EP4522378A1 - Verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücks mittels einer lasereinrichtung sowie lasereinrichtung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücks mittels einer lasereinrichtung sowie lasereinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4522378A1 EP4522378A1 EP23725601.1A EP23725601A EP4522378A1 EP 4522378 A1 EP4522378 A1 EP 4522378A1 EP 23725601 A EP23725601 A EP 23725601A EP 4522378 A1 EP4522378 A1 EP 4522378A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nozzle
- workpiece
- cutting
- laser device
- processing step
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/1435—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor involving specially adapted flow-control means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted for a procedure covered by only one of the other main groups of this subclass
- B23K37/003—Cooling means for welding or cutting
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for processing a workpiece using a laser device and a laser device.
- the object of the present invention is to create a solution by means of which damage to a laser device due to excessive heating as a result of absorption of reflected laser radiation can be avoided.
- the invention relates to a method for processing a workpiece using a laser device.
- the workpiece is in particular a sheet metal which is processed using the laser device.
- the workpiece is processed by means of the laser device by directing a laser beam from the laser device onto the workpiece, whereby the workpiece's nature or contour is changed as a result of contact with the laser beam.
- the laser device has a nozzle with a nozzle channel. When machining the workpiece, the laser beam shines through the nozzle channel for machining the workpiece. Furthermore, a cutting gas to be directed towards the workpiece is guided by means of the nozzle channel when machining the workpiece.
- the nozzle is thus set up to direct the laser beam and the cutting gas onto the workpiece when machining the workpiece.
- the nozzle can heat up as a result of portions of the laser beam reflected by the workpiece. If the nozzle heats up too much as a result of absorbing the reflected portions of the laser beam, this can result in damage to the nozzle and cutting unit.
- the workpiece is processed in one processing step using the laser device.
- the nozzle may heat up.
- the method further provides for the nozzle to be actively cooled using cooling gas in a non-processing step following the processing step.
- the non-processing step the workpiece is not processed using the laser device.
- the laser beam is not reflected from the workpiece in the direction of the nozzle in the non-processing step, so that further absorption of laser radiation by means of the nozzle in the non-processing step does not occur.
- the nozzle is not heated any further. Instead, in the non-processing step, the nozzle is actively cooled using cooling gas by passing the cooling gas through the nozzle channel.
- the cooling gas flows through the nozzle channel at a high volume flow, whereby the nozzle channel is cooled particularly quickly and strongly. A temperature of the nozzle can thus be reduced particularly quickly and particularly quickly during the non-processing step, whereby the nozzle is available again for a further processing step.
- the nozzle is actively cooled by means of the cooling gas between two respective processing steps in the non-processing step, whereby damage to the nozzle due to an excessively high temperature of the nozzle can be counteracted.
- a gas which is also used as a cutting gas in the processing step can be used as the cooling gas.
- different gases can be used in the process as cutting gas and as cooling gas.
- the cutting gas is passed through the nozzle channel, which has a cooling effect
- cutting gas is not enough to prevent the nozzle from heating up to such an extent that it is damaged as a result of a high temperature.
- the cooling gas flows through the nozzle during the non-processing step at a higher pressure than the cutting gas flows through the nozzle channel during the processing step. Using the cooling gas, a higher cooling effect can be achieved compared to the cutting gas.
- the nozzle is actively cooled by means of the cooling gas during a process of a processing head of the laser device having the nozzle.
- An adjustment time for changing the position of the processing head can therefore be used to cool down the nozzle using the cooling gas.
- the processing head is moved between two respective processing steps and its position is thus changed.
- the time required to move the processing head can therefore be used particularly well to reduce the temperature of the nozzle through active cooling.
- the nozzle is therefore available again particularly quickly after moving the processing head of the laser device for a further processing step. This makes it possible for a particularly large number of processing steps to be carried out one after the other using the nozzle.
- the cutting gas flows through the nozzle channel at a pressure of less than 0.3 bar, in particular at a pressure of less than 0.05 bar.
- a pressure of less than 0.3 bar in particular at a pressure of less than 0.05 bar.
- cooling gas flows through the nozzle channel at a pressure of more than 10 bar, in particular at a pressure of more than 20 bar.
- the cooling gas thus flows through the nozzle channel with a particularly high volume flow due to the high cooling gas pressure, as a result of which a particularly large amount of heat can be absorbed by the nozzle when flowing through the nozzle channel by means of the cooling gas.
- the nozzle can be cooled particularly quickly and particularly strongly by means of the cooling gas flowing through the nozzle channel.
- the risk of the nozzle overheating in a further processing step following the non-processing step can therefore be kept particularly low due to the particularly rapid and strong cooling of the nozzle by means of the cooling gas.
- the cutting gas is directed onto the workpiece by means of a chrome-plated nozzle.
