EP4543584A1 - Réacteur catalytique à lit fixe en phase liquide - Google Patents
Réacteur catalytique à lit fixe en phase liquideInfo
- Publication number
- EP4543584A1 EP4543584A1 EP23734600.2A EP23734600A EP4543584A1 EP 4543584 A1 EP4543584 A1 EP 4543584A1 EP 23734600 A EP23734600 A EP 23734600A EP 4543584 A1 EP4543584 A1 EP 4543584A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tube
- reaction zone
- liquid
- zone
- cross
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J4/00—Feed or outlet devices; Feed or outlet control devices
- B01J4/001—Feed or outlet devices as such, e.g. feeding tubes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J7/00—Apparatus for generating gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
- B01J8/009—Membranes, e.g. feeding or removing reactants or products to or from the catalyst bed through a membrane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2204/00—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices
- B01J2204/005—Aspects relating to feed or outlet devices; Regulating devices for feed or outlet devices the outlet side being of particular interest
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/02—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles
- B01J2208/021—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor with stationary particles comprising a plurality of beds with flow of reactants in parallel
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of catalytic reactors in particular using solid catalysts.
- the invention will find its application more particularly for the implementation of reactions in the liquid phase resulting in the formation of a gas phase, for example processes for the dehydrogenation of a liquid resulting in the formation of a gas from a ( or more) liquid reagent(s).
- the invention can be applied for example to dehydrogenation reactions of liquid organic hydrogen carrier type molecules (or LOHC for “Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers” in English) such as the dehydrogenation reaction of butanediol (BDO) to y-butyrolactone (GBL).
- BDO butanediol
- GBL y-butyrolactone
- the invention can also be applied to decarbonylation (formation of CO) and decarboxylation (formation of CO2) reactions of carboxylic acid.
- LOHC hydrogen carriers were developed to enable the storage and transport of hydrogen within a liquid. To recover the dihydrogen, it is necessary to pass the charged carrier medium through a reactor to allow the release of gaseous dihydrogen.
- This tube-and-shell type reactor has a plurality of tubes arranged in an enclosure and oriented horizontally.
- the tubes, where the chemical reaction takes place, are semi-filled with a solid catalyst.
- the gas produced will be separated from the liquid vector since it will, by gravity, occupy the free space above the catalytic bed.
- This reactor however has the disadvantage of being able to have a catalyst poorly distributed along each tube for example following manipulations of the reactor, but also if the catalyst is entrained by the gas during the reaction for example by a local fluidization phenomenon, this which would also have the effect of having a degradation of the catalyst. This leads to a loss of contact between the catalyst and the reagent and therefore to a drop in yield.
- the aim of the present invention is to propose a solution which makes it possible to propose a reactor which makes it possible to optimize the energy and chemical yield of the process.
- a horizontal fixed bed catalytic reactor in the liquid phase comprising a reactor tube extending along a longitudinal axis oriented horizontally comprising an inlet intended to allow the entry of a liquid reagent , an outlet intended to allow the exit of a liquid product, an evacuation intended to allow the exit of a gaseous product discharged from the liquid reagent, a reaction zone extending along the longitudinal axis of the reactor tube and configured to receive a fixed bed of catalyst and a circulation of the liquid reagent and the liquid product, a circulation zone of the discharged gaseous product extending along the longitudinal axis of the reactor tube, and a porous material arranged so as to form an interface of the circulation zone and the reaction zone, the circulation zone and the reaction zone being arranged parallel to each other, the circulation zone being stacked above the reaction zone.
- the reactor according to the invention makes it possible to keep the catalyst separate from the circulation zone which is free and therefore reserved for the circulation of the gas formed by the reaction.
- the porous material confines the catalyst in the reaction zone.
- the porous material ensures physical separation of the reaction zone and the circulation zone.
- the catalyst is correctly distributed in the reaction zone without risk of displacement by the gas, by manipulation of the tube or by the liquid reagent or the liquid product.
- the reactor according to the invention also makes it possible to resolve the problem of loss of contact between the liquid reagent and the solid catalyst since the volume of gas produced is separated by gravity.
- Another aspect relates to a reactor system comprising an enclosure extending along a longitudinal axis receiving several catalytic reactors as described above, the catalytic reactors are arranged parallel to each other, their longitudinal axis arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the enclosure, advantageously horizontally.
