EP4505140A1 - Système et procédé interférométrique à atomes froids et à impulsions de lumière, pour mesure embarquée d'accélération ou de rotation - Google Patents
Système et procédé interférométrique à atomes froids et à impulsions de lumière, pour mesure embarquée d'accélération ou de rotationInfo
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- EP4505140A1 EP4505140A1 EP23716843.0A EP23716843A EP4505140A1 EP 4505140 A1 EP4505140 A1 EP 4505140A1 EP 23716843 A EP23716843 A EP 23716843A EP 4505140 A1 EP4505140 A1 EP 4505140A1
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- Prior art keywords
- axis
- laser
- rotation
- sequence
- measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C19/00—Gyroscopes; Turn-sensitive devices using vibrating masses; Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses; Measuring angular rate using gyroscopic effects
- G01C19/58—Turn-sensitive devices without moving masses
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of inertial sensors based on an atomic interferometer for acceleration and/or rotation measurements.
- inertial acceleration and rotation sensor based in particular on an atomic interferometer.
- This inertial sensor finds applications in an atomic gravimeter or gradiometer or in an on-board inertial navigation system for a mobile application, or even in geophysics applications or fundamental physics tests.
- An atomic interferometer combines optical and atomic technologies. More precisely, a cold atom interferometer is a system in which matter waves propagate along spatially separated paths that delimit a closed surface. An atomic interferometer is sensitive to inertial effects such as accelerations and rotations.
- an atom interferometer comprises a source of atoms and a trap for cold atoms configured to generate a cloud of atoms.
- the atomic interferometer includes a laser source emitting a sequence of interrogation laser pulses intended to interact with the fine structure of atoms by photon transfer.
- Atomic interferometer systems have a sensitivity several orders of magnitude greater than that of conventional mechanical sensors. However, these atomic interferometry systems face limitations in terms of robustness to tilts and vibrations. On the other hand, atomic interferometry systems today have a reduced sensitivity range (or dynamic range) compared to conventional sensors.
- Atomic interferometers allow extremely precise measurements. Atomic interferometers find applications in inertial sensors such as gravimeters, gradiometers, accelerometers and cold atom gyrometers.
- CAA cold atom accelerometers
- Most cold atom accelerometers (CAAs) are built in a gravimeter configuration, the purpose of which is to measure gravitational acceleration as precisely as possible.
- the measurement axis of an atom interferometer is defined by the normal to the surface of a retro-reflecting mirror arranged so as to reflect the interrogation field towards the cloud of cold atoms.
- the retro-reflecting mirror thus determines a frame of reference for the cold atom inertial sensor. In the case of a gravimeter or gradiometer, this normal is aligned with the vertical direction.
- One of the aims of the invention is to propose a cold atom interferometer system corrected for the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the invention proposes a cold atom interferometer system usable outside its nominal range of operation, which has both very high sensitivity and high measurement accuracy over a wide measurement range.
- the present disclosure proposes an interferometric system with cold atoms and pulses of light, the interferometric system comprising a vacuum chamber, a fixed laser source relative to the vacuum chamber, a plane retro-reflector optical component, an electronic system and a detection system, the vacuum chamber being able to contain a cloud of cold atoms, the laser source being adapted to generate a sequence of laser pulses in direction of the cloud of cold atoms along an axis of the laser, the retro-reflector optical component being arranged to reflect the sequence of laser pulses in the direction of the cloud of cold atoms, the sequence of laser pulses comprising N successive light pulses where N is an integer greater than or equal to three, the successive light pulses of the sequence being separated in time from one another by an interrogation time T; the retro-reflector optical component having a normal to its plane defining a measurement axis aligned with the axis of the laser at an initial
- the interferometric system comprises an actuation device mechanically connecting the optical component to a plate, the plate being fixed relative to the vacuum chamber, and at least one rotation sensor fixed relative to the vacuum chamber, the at least one rotation sensor and the electronic system being adapted to provide at least one measurement of rotation of the vacuum chamber around at least one axis transverse to the axis of the laser at each interrogation time of said sequence, the electronic system and the actuation device being capable of angularly tilting the optical component relative to said plate during each interrogation time of said sequence as a function of said at least one rotation measurement acquired by the rotation sensor. rotation during said interrogation time of said sequence, so as to compensate for a rotation of the vacuum chamber transversely to the axis of the laser at each successive light pulse of the sequence relative to an orientation of the vacuum chamber at the initial instant of the sequence.
- the electronic system is adapted to adjust an optical phase of the laser source emitting the sequence of pulses as a function of a measurement of Coriolis acceleration induced by a compensation rotation of the optical component.
- the actuation device comprises a first actuator capable of tilting the optical component relative to said plate around an axis of rotation transverse to the axis of the laser and/or a second actuator capable of tilt the optical component relative to said plate around another axis of rotation transverse to the axis of the laser.
- the at least one rotation sensor comprises a first gyroscope capable of acquiring a measurement of the rotation speed of the vacuum chamber around a first axis transverse to the axis of the laser and/or a second gyroscope capable of acquiring a measurement of the rotation speed of the vacuum chamber around a second axis transverse to the axis of the laser.
- the first gyroscope is an optical fiber gyroscope and the second gyroscope is an optical fiber gyroscope.
- each optical fiber gyroscope has a sensitivity of at least 1 prad/s/ ⁇ Hz.
- the first actuator and the second actuator are configured to tilt the plate with an angular resolution of less than 1 prad.
- the interrogation time is between 1 ms and several seconds, the first gyroscope and the second gyroscope being configured to acquire the rotation measurement, for example at an acquisition frequency of between 100 Hz and several kHz.
- the interferometric system comprises a conventional sensor, the conventional sensor comprising a first adapted accelerometer to acquire a measurement of acceleration of the stage along an axis transverse to the axis of the laser, a second accelerometer adapted to acquire a measurement of acceleration of the stage along another axis transverse to the axis of the laser and/or a third accelerometer fixed to the stage adapted to acquire a measurement of acceleration of the stage along the measurement axis or the axis of the laser, and the electronic system is adapted to hybridize the measurements of the conventional sensor with the measurements of the interferometric system.
- the conventional sensor comprises a third gyroscope capable of acquiring a measurement of the rotation speed of the stage around the axis of the laser.
- the inertial measurement by atomic interferometry is adapted to measure an acceleration and/or a rotation of the vacuum chamber.
- the present disclosure also relates to an interferometric method with cold atoms and light pulses comprising the following steps: generating a sequence of laser pulses in the direction of a cloud of cold atoms in a vacuum chamber, the sequence of laser pulses comprising N successive light pulses, where N is an integer greater than or equal to three, the successive light pulses of the sequence being separated temporally by an interrogation time T, the light pulses being reflected on a retro-optical component reflector, a normal to the plane of the retro-reflector optical component defining a measurement axis and being aligned with the axis of the laser at an initial instant of the sequence; at the end of the laser pulse sequence, carry out an inertial measurement by atomic interferometry of the cloud of atoms along the measurement axis, the inertial measurement being integrated during the laser pulse sequence; measure at least one rotation of the vacuum chamber around at least one axis transverse to the axis of the laser at each interrogation time of said sequence; at
- the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a measurement of Coriolis acceleration induced by a residual rotation of the mirror, resulting from the rotation of the chamber from which the compensation rotation of the optical component is subtracted and adjusting an optical phase of the laser source emitting the pulse sequence to compensate for the Coriolis acceleration measurement.
- Figure 1 schematically represents a cold atom interfer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
- Figure 2 schematically represents the operation of a cold atom interfer according to one embodiment of the present disclosure
- Figure 3 schematically represents contrast simulation curves of the fringes of a cold atom interfer as a function of an uncompensated rotation speed, and for different interrogation durations, in an inertial navigation application. ;
- Figure 4 schematically represents contrast simulation curves of the fringes of a cold atom interferometer as a function of an uncompensated rotation speed, and for different interrogation durations, in a space application;
- Figure 5 schematically represents a cold atom interferometer subjected to an uncompensated rotation of its measurement axis and shows the trajectories of the wave packets during a conventional three-pulse laser interrogation sequence
- Figure 6 schematically represents in perspective the trajectories of the wave packets during a conventional interrogation sequence with three laser pulses in a cold atom interferometer subjected to an uncompensated rotation transverse to its measurement axis;
- Figure 7 schematically represents an interrogation sequence with three laser pulses and indicates rotation speed measurements acquired by a gyroscope between each of the successive light pulses of the sequence;
- Figure 8 schematically represents the same interrogation sequence as in Figure 7, in which the rotation speed measurements are integrated as a function of time to provide, in real time, rotation angle measurements of the the measurement axis of the interferometer during the sequence and the mirror inclination angle instructions;
- Figure 9 schematically represents a cold atom interferometer in which a rotation transverse to its measurement axis is corrected and shows the trajectories of the wave packets during an interrogation sequence with three laser pulses;
- Figure 10 schematically represents in three dimensions the trajectories of the wave packets during an interrogation sequence with three laser pulses in a cold atom interferometer corrected for a rotation transverse to its measurement axis.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents an interferometric system 100 with cold atoms and light pulses according to one embodiment.
- the cold atom interferometric system 100 comprises a source of atoms and a trap for cold atoms configured to generate and trap a cloud of cold atoms 8.
- Alkaline atoms such as atoms of cesium (Cs), rubidium (Rb) and/or potassium (K).
- patent document WO2018/154254 Al describes an atomic interferometer.
- the cloud of cold atoms 8 is confined inside a vacuum chamber 7 or experimental chamber. In applications to an accelerometer or gravimeter, the cloud of cold atoms 8 has zero initial velocity.
- the laser beams of the trap are adapted to allow the cloud of cold atoms 8 to be launched following an initial direction of propagation determined with an initial speed.
- the vacuum chamber is on board a mobile vehicle.
- the interferometric system 100 comprises a laser source 6, a plane retro-reflector optical component 5 and a detection system 17.
- the laser source 6 and the detection system 17 are fixed relative to the chamber experimental 7.
- the plane retro-reflector optical component 5 is a mirror, as illustrated in Figure 1.
- the plane retro-reflector optical component 5 is a two-dimensional diffraction grating as described in the document of patent FR 3109221.
- the normal to the surface of the plane retro-reflector optical component 5 is aligned with the measurement axis of the atomic interferometer which is noted
- the laser source 6 emits a laser beam 11.
- a collimator collimates the laser beam 11.
- the retro-reflector optical component 5 receives the laser beam 11 and forms a reflected laser beam 12.
- the laser beam 11, respectively reflected laser beam 12, is propagates with a wave vector ki, respectively k.
- the experimental chamber 7 is provided with a window to let the laser beam 11 emitted by the laser source 6 pass.
- the axis of the laser source 6 or laser axis is denoted ⁇ t/.
- the laser axis is defined by the optical collimator which is attached to the experimental chamber.
- the axis of the laser is fixed in the reference frame of the experimental chamber 7.
- an atomic interferometry measurement is based on the emission of a sequence of laser pulses.
- the successive light pulses of a sequence are generally spaced temporally from each other by an interrogation duration T or interrogation time.
- T interrogation duration
- the “n/2” pulses of duration equal to T make it possible to separate or recombine matter waves associated with atoms.
- the “n” pulses of duration equal to 2T make it possible to deflect the matter waves.
- sequences comprising more than three pulses are also used, in particular a sequence of four light pulses, “n/2 - n - n - n/2”.
- a first light pulse 21 interacts with the cloud of cold atoms 8 so as to spatially separate the wave associated with each atom into a first wave of atoms 31 moving along a first path and, respectively, a second wave of atoms 32 heading along a second path.
- At least a second light pulse 22 interacts with the two separate atom waves 31, 32 to redirect them.
- a final light pulse 29 spatially recombines the two atom waves 31, 32.
- the area defined by the paths of the two atom waves 31, 32 between the separation and the recombination defines an atomic interferometry area.
- the sensitivity of the atomic interferometer is generally proportional to the area delimited by the two paths.
- the detection system 17 makes it possible to measure the atomic interferometry phase shift accumulated between the two atom waves 31, 32 on their respective paths between their separation and their recombination.
- the detection system 17 is pointed at the center of the chamber towards the cloud of atoms 8, maximizing the observed field.
- the detection system 17 records a fluorescence signal emitted by the atoms isotropically.
- the detection system 17 is mechanically attached to the experimental chamber 7 and therefore to the collimator defining the axis of the laser.
- the detection system records an average over the entire cloud of atoms 8.
- an inertial frame of reference or absolute inertial frame of reference is defined external to the interferometric system 100.
- This inertial frame of reference is fixed in relation to the room, to the laboratory, or in relation to a geocentric frame of reference where the atomic interferometer embedded for example on a mobile vehicle.
- We know the orientation of the chamber 7 and the position of the mirror 5 at an initial instant to 0 for each sequence of laser pulses relative to the inertial reference frame.
- Experimental chamber 7 defines the rotating frame of reference in relation to the inertial frame of reference.
- the rotating frame of reference is defined by the axis of the laser ⁇ t ⁇ and by two axes transverse to the axis of the laser, for example the axes X and Y.
- the detection system 17 of the measurement signal is integral with the experimental chamber 7 and therefore of the rotating frame of reference.
- Atomic interferometry measurements are carried out in the rotating reference frame.
- the inertial frame of reference is not linked to the rotating frame of reference.
- the inertial frame of reference does not undergo inertial effects such as the acceleration and rotation of the mobile, as opposed to the rotating frame of reference.
- the laser axis and the measurement axis of the atomic interferometer are aligned, in other words the angle a between the axis of the laser ⁇ t ⁇ and the measurement axis is zero.
- the laser axis and the measurement axis remain aligned throughout the interferometry sequence.
- a rotation is applied to the mirror 5 during each interrogation time between two successive light pulses of the same interferometry sequence to compensate for a rotation of the experimental chamber accumulated on the entire interrogation time relative to the inertial reference frame.
- Rotation applied to the mirror causes misalignment between the laser axis the measurement axis during the interferometry sequence. Consequently, the angle a can vary during an interferometric measurement.
- the normal to the optical component 5 is realigned with the axis of the laser 6 to find its initial position.
- the interferometric system 100 comprises a detection system 17 of an inertial measurement signal by atomic interferometry relating to the inertial reference frame.
- the detection system 17 can be arranged inside or outside the experimental chamber 7.
- the detection system 17 includes a point detector which detects all of the atoms.
- the detection system 17 includes a camera which forms an image of the overlap of the two clouds of atoms and makes it possible to observe spatially resolved interferometry fringes.
- the detection system 17 detects, for example by fluorescence, a signal representative of the quantum state of the atoms after recombination of the two clouds of atoms at the end of the interferometry sequence, as described in the patent document WO 2019/102157 Al.
- reading the interference state of atoms is done in two stages, using two new laser reading pulses.
- the first reading laser pulse is adjusted in wavelength to one of the states of the atoms.
- a photoreceptor detects a fluorescence signal which results from the absorption of this reading laser pulse.
- a second reading laser pulse makes it possible to measure an overall fluorescence signal to determine the total number of atoms.
- the two successive measurements provide information on the relative state of interference between atoms.
- the detection of the two populations of atoms (on one of the states and the total population) gives a ratio which is then plotted as a function of this atomic phase shift in order to observe interferometric fringes.
- the interferometric system 100 also includes an electronic system 3, for example of the FPGA type (for “field programmable gate array”). As detailed below, the electronic system 3 monitors and controls the different elements of the interferometric system 100, such as the sequence of the laser pulses and the orientation of the optical component 5. In addition, the electronic system 3 receives the signals from the system detection 17 of the atomic interferometer and different sensors 1, 2 and/or 9, in order to process them to apply a counter-reaction on certain elements and extract very high precision atomic interferometry measurements.
- the electronic system 3 monitors and controls the different elements of the interferometric system 100, such as the sequence of the laser pulses and the orientation of the optical component 5.
- the electronic system 3 receives the signals from the system detection 17 of the atomic interferometer and different sensors 1, 2 and/or 9, in order to process them to apply a counter-reaction on certain elements and extract very high precision atomic interferometry measurements.
- the speed of rotation transverse to the measurement axis is for example included in a range between 0 and 100 mrad/s (this range being in no way limiting, but chosen here for clarity of presentation).
- Figure 3 shows different curves corresponding to different interrogation durations T of an atomic interferometry sequence: 3.0 ms (disk-shaped marks), 5.0 ms (squares), 10.0 ms (diamonds) and 20.0 ms (cross).
- the limiting transverse rotation speed is approximately 34 mrad/s.
- the limit transverse rotation speed is approximately 8 mrad/s.
- the limiting transverse rotation speed is approximately 2 mrad/s.
- the speed of rotation transverse to the measurement axis is for example included in a range between 0 and 0.0010 mrad/s (this range being in no way limiting, but chosen here for clarity of presentation).
- FIG. 4 different curves corresponding to different interrogation durations T of an atomic interferometry sequence: 1000 ms (discs), 2000 ms (squares), 3000 ms (diamonds), 5000 ms (crosses).
- the atomic interferometer can operate with a limited loss of contrast (i.e.
- the limiting transverse rotation speed is approximately 0.0002 mrad/s.
- the limiting transverse rotation speed is approximately 0.0001 mrad/s.
- the limiting transverse rotation speed is approximately 0.00005 mrad/s.
- the rotation speed experienced by the interferometer can be random and even variable during the interferometry sequence.
- FIG 6 the same interferometry sequence as in Figure 5 is shown in perspective.
- the paths of the two packets of atoms 31 and 32 are shown in solid lines.
- the paths of the two packets of atoms 31 and 32 are shown in dashed lines. projection of the paths of the atom packets 31 and 32 in the planes (Y, t) and (Z, t).
- We also observe here that the paths of the two packets of atoms 31 and 32 do not completely overlap at time t 2T, because of the rotation around any axis, since this rotation has a transverse component. to the measurement axis.
- a rotation of the inertial reference frame around its measurement axis has no effect on the contrast of the atomic interferometry measurements.
- the present disclosure proposes to measure and compensate in real time, during a sequence of pulses, the effects of a rotation around any axis transverse to the interferometric measurement axis.
- the plane retro-reflector optical component 5 is mounted on a plate 4.
- the plate 4 is mechanically rigidly linked to the experimental chamber 7.
- the laser 6 is also fixed to the vacuum chamber 7.
- An actuation device 13, 14 mechanically connects the optical component 5 to the plate 4.
- the actuation device 13, 14 comprises for example one or two piezoelectric actuators.
- the actuating device 13, 14 makes it possible to tilt the optical component 5 relative to the plate 4, that is to say relative to the inertial reference frame.
- the orthonormal reference frame of the inertial reference frame comprises the axis of the laser and two axes X and Y orthogonal to the axis of the laser, the axis X being orthogonal to the axis Y.
- the axis of the laser and the measurement axis are aligned.
- the measurement axis is aligned along a local vertical axis before the start of an interferometry sequence.
- the actuating device 13, 14 is chosen to enable the optical component 5 to be oriented with great precision, great stability and wide bandwidth.
- a first piezoelectric actuator 13 makes it possible to tilt the optical component 5 by rotation or pivoting around a first axis of rotation transverse to the axis of the laser
- a second piezoelectric actuator 14 makes it possible to tilt the optical component 5 by rotation or pivoting around a second axis of rotation transverse to the axis of the laser ⁇ t ⁇ and transverse to the first axis of rotation.
- the measurement axis pivots at the same time as the optical component 5.
- the first axis of rotation is orthogonal to the second axis of rotation.
- actuators 13, 14 are chosen having a resolution of the order of a micro-rad in a closed loop and of the order of a hundred nano-rad in a loop opened.
- the repeatability of the actuators is of the order of micro-rad and their bandwidth of the order of kHz.
- the angular dynamic is of the order of 35 mrad.
- the acceleration vector a represents the total acceleration vector which is applied to the atoms 8 in the experimental chamber 7.
- Figure 1 is a simplified view projected in two dimensions, for better understanding. This total acceleration vector a is the sum of the gravity g at the local point and the other accelerations experienced by the atoms 8 in the experimental chamber 7. Consequently, the total acceleration vector a can have a random orientation in the space.
- the atomic interferometer 100 measures a projection of the acceleration vector a on the measurement axis which is normal to the reflecting surface of the optical component 5.
- the interferometric system 100 further comprises at least one rotation sensor 1, 2 fixed to the inertial reference frame, for example to the plate 4.
- the at least one rotation sensor 1, 2 is fixed to the experimental chamber 7.
- the interferometric system 100 comprises for example a first gyroscope 1 arranged and configured so as to acquire a measurement of the rotation speed Qx of the plate 4 around a first axis transverse to the axis of the laser and a second gyroscope 2 arranged and configured so as to acquire a measurement of rotation speed QY of the plate 4 around a second axis Y transverse to the axis of the laser ⁇ t ⁇ ⁇
- a first gyroscope 1 arranged and configured so as to acquire a measurement of the rotation speed Qx of the plate 4 around a first axis transverse to the axis of the laser
- a second gyroscope 2 arranged and configured so as to acquire a measurement of rotation speed QY of the plate 4 around a second axis
- each rotation sensor 1, 2 therefore makes it possible to measure a rotation of the experimental chamber around an axis transverse to the measurement axis.
- the gyroscopes 1, 2 are optical fiber gyroscopes which present at the both high sensitivity, precision and great measurement dynamics.
- the gyroscopes 1, 2 have a sensitivity of the order of 100 nrad/s/ ⁇ Hz, a precision of the order of 5 prad/s and a dynamic range greater than 0.1 rad/s .
- the first gyroscope 1 transmits to the electronic system 3 the measurement of rotation speed x around the first axis X and, respectively, the second gyroscope 2 transmits to the electronic system 3 the speed measurement of rotation y around the second axis Y.
- the electronic system 3 acquires at least one rotation speed measurement on each gyroscope at each interrogation duration T of a sequence.
- the electronic system 3 receives a rotation speed measurement x,y(ti) at a time ti located between the first laser pulse 21 and the second laser pulse 22.
- the electronic system 3 receives a rotation speed measurement x.yftz) at a time t? located between the second laser pulse 22 and the last laser pulse 29.
- the instant ti respectively tz is located for example at a duration tdei after the end of the first pulse 21, respectively of the second laser pulse 22.
- the duration tdei is less than the interrogation duration T.
- the solid line curve represents the rotation of the reference frame in the inertial frame of reference.
- these measurements are carried out in parallel for the two axes X and Y of the gyroscopes 1 and 2.
- This evaluation can be based on a temporal integration over the interrogation duration T.
- the angle of rotation 9 can be calculated from a single speed measurement of rotation x,y(ti) which, once integrated over the entire interrogation duration T, gives us an angle which can be extrapolated as the angle of the rotation during this duration.
- the rotation angle 0 ⁇ Y (T) is applied to the mirror actuators 5 from time ti to time t?.
- the angle of rotation ) applied is equal in absolute value and of opposite sign to x,v(ti).T.
- the angle of rotation 9 can be calculated from a single measurement of rotation speed x,Y(tz) at a time t? , this measurement being extrapolated over the interrogation duration T.
- the setpoint for the angle of rotation 0 ⁇ Y (2T) to be applied to the optical component 5 is calculated relative to its angular position 0 ⁇ Y (T) at the time of the second laser pulse 22 of the same interferometry sequence.
- the angle of rotation 0 ⁇ (2T) is applied to the actuators of mirror 5 from time t? until the end of the interferometry sequence.
- the rotation angle 0 ⁇ (2T) applied is equal in absolute value and of opposite sign to x,Y(tz).T. We thus operate two successive angle jumps during the same interferometry sequence.
- the electronic system 3 applies to the piezoelectric actuators 13, 14 an angle of rotation 0 ⁇ (T) from the instant ti, and respectively an angle of rotation 0 ' ⁇ (2T) from the instant tz, of the same amplitude and of opposite sign to the angle 0 ⁇ Y calculated during the first interrogation duration, and respectively during the last interrogation duration. More precisely, the angle of rotation 9 is compensated before the application of the second pulse 22. Likewise, the angle of rotation 9 is compensated before the application of the last pulse 29.
- the electronic system 3 makes it possible to compensate for the rotations undergone by the interferometric system 100 in real time, that is to say during each interrogation duration of a sequence of laser pulses.
- the choice of the moment when the actuators exert a rotation is generally dictated by the technical characteristics of the actuators.
- the actuators apply a rotation shortly after the pulse i-1, for example after a duration of 2.5 ms for an interrogation duration T equal to 10 ms.
- the actuators apply rotation successively several times between two successive laser pulses. The important point is that the angle of rotation 0 of the experimental chamber 7 accumulated between two successive laser pulses, respectively i-1 and i, is corrected as best as possible at the moment when the pulse i is operated, that is to say at moment when the laser and atoms interact.
- fl x represents the rotation speed measured by the first gyroscope 1 around the X axis
- fl r represents the rotation speed measured by the second gyroscope 2 around the Y axis
- fl z represents the speed rotation around the Z axis measured optionally by a third gyroscope.
- the vector 0 m is the vector opposite the rotation of the experimental chamber 7, in other words the temporally integrated rotation speed vector.
- the Z axis here coincides with the measurement axis. Note, however, that the rotations around the measurement axis do not play a role in the loss of contrast or in the correction of the orientation of the mirror 5.
- the duration T of the laser pulses is generally negligible compared to the polling time T.
- the algorithm of the FPGA 3 determines an associated matrix of rotation angle 0 to be applied to the vector k defining the normal to the surface of the optical component 5, so as to to align this vector k with its initial position at time to of the sequence.
- the vector k is here identical to k e ff or to the measurement axis.
- this compensation of the rotations of the measurement axis transverse to this axis makes it possible to obtain better spatial coverage of the atom wave packets at the end of the sequence d interferometry, and therefore increase the contrast of the fringes.
- the interferometric system thus makes it possible to resolve the technical problem of loss of contrast induced by rotation of the experimental chamber 7 relative to the inertial reference frame.
- the optical component 5 and/or the piezoelectric actuators 13, 14 comprise(s) a servo control device provided with orientation sensors which make it possible to measure the real angle d eai around the first axis, respectively G ⁇ eai around the second axis, of the optical component 5 relative to the rotation angle setpoint 9 and around the first axis, respectively 0 and around the second axis.
- the electronic system 3 can thus effectively control in real time the position of the optical component 5 as a function of the rotations undergone by the inertial reference frame.
- a classic inertial sensor 9 is fixed to the plate 4.
- the classic inertial sensor 9 is arranged so as to be sensitive to an acceleration or a rotation along its measurement axis noted We note y the angle formed between of the classic inertial sensor 9 and the axis of the acceleration vector a.
- the classic inertial sensor 9 comprises an accelerometer for measuring the acceleration along the axis
- the classic inertial sensor 9 comprises three accelerometers arranged to measure the acceleration along three orthonormal axes.
- the classic inertial sensor 9 comprises a third gyroscope to measure the rotation around
- the atomic interferometer 100 is used in an application to rotation measurements around and the third conventional inertial sensor 9 comprises an accelerometer and/or a third gyroscope for measuring the acceleration, respectively the rotation relative to the measurement axis of the classic inertial sensor 9.
- the classic inertial sensor 9 being fixed to the plate 4 which is rigidly linked to the vacuum chamber 7, we know the initial angle P between the axis of the laser ⁇ t/ and the measurement axis of the classic inertial sensor 9. We also know the initial angle a between the measurement axis of the atomic interferometer laser it/.
- the measurements of the classic inertial sensor 9 are not used for the compensation of the mirror 5.
- the classic inertial sensor 9 is used to hybridize the measurements of the atomic interferometer and the conventional acceleration or rotation measurements taken from of the classic inertial sensor 9 as described in patent FR 1751457.
- the measurements of the classic inertial sensor 9 are used to determine the interference fringe corresponding to the acceleration measurement via the atomic interferometer.
- the measurements of the classic inertial sensor 9 are also used to correct a phase shift due to vibrations.
- the phase shift correction also includes, specifically in the context of the rotation correction, the Coriolis phase shift and misalignments detailed below.
- a Coriolis acceleration is an acceleration induced by the interaction between atoms falling in a straight line under the effect of gravity relative to the inertial reference frame (from the laboratory, geocentric, in all cases a fixed reference frame which does not undergo not the inertial effects) and the mirror 5 which rotates relative to this same inertial frame of reference.
- a phase term introduced both by the rotations of the vacuum chamber 7 and by the angular compensation of the mirror 5 is calculated in real time.
- the Coriolis term comes into play when measuring acceleration, defined by the following equation:
- m represents the real rotation speed vector of mirror 5 in the inertial frame of reference and v a t the speed of the wave packets of atoms. m corresponds to a residual rotation speed of the mirror resulting from the rotation of the chamber from which the applied compensation is subtracted.
- v(t) represents the integral of a(t), namely the speed of the mirror relative to the atoms.
- the interferometric system makes it possible to realign the reference optical component 5 relative to its initial position between each interferometry sequence. This system thus makes it possible to avoid a loss of contrast in the measured interferometric signals. It thus makes it possible to carry out atomic interferometry measurements in a mobile environment subject to randomly variable rotations without requiring a complex and bulky stabilization system.
- the system makes it possible to reconstruct the atomic interferometry fringes in real time during a sequence and to correct the phase of the laser before the last pulse of an interferometry sequence so that the total phase at the end of the interferometry sequence takes this term into account.
- the classic inertial sensor 9 comprises a third gyroscope to measure the rotation around the axis.
- the third gyroscope is based on MEMS or laser gyroscope or optical fiber gyroscope technology. This double correction makes it possible to preserve the refocusing or tracking of the central fringe of the interferogram.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2203057A FR3134177B1 (fr) | 2022-04-04 | 2022-04-04 | Système et procédé interférométrique à atomes froids et à impulsions de lumière, pour mesure embarquée d’accélération ou de rotation |
| PCT/EP2023/058657 WO2023194296A1 (fr) | 2022-04-04 | 2023-04-03 | Système et procédé interférométrique à atomes froids et à impulsions de lumière, pour mesure embarquée d'accélération ou de rotation |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4505140A1 true EP4505140A1 (fr) | 2025-02-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP23716843.0A Pending EP4505140A1 (fr) | 2022-04-04 | 2023-04-03 | Système et procédé interférométrique à atomes froids et à impulsions de lumière, pour mesure embarquée d'accélération ou de rotation |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4505140A1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2023248639A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3134177B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023194296A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118818627B (zh) * | 2024-06-27 | 2025-08-29 | 华中科技大学 | 调整反射角光路机构和拉曼光初始倾角的快速测量方法 |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3063141B1 (fr) | 2017-02-23 | 2021-02-12 | Ixblue | Systