EP4514599A1 - Aube ou pale d'hélice avec pied composite en forme de croix ou d'étoile - Google Patents
Aube ou pale d'hélice avec pied composite en forme de croix ou d'étoileInfo
- Publication number
- EP4514599A1 EP4514599A1 EP23725373.7A EP23725373A EP4514599A1 EP 4514599 A1 EP4514599 A1 EP 4514599A1 EP 23725373 A EP23725373 A EP 23725373A EP 4514599 A1 EP4514599 A1 EP 4514599A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- preform
- foot
- fibrous
- blade
- branches
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/24—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three-dimensional [3D] structure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- B29D99/0025—Producing blades or the like, e.g. blades for turbines, propellers, or wings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/44—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
- B29C33/52—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles soluble or fusible
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
- B29C70/86—Incorporated in coherent impregnated reinforcing layers, e.g. by winding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/16—Blades
- B64C11/20—Constructional features
- B64C11/26—Fabricated blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/10—Manufacturing or assembling aircraft, e.g. jigs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
- D03D11/02—Fabrics formed with pockets, tubes, loops, folds, tucks or flaps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B11/00—Making preforms
- B29B11/14—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition
- B29B11/16—Making preforms characterised by structure or composition comprising fillers or reinforcement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
- B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
- B29L2031/087—Propellers
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2505/00—Industrial
- D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of propeller blades or blades for aircraft such as those present on turboprop engines.
- the blades or propeller blades for turboprop engines are generally made of metallic material. Although the blades or propeller blades made of metallic material have good mechanical resistance, they nevertheless have the disadvantage of having a relatively large mass.
- propeller blades In order to obtain lighter blades or propeller blades, it is known to make propeller blades from composite material, that is to say by making structural parts with fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix.
- the new generation of engines requires more compact blade or blade roots. This need comes from the need to be able to rotate the blade or blade around its vertical axis in order to adapt its incidence to the flight regime (variable pitch blade or blade). This need, combined with the fact that the blade or blade must be integrated as low as possible on the disc, requires the size of the base to be greatly reduced.
- the feet of the new generation blades or blades have an axisymmetric or substantially axisymmetric shape as well as reduced dimensions unlike the feet of the prior art such as those described in document US 2013/0017093 which extend over the entire width of the lower part of the blade or blade.
- This axisymmetric or quasi-axisymmetric shape is more difficult to manufacture in composite material, particularly when three-dimensional (3D) weaving is used to form the fibrous reinforcement of the blade or blade.
- the mechanical loads to which the new generation feet are subjected impose additional constraints. Indeed, in addition to the mechanical loadings in traction and flexion usually encountered (caused respectively by centrifugal forces and impacts with objects), the new generation feet can be integrated into the rotor disk using metal shells. , which results in additional mechanical loading in circumferential compression.
- the present invention proposes a method of manufacturing a turboprop propeller blade or blade made of composite material comprising a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix, the method comprising:
- the fibrous blank having a flat shape extending in a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction corresponding respectively to the span direction and the direction chord of the blade or the propeller blade to be manufactured, the fibrous blank comprising a root part and an aerodynamic profile part extending in the longitudinal direction from the root part and in the transverse direction between a leading edge portion and a trailing edge portion,
- the foot part of the fibrous blank comprises several unlinkages extending along a plane parallel to the surface of the fibrous blank, each unlinkage extends in the transverse direction from an edge of the root part of the fibrous blank and over a distance less than half the width of the foot part, each separation separating two portions woven in the fibrous blank and in what the shaping of the fibrous blank comprises the orientation in different directions of the woven portions separated by the unbindings so as to form a foot preform part comprising a plurality of branches.
- the fibrous reinforcement part of the foot is made of 3D weaving and comprises a plurality of branches which are connected to the fibrous reinforcement part of the aerodynamic profile at its center. Consequently, the size of the foot is determined mainly by the length of the branches, which makes it possible to obtain a much more compact composite foot than that of the prior art which generally extends over the entire width of the lower part of the foot. aerodynamic profile.
