using a satellite or space-based relay
- H04B7/18513—Transmission in a satellite or space-based system
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method of establishing communications by optical link between at least one satellite and a set of ground stations.
- the use of an optical link between a satellite and a ground station has the disadvantage of increased risks of outages due to the passage of a cloud on the line of sight between the station and the satellite.
- This risk of outage is significantly higher than on radiofrequency links. Indeed, in radiofrequency links, rain can degrade the signal but does not cut it off entirely, unlike the passage of a cloud for an optical link. Since the passage of a cloud is also much more frequent, this risk of outage is significantly higher than on radiofrequency links. Consequently, in order to ensure continuous service, it is necessary to use several ground stations in parallel and to determine at each moment the station that will be chosen to allow an optical link to be established with the satellite.
- Document EP 2873172 discloses an optical communication system comprising a constellation of satellites, each satellite comprising inter-satellite optical telescopes and uplink/downlink optical telescopes for communications with terrestrial sites, and in which the optical communication system is configured so that when the constellation of satellites passes in front of a given terrestrial site, one or more of the uplink/downlink telescopes of a satellite follow at least two terrestrial optical telescopes of the given terrestrial site and switch between terrestrial optical telescopes so as to send data to the one having the clearest direct visibility of the given satellite.
- This method therefore makes it possible to take into account cloudiness for establishing communication between a terrestrial site and a satellite.
- Also known from document AU2019363341 is a system for managing an optical terrestrial station comprising a device for monitoring low cloud cover, a device for determining high cloud cover from a meteorological satellite, and a device that superimposes data on low cloud cover and high cloud cover and controls the optical ground station from this information.
- the present disclosure improves the situation.
- the present invention aims to improve the quality of service by choosing more efficiently which ground station will be responsible for establishing optical communication with the satellite.
- an aim of the present disclosure is to enable the continuous maintenance of optical link communication between a plurality of ground stations and a satellite.
- a method of optical link communication between at least one satellite and a plurality of transmitting and/or receiving stations on the ground is proposed, the method being implemented by a computer and comprising: obtaining updated cloud cover data specific to each ground station, obtaining data relating to an orbit of the satellite, determining, for each ground station, taking into account the data relating to the orbit of the satellite and by applying at least one risk model, forecasts on the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link between the satellite and the ground station, based on the updated cloud cover data specific to each ground station, for at least two determined time horizons, short term and long term, said risk model being established on the basis of historical cloud cover data of the ground stations, and selecting at least one of the ground stations for establishing an uplink or downlink optical link communication with the satellite, this ground station being selected on the basis of the longest predicted duration for which it is possible to establish an uninterrupted optical link between the station and the satellite, from a specific time of establishment of the optical link, based on the forecasts over each of the two time horizons.
- said risk model provides predictions on the possibility of establishing the uninterrupted optical link, associated with a confidence index, the selection of said station also being carried out as a function of a duration of establishment of the future link and of the confidence index, a more or less low weight being respectively attributed to the duration of establishment of the future link depending on whether the confidence index is respectively more or less important.
- the satellite orbit is scrolling and imposes visibility time slots specific to each ground station, where communications are possible, said risk model being applied for a set of ground stations whose visibility time slots overlap.
- the selection comprises a plurality of ground stations for establishing optical downlink communications with the satellite, said ground stations being selected based on cumulative predicted durations for which uninterrupted optical links can be established between the ground stations and the satellite, starting from determined instants of establishment of optical links specific to each ground station and based on predictions, specific to each ground station, over two time horizons.
- the forecast determination step uses two separate risk models, of the neural network type, one of which is trained on the basis of historical data of local cloud covers of ground stations for the calculation of short-term forecasts and the other is trained on the basis of historical data of global cloud covers of ground stations for the calculation of long-term forecasts.
- the method further comprises a step of updating the historical cloud cover data by integrating the updated cloud cover data and a step of updating said risk model.
- the selection of at least one ground station comprises determining a communication sequence comprising a series of at least two ground stations used successively for establishing the uplink or downlink optical communication with the satellite, the sequence being determined so as to satisfy at least a first criterion relating to the absence of interruption of the optical communication during the sequence.
- the sequence is determined to further satisfy a second criterion relating to the number of station changes during the sequence.
- the updated cloud cover data obtained includes data acquired by ground-based cloud sensors, meteorological observation data obtained by at least one satellite, and data obtained by implementing numerical prediction models.
