EP4533587A1 - Dispositif de protection contre la propagation d'un emballement thermique dans une batterie - Google Patents
Dispositif de protection contre la propagation d'un emballement thermique dans une batterieInfo
- Publication number
- EP4533587A1 EP4533587A1 EP23727006.1A EP23727006A EP4533587A1 EP 4533587 A1 EP4533587 A1 EP 4533587A1 EP 23727006 A EP23727006 A EP 23727006A EP 4533587 A1 EP4533587 A1 EP 4533587A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- battery
- elements
- refractory material
- frame
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M10/0481—Compression means other than compression means for stacks of electrodes and separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
- H01M50/291—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
- H01M50/293—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by the material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- a battery of electrochemical elements comprises a plurality of electrochemical elements, also referred to below by the term “element(s)”, which are assembled side by side in a common group box. This box is intended to hold the elements in a fixed position during transport or use of the battery.
- an anomaly in the operation of the battery can be caused by the malfunction of one of the elements (short circuit, overload, etc.) or by an external disturbance (shock, rise in temperature, etc.) or by a failure of the electronic system managing the state of charge or other parameters of the battery cells.
- Document EP-A-3 208 866 describes a system for compensating for the swelling of elements in a battery.
- This system comprises a rigid wedge and a flexible wedge inserted between two neighboring elements.
- the rigid spacer can be placed on the periphery of the largest face of the elements. Its function is to maintain the distance between the two neighboring elements constant.
- the flexible spacer can be placed near the center of the largest face of the elements. Its function is to absorb the increase in the thicknesses of the two elements during their loading.
- this system makes it possible to maintain a constant length of the battery in the event of swelling of the elements.
- the flexible wedge is made of a material having low thermal conductivity. This has the advantage of preventing the heat generated by this element from spreading to neighboring elements. To improve safety, there is a need for the inter-element spacer to withstand very high temperatures.
- Document EP-A-2 994 947 describes a battery comprising a first and a second prismatic element between which is placed a layer of a material resistant to a temperature of 300°C. This material is not in contact with the entire outer wall surface of the container of the two elements. In fact, two spacers placed between the containers of the two elements in their upper and lower part maintain the material resistant to a temperature of 300°C at a certain distance from the wall of the container of the elements. The combination of the layer of material resistant to a temperature of 300°C and the two spacers is presented as constituting a thermal barrier against the propagation of thermal runaway. This solution is, however, not completely satisfactory because we note that the layer of material resistant to a temperature of 300° C.
- the layer of material resistant to a temperature of 300°C There are two layers of air on either side of the layer of material resistant to a temperature of 300°C. On the one hand, these layers of air can facilitate the propagation of heat to neighboring elements. On the other hand, they increase the length of the battery.
- the fact that the material resistant to a temperature of 300°C is not in contact with the entire surface of the elements does not allow the thermal barrier property of this material to be fully exploited.
- the layer of material resistant to a temperature of 300°C tends to crush under the effect of the compressive force exerted by the elements. It therefore fulfills its insulating role less well.
- spacers with a certain flexibility in order to match the shape of the surface of the elements.
- the layer of material resistant to a temperature of 300°C and the spacers tend to collapse under the effect of the compression of the elements, the spacing between the terminals of the two neighboring elements decreases.
- the electrical connection between two neighboring elements must therefore be flexible in order to absorb the variation in the inter-element distance.
- such flexible connections are more complex in design than rigid connections in the form of simple metal strips.
- Document US 9,324,982 describes a system making it possible to compensate for the swelling of the elements in a battery and to ensure their cooling.
- a barrier is placed between two elements. It consists of an outer part in contact with the periphery of the face with the largest area of the elements and an inner part in contact with the center of the face with the largest area of the elements.
- the outer part is rigid and maintains a constant spacing between two neighboring elements.
- the internal part is flexible and absorbs the increase in volume of the two neighboring elements.
- the opposite faces of the outer part and the inner part are covered with pins in the shape of a truncated pyramid. Cooling of the elements is ensured by the circulation of air between the pins.
- the disadvantage of the pins is that they increase the length of the battery.
- a rigid wedge having a hardness greater than or equal to 90 Shore A according to standard ASTM D 2240-15 (2021), disposed between said first layer and the second electrochemical element, the rigid wedge being located outside the central region of said first layer.
- the placement of a layer of a refractory material in contact with the entire face of the largest area of one of the elements makes it possible to create a thermal barrier preventing the propagation of a thermal runaway from this element towards neighboring elements.