- Figure 1 represents a longitudinal sectional view of a catalytic reactor according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 2 represents a developed view of the surface of a catalytic reactor according to Figure 1.
- Figure 3 represents a sectional view A-A of a catalytic reactor according to Figure 1.
- Figure 4 represents a longitudinal sectional view of a catalytic reactor according to a variant of the first embodiment illustrated in Figure 1.
- Figure 5 represents a longitudinal sectional view of a catalytic reactor according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 6 represents a sectional view B-B of a catalytic reactor according to Figure 5.
- Figure 7 represents a longitudinal sectional view of a reactor system according to the invention of tube/calender type in a reactive liquid and thermal fluid co-current configuration.
- Figure 8A represents a C-C sectional view of the reactor system according to Figure 7 illustrating a cover plate at the inlet of the liquid reagent.
- Figure 8B represents a sectional view D-D of the reactor system according to Figure 7 illustrating a cover plate at the outlet of the liquid product.
- Figure 9 shows a developed view of the surface of a reactor system according to Figure 7.
- the drawings are given as examples and do not limit the invention. They constitute schematic representations of principle intended to facilitate the understanding of the invention and are not necessarily on the scale of practical applications.
- the cross-sectional area of a reactor tube includes the cross-sectional area of the circulation zone and the cross-sectional area of the reaction zone.
- the cross-sectional area of the reaction zone represents a maximum of 95% of the cross-sectional area of a reactor tube, preferably 90%.
- the cross-sectional area of the reaction zone represents at least 10% of the cross-sectional area of a reactor tube, preferably 20%, preferably 50%.
- the catalyst of the fixed bed is in the solid form of granules or powder with a particle size less than one centimeter, preferably between 200pm and 5mm.
- the porous material has a pore size smaller than the particle size of the catalyst.
- the porous material has a pore size configured to allow the circulation of the gaseous product.
- a pore size configured to allow the circulation of the gaseous product.
- the inlet and the outlet are arranged respectively at a longitudinal end of the tube.
- the inlet and outlet are arranged along the longitudinal axis of the tube.
- the evacuation is arranged in the upper part of the tube, advantageously in a direction radial to the tube.
- the evacuation is arranged along an axis transverse to the longitudinal axis of the tube.
- the catalytic reactor comprises an inlet plate arranged at the inlet of the tube comprising a first opening arranged opposite the reaction zone so that the liquid reagent enters the tube through the reaction zone.
- the cross-sectional area of the first opening represents 100% of the cross-sectional area of the reaction zone.
- the catalytic reactor comprises an outlet plate arranged at the outlet of the tube comprising a second opening arranged facing the reaction zone so that the liquid product and possibly the unreacted liquid reagent exit the tube through the reaction zone.
- the cross-sectional area of the second opening represents 100% of the cross-sectional area of the reaction zone.
- the catalytic reactor comprises a porous plug, advantageously non-reactive, that is to say not containing catalyst, arranged in the reactor tube at the outlet intended to maintain the fixed bed of catalyst in the reaction zone and to allow the exit of the liquid product and possibly the unreacted liquid reagent.
- the catalytic reactor comprises retention elements arranged in contact with the porous material in the circulation zone and having an inclination with the porous material so as to capture the liquid reagent or the liquid product passing through the porous material to redirect it towards the reaction zone.
- the retention elements 14 form an angle greater than 0° and less than 180° with the porous material 7.
- the retention elements 14 are oriented towards the entrance 2.
- the catalytic reactor comprises a thermal energy source configured to provide heat to the reaction zone 5.
- the system includes a thermal energy source configured to provide heat to the reaction zone.
- the term 'top' and 'bottom', or their derivatives means a quality of relative positioning of an element of the reactor or the reactor system when it is installed functionally, the 'top' being oriented away from the ground and the 'bottom 1 being oriented towards the ground.
- the upper end is at the top and the lower end is at the bottom.
- vertical we mean that which is parallel to the direction of gravity given in particular by the plumb line and horizontal that which is perpendicular to the vertical.
- the top and bottom being vertically opposed.
- transverse is meant a direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction.
- a cross section is a section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
- Upstream and downstream, entry, exit, at a given point are taken with reference to the meaning circulation of the fluid.
- a parameter “substantially equal/greater/less than” or “of the order of” a given value is meant that this parameter is equal/greater/less than the given value, to within plus or minus 10%, or even to plus or minus 5% of this value.