- the nozzle of the laser device is provided with a chrome coating.
- This chrome coating on the nozzle means that a particularly large proportion of laser beams reflected from the workpiece in the direction of the nozzle are in turn reflected at the nozzle, and therefore none or only very little of the reflected laser radiation is absorbed by the nozzle.
- heat development in the nozzle due to laser beam absorption can be kept particularly low.
- the chrome-plated design of the nozzle is to be understood as meaning that the nozzle is provided with the chrome coating at least on its outer surface facing the workpiece surface when machining the workpiece. Using the chrome-plated nozzle for the processing step ensures that the nozzle only heats up very little during the processing step.
- an edge of the workpiece is rounded using a defocused laser beam.
- the laser device is used to direct the defocused laser beam onto the edge of the workpiece to be rounded.
- the laser power Up to 95 percent, for example about 70 percent of the laser power is reflected by the workpiece and only a small part (from about 5 percent), preferably up to about 30 percent, is absorbed.
- the portion of the laser power reflected by the workpiece can in turn impinge on the nozzle and thereby cause the nozzle to heat up due to absorption of a nozzle.
- the method makes it possible for the edge of the workpiece to be rounded by means of the defocused laser beam as part of the processing step and then, by actively cooling the nozzle in the non-processing step, the temperature of the nozzle can be greatly reduced in order to carry out a further processing step, in particular a further edge rounding , by means of the nozzle, with the risk of damage to the nozzle due to overheating being kept particularly low.
- a first cutting line can be cut into the workpiece using the laser beam in a cutting step. This cutting step takes place in particular before the processing step and thus before the edge rounding.
- the workpiece is cut using the laser device.
- the processing head of the laser device is moved back from an end point of the first cutting line to a starting point of the first cutting line. This means that the position of the processing head of the laser device is moved back from the end point of the first cutting line to the starting point of the first cutting line.
- a second cutting line is cut into the workpiece using the laser beam in a further cutting step.
- the starting point of the second cutting line coincides with the end point of the first cutting line.
- the cut continues in the workpiece starting from the first cutting line.
- the processing head of the laser device is moved back from the end point of the second cutting line to the starting point of the second cutting line, while the nozzle is actively cooled in this non-processing step using cooling gas.
- the nozzle is actively cooled in order to reduce the temperature and prevent damage to the nozzle due to too high To avoid temperature development in the nozzle.
- higher cutting gas pressures are used in the respective cutting steps than in the respective processing steps in which respective edges of the workpiece are rounded.
- the nozzle heats up less during the respective cutting steps than during the processing step.
- active cooling of the nozzle immediately after the respective cutting steps is only necessary if the processing step has also been carried out. If only cutting steps and no processing steps have been carried out with the low cutting gas pressure, then active cooling of the nozzle using the cooling gas can be omitted.
- a further processing step is carried out, in which an edge of the second cutting line of the workpiece created during cutting is rounded.
- the further processing step can in particular be carried out with the same processing parameters as the processing step carried out as part of the third method step c). This results in successive cutting and rounding of an entire predetermined cutting contour.
- the workpiece can be a two millimeter thick sheet made of CrNi steel with a Laser device with 8 kilowatts of power can be processed.
- the laser device can be used which has the chrome-plated nozzle. As a result, the laser radiation reflected from the workpiece and directed to the nozzle is reflected by the nozzle.
- a part of the contour is first cut with the laser and thus by means of the laser beam provided by the laser device, in particular approximately 100 to 500 millimeters, in particular 200 to 400 millimeters, preferably 300 millimeters.
- the cutting head of the laser device and thus the processing head is then positioned back to the beginning of the cut and the rounding process is started at 0.02 bar gas pressure of the cutting gas.
- the edge is now rounded with the defocused laser beam.
- the nozzle heats up strongly.
- the laser is then cut again, in particular approximately 100 to 500 millimeters, in particular 200 to 400 millimeters, preferably 300 millimeters.
- the laser is switched off, which means that the laser beam is not provided, and the laser cutting head, which is the processing head, is positioned back to the start of the cut.
- the nozzle is cooled with maximum gas pressure, in particular with a gas pressure of more than 20 bar.
- the rounding process starts again. This process is repeated until all edges on the workpiece are rounded.
- the cooling effect can be increased with a reduced rounding distance on the contour.
- An optimal rounding length on the contour is approximately 100 to 500 millimeters, in particular 200 to 400 millimeters, preferably 300 millimeters. This means that the pre-cut is, for example, 300 millimeters long.
- the laser cutting head is then repositioned by around 300 millimeters with maximum gas pressure and the nozzle can be cooled. In the next step, the 300 millimeters are rounded, which means that the edge created during the pre-cut is rounded over its entire length. The nozzle heats up again.
- the cooling effect can be increased by shortening the pre-cut, for example by half, in this case 150 millimeters.
- the return journey for cooling the nozzle occurs earlier or a number of intervals for cooling the nozzle is increased and a length of respective rounding paths during which the nozzle heats up is shortened.
- the nozzle cooling is carried out during the positioning movement of the processing head from the pre-cut to the start position of the rounding. It is possible that a fillet will be interrupted if the nozzle gets too hot. During this interruption of the rounding, the nozzle can be cooled with high gas pressure. This means that the nozzle is cooled by flowing into the nozzle channel as a cooling gas, for example nitrogen, at a high gas pressure, in particular a pressure of more than 20 bar.
- a cooling gas for example nitrogen
- nitrogen or nitrogen gas is passed through the nozzle channel as cutting gas and/or as cooling gas.
- the nitrogen gas can be used both as a cutting gas and as a cooling gas.
- the nitrogen gas can be used either as the cutting gas or as the cooling gas and another gas that is different from the nitrogen gas can be used for the other application.
- Nitrogen gas is a particularly cost-effective and environmentally friendly gas.
- argon or compressed air can be used as a cutting gas and/or as a cooling gas.
- the nozzle is actively cooled using water during the processing step. In this way, damage to the nozzle as a result of excessive heating of the nozzle during the processing step can be counteracted.
- active nozzle cooling with water can be implemented during the rounding process.
- the water can be guided in special cooling channels of the nozzle, which are different in particular from the nozzle channel.
- the cooling channels can be closed cooling channels with flow and return.
- the nozzle can also be cooled by further gas cooling, for example using compressed air.
- the invention further relates to a laser device which is set up to process a workpiece in a method as has already been described in connection with the method according to the invention for machining a workpiece.
- the laser device can be set up to round an edge of the workpiece as part of the processing step or to provide it with a chamfer.
- the laser device comprises a processing head, which is set up to direct a laser beam onto the workpiece for processing the workpiece.
- This processing head of the laser device in turn comprises a nozzle, by means of which the laser beam can be aligned with the workpiece and which has one of a Has a nozzle channel through which cutting gas can flow.
- the cutting gas can be aligned with the workpiece using the nozzle.
- the nozzle can be chrome-plated.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a workpiece processed using a laser device.
- a workpiece 10 is shown in a schematic perspective view, which is processed using a laser device 12.
- the laser device 12 is set up to cut the workpiece 10 and to round off the resulting cutting edges on the workpiece 10.
- the laser device 12 can provide a laser beam 14 and direct it onto the workpiece 10.
- the workpiece 10 is cut using the laser beam 14 or an edge of the workpiece 10 is rounded using the laser beam 14.
- the laser device 12 comprises a processing head 32 with a nozzle 16.
- the nozzle 16 comprises a nozzle channel, not shown in FIG. 1, through which the laser beam 14 shines for processing the workpiece 10 and by means of which cutting gas is applied to the workpiece 10 when processing the workpiece 10 can be directed.
- the nozzle channel runs centrally through the nozzle 16.
- the nozzle 16 is a chrome-plated nozzle.
- a cutting contour 18 is introduced into the workpiece 10 by means of the laser device 12, with respective edges of the Cutting contour 18 should be rounded.
- the cutting contour 18 is introduced into the workpiece 10 successively and thus piecemeal.
- a first cutting line 20 is cut into the workpiece 10 using the laser beam 14. This first cutting line 20 runs from a first starting point 22 to a first end point 24.
- the processing head 32 of the laser device 12 providing the laser beam 14 is moved back to a first starting position in order to enable this the laser beam 14 can be aligned again from the processing head 32 to the first starting point 22.
- a first processing step in which the edge created during cutting is rounded along the first cutting line 20.
- the edge is rounded using a defocused laser beam at a cutting gas pressure of less than 0.3 bar, in particular with a cutting gas pressure of less than 0.05 bar, in particular with a cutting gas pressure of 0.02 bar.
- a second cutting line 26 is cut into the workpiece 10 using the laser beam 14.
- a second starting point 28 of the second cutting line 26 coincides with the first end point 24 of the first cutting line 20. This means that the second cutting line 26 adjoins the first cutting line 20.
- the processing head 32 of the laser device 12 is moved back to a second starting position, from which the second cutting line 26 has been cut by means of the processing head 32.
- This moving back of the processing head 32 after cutting the second cutting line 26 to the second starting position is a non-processing step in which the workpiece 10 is not processed using the laser device 12.
- the nozzle 16 is actively cooled using cooling gas by passing the cooling gas through the nozzle channel.
- the cooling gas is flowed into the nozzle channel at a pressure of more than 10 bar, in particular at a pressure of more than 20 bar.
- the cooling gas thus flows through the nozzle channel with a particularly high volume flow, as a result of which the nozzle 16 is cooled particularly quickly and particularly strongly by means of the cooling gas during the non-processing step.
- the cutting contour 18 is successively cut in the form of several adjoining cutting lines and edges created during cutting are then rounded in respective processing steps after respective cutting steps.
- nitrogen gas flows through the nozzle channel of the nozzle 16 both as a cutting gas and as a cooling gas.
- the nozzle 16 can be actively cooled using water during the respective processing steps.
- the water is guided through at least one cooling channel of the nozzle 16 that is different from the nozzle channel.
- the nozzle 16 Since higher cutting gas pressures are used for cutting the workpiece 10 than for edge rounding, the nozzle 16 is cooled more strongly during cutting by means of the cutting gas flowing through the nozzle channel than during edge rounding. The nozzle 16 therefore heats up less when cutting than when rounding edges.
- the processing head 32 is only moved above the cutting contour 18 when moving back to the respective starting position.
- At least one processing step is carried out in which the workpiece 10 is processed using the laser device 12, whereby the nozzle 16 heats up.
- an edge rounding or chamfering of an edge of the workpiece 10 can take place.
- at least one non-processing step following the at least one processing step is provided, in which the workpiece 10 is not processed using the laser device 12 and in which the nozzle 16 is actively cooled using cooling gas by passing the cooling gas through the nozzle channel.
- the method described is based on the knowledge that a laser radiation reflected from the workpiece 10 hits the laser cutting nozzle and thus the nozzle 16 as well as the laser cutting head and thus the processing head 32 of the laser device 12, which is why these components heat up very strongly. If the effective time of the laser radiation is too long These components can damage the laser cutting unit and thus the laser device 12. To make matters worse, gas pressures of less than 0.3 bar, typically even 0.02 bar, are used for edge rounding. As a result, there is no or very little nozzle cooling by means of convection by the cutting gas. In order to protect the nozzle 16 against excessive heating, coatings can be applied to a nozzle body of the nozzle 16. Chrome coatings are particularly suitable for this.
- Another way to reduce the temperature of the nozzle 16 is to use a cooling strategy during the machining process.
- this cooling strategy the nozzle 16 is cooled after a certain time by a strong nitrogen gas pressure.
- the processing looks like this: First, a part of the cutting contour 18, which is approximately 300 millimeters long, is cut with the laser beam 14. The laser cutting head is then positioned back to the start of the cut and the rounding process is started at less than 0.3 bar gas pressure, whereby the gas pressure refers to the cutting gas. Now the 300 millimeter long edge is rounded. The nozzle 16 heats up strongly. The laser beam 14 is then used to cut again, approximately 300 millimeters long.
- the laser device 12 is switched off and the laser beam 14 is no longer provided and the laser cutting head is positioned back to the start of the cut.
- the nozzle 16 is cooled with maximum nitrogen gas pressure, in particular with a gas pressure of over 20 bar.
- the rounding process starts again. This process is repeated until all edges on a component to be cut from the workpiece 10 have been rounded.
- a combination of the cooling strategy described and the use of a chrome-plated nozzle 16 offers particularly good protection against nozzle heating of the nozzle 16.
- the nozzle 16 is cooled with high nitrogen gas pressure at certain time intervals after rounding.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022112051 | 2022-05-13 | ||
| PCT/EP2023/061917 WO2023217649A1 (de) | 2022-05-13 | 2023-05-05 | Verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücks mittels einer lasereinrichtung sowie lasereinrichtung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4522378A1 true EP4522378A1 (de) | 2025-03-19 |
Family
ID=86497862
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23725601.1A Pending EP4522378A1 (de) | 2022-05-13 | 2023-05-05 | Verfahren zum bearbeiten eines werkstücks mittels einer lasereinrichtung sowie lasereinrichtung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4522378A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119325414A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023217649A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6444296A (en) * | 1987-08-12 | 1989-02-16 | Fanuc Ltd | Assist gas control system |
| FR2671503B1 (fr) * | 1991-01-11 | 1993-07-30 | Framatome Sa | Procede et tete de travail au laser. |
| WO2020173970A1 (de) * | 2019-02-25 | 2020-09-03 | Wsoptics Technologies Gmbh | Prozess zur strahlbearbeitung eines platten- oder rohrförmigen werkstücks |
-
2023
- 2023-05-05 EP EP23725601.1A patent/EP4522378A1/de active Pending
- 2023-05-05 CN CN202380039903.8A patent/CN119325414A/zh active Pending
- 2023-05-05 WO PCT/EP2023/061917 patent/WO2023217649A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023217649A1 (de) | 2023-11-16 |
| CN119325414A (zh) | 2025-01-17 |
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