- wires for example warp wires, oriented in the span direction of the blade or blade which gives it good mechanical resistance in traction and bending by combination with 3D weaving.
- the branched shape makes it possible to obtain a foot having an axisymmetric or quasi-axisymmetric shape compatible with integration into a rotation or change of propeller pitch system.
- the densification of the fibrous preform comprises the placement of the preform in a tool injection mold having the shape of the blade or propeller blade to be manufactured, removable insertion elements being placed between the branches of the foot preform part, the densification further comprising the injection of a resin in the fibrous preform held in the injection tooling, the transformation of the resin into a matrix by heat treatment and the demolding of the blade or the propeller blade, the demolding comprising the removal of the insertion elements of so as to obtain a foot with a plurality of branches.
- the densification of the fibrous preform comprises the placement of the preform in an injection tool having the shape of the blade or the propeller blade to be manufactured, elements of filling being placed between the branches of the foot preform part, the densification further comprising the injection of a resin into the fibrous preform held in the injection tooling, the transformation of the resin into a matrix by heat treatment and demolding the blade or the propeller blade so as to obtain a foot comprising a skeleton comprising a plurality of branches with the filling elements glued to said branches.
- the filling elements make it possible to reinforce the mechanical resistance in circumferential compression.
- the filling elements are made up of a fibrous material chosen from one of the following fibrous materials: three-dimensional woven, unidirectional layers and fiber mat.
- the filling elements are made of metallic material.
- the invention also relates to a turboprop propeller blade or blade made of composite material comprising a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix, the blade or propeller blade comprising, in a span direction, a foot and an aerodynamic profile , the fibrous reinforcement comprising a fibrous preform having a three-dimensional weave with a foot preform portion present in the foot and an aerodynamic profile preform portion present in the aerodynamic profile, the foot preform and aerofoil portions being linked 'to each other by three-dimensional weaving, characterized in that the foot comprises a plurality of branches and in that the foot preform part of the fibrous preform comprises a plurality of branches each extending into a branch of the foot.
- the invention also relates to a turboprop propeller blade or blade made of composite material comprising a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix, the blade or propeller blade comprising, in a span direction, a foot and an aerodynamic profile , the fibrous reinforcement comprising a fibrous preform having a three-dimensional weave with a foot preform portion present in the foot and an aerodynamic profile preform portion present in the aerodynamic profile, the foot preform and aerofoil portions being linked one to the other by three-dimensional weaving, characterized in that the foot has a bulb shape, said foot comprising a skeleton comprising a plurality of branches with filling elements present between the branches and in that the preform part foot of the fibrous preform comprises a plurality of branches each extending into a branch of the skeleton of the foot.
- the filling elements are made up of a fibrous material chosen from one of the following fibrous materials: three-dimensional woven, unidirectional layers and fiber mat.
- the filling elements are made of metallic material.
- the invention further covers an aeronautical engine comprising a plurality of blades or propeller blades according to the invention as well as an aircraft comprising at least one such engine.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view illustrating the 3D weaving of a fibrous blank for the manufacture of a blade
- FIG. 2 Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view in weft direction on an enlarged scale of a set of layers of wires showing the formation of two debondings in the foot part of the blank of Figure 1 according to a section plane ll- ll,
- Figure 3 is a perspective view showing the shaping of a part of the foot preform in the fibrous blank of Figure 1,
- Figure 4 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing injection tooling and the placement of the fibrous preform of Figure 3 inside it in accordance with one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view showing the injection tooling of Figure 4 closed
- Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of a composite material blade obtained in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 7 is a schematic exploded perspective view showing injection tooling and the placement of the fibrous preform of Figure 3 inside it in accordance with another embodiment of the invention
- Figure 8 is a schematic perspective view showing the injection tooling of Figure 7 closed
- Figure 9 is a schematic perspective view of a composite material blade obtained in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
- the invention applies generally to different types of blades or propeller blades used in aircraft engines.
- the invention finds an advantageous but not exclusive application in large propeller blades or blades which are intended to be integrated into pivoting or variable pitch systems.
- Such blades or propeller blades are generally provided with a base having both a small footprint (compact shape) and good resistance to forces in traction, bending and circumferential compression.