- hot, cold, cooled we mean a relative temperature compared to another point in the system.
- porosity of a material we mean the volume not occupied by the solid matter of the material, relative to the apparent volume of the material. This volume proportion can be occupied by vacuum, gas or a liquid. This proportion is delimited by a plurality of cavities.
- open porosity we designate a complex cavity which communicates with the outside, the environment of the material.
- the cavities can have dimensions of the order of a millimeter to a few hundred nanometers.
- a porous material with so-called “open” porosity designates a material having a porosity at least partly in communication with the environment of the material. Thus a gas can pass through the open material.
- the porosity of the material may in particular be greater than 30%, or even 40%, or even 60%, or even 70% of the apparent volume of the material.
- the porous material is understood as a material comprising pores and allowing the separation of a gas and a liquid advantageously depending on their size and possibly on the size distribution of the pores.
- the porous material does not transport the gas by diffusion nor by a difference in pressure, concentration or electric potential.
- Porous material is not dense.
- the catalytic reactor does not include a gas-selective membrane or a gas-permselective membrane.
- selective membrane is meant a membrane having a permeability which is exercised selectively, particularly with respect to gases.
- the interface formed between the circulation zone and the reaction zone does not include a gas-selective membrane or a gas-permselective membrane, the interface is formed only of porous material as described below.
- the invention relates to a liquid phase horizontal fixed bed catalytic reactor.
- the catalytic reactor according to the invention allows the formation of a gas phase.
- the catalytic reactor according to the invention is configured to receive a solid catalyst forming a catalytic bed arranged horizontally. By this we mean at least that the circulation of the liquid reagent in the reactor is intended to be oriented in a horizontal direction.
- the catalytic reactor according to the invention is configured to ensure the chemical reaction of a liquid reagent in contact with a catalyst to produce a gaseous product and a liquid product.
- the liquid reagent is for example a charged liquid vector intended to be discharged or also called a charged liquid carrier medium.
- the liquid reagent is an organic hydrogen storage liquid, for example in the form of a cyclic hydrocarbon or a linear diol.
- the carrier medium is a hydrogen-carrying medium which is chemically bonded to it.
- LOHC liquid organic hydrogen carrier
- the gaseous product is for example hydrogen or carbon monoxide or even carbon dioxide.
- the liquid reagent also produces a liquid product.
- the liquid product is for example the discharged liquid vector or also called discharged liquid carrier medium.
- the catalyst is for example chosen from a co-precipitated catalyst of CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 or supported metal (Cu, Co, Pt, Rh, Pd, Ru, Ni).
- the support can be an oxide (Al2O3, SiC>2, CeC>2, TiC>2), carbon or a composite support (AhCh-TiC ⁇ for example).
- the catalyst is advantageously in a solid form such as for example granules or powder with a particle size less than a few centimeters, preferably less than a few millimeters, and preferably between 1 pm and 5 mm, more precisely between 200 pm and 5mm.
- the catalyst has a spherical shape, or granule, ring or compressed type and alternatively in the form of a catalyst deposited on a ceramic or aluminum monolith type structure or metal foam type (steel, aluminum).
- the reactor according to the invention comprises a reactor tube 1 extending along a longitudinal axis 8.
- the tube 1 is arranged horizontally, that is to say that the longitudinal axis 8 of the tube 1 is oriented horizontally.
- the tube 1 has a hollow profile preferably of circular section to form a cylindrical tube.
- a hollow profile preferably of circular section to form a cylindrical tube.
- other hollow profile shapes for example presenting a Square, rectangular, triangular, pentagonal, hexagonal or other polygonal outline are also possible.
- Tube 1 can also have an oval contour.
- Tube 1 includes an inlet 2 intended to allow entry of the liquid reagent, also called charged liquid vector.
- the tube 1 also includes an outlet 3 intended to allow the exit of the liquid product, also called the discharged liquid vector.
- the tube 1 also includes an evacuation 4 intended to allow the exit of the gaseous product, in particular discharged from the charged liquid carrier, preferably from the circulation zone 6.
- the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 are arranged at each of the ends of the tube 1.
- the tube 1 comprises two opposite opening ends advantageously forming respectively the inlet 2 and the outlet 3 of the reagent and/or the liquid product.
- the evacuation 4 of the gaseous product is advantageously formed in the upper part of the tube 1 and preferably at one end of the tube 1 in particular at the emerging end forming the outlet 3.