- the battery comprises a second layer of a refractory material resistant to a temperature of up to 1200° C., this second layer being disposed between the rigid spacer and the second electrochemical element and being in contact of the entirety of a second face which is one of the faces with the largest area of the second electrochemical element, said second layer comprising a central region having as its center the center of said second layer and having an area representing 30 to 60% of the area of said second face.
- the refractory material of the first layer and/or the second layer is compressible so that its thickness can be reduced by at least 50% or at least 70% or at least less 80% under the effect of compression exerted by the two electrochemical elements.
- the refractory material of the first layer and/or the second layer is compressible so that its thickness can be reduced by up to 95% under the effect of compression exerted by the two electrochemical elements.
- the refractory material of the first layer and/or the second layer is a sheet comprising ceramic fibers.
- the refractory material of the first layer and/or the second layer has a thermal conductivity at 20°C less than or equal to 0.5 W/(m.K).
- the rigid wedge is made of a stable plastic material chemically up to a temperature of 200°C.
- the rigid wedge comprises four uprights forming a first rectangular frame.
- the rigid wedge further comprises four other uprights forming a second rectangular frame of height and width greater than those of the first rectangular frame.
- the first layer and/or the second layer has a height and a width
- the height and width of the second frame correspond to the height and width of the first layer and/or the second layer.
- the two ends of the connecting elements include reinforcements making it possible to stiffen the connection of the first frame to the second frame.
- the thickness of an amount ranges from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, preferably from 0.7 to 1 mm.
- an assembly means makes it possible to secure the first layer of refractory material with the rigid spacer.
- an assembly means makes it possible to make the first layer of refractory material integral with the rigid spacer and with the second layer of refractory material.
- the invention also relates to a method of assembling the battery as described above.
- Said method comprises the steps of: a) providing a first electrochemical element of parallelepiped format, b) placing a first layer of a refractory material resistant to a temperature of up to 1200°C on contact of the entirety of a first face which is one of the faces with the largest area of one of the electrochemical elements, said first layer comprising a central region having as its center the center of the first layer and an area representing from 30 to 60% of the area of the first face; c) installation of a rigid wedge having a hardness greater than or equal to 90 Shore A according to standard ASTM D 2240-15 (2021), against the first layer, the rigid wedge being located outside the central region of said first layer ; d) abutment against the rigid wedge of a second face which is one of the faces with the largest area of the second electrochemical element of parallelepiped format.
- the method comprises after step d), a step of compressing said at least two electrochemical elements by means of a belt or an armature or a strap or a frame around the elements.
- FIG.1 is a schematic sectional view of a battery comprising two electrochemical elements separated by a layer of a refractory material and a rigid spacer.
- FIG.2 is a schematic sectional view of a battery comprising two electrochemical elements separated by two layers of a refractory material and a rigid spacer, the rigid spacer being interposed between the two layers of refractory material.
- FIG.3 shows a top view of an assembly consisting of a layer of refractory material on which a rigid wedge is deposited.
- a central region and a peripheral region are defined for the two faces of the container having the largest area.
- the central region experiences more swelling than the peripheral region.
- the central region has as its center the center of the face considered and extends over an area which represents 30 to 60% or 40 to 50% of the area of the face of the container.
- the peripheral region is the region extending beyond the central region.
- the first layer of refractory material is placed in contact with one of the faces of the container having the largest area.
- the height and width of the first layer of refractory material correspond to the height and width of the face of largest area of the container.
- a central region and a peripheral region are defined for this first layer of refractory material.
- the central region has as its center the center of the first layer and extends over an area representing 30 to 60% or 40 to 50% of the area of the face of the container having the largest area. It is important that the central region of the refractory material layer is not crushed by the compression of the elements.
- the rigid wedge is placed outside the central region of the layer of refractory material. The rigid wedge ensures that there is no compression of the layer of refractory material in the central region. It ensures that the thickness of the layer of refractory material is at least equal to a given thickness which is equal to the thickness of the rigid spacer.
- the refractory material can be a very compressible material, that is to say that under the effect of compression, its thickness can be reduced by at least 50% or at least 70% or at least 80%. %. Its thickness can be reduced by up to approximately 95%.
- the refractory material resists a temperature of at least up to 1200°C. It may be a sheet comprising ceramic fibers, that is to say artificial vitreous (silicate) fibers with random orientation and whose weight percentage of alkaline oxides and alkaline earth oxides: [Na2 ⁇ ] + [K2O] + [CaO] + [MgO] + [BaO] is less than 18%.
- These fibers are made from silica/alumina mixtures or from kaolinite. Other oxides such as zirconia, boron or titanium oxides can be added. Ceramic fibers are very compressible. They then act like a spring. The thickness of the sheet comprising ceramic fibers therefore adapts to the distance between two elements. The sheet comprising ceramic fibers compensates for slight variations in the dimensions of the elements which could occur during their manufacture. This allows only one size of battery bundling box to be used.