- the plurality of ground stations comprises a so-called current station in optical communication with the satellite during the implementation of the method
- the determination step comprises: a first determination of a possibility of establishing an optical link between the satellite and the current station during at least one determined time horizon, and; if an optical link between the satellite and the current station is predicted to be impossible at the time horizon: o implementing a second determination of a possibility of establishing an optical link between the satellite and the other ground stations during at least two determined time horizons, this second determination being followed by the selection of one among the other ground stations for the establishment of communication by optical link.
- the time of establishment of the optical link with the selected station is determined as a time prior to the time horizon for which an optical link is predicted to be impossible between the satellite and the current station.
- At least one of the time horizons considered during the second determination ends later than the time horizon considered for the first determination, and the method comprising implementing a first model trained for the first determination relating to the current station, and a second model trained for the second determination relating to the other stations.
- the method comprises: obtaining cloudiness observation data acquired by a sensor for the current station, and performing the first determination based on said cloudiness observation data, and obtaining meteorological observation data obtained by at least one satellite and covering a region including the other ground stations, and performing the second determination based on said meteorological observation data.
- the data relating to cloud cover in the vicinity of a ground station comprises a time series of data relating to cloud cover in the vicinity of a ground station acquired at a determined frequency.
- a computer program product comprising code instructions for implementing the method according to the preceding description, when it is implemented by a computer.
- a system for communication by optical link between a satellite and a plurality of transmitting and/or receiving stations on the ground comprising at least one control terminal comprising a computer and a memory, the control terminal being adapted to communicate with the stations on the ground, characterized in that it is configured to implement the method according to the preceding description.
- the method described above advantageously makes it possible to select a transmitting or receiving station on the ground for establishing a communication by optical link, respectively uplink or downlink, with a satellite, the selection of the ground station being carried out on the basis of short-term and long-term estimates of probabilities of cutoff of the optical link caused by cloud cover between all of the ground stations considered and the satellite.
- Another advantage of the present invention is that the calculation of a station availability for a satellite can be carried out for different time horizons, long term and short term and thus makes it possible to precisely adjust the transitions from one station to another as well as the number of transitions required.
- the availability calculation is here an estimation of the probability of availability at a given deadline.
- the prediction can advantageously be carried out on the basis of local sky observation data by a ground sensor and on the basis of larger scale data, acquired for example by satellite, which makes it possible to take into account two different observation scales and thus to obtain two long-term and short-term predictions with their respective accuracies.
- cloudiness prediction data obtained by numerical models, can also be used to determine the possibility of establishing optical communication between the satellite and the ground stations.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents an optical communication system according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 2 schematically represents the main steps of a communication method according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 3 schematically represents an example of selection of a sequence of ground stations for the establishment of optical communication.
- FIG. 4 schematically represents an example of implementation of the selection of a sequence of ground stations using two trained models.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of cloud cover data acquired by a cloud sensor.
- FIG. 6 schematically represents an example of a model trained to predict the possibility of establishing an optical link between the satellite and a ground station based on cloud cover data.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a neural network structure that can be used to predict the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link based on cloud cover data.
- FIG. 8 illustrates results obtained by implementing the method according to an exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 1 represents a system 1 for communication by optical link between at least one satellite 10 and a plurality of ground stations 20.
- the ground stations 20 may be transmitting stations, the communication then being a so-called “uplink” communication in which data is sent by the ground stations to a satellite, or receiving stations, the communication then being called “downlink”, in which data is sent by a satellite to the ground stations.
- Each ground station may be both a transmitter and a receiver, the roles of transmitter and receiver being variable depending on the communication needs.
- the optical link communication may comprise an uplink optical communication between one or more first transmitting ground stations and the satellite, then a downlink optical communication between the satellite and one or more second receiving ground stations.
- the communication may comprise an uplink optical communication between transmitting ground stations and the satellite, then a downlink communication by another means, typically by radio frequency communication, between the satellite and ground stations or user terminals 40.
- there may be an uplink radio frequency communication, and a downlink optical communication between the satellite and the ground stations.
- the ground stations 20 are advantageously in communication with each other by a terrestrial link, for example a wired communication of the optical fiber type.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented for communication by optical link with one or more geostationary satellites or via moving constellations.
- the satellites used to establish the optical connection link can have an orbit of the GEO (geostationary), MEO (medium earth orbit) or LEO (low earth orbit) type.
- GEO geostationary
- MEO medium earth orbit
- LEO low earth orbit
- the visibility windows of each ground station by each satellite are a function of the positions of the satellites in orbit and precisely known and determined in advance.
- a moving satellite can in particular control its pointing continuously towards a ground station, during a determined period of visibility between the satellite and this ground station.
- the pointing of a satellite towards a ground station is for example carried out by controlling the attitude of the satellite.
- the optical communication head on board the satellite is oriented relative to the body of the satellite, to point towards a ground station.
- the pointing of a satellite is modified successively to point successively to different ground stations.
- the optical communication head comprises, for example, an optical telescope.
- the communication system further comprises, for example, a control terminal 30, comprising at least one computer 31 and a memory 32, the control terminal 30 being adapted to communicate with the ground stations and to implement the method described below.
- the computer 31 may comprise one or more processors, microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processors, etc.
- the memory 32 comprises, for example, a non-volatile memory for storing code instructions that are executed by the computer for implementing the method.
- the memory stores, for example, at least one previously trained model for predicting the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link between the satellite and at least one ground station, as described in more detail below.
- the optical link communication system 1 further comprises at least one cloudiness sensor 50 positioned in the vicinity of at least one of the ground stations 20.
- a cloudiness sensor 50 is a ground sensor, oriented towards the sky, and adapted to acquire data relating to the instantaneous cloud cover, i.e. at the time of observation, in the portion of the sky located in the field of vision of the sensor.
- a sensor may comprise an infrared sensor associated with a computer configured to determine, from the information from the infrared sensor, optical thickness information represented by the cloud cover.
- FIG. 5 an example of data acquired by a cloudiness sensor is shown. The field of vision of the sensor corresponds to the circular area in the center of the figure.
- Each pixel contained in this circular area corresponds to a direction, defined by azimuth and elevation values, relative to the sensor.
- each pixel is associated with an optical thickness that depends on the thickness of the cloud layer present on the line of sight corresponding to this azimuth and elevation.
- the optical thicknesses are represented in shades of gray, but the information relating to the optical thickness at each pixel can take the form of a scalar value between two predetermined minimum and maximum limits.
- control terminal 30 is advantageously in communication with this or these sensors, for example by a wired connection, this communication being able to take place in real time or at a determined frequency.
- control terminal 30 may also receive cloud cover data acquired by a weather observation satellite 2, or cloud cover data corresponding to a weather forecast generated by a digital model (not shown).
- Each ground station may also be in communication with a proximity sensor, such as a ground cloud sensor, and a dedicated local processing terminal.
- This local processing terminal local processing then makes it possible to estimate the probabilities of feasibility of the optical link with the satellite at different time horizons. These probabilities are transmitted to another global processing terminal which will be responsible for deciding and selecting the ground station which will have to establish an optical link with the satellite during a future period of time. This advantageously makes it possible to minimize the volumes of data transmitted between the ground stations, their proximity sensor and the station management center.
- the risk model of each ground station will for example be defined according to the historical data of local cloud cover specific to each ground station.
- This method makes it possible to select at least one ground station 20 from a plurality of stations to establish uninterrupted optical link communication with the satellite 10, on the basis of cloud cover data of the ground stations.
- the method makes it possible to select a sequence S of several ground stations 20 successively used for establishing optical communication, so as to ensure continuous communication despite cloud cover of certain stations, this cover being variable over time.
- the method comprises obtaining 100 data relating to the cloud cover of a set of ground stations 20.
- This data may for example comprise, for a ground station considered, an indication of the cloud cover for a plurality of directions from the station, each direction being determined by azimuth and elevation values.
- this data may comprise, for a ground station considered, and where appropriate for at least one direction determined from this station, a time sequence of data describing the temporal evolution of the cloud cover, the time sequence covering a determined duration and comprising data acquired at a determined frequency.
- This frequency may for example be between one acquisition every thirty seconds and one acquisition every ten minutes.
- the determined duration is for example between a few minutes and several hours.
- data relating to the cloud cover of the ground stations are acquired continuously at a determined frequency, and transmitted to the control terminal 30 in real time or at a fixed time interval.
- the cloud cover data advantageously comprises image-type data acquired by cloud sensors located in the vicinity of the ground stations considered.
- the vicinity is meant that the distance between the cloud sensor and the ground station is sufficiently small so that the cloud cover information from the sensor is also applicable to the station.
- this distance is less than 100 meters, advantageously less than 50 meters, very advantageously between 0 and 10 meters.
- such a sensor 50 provides, for a plurality of directions relative to the sensor, an optical thickness value.
- OD is the optical thickness
- attenuation is the attenuation evaluated in decibels.
- Communication via optical link is typically considered possible when the attenuation due to clouds is less than a threshold of 3 dB.
- the attenuation is greater, the optical link can be considered impossible.
- turbulence there are other disturbances to be taken into account, such as turbulence, not related to the optical thickness which could justify taking more margin.
- the data relating to cloud cover comprise data, of the image type, of observation of cloud cover acquired by at least one satellite 2 observing a region of the Earth integrating one or more ground stations of the set considered.
- the data obtained by a meteorological observation satellite 2 may also comprise data of the infrared image type which are processed to calculate an optical thickness represented by the cloud cover, which is as previously converted into an attenuation value caused by the clouds.
- An observation satellite for example, has a resolution of the order of 0.05 degrees or even lower, which is equivalent to pixels of size 5 km or even of the order of a kilometer, at the equator, the pixels representing larger areas as one moves away from the equator.
- the data obtained include both data acquired by cloudiness sensors 50 adjacent to the ground stations and data obtained by a weather observation satellite 2.
- the cloudiness sensors are able to provide local data, particularly relevant in the short term, while satellite data are regional data making it possible to determine longer-term trends, which are thus complementary.
- the cloudiness sensors providing local data allow a more precise evaluation of the coverage on the line of sight between the ground station and the satellite.
- the cloud cover data may also include cloud cover forecast data for a given geographic area, such data being obtained by applying numerical simulation models, such as the models used for weather forecasting.
- the method also comprises obtaining 200, by the control terminal 30, data relating to an orbit of the satellite considered, this data making it possible to determine, taking into account the geographical locations of the ground stations, a subset of ground stations with which the satellite is likely to establish communication by optical link in the absence of cloud cover.
- the satellite stores data accumulated on several different orbits corresponding to several orbital periods.
- the satellite regularly shifts, relative to the Earth, from one orbit to another.
- the data stored on board the satellite can be emptied once or twice a day, which amounts to establishing an optical link approximately every 15 orbits for a satellite at an altitude of approximately 600 km, considering for example about ten candidate ground stations during this day.
- This subset of stations can be variable in time in the case of a moving satellite, i.e. non-geostationary, but in this case, the orbit of the satellite being known, the composition of the subset of stations with which communication by optical link is possible, in the absence of cloud, is known for the current position of the satellite as for future positions.
- the challenge is then, among all the candidate ground stations, to select enough ground stations with the choice of the associated communication slot during the passage of the satellite, in order to guarantee a total communication duration on the horizon, for example to guarantee the emptying from the satellite of a pre-established volume of data.
- the planner then ensures that the stations are available, and reserves enough communication slots where the feasibility prediction is good to guarantee the emptying.
- ground stations can be selected on the basis of cumulative predicted durations for which it is possible to establish uninterrupted optical links between ground stations and a satellite, from determined instants of establishment of optical links depending on visibility slots and depending on cloud cover forecasts, taking into account two time horizons.
- the data relating to the orbit of the satellite can be recorded in the memory 32 and the computer 31 can access it in step 200 to determine, among the set of stations for which data relating to the cloud cover are obtained in step 100, a subset of stations with which the satellite can establish communication by optical link during a determined time interval.
- the time interval is for example a time interval of a determined duration from the moment at which the method is implemented.
- the computer 31 determines during a step 300, from the cloud cover data obtained, forecasts relating to the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link between the satellite and at least one ground station, for at least two determined time horizons, respectively short-term and long-term.
- the terms “short-term” and “long-term” are interpreted relatively, that is to say that the first time horizon is shorter than the second.
- the first time horizon can be between 0 and 10 minutes, for example between 30 seconds and 5 minutes.
- the second time horizon, long-term can be between 30 minutes and 3 hours, or even between 30 and 90 minutes.
- this step is implemented for each ground station of the subset of stations determined from the information obtained on the position of the satellite.
- time horizon is used to describe a time interval between a current time, typically corresponding to the time of implementation of the method, and a future time, the time interval being of determined duration. It is therefore understood that the “long-term” time horizon preferably strictly includes the “short-term” time horizon.
- the calculator 31 is therefore configured to predict the risk that there is at least one interruption of the optical link between the satellite 10 and the ground station 20 considered during this time interval.
- the calculator 31 is configured to determine a probability that there is at least one interruption during the time horizon considered, and apply a thresholding to the probability to obtain a binary indication on the possibility, or not, of establishing the optical link continuously during the time horizon.
- This step 300 of determining the forecasts relating to the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link is implemented by applying, to the cloud cover data obtained in step 100, at least one risk model M, for example by a neural network previously trained on historical cloud cover data for a set of ground stations.
- the historical cloud cover data used for training the model comprise historical cloud cover data from all the ground stations for which current cloud cover data is obtained in step 100.
- this historical data may relate to ground stations different from those for which the data relating to the cloud cover is obtained in step 100.
- the historical cloud cover data used for training the risk model M advantageously comprise, for a ground station considered, time sequences of data comprising an indication of cloud cover or attenuation determined, at a determined sampling frequency, for example between a few seconds and a few minutes, for example of the order of 30 seconds to 2 minutes.
- these time sequences of data comprise indications of cloud cover or attenuation, determined for a plurality of directions from the ground station considered.
- these historical cloud cover data may be data obtained by ground cloud sensors neighboring the stations considered, and/or meteorological observation data obtained by satellite.
- the step 300 of determining the forecasts relating to the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link is implemented by applying two distinct models, for example by neural networks, in which a first model is configured for calculating short-term forecasts, i.e. at the first time horizon, and the second model is configured for calculating long-term forecasts, i.e. for at least a second time horizon subsequent to the first.
- a first model is configured for calculating short-term forecasts, i.e. at the first time horizon
- the second model is configured for calculating long-term forecasts, i.e. for at least a second time horizon subsequent to the first.
- the first short-term model makes it possible to determine the risk of outage, for example on a link in use, and provides a more high accuracy
- the second model, long term aims for example to make an initial selection of a new station, when a significant risk of outage appears on the current station.
- the network which uses short-term information and long-term information advantageously allows to minimize the number of changes of current ground stations.
- These risk models can be established from the same historical cloud cover data.
- the risk model configured for the calculation of short-term forecasts can be established from local historical data, i.e. obtained by ground cloud sensors
- the risk model configured for the calculation of long-term forecasts can be established from regional historical data, i.e. satellite observation data.
- step 300 of predicting the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link between the satellite and ground stations makes it possible to obtain, for each ground station, represented by the terms OGS1 ...OGSn, an indication relating to the possibility of establishing a link with the satellite in an uninterrupted manner for the at least two time horizons considered.
- OGS1 ...OGSn an indication relating to the possibility of establishing a link with the satellite in an uninterrupted manner for the at least two time horizons considered.
- FIG. 3 a number n of ground stations and a set of time horizons H1,...Hj are schematically represented.
- Step 300 of determining the forecasts relating to the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link therefore makes it possible to determine, for example: that an uninterrupted optical link is possible for a short-term time horizon H1 for the first station, that this is not the case for the second station, that an uninterrupted optical link is also possible for a long-term time horizon H2 for the last station.
- the method then comprises a step 400 of selecting at least one ground station 20 for establishing a communication by optical link with the satellite 10, from the forecast information relating to the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link obtained in step 300 for each of the time horizons considered.
- the station is selected on the basis of the longest duration expected, considering the long-term forecasts, for which it is possible to establish an uninterrupted optical link between the station and the satellite, from a determined instant of establishment of the optical link.
- This instant of establishment of the optical link may be a current instant, in particular in the case where the station considered is a so-called "current" station, for which a communication by optical link is already established with the satellite and for which the risk of outage is imminent, according to the short-term forecasts.
- this establishment time can be a later time, which is between the current time and a time horizon for which a risk of outage is established for the current station. or, in other words, at which optical connection is predicted to be impossible, according to short-term forecasts.
- the step 400 of selecting a ground station 20 for establishing a communication by optical link with the satellite 10 comprises the determination of a communication sequence S comprising a series of at least two ground stations 20 used successively for establishing a communication by optical link with the satellite 10, the sequence S being determined so as to satisfy a criterion relating to the absence of a communication outage during the sequence.
- the sequence may for example comprise the determination of a first ground station with which the communication is established, for which no outage is planned during a first time horizon, then a second station for which no outage is planned between the end of the first time horizon and the end of a second time horizon, subsequent to the first.
- the sequence S can also be determined so as to respect a second criterion relating to the number of station changes during the sequence, this second criterion being for example to minimize the number of station changes, or to respect a maximum number of station changes, during the sequence.
- the first criterion relating to the absence of a break during the sequence takes priority over the second criterion.
- a sequence S is determined in which: the first ground station OGS1 is used for communication until a time corresponding to a risk of communication being cut off, and from this time, the communication is switched to the second station OGS2 for which no risk of cut off is identified from this time and up to a later time horizon.
- the third OGSn station which is represented is not selected because, although no risk of outage is expected for this station at the time when the risk of outage is established for the first station, the time horizon for which the link is uninterrupted is shorter than for the second station, which implies more changes of stations.
- the step 300 of determining predictions on the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link between the satellite 10 and each of a plurality of ground stations 20 comprises a first determination 310 of the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link between the satellite and a single ground station, which is the current station with which an optical link is already established, for at least one determined time horizon.
- the determination step comprises a second determination 320 of a possibility of establishing a communication by optical link between the satellite and the other ground stations for at least two time horizons considered, comprising a short-term time horizon and a long-term time horizon.
- the step 400 of selecting from among said other stations, at least one station 20 for establishing the optical link, the switch between the current station and the selected station taking place before the end of the time horizon H P considered for the first determination and preferably as soon as the second station has been selected.
- the step 400 of selecting a ground station 20 for establishing a communication by optical link with the satellite 10 can comprise the selection of a sequence S of stations satisfying the criterion or criteria mentioned above.
- stations No. 2 and n shown both have a short-term time horizon corresponding to a possible optical link at the time of this second determination, but that station No. 2 also has a long-term horizon corresponding to a possible optical link, unlike station n. Consequently, it is the second station that is selected.
- the method returns to the first determination 310 for the current station, which is iterated again until a risk of outage is established for the station considered, as represented by the repetition of the arrows "p" for the second station OGS2.
- steps 100 of obtaining data relating to cloud cover and 200 of obtaining data relating to the orbit of the satellite are not represented in FIGS. 3 and 4, it is understood that the set of ground stations considered for the potential establishment of an optical link is updated over time, as a function of the data relating to the position of the satellite obtained in step 200, and that the cloud cover data for these stations is also updated by repetitions of the step 100 of obtaining data relating to cloud cover.
- the first determination 310 relating to the current station is implemented by applying a first model, this first model having been previously trained on historical cloud cover data from a set of stations, to predict the possibility of establishing an uninterrupted optical link between the satellite and the same given station during a determined time horizon.
- This time horizon may be short-term, and is shorter than the longest time horizon considered during the second determination 320 relating to the other stations, the historical cloud cover data used for training the model, then the cloud cover data used for inference of the model, may be local data obtained by a cloud sensor close to the station considered.
- This example does not, however, exclude the possibility that the training data and the data used for inference also include satellite observation data and/or data obtained by digital simulation.
- the learning database can exclusively comprise data sequences covering a duration greater than or equal to the time horizon considered, and comprising data acquired at a determined frequency during this duration, the first data of the sequence of which correspond to an absence of cloud cover, i.e. to a possible optical link between the satellite and the station.
- the second determination 320 relating to the other stations and the selection of a second station to continue the communication can be implemented by applying a second model, trained to perform these tasks. Since the second determination is implemented by considering at least two time horizons, at least one of which preferably ends later than the time horizon considered for the first determination, the historical cloud cover data used for training the model, then the cloud cover data used for inference of the model, can be regional data obtained by a weather observation satellite. This data can be supplemented by data acquired by cloud sensors and/or data obtained by numerical simulation. In the case of local sensors, such as cloud sensors, the volume of data generated is proportional to the number of sensors for the stations concerned, unlike the first model which uses satellite data.
- the historical cloud cover data and the cloud cover data used for model training and inference respectively can be data from cloud sensors, which allows the same data to be used for both models.
- the first determination 310 relating to the current station, the second determination 320 relating to the other stations and the selection 400 of a ground station 20 for establishing communication by optical link can be implemented by the same model that may have been the subject of a first training for example for the second determination 320 and the selection 400 of a ground station 20 for the establishment of a communication by optical link, then of a reinforcement learning to implement the first determination 310 with precision.
- Reinforcement learning allows an agent to learn to operate the system.
- Such an agent could decide, at each time step, to stay or to change station, such an agent also being able to choose the next station.
- Such learning would include in particular the risk of cut-off which would correspond to a case of very strong penalization for the agent in question. In this case the same agent would translate a risk model on the two time horizons, short term and long term.
- the method may also include updating the historical cloud cover data as new data is obtained, as well as updating the model(s) presented above, based on this data and the deviation between the model predictions and the reality of the cloud cover data observed after implementing the method.
- the data used as input to each model are data sequences, for example of the image type, acquired at an acquisition frequency of 1, for example every 30 seconds, by cloudiness sensors near respective ground stations.
- the data sequences cover, for example, a period of 5 minutes.
- the pixels of the images include, for example, colors representative of the observed cloudiness.
- Each pixel represents, for example, a pair (azimuth, elevation).
- each pixel corresponds to an optical thickness (a scalar between 0 and 5) which depends on the thickness of the cloud present on each pixel.
- the data is for example preprocessed to remove unnecessary areas of the images, that is to say at least the edges of the image outside the circular area visible in the example of figure 5.
- Preprocessing may also be performed, for example, to extract from the data sequence a succession of samples corresponding, for at least one given direction relative to the sensor, to the time series of data acquired by the sensor for this direction.
- This preprocessing may, for example, be implemented by using the TFRecord data format of the TensorFlow software suite, making it possible to store the training samples in an optimized manner.
- the earth observation satellite data are for example of the image type in the visible or invisible spectrum, such as infrared rays.
- the satellite images are processed by known methods for generating satellite images.
- the satellite images provided are for example centered around the point of interest which is the station.
- the satellite images used are for example in the form of a matrix.
- the data, for example of the raster image type, used for training neural networks, for updating neural networks and for predictions made with neural networks are for example of the same type.
- the updated data are for example used to calculate an inference of a network and make a prediction.
- the archive data make it possible to calculate inferences in the past, in order to verify predictions. Gradient descent and the associated algorithms are for example used for the learning phase.
- TensorFlow implements for example automatic differentiation, which uses the calculation to determine the gradients, in general, to calculate the gradient of the error.
- the error calculated at the output is for example back-propagated in the neural network, during the learning phase or during an update of the neural network.
- the two models used can be implemented, for example, by neural networks, for example of the convolutional type, receiving as input the sequences of preprocessed images mentioned above, referenced “I”, presented for example in the form of a matrix and producing as output a matrix of scalars between 0 and 1, where each element of the matrix corresponds to the same pixel position of the input images, therefore for example to the same direction relative to the cloud sensor, and determining whether or not the link is feasible over time intervals of [t, t+k] minutes with k e ⁇ 1,5,10,15,20,30,60,90 ⁇ minutes. Each time interval therefore corresponds to a time horizon considered by the model.
- FIG. 7 An example of a neural network structure that can be used is shown in Figure 7.
- This network comprises a succession of convolutional layers (the number of input channels “ch” and the dimension of the convolution kernel “kernel” are indicated under each layer) followed by an activation layer involving for example the ReLu function.
- the number of channels at the output of the network indicated by “frame_out” corresponds to the number of intervals that we wish to predict at the output of the network.
- the network is therefore configured so that there remain “frame_out” layers (or “channels” in English) at the output of the network and thus have the desired format at the output.
- the network can also comprise a cropping layer to reduce the output to pixels corresponding to a direction greater than a given elevation threshold.
- the output of the network corresponds to the output of a sigmoid function.
- the inputs of the network therefore include 11 matrices of real numbers, representing the optical thickness on each pixel of an image acquired by a cloud sensor, of size 460x640.
- the 11 matrices correspond to the images acquired every 30 seconds for five minutes between the last five minutes and the current time when the forecast is made.
- the outputs of the network include a number of matrices equal to the number of time horizons considered, for example 8 according to the example above, each matrix comprising scalar elements between 0 and 1 estimating the probability that the line of sight in the direction corresponding to the element of the matrix is continuously cloud-free over the time horizon considered.
- the learning database for training the first model could for example be reduced to data for which the optical link is initially possible.
- a threshold is for example applied to the scalar output to raise an alert, which triggers the call to the second model.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Astronomy & Astrophysics (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2307360A FR3151452B1 (fr) | 2023-07-17 | 2023-07-17 | Procédé de gestion d'un système satellitaire de télécommunication par lien optique aidée par des modèles météorologiques pour une continuité de sevice. |
| PCT/FR2024/050964 WO2025017259A1 (fr) | 2023-07-17 | 2024-07-12 | Procédé de gestion d'un système satellitaire de télécommunication par lien optique aidée par des modèles météorologiques pour une continuité de service |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4548502A1 true EP4548502A1 (fr) | 2025-05-07 |
Family
ID=88689566
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24751313.8A Pending EP4548502A1 (fr) | 2023-07-17 | 2024-07-12 | Procédé de gestion d'un système satellitaire de télécommunication par lien optique aidée par des modèles météorologiques pour une continuité de service |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4548502A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3151452B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2025017259A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8913894B2 (en) | 2012-07-13 | 2014-12-16 | Raytheon Company | High-bandwidth optical communications relay architecture |
| US9871578B2 (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2018-01-16 | Hughes Network Systems, Llc | Clear sky determination in uplink power control using dual time constants |
| WO2020080373A1 (fr) | 2018-10-15 | 2020-04-23 | 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構 | Système de gestion opérationnelle de station optique au sol, dispositif de planification d'opération optique et procédé et programme de gestion fonctionnelle de station optique au sol |
| CN111314981A (zh) * | 2020-02-20 | 2020-06-19 | 北京华力创通科技股份有限公司 | 用于馈电链路切换的终端重选方法及装置 |
| CN111460196A (zh) * | 2020-05-21 | 2020-07-28 | 南京大学 | 一种基于深度学习的云层变化趋势预测方法 |
| GB2611788B (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2024-02-07 | Res & Innovation Uk | Prediction of fade outages |
-
2023
- 2023-07-17 FR FR2307360A patent/FR3151452B1/fr active Active
-
2024
- 2024-07-12 WO PCT/FR2024/050964 patent/WO2025017259A1/fr active Pending
- 2024-07-12 EP EP24751313.8A patent/EP4548502A1/fr active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2025017259A1 (fr) | 2025-01-23 |
| FR3151452A1 (fr) | 2025-01-24 |
| FR3151452B1 (fr) | 2025-07-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| FR3103295A1 (fr) | Méthode d’association d’équipements d’utilisateurs dans un réseau cellulaire au moyen d’un apprentissage par renforcement multi-agent | |
| FR2762731A1 (fr) | Procede et systeme permettant de repondre a un environnement de blocage dans un systeme de telecommunications | |
| FR2696851A1 (fr) | Procédé de calcul de la position d'un mobile par un récepteur GPS. | |
| EP1283646B1 (fr) | Système et procédé de planification de réseau de télécommunications | |
| FR3113328A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif de prédiction d’une condition météorologie sur un réseau routier | |
| EP3343247A1 (fr) | Procede d'ajustement optimal de bornes d'erreurs give ou de calcul optimal des variances de residus de points igp d'une grille ionospherique de correction d'un systeme sbas et systeme sbas de mise en oeuvre dudit procede | |
| FR3066664A1 (fr) | Station sol multi-antennes pour mettre en oeuvre un basculement transparent avec diversite depuis un satellite defilant de depart vers un satellite defilant de destination, et procede de basculement correspondant | |
| WO2022195231A1 (fr) | Systeme de detection de la trajectoire d'objets mobiles | |
| EP3957028B1 (fr) | Procédé de prédiction d'une qualité de signal et/ou de service et dispositif associé | |
| EP2579062A1 (fr) | Système d'augmentation spatial adapté pour améliorer la précision et la fiabilité des données délivrées par un système de navigation par satellites, et procédé associé | |
| FR2736498A1 (fr) | Procede de systeme de prediction de parametres pour reetablir une liaison de communication dynamique interrompue temporairement | |
| EP4548502A1 (fr) | Procédé de gestion d'un système satellitaire de télécommunication par lien optique aidée par des modèles météorologiques pour une continuité de service | |
| FR3019408A1 (fr) | Procede de prevision de rayonnement solaire au sol au voisinage d'un site | |
| EP1664833B1 (fr) | Procede pour detecter la presence ou l'absence d'un terminal mobile sur un chemin | |
| EP1731918A1 (fr) | Procede d'acquisition de signaux dans un systeme global de navigation par satellite et dispositif de mise en oeuvre | |
| EP1875634B1 (fr) | Procede de synchronisation et d'asservissement dans les systemes de communications sans fil | |
| EP3633876A1 (fr) | Système de traitement et d'observation pour la mise en oeuvre de l'observation de la terre, architecture d'observation et procédé d'observation associés | |
| EP3921234B1 (fr) | Systèmes informatiques pour l'acquisition d'images satellitaires avec prise en compte de l'incertitude météorologique et dispositif de calcul de plan mission pour satellite correspondant | |
| FR3082624A1 (fr) | Dispositif de prediction de couverture nuageuse pour reseau de stations optiques terriennes | |
| Le Son et al. | Optical feeder links to GEO satellites: Statistical analysis of link availability using deep learning-based cloud segmentation data | |
| EP4557634A1 (fr) | Contrôle d'accès dynamique d'au moins un terminal de communication aux ressources de communication satellite d'une constellation de satellites défilants | |
| EP4548504A1 (fr) | Procédé et système de collecte de données par voie optique | |
| FR3112396A1 (fr) | Procédé et dispositif d’obtention d’une position géographique d’un véhicule situé dans une zone non couverte par un système de positionnement par satellite. | |
| WO2015173366A1 (fr) | Système, pour un terminal mobile, d'aide à la sélection d'une infrastructure de radiocommunication; ensemble et procédé associés | |
| Cros et al. | Day time cloud forecasting for space-to-ground optical communication optimization |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20250129 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20250822 |