- the tube 1 is formed of a envelope 38 which is advantageously partially open on its upper part to form the evacuation 4.
- the evacuation 4 is for example formed by perforations of the envelope 38 of the tube 1 or by a grid arranged in an opening formed in the envelope 38 of tube 1.
- the evacuation of the gaseous product is carried out by the evacuation 4 at the upper periphery 41 of one end of the tube 1.
- the evacuation 4 is formed on a sector of the envelope 38 called upper 41, because it does not extend not below a median plane intersecting the section of tube 1 in the middle.
- the evacuation of the gaseous product is advantageously done in a radial direction 9 to the tube 1, more precisely the radial direction 9 is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 8 of the tube 1.
- the tube 1 comprises a reaction zone 5 intended to receive the catalytic bed.
- the reaction zone 5 extends into the tube 1.
- the tube 1 comprises an envelope 38 defining an interior volume 39 in which the reaction zone 5 is arranged.
- the reaction zone 5 extends in one direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 8 of the tube 1.
- the reaction zone 5 extends between the inlet 2 of the liquid reagent and the outlet 3 of the liquid product.
- the reaction zone 5 is advantageously also configured to allow the circulation of the liquid reagent and the liquid product. This arrangement ensures optimal contact between the catalyst and the liquid reagent.
- the reaction zone 5 is configured to prevent the liquid reagent then the liquid product from passing into the circulation zone 6 of the tube 1.
- the size of the pores of the porous material 7 described below is smaller than the particle size of the catalyst, the Passing the liquid reagent then the liquid product from the reaction zone 5 to the circulation zone 6 would result in a pressure loss which does not favor said passage.
- the reaction zone 5 advantageously rests on the lower part 40 of the tube 1.
- the catalyst being solid, it is placed at the bottom of the interior volume 39 of the tube 1 and rests on the lower part 40 of the envelope 38 of the tube 1.
- the tube 1 also includes a circulation zone 6 of the gaseous product.
- the circulation zone 6 extends in the tube 1, that is to say in the interior volume 39 defined by the envelope 38 of the tube 1.
- the circulation zone 6 extends in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 8 of the tube 1.
- the circulation zone 6 is advantageously formed in the upper part 41 of the tube 1.
- the gas produced or discharged from the liquid reagent rises by gravity in the upper part 41 of the tube 1.
- the circulation zone 6 is advantageously empty, that is to say, it does not include a catalyst or solid material ensuring free circulation of the gas produced.
- the circulation zone 6 is advantageously free of catalyst or porous material 7.
- the circulation zone 6 advantageously extends to the evacuation 4 and preferably from the end of the tube 1 forming the inlet 2 of the liquid reagent.
- the circulation zone 6 and the reaction zone 5 are advantageously arranged parallel to each other.
- the circulation zone 6 is stacked above the reaction zone 5.
- the tube 1 comprises a porous material 7 arranged in the interior volume 39 to at least form an interface between the reaction zone 5 and the circulation zone 6.
- the porous material 7 makes it possible to physically separate the reaction zone 5 comprising the catalyst from the circulation zone 6 of the gas.
- the catalyst is confined in the reaction zone 5 without risk of being displaced during the movement of the reactor or during the circulation of fluids (liquid and gas) in tube 1.
- the porous material 7 is configured to be impermeable to the catalyst.
- the porous material 7 has a pore size smaller than the particle size of the catalyst.
- This arrangement advantageously allows the liquid reagent circulating in the reaction zone 5 not to be diverted towards the circulation zone 6, that is to say does not “by-pass” the reaction zone 5 in favor of the circulation zone. 6.
- This configuration thus ensures optimal contact between the catalyst and the liquid reagent.
- the porous material has a pore size of a dimension greater than a few tens of nanometers and less than 1 millimeter, preferably less than 200 micrometers, more precisely less than 100 micrometers, more precisely less than 50 micrometers.
- the porous material has a pore size one dimension larger than the equivalent diameter of most gas molecules.
- the equivalent diameter of most gases being of the order of a few Angstrom (10' 1 ° m)
- the pore size is greater than 10 nm and for example greater than a micrometer.
- the gaseous product for example dihydrogen H2
- the gaseous product is separated from the liquid phase, that is to say from the liquid reactant and the liquid product by gravity and passes physically through the porous material 7 since the diffusion of the gaseous product and in particular of hydrogen is quick and easy due to the size of the molecule. It is not necessary to impose a pressure difference on either side of the porous material 7 so that the gas is separated from the reaction zone 5.
- the porous material 7 only forms the interface between the reaction zone 5 and the circulation zone 6.
- the interior volume 39 of the tube 1 comprises from bottom to top, the reaction zone 5 advantageously comprising the catalytic bed, then the porous material 7, then the circulation zone 6.
- the catalytic bed is formed by the catalyst in solid form as described above filling the volume of the reaction zone 5.
- the porous material 7 is configured to have a pore size less than the particle size of the catalyst so as to maintain the catalyst in the reaction zone 5.
- the catalytic bed is formed by the catalyst deposited on a solid structure 43 filling the volume of the reaction zone 5.
- the solid structure 43 is for example of the monolith type in ceramic or aluminum or metal foam in steel or aluminum. According to this possibility, the porous material 7 is configured to have a pore size smaller than the open porosity of the solid structure 43 receiving the catalyst.
- the porous material 7 forms an upper interface 42 with the circulation zone 6 and advantageously a lower interface 44 with the reaction zone 5.
- the porous material 7 can be a structured packing such as blocks adjusted to the interior volume 39 of the tube 1, plates, sheets or meshes, or an unstructured packing of the Raschig ring type made of ceramic material in stoneware or porcelain, or steel, or Berl or Intalox® saddle type in ceramic.
- the porous material 7 can also be a metal foam made of steel, titanium or aluminum or a PORAL® type sintered metal made of steel, nickel or bronze.
- the porous material 7 and the solid structure 43 are of the same nature, but preferably have different pore sizes so that the size of the pores of the porous material 7 is less than the size of the pores of the solid structure 43.
- the upper interface 42 of the porous material 7 with the circulation zone 6 is for example flat and extending advantageously along the longitudinal axis 8 of the tube 1.
- the upper interface 42 and/or the lower interface 434 may have various shapes, for example sinusoidal, square, triangular or sawtooth. This arrangement makes it possible to modulate the thickness of catalyst in reaction zone 5.
- the porous material 7 is held in the interior volume 39 of the tube 1 by fixing means such as for example cleats, which can be welded or screwed in particular at the inlet 2 and outlet 3 of tube 1.
- fixing means such as for example cleats, which can be welded or screwed in particular at the inlet 2 and outlet 3 of tube 1.
- at least two cleats hold the porous material 7 on either side of its width at the inlet 2 and at least two cleats hold the porous material 7 on either side of its width at the tube outlet 3.
- the porous material 7 is held between four cleats on either side of its width and its height at inlet 2 and four cleats on either side of its width and its height at outlet 3.
- the mass of catalyst loaded into tube 1 is a function of the desired productivity at the reactor outlet.
- tube 1 is partially filled with catalyst. More precisely, the reaction zone 5 does not fill the entire interior volume 39 of the tube 1.
- the cross-sectional surface of the tube 1 is composed of the surface 19 in cross-section of the circulation zone 6, of the surface in cross section of the porous material 7 and possibly of the surface 18 in cross section of the reaction zone 5 if the porous material 7 is limited to the interface 42 between the circulation zone 6 and the reaction zone 5, as in Figure 3 .
- the cross-sectional area 18 of the reaction zone 5 represents a maximum of 95% of the cross-sectional area of the tube 1, preferably 90%, preferably 80%, preferably 70%, preferably 60%, preferably 50%.
- the cross-sectional area 18 of the reaction zone 5 represents a minimum of 10% of the cross-sectional area of the tube 1, preferably 20%, preferably 30%, preferably 40%, preferably 5%, preferably 50%.
- the cross-sectional area of the porous material 7 represents of the order of 2% to 35% of the cross-sectional area of the tube 1 as illustrated in Figure 3.
- the cross-sectional area 19 of the circulation zone 6 represents a maximum of 40% of the cross-sectional area of the tube 1, preferably 30%, preferably 20%, preferably 10%, preferably 5%.
- the cross-sectional area 19 of the circulation zone 6 represents a minimum of 5% of the cross-sectional area of the tube 1, preferably 10%, preferably 20%, preferably 30%, preferably 35%, preferably 40%.
- the tube 1 comprises, according to one embodiment, retention elements 14.
- the retention elements 14 are advantageously arranged in the circulation zone 6.