- the blade according to the invention can in particular constitute a blade for ducted moving wheels such as fan blades or a blade for non-ducted moving wheels as in so-called “open rotor” aeronautical engines.
- the exemplary embodiments are described in relation to blades for a turboprop engine. However, the exemplary embodiments also apply to propeller blades for aircraft.
- Figure 1 very schematically shows a fibrous blank 100 intended to form the fibrous preform of a blade to be produced.
- the fibrous structure blank 100 is obtained, as schematically illustrated in Figure 1, by three-dimensional (3D) weaving carried out in a known manner using a jacquard type loom on which a bundle of warp threads has been placed. 101 or strands in a plurality of layers of several hundred threads each, the warp threads being linked by weft threads 102.
- the fibrous structure blank 100 is woven in a single piece, the blank extending in a longitudinal direction D L , corresponding to the span direction of the blade to be manufactured, between a lower part 100c and an upper part 100d and in a transverse direction DT, corresponding to the chord direction of the blade to be manufactured between a front edge 100a and a rear edge 100b, the blank comprising an aerodynamic profile part 111 defining two faces 111 e and 111f intended to respectively form the extrados and intrados faces of the blade and a root part 112 intended to subsequently form a blade root and extending outside the aerodynamic profile blank 111 in the longitudinal direction DL and set back from the front and rear edges 100a and 100b in the transverse direction D T.
- the 3D weave is an “interlock” weave weave.
- interlock weaving, we mean here a weaving weave in which each layer of weft threads links several layers of warp threads with all the threads of the same weft column having the same movement in the plane of the weave .
- the fibrous blank according to the invention can be woven in particular from carbon or ceramic fiber threads such as silicon carbide.
- two unbindings 106 and 107 are made inside the foot part 112 of the fibrous blank 100 between two successive layers of warp threads.
- the unbinding 106 extends along a plane parallel to the surface of the fibrous blank and over an unbinding zone delimited by a contour 106a locally separating the foot part 112 into two woven portions 113 and 114.
- the unbinding 107 extends along a plane parallel to the surface of the fibrous blank and over a separation zone delimited by a contour 107a locally separating the foot part 112 into two woven portions 115 and 116.
- the separation 106 extends in the transverse direction from a first side edge 1120 of the foot part 112 and over a distance of less than half the width l 112 of the foot part 112 while the unlinking 107 extends in the transverse direction from a second side edge 1121 of the foot part 112 and over a distance d? less than half the width ln 2 of the foot part 112.
- a connection zone 117 that is to say a zone in which the blank is 3D woven throughout its thickness, is thus present in the part of foot 112 between the two disconnections 106 and 107.
- FIG. 2 is an enlarged partial view of a warp sectional plan in the foot part 112 of the blank 100 comprising the unbindings 106 and 107 (section ll-ll in Figure 1).
- the blank 100 comprises 8 layers of warp threads 101 extending substantially in the longitudinal direction D[_.
- the 8 layers of warp threads are linked by weft threads Ti to T 8 in the connection zone 117, the weft threads extending substantially in the transverse direction DT.
- the woven portion 113 comprises 4 layers of warp threads 101 linked together by 4 weft threads T to T 4 while the woven portion 114 comprises 4 layers of warp threads linked together by 4 threads of frame T 5 and T 8 .
- the woven portion 115 comprises 4 layers of warp threads 101 linked together by 4 weft threads Ti to T 4 while the woven portion 116 comprises 4 layers of warp threads linked together by 4 weft threads T 5 and T 8 .
- the fact that the weft threads Ti to T 4 do not extend into the layers of warp threads of the woven portions 114 and 116 and that the weft threads T 5 to T 8 do not extend not in the layers of warp threads of the woven portions 113 and 115 ensures the unbindings 106 and 107 which separate the woven portions 113 and 114, on the one hand, and the woven portions 115 and 116, on the other hand.
- the non-woven threads present around the fibrous blank 100 are cut to extract the blank and then the foot part of the blank is shaped.
- the shaping of the foot part 112 is carried out by unfolding the woven portions 113 to 116 in different directions as illustrated in Figure 3.
- the woven portions untied from each other others in the foot part are deployed in different directions in order to form an axisymmetric or quasi-axisymmetric foot skeleton, for example but not limited to the shape of a cross or star.
- a fibrous preform 200 comprising in the longitudinal direction DL an aerodynamic profile preform part 211 and a foot preform part 212 having in the example described here a cross or star shape with four branches 213 to 216 as shown in Figure 4.
- the aerodynamic profile preform portion 211 extending in the transverse direction DT between a leading edge portion 211 a and a trailing edge portion 211 b.
- the number of branches may vary.
- the foot part of the blank can for example include 4 delinkages in order to obtain a foot preform part with six branches.
- the branches of the foot preform part extend along a plane parallel to the transverse direction DT.
- the densification of the fibrous preform intended to form the fibrous reinforcement of the part to be manufactured consists of to fill the porosity of the preform, in all or part of its volume, with the material constituting the matrix. This densification is carried out in a manner known per se following the liquid method (CVL).
- the liquid process consists of impregnating the preform with a liquid composition containing a precursor of the matrix material.
- the precursor is usually in the form of a polymer, such as a high-performance epoxy resin, optionally diluted in a solvent.
- the preform is placed in a sealable mold with a housing shaped like the final molded blade. Then, the mold is closed and the liquid matrix precursor (for example a resin) is injected throughout the housing to impregnate the entire fibrous part of the preform.
- the transformation of the precursor into a matrix is carried out by heat treatment, generally by heating the mold, after elimination of any solvent and crosslinking of the polymer, the preform always being maintained in the mold having a shape corresponding to that of the piece to be made.
- the heat treatment consists of pyrolyzing the precursor to transform the matrix into a carbon or ceramic matrix depending on the precursor used and the pyrolysis conditions.
- liquid ceramic precursors in particular SiC
- PCS polycarbosilane
- PTCS polytitanocarbosilane
- PSZ polysilazane
- liquid carbon precursors can be resins with a high rate relatively high coke content, such as phenolic resins.
- the densification of the fibrous preform can be carried out by the well-known transfer molding process known as RTM ("Resin Transfer Molding").
- the fibrous preform is placed in a mold presenting the external shape of the part to be produced.
- a thermosetting resin is injected into the internal space of the mold which includes the fibrous preform.
- a pressure gradient is generally established in this internal space between the place where the resin is injected and the evacuation orifices of the latter in order to control and optimize the impregnation of the preform with the resin.
- an injection tool 300 which comprises a first shell 310 comprising at its center a first imprint 311 corresponding in part to the shape and dimensions of the blade to be produced and a second shell 320 comprising in its center a second imprint 321 corresponding in part to the shape and dimensions of the blade to be produced.
- removable insertion elements 330 to 333 are placed between the branches 213 to 216 of the foot preform part 212.
- the removable insertion elements can be made in particular from resin, from a salt core soluble or metal.
- the first and second imprints 311 and 321 respectively of the first and second shells 310 and 320 together define an internal volume 301 having the shape of the blade to be produced and in which is placed the fibrous preform 200.
- Compaction of the fibrous preform 200 can be carried out with the closing of the tooling 300 in order to obtain a determined rate of fibers in the preform.
- compaction pressure is applied to the shells 310 and 320, for example by means of a press.
- the compaction of the fibrous preform can also be carried out in separate tooling before introducing the preform into the injection tooling.
- the tooling 300 further comprises means making it possible to inject a liquid matrix precursor and transform this precursor into a matrix. More precisely, in the example described here, the first shell 310 of the tooling 300 comprises an injection port 313 intended to allow the injection of a liquid matrix precursor composition into the fibrous preform while the second shell comprises an evacuation port 323 intended to cooperate with a pumping system for evacuating the tooling and drawing air during injection.
- the injection tool 300 also comprises a lower part 340 and an upper part 350 between which the first and second shells 310 and 320 are placed, the lower part 340 and the upper part 350 being equipped with heating means (not shown in Figure 5).
- the blade is molded by impregnating the preform 200 with a thermosetting resin which is polymerized by heat treatment.
- a thermosetting resin which is polymerized by heat treatment.
- RTM Resin Transfer Molding
- a resin 360 for example a thermosetting resin
- the port 323 of the second shell 320 is connected to an evacuation conduit maintained under pressure (not shown in Figure 5). This configuration allows the establishment of a pressure gradient between the lower part of the preform 200 where the resin is injected and the upper part of the preform located near the port 323.
- the resin 360 injected substantially at the level of the lower part of the preform will gradually impregnate the entire preform by circulating in it to the evacuation port 323 through which the surplus is evacuated.
- the first and second shells 310 and 320 of the tooling 300 can respectively comprise several injection ports and several evacuation ports.
- the resin used can be, for example, an epoxy resin with a temperature class of 180°C (maximum temperature supported without loss of characteristics).
- Resins suitable for RTM processes are well known. They preferably have a low viscosity to facilitate their injection into the fibers. The choice of the temperature class and/or the chemical nature of the resin is determined according to the thermomechanical stresses to which the part must be subjected.
- the blade After injection and polymerization, the blade is demolded. The insertion elements 330 to 333 are then removed so as to obtain a blade root comprising a plurality of branches. Finally, the blade is trimmed to remove excess resin and the chamfers are machined. No other machining is necessary since, the part being molded, it meets the required dimensions.
- the densification processes described above make it possible to produce, from the fibrous preform of the invention, mainly blades or propeller blades made of composite material with an organic matrix (CMO), with a carbon matrix (C/C) and ceramic matrix (CMC).
- CMO organic matrix
- C/C carbon matrix
- CMC ceramic matrix
- a blade 10 formed of a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix which comprises in its lower part a foot 12 formed by the foot preform part 212 of the fibrous preform 200 and a blade 11 formed by the blade preform portion 211 of the fibrous preform 200.
- the blade 10 comprises a leading edge 11a and a trailing edge 11 b corresponding respectively to the leading edge 211 a and trailing edge 211 b portions of the fibrous preform 200.
- the foot 12 here has the shape of a cross or star with four branches 13 to 16 in which the branches 213 to 216 of the foot preform part 212 extend respectively.
- the blade 10 comprises thus a foot 12 which has a compact shape adapted for integration into a rotation system or change of propeller pitch.
- certain branches of the blade root may have a greater thickness and/or length than the others in order to adapt to the forces undergone by the blade.
- filling elements 217 to 220 are placed between the branches 213 to 216 of the foot preform part 212 of the fibrous preform 200.
- the filling elements 217 to 220 differ from the elements of the removable insertion elements 330 to 333 described previously in that they are intended to be kept in the final blade.
- the filling elements may be made of a fibrous material chosen from one of the following fibrous materials: three-dimensional woven, unidirectional layers and fiber mat.
- the filling elements can also be made of metallic material.
- the fibrous preform 200 provided with filling elements 217 to 220 is placed in an injection tool 400 similar to the tool 300 already described, that is to say which comprises a first shell 410 comprising in its center a first imprint 411 corresponding in part to the shape and dimensions of the blade to be produced and a second shell 420 comprising in its center a second imprint 421 corresponding in part to the shape and dimensions of the blade to be produced.
- the blade is molded by impregnating the preform 200 with a thermosetting resin which is polymerized by heat treatment.
- a thermosetting resin which is polymerized by heat treatment.
- RTM Resin Transfer Molding
- a resin 460 for example a thermosetting resin
- the port 423 of the second shell 420 is connected to an evacuation conduit maintained under pressure (not shown in Figure 5). This configuration allows the establishment of a pressure gradient between the lower part of the preform 200 where the resin is injected and the upper part of the preform located near the port 423.
- the resin 460 injected substantially at the level of the lower part of the preform will gradually impregnate the entire preform by circulating in it to the evacuation port 423 through which the surplus is evacuated.
- the first and second shells 410 and 420 of the tooling 400 can respectively comprise several injection ports and several evacuation ports.
- the blade After injection and polymerization, the blade is demolded and then trimmed to remove excess resin and the chamfers are machined. No other machining is necessary since, the part being molded, it meets the required dimensions.
- a blade 20 formed of a fibrous reinforcement densified by a matrix which comprises in its lower part a foot 22 formed by the foot preform part 212 of the fibrous preform 200 and a blade 21 formed by the blade preform portion 211 of the fibrous preform 200.
- the blade 20 comprises a leading edge 21a and a trailing edge 21 b corresponding respectively to the leading edge 211 a and trailing edge 211 b portions of the fibrous preform 200.
- the foot 22 has a bulb shape and here comprises a skeleton with four branches 23 to 26 in which the branches 213 to 216 of the foot preform part 212 extend respectively with the filling elements 217 to 220 present between the branches 23 to 26.
- the filling elements are also infiltrated by the resin injected into the tooling and secured to the branches 213 to 216 of the part of foot preform 212 by codensification.
- the filling elements are glued to the branches 23 to 26 during the polymerization of the resin injected into the tooling or after the polymerization.
- a glue can also be deposited on the contact surface of the filling elements 217 to 220 with the branches 213 to 216 of the foot preform part 212.
- the blade 20 thus comprises a foot 22 which has a suitable axisymmetric compact shape. for integration into a rotation or propeller pitch change system.
- the manufacturing process according to the present invention can in particular be used to produce turbomachine blades having a more complex geometry than the blades shown in Figures 6 and 9.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2203865A FR3134741B1 (fr) | 2022-04-26 | 2022-04-26 | Aube ou pale d’hélice avec pied composite en forme de croix ou d’étoile |
| PCT/FR2023/000053 WO2023209288A1 (fr) | 2022-04-26 | 2023-04-25 | Aube ou pale d'hélice avec pied composite en forme de croix ou d'étoile |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4514599A1 true EP4514599A1 (fr) | 2025-03-05 |
Family
ID=82942862
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23725373.7A Pending EP4514599A1 (fr) | 2022-04-26 | 2023-04-25 | Aube ou pale d'hélice avec pied composite en forme de croix ou d'étoile |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12558857B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4514599A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN119212856A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3134741B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023209288A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4648921A (en) * | 1980-10-02 | 1987-03-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of making fiber reinforced articles |
| FR2732406B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-29 | 1997-08-29 | Snecma | Aube de turbomachine en materiau composite |
| FR2861143B1 (fr) | 2003-10-20 | 2006-01-20 | Snecma Moteurs | Aube de turbomachine, notamment aube de soufflante et son procede de fabrication |
| FR2887601B1 (fr) | 2005-06-24 | 2007-10-05 | Snecma Moteurs Sa | Piece mecanique et procede de fabrication d'une telle piece |
| FR2954271B1 (fr) | 2009-12-21 | 2012-02-17 | Snecma | Pale d'helice d'aeronef |
| RU2653823C2 (ru) * | 2012-11-13 | 2018-05-14 | Снекма | Заготовка и моноблочная лопатка для газотурбинного двигателя |
| BR112016000215B1 (pt) * | 2013-07-08 | 2022-03-22 | Snecma | Pá de hélice de aeronave, motor aeronáutico, aeronave, e, processo de fabricação de uma pá de hélice de aeronave |
| FR3076814B1 (fr) * | 2018-01-12 | 2020-01-31 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Aube ou pale d'helice composite avec longeron integre pour aeronef |
-
2022
- 2022-04-26 FR FR2203865A patent/FR3134741B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-04-25 US US18/860,280 patent/US12558857B2/en active Active
- 2023-04-25 EP EP23725373.7A patent/EP4514599A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-04-25 WO PCT/FR2023/000053 patent/WO2023209288A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-25 CN CN202380041031.9A patent/CN119212856A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12558857B2 (en) | 2026-02-24 |
| WO2023209288A1 (fr) | 2023-11-02 |
| US20250282106A1 (en) | 2025-09-11 |
| FR3134741A1 (fr) | 2023-10-27 |
| FR3134741B1 (fr) | 2026-06-12 |
| CN119212856A (zh) | 2024-12-27 |
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