- the refractory material can also have the property of being a good thermal insulator and of preventing the heat generated by an element operating abnormally from spreading to neighboring elements.
- the refractory material may have a thermal conductivity at 20°C of less than 0.5 W/(m.K), preferably ranging from 0.02 to 0.2 W/(m.K).
- the rigid wedge is made of a material having a hardness greater than or equal to 90 Shore A according to standard ASTM D 2240-15 (2021). Its rigidity makes it possible to maintain a constant spacing between two neighboring elements. In the absence of a rigid wedge, the swelling of two neighboring elements would lead to almost total crushing of the layer of refractory material over its entire height. The thickness of the layer of refractory material could in fact represent only 5% of its thickness before compression. HAS such a small thickness, the layer of refractory material would almost no longer fulfill its function as a thermal barrier. Thanks to the invention, the layer of refractory material is only reduced at the location of the rigid wedge, that is to say only in the peripheral region. As the layer of refractory material is in contact with practically the entire height of the element, it is possible to obtain a very effective thermal barrier.
- the material constituting the rigid wedge preferably resists a temperature of at least 200°C.
- it is a non-electrically conductive material (such as plastic). More preferably, it is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or polyimide (PI) or polyepoxy (PE).
- the thickness of the rigid shim is not limited. It is chosen by an operator according to the desired spacing between the elements and the desired minimum thickness of the layer of refractory material. It can range from 0.5 to 1.5 mm, preferably from 0.7 to 1 mm.
- the use of rigid spacers allows the refractory material to be kept uncompressed and the spacing between two elements to be kept constant. Thus, the length of the battery does not vary during its operation.
- the invention therefore makes it possible to meet the dual requirement of having on the one hand a battery maintaining a constant length during its operation, and on the other hand which prevents the propagation of a thermal runaway between the elements of the battery.
- Figure 1 schematically represents a first embodiment in which a single layer of refractory material is used. It shows a battery (1) comprising two electrochemical elements (2-1, 2-2) of parallelepiped format.
- the container of these elements has an upper face comprising the positive and negative terminals and a lower face opposite the upper face in contact with a support.
- the elements are electrically connected by a connection part (15).
- a layer of refractory material (3-1) is placed between the elements.
- the height of the layer of refractory material is in this example identical to the height of the elements.
- One face of the layer of refractory material is in contact with one of the faces with the largest area (4-1) of one of the elements (2-1). Contact is made over the entire height of the layer of refractory material.
- the opposite face of the layer of refractory material is not completely in contact with one of the faces with the largest area (4-2) of the neighboring element (2-2). Indeed, the presence of the rigid wedge (5) of thickness “e” does not allow the opposite face of the layer of refractory material (3-1) to be completely in contact with the face of the largest area. large (4-2) of the neighboring element (2-2).
- the central region and the peripheral region are represented by the letters C and P respectively.
- the two limits L1 and L2 between the central region C and the peripheral region P of the containers of the two elements coincide with the limits between the central region and the peripheral region of the layer of refractory material.
- the rigid wedge is placed outside of the central region.
- the layer of refractory material is therefore only compressed in its peripheral region which is least subject to swelling.
- the layer of refractory material in its central region is not deformed.
- Figure 2 schematically represents a second embodiment in which two layers (3-1, 3-2) of refractory material are arranged between two elements (2-1, 2-2).
- This second embodiment is preferable to the first because the two faces (4-1, 4-2) of the two elements which are opposite each other are both completely in contact with a layer of refractory material. The thermal barrier effect is therefore improved.
- the rigid wedge preferably has the shape of a frame comprising two vertical uprights of height H1 and two horizontal uprights of length L1.
- the height H1 and the length L1 are determined so that the area of the frame is greater than the area of the central region of the layer of refractory material and therefore once in place between the elements, the rigid wedge is located outside the central region of the layer of refractory material.
- the frame can be made integral with a second frame of dimensions H2 and L2 greater than H1 and L1.
- the second frame, the layer(s) of refractory material and the face of the container in contact with a layer of refractory material have the same height and width.
- the first frame is made integral with the second frame thanks to connecting elements.
- the second frame When the second frame is placed between two electrochemical elements, it is aligned with the edge of the electrochemical elements.
- the first frame is automatically correctly placed out of the central region of the refractory material layer.
- the connecting elements connecting the first frame to the second frame can be six in number, two connecting elements each connecting a horizontal upright of the first frame to a horizontal upright of the second frame, four connecting elements each connecting a corner of the first frame to a corner of the second frame.
- junction zone between a connecting element and an upright of the first or second frame can be reinforced by locally widening the junction zone. This enlargement can have a circular or rectangular shape.
- the assembly formed by the first frame, the second frame, the connecting elements and possibly the reinforcements can be manufactured by molding a plastic part. We obtain a single piece that is easily handled and easy to position.
- Figure 3 is a top view of an assembly consisting of a layer of material re- fractary (3-1) on which a rigid wedge is placed.
- the rigid wedge comprises a first frame comprising two horizontal uprights (6-1, 6-3) of length L1 and two vertical uprights (6-2, 6-4) of height H1.
- This first frame is part of a second frame of larger dimensions comprising two horizontal uprights (6-5, 6-7) of length L2 and two vertical uprights (6-6, 6-8) of height H2.
- the dimensions of the second frame correspond to the dimensions of the layer of refractory material which can itself be cut to the dimensions of the face of the element with which it is in contact.
- the dimensions H1 and L1 of the first frame are calculated so that it lies outside the central region of the refractory material layer.
- the first frame is made integral with the second frame using connecting elements.
- Two connecting elements (8-1, 8-2) each connect a horizontal upright of the first frame to a horizontal upright of the second frame.
- Four connecting elements (9-1, 9-2, 9-3, 9-4) each connect a corner of the first frame to a corner of the second frame.
- the ends of the connecting elements are provided with reinforcements (10) which are constituted by an enlargement of the junction zone between the uprights of the first or second frame and the connecting elements.
- a method for assembling a battery comprising at least two electrochemical elements comprises the steps of: a) providing a first electrochemical element of parallelepiped format, b) placing a first layer of 'a refractory material resistant to a temperature of up to 1200°C in contact with the entirety of a first face which is one of the faces with the largest area of one of the electrochemical elements, said first layer comprising a region central having as its center the center of the first layer and an area representing 30 to 60% of the area of the first face; c) placing a rigid wedge having a hardness greater than or equal to 90 Shore A according to standard ASTM D 2240-15 (2021) against the first layer, the rigid wedge being located outside the central region of said first layer ; d) abutment against the rigid wedge of a second face which is one of the faces with the largest area of the second electrochemical element of parallelepiped format.
- a second layer of refractory material resistant to a temperature of up to 1200° C. is attached against the rigid spacer, said second layer comprising a central region having as its center the center of the second layer and an area representing 30 to 60% of the area of the second face in contact with the entire second face of the second electrochemical element.
- the rigid wedge can be integral with the layer(s) of refractory material to form an assembly placed in a single step between the two elements.
- One side of the layer or layers of refractory material may include an adhesive.
- One side of the rigid spacer may also include an adhesive.
- Another means consists of providing a clamp or clip placed on the external frame of the rigid wedge and which maintains the layer(s) of refractory material.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
- Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2204993A FR3136115B1 (fr) | 2022-05-24 | 2022-05-24 | Dispositif de protection contre la propagation d’un emballement thermique dans une batterie |
| PCT/EP2023/063246 WO2023227440A1 (fr) | 2022-05-24 | 2023-05-17 | Dispositif de protection contre la propagation d'un emballement thermique dans une batterie |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4533587A1 true EP4533587A1 (fr) | 2025-04-09 |
Family
ID=83506368
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23727006.1A Pending EP4533587A1 (fr) | 2022-05-24 | 2023-05-17 | Dispositif de protection contre la propagation d'un emballement thermique dans une batterie |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250349939A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4533587A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3136115B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023227440A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8367239B2 (en) * | 2009-08-21 | 2013-02-05 | Tesla Motors, Inc. | Cell separator for minimizing thermal runaway propagation within a battery pack |
| KR101255250B1 (ko) | 2012-03-23 | 2013-04-16 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 전지 모듈 |
| TW201508972A (zh) * | 2013-05-07 | 2015-03-01 | Boston Power Inc | 避免電池組中單元至單元之熱失控傳導的裝置及方法 |
| FR3048129B1 (fr) | 2016-02-18 | 2020-04-17 | Saft | Systeme de compensation du gonflement d'elements electrochimiques |
| US12476306B2 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2025-11-18 | Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. | Power supply device and electric vehicle |
-
2022
- 2022-05-24 FR FR2204993A patent/FR3136115B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-05-17 US US18/868,222 patent/US20250349939A1/en active Pending
- 2023-05-17 EP EP23727006.1A patent/EP4533587A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-05-17 WO PCT/EP2023/063246 patent/WO2023227440A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023227440A1 (fr) | 2023-11-30 |
| FR3136115A1 (fr) | 2023-12-01 |
| FR3136115B1 (fr) | 2026-01-02 |
| US20250349939A1 (en) | 2025-11-13 |
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