- the retention elements 14 extend from the porous material 7 into the circulation zone 6. More precisely, the retention elements 14 are peaks or plates in contact with the porous material 7, more precisely at the upper interface 42 of the porous material 7.
- the retention elements 14 advantageously form an angle with the upper interface 42 between 0° and 180° and preferably different from 0° and 180° and preferably 90°, that is to say greater than 0° and less than 90° or greater than 90° and less than 180°.
- the retention element 14 extends in a direction comprising a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 8 of the tube 1 and a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis 8 of the tube 1.
- the perpendicular direction is oriented in the zone of circulation 6. As an example illustrated in Figures 1, 4, 5, 7, the retention elements 14 are oriented towards the entrance 2.
- the retention elements 14 are configured so as not to obstruct the porosity of the porous material 7 and to allow the circulation of the gaseous product by gravity and the circulation of the gaseous product in the circulation zone 6.
- the retention elements 14 are for example placed along the longitudinal axis 8 of the tube 1, above the porous material 7 and make it possible to prevent the entrainment of the liquid phase, the liquid reagent and/or the product. liquid by the gaseous product.
- the liquid phase possibly carried away with the gaseous product is blocked by the retention elements 14 and returns to the reaction zone 5 by flow along the retention means 14.
- the reactor according to the invention advantageously comprises an inlet plate 10 arranged at one end of the tube 1 forming the inlet 2 of the liquid reagent.
- the entrance plate 10 arranged at one end of the tube 1 forming the inlet 2 of the liquid reagent.
- the 10 comprises a first opening 11 arranged facing the reaction zone 5.
- the first opening 11 has a cross-sectional surface of the order of the cross-sectional surface of the reaction zone 5.
- the first opening 11 corresponds in shape and surface in cross section to the shape and surface of the reaction zone 5 in cross section.
- the porous plug 15 arranged at the end of the tube 1 forming the inlet 2 cooperates for example with the first opening 11.
- the reactor according to the invention advantageously comprises an outlet plate 12 arranged at one end of the tube 1 forming the outlet 3 of the liquid reagent.
- the exit plate 12 arranged at one end of the tube 1 forming the outlet 3 of the liquid reagent.
- the second opening 13 comprises a second opening 13 arranged facing the reaction zone 5.
- the second opening 13 has a cross-sectional surface of the order of the cross-sectional surface of the reaction zone 5.
- the second opening 13 corresponds in shape and surface in cross section to the shape and surface of the reaction zone 5 in cross section.
- the section of the second opening 13 in cross section corresponds to the section of the reaction zone 5 in cross section.
- the first opening 11 and the second opening 13 are identical.
- the input plate 10 and the output plate 12 are identical as for example illustrated in Figures 7, 8a and 8b.
- the tube 1 advantageously comprises a porous plug 15.
- the porous plug 15 is arranged in the tube 1 at the end forming the outlet 3 of the liquid product and possibly the unreacted liquid reagent.
- the porous plug 15 is arranged in the reaction zone 5.
- the porous plug 15 is not reactive, that is to say that the porous plug 15 does not include a catalyst.
- the porous plug 15 is arranged in the reaction zone 5 facing the outlet 4 formed in the upper part of the tube 1.
- the porous plug 15 has the function of maintaining the catalytic bed in the reaction zone 5.
- the plug porous 15 is impermeable to the catalyst.
- the porous plug is configured to allow the liquid phase comprising the liquid product and possibly the unreacted liquid reagent to pass.
- the porous plug is for example made of sintered porous material (i.e. steel, nickel or bronze of the PORAL® type, etc.).
- the porous plug 15 has a pore size smaller than the particle size of the catalyst which it must maintain in the reaction zone 5. Following the example of sintered metals such as PORAL®, this pore size can be between 3 pm and 50 p.m. According to one possibility, the porous plug 15 is made of the same material as the porous material 7.
- the tube 1 comprises a porous plug 15 arranged in the tube 1 or partially or completely outside the tube 1 at the end forming the inlet 2 of the liquid reagent.
- the porous plug 15 is advantageously identical to what is described for the porous plug 15 arranged at outlet 3.
- the liquid reagent and the gaseous product circulate in the tube 1 in co-current, that is to say in the same direction.
- the evacuation 4 and the outlet 3 are advantageously arranged at the same end of the tube 1, opposite the end receiving the inlet 2.
- the reactor according to the invention is intended in particular to enable endothermic reactions.
- the tube 1 can be placed in an oven ensuring the supply of thermal energy necessary for the endothermic reaction to take place.
- the reactor comprises a heat source intended to provide the thermal energy necessary for the reaction to take place.
- the reactor comprises heating elements 17 which may be electrical, arranged for example in contact with the tube 1, in particular outside the envelope 38 of the tube 1, as illustrated in Figure 4.
- the heating elements 17 can also be arranged in conduction of the porous material 7 and/or the solid structure maintaining the catalyst in the reaction zone 5, especially if it is a metal foam or a thermally conductive material.
- the reactor comprises an annular tube receiving the tube 1 configured to ensure circulation of a thermal fluid in the annular space formed between the annular tube and the tube 1. Coupling with an exothermic reaction can also be envisaged.
- the invention relates to a reactor system comprising an enclosure 20 extending along a longitudinal axis 32.
- the enclosure 20 is configured to receive a plurality of catalytic reactors as described above.
- the catalytic reactors are arranged parallel to each other, the longitudinal axis 8 of each reactor tube 1 being parallel to the longitudinal axis 32 of the enclosure 20.
- the reactor system is configured so that in operation the The longitudinal axis 32 of the enclosure 20 is horizontal.
- the reactor system is advantageously of the tube/calender type.
- all the tubes 1 have an identical configuration.
- the tubes 1 are for example shaped into cylindrical tubes. It is also conceivable that the tubes 1 are configured differently, in particular with a different contour and/or with different cross sections.
- the inlet plate 10 is advantageously shared for all the tubes 1.
- the reactor system comprises an inlet plate 10 provided with several first openings 11 arranged facing each reaction zone 5 of each tube 1.
- the inlet plate 10 advantageously has a cross-sectional area substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the enclosure 20.
- the outlet plate 12 is advantageously shared for all the tubes 1.
- the reactor system comprises an outlet plate 12 provided with several second openings 13 arranged facing each zone of reaction 5 of each tube 1.
- the outlet plate 12 advantageously has a cross-sectional area substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of the enclosure 20.
- the enclosure 20 advantageously comprises a supply of the liquid reagent 29, a withdrawal of a gaseous product 30 and a withdrawal 31 of a liquid product and possibly the unreacted liquid reagent.
- the power supply 29 is done through the upper part of the enclosure 20 as illustrated in Figure 7 or it is done through the lower part of the enclosure.
- the enclosure 20 comprises a distribution rod 33 arranged in fluid connection between the supply 29 and the inlet 2 of each tube 1 to supply each tube 1 with liquid reagent.
- the enclosure 20 comprises a rod 36 for recovering the liquid product, and possibly the unreacted liquid reagent, arranged in fluid connection between the outlet 3 of each tube 1 and the withdrawal 31.
- the enclosure 20 comprises a rod for withdrawing the gaseous product arranged in fluid connection between the evacuation 4 of each tube 1 and the withdrawal 30, as illustrated in Figure 7.
- the reactor system comprises a thermal energy source configured to provide heat to the reaction zones 5.
- the thermal energy source is a thermal fluid or heat transfer fluid.
- the reactor system is configured so that the thermal fluid circulates in the enclosure 20 around the tubes 1.
- the thermal fluid circulates in a space intermediate to the tubes 1.
- the enclosure 20 includes a supply 27 of the thermal fluid in the enclosure 20 and an evacuation 28 of the thermal fluid outside the enclosure 20.
- the thermal fluid makes it possible to transfer heat to the liquid reagent.
- the supply 27 and evacuation 28 of the thermal fluid are done through the upper part of the enclosure 20 as illustrated in Figures 7, 9.
- the heat transfer fluid can circulate in co-current or counter-current to the direction of circulation of the liquid reagent.
- co-current if the thermal fluid and the liquid reagent circulate in the same direction and we mean counter-current if the thermal fluid and the liquid reagent circulate in an opposite direction.
- the system includes baffles 34 allowing the thermal fluid to snake along the tubes 1.
- the reactor system comprises a plenum 22 and/or a plenum 23.
- the plenum22 and the plenum23 are arranged at the longitudinal ends of the enclosure 20.
- the reactor system comprises a plurality of flanges 24, 25, 26 making it possible to assemble the different parts of the system.
- the liquid reagent is injected into the tube 1 through the inlet 2 at the reaction zone 5.
- the pressure in the reaction zone 5 is between 0 and 20 absolute bars, preferably between 1 and 5 bars absolute, preferably the pressure of the reaction zone 5 is identical to the pressure of the circulation zone.
- the temperature in the reaction zone 5 is lower than the vaporization temperature of the liquid reagents and products and preferably higher than 80°C.
- the flow rate of the liquid reagent at inlet 2 of tube 1 is non-zero and less than 500l/min, preferably between 0.5 and 20l/min.
- the liquid product and possibly the unreacted liquid reagent exit tube 1 through outlet 3 at the reaction zone 5.
- the gaseous product is physically separated from the liquid all along the tube 1 and is evacuated through the evacuation 4.
- a reactor system according to the invention can be implemented in the context of the dehydrogenation of a LOHC.
- 1,4-butanediol BDO
- BUV gamma-butyrolactone
- a catalytic reactor comprising a single reactor tube 1 comprising a reaction zone 5 corresponding to a half-tube and a circulation zone 6 corresponding to a half-tube separated lengthwise by a porous material 7 of metal foam type adjusted to the section of tube 1 and of pore size smaller than the particle size of the catalyst.
- This porous material 7 is held in the tube 1 by four tabs at the inlet 2 of the tube 1 and four tabs at the outlet 3 of the tube 1.
- the reaction zone 5 is filled with a solid catalyst suitable for carrying out the BDO dehydrogenation reaction, for example a co-precipitated CuO-ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst.
- the catalyst is in the form of granules. These granules are confined in the reaction zone 5 thanks to the porous material 7 of the metal foam type.
- a circulation of a thermal fluid in an annular tube to tube 1 makes it possible to provide the heat of reaction.
- the temperature of the catalytic reactor is lowered to 180°C under an inert flow in order to purge the hydrogen used during the reduction. of the catalyst.
- the reaction is carried out at atmospheric pressure.
- the liquid BDO charged with hydrogen is supplied by a power supply 29 which serves the reaction zone 5 of the tube 1 thanks to an inlet plate 10 in which a first opening 11 in the form of a half-tube which can advantageously be provided with a porous inlet plug of sintered porous type makes it possible to preferentially supply the reaction zone 5 of tube 1.
- BDO liquid
- GBL liquid
- H2 gas
- the hydrogen formed during the dehydrogenation reaction is physically separated from the liquid by gravity over the entire length of tube 1. Thus, it migrates by gravity, into the circulation zone 6, without catalyst, where it can circulate freely. In this way, the formation of the gas phase does not result in a loss of contact between the liquid reagent and the solid catalyst.
- the hydrogen formed is recovered in a collection chamber via an evacuation 4 formed at the upper periphery of the tube.
- a withdrawal 30 preferably located in the upper part of the enclosure makes it possible to recover the gas formed.
- a liquid withdrawal rod 36 makes it possible to convey the liquid to the withdrawal 31.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2206093A FR3136684B1 (fr) | 2022-06-21 | 2022-06-21 | Réacteur catalytique à lit fixe en phase liquide |
| PCT/EP2023/066842 WO2023247641A1 (fr) | 2022-06-21 | 2023-06-21 | Réacteur catalytique à lit fixe en phase liquide |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4543584A1 true EP4543584A1 (fr) | 2025-04-30 |
Family
ID=82781369
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23734600.2A Pending EP4543584A1 (fr) | 2022-06-21 | 2023-06-21 | Réacteur catalytique à lit fixe en phase liquide |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4543584A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3136684B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023247641A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003268522A1 (en) * | 2002-09-05 | 2004-03-29 | Miglin, Maria, Therese | Apparatus and process for production of high purity hydrogen |
| FR2956398B1 (fr) * | 2010-02-16 | 2012-04-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede et dispositif de deshydrogenation catalytique d'hydrocarbures satures en hydrocarbures insatures. |
| DE102015219305A1 (de) | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-06 | Hydrogenious Technologies Gmbh | Reaktor-Vorrichtung zum Dehydrieren eines Trägermediums |
-
2022
- 2022-06-21 FR FR2206093A patent/FR3136684B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-06-21 EP EP23734600.2A patent/EP4543584A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-06-21 WO PCT/EP2023/066842 patent/WO2023247641A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3136684A1 (fr) | 2023-12-22 |
| WO2023247641A1 (fr) | 2023-12-28 |
| FR3136684B1 (fr) | 2025-06-13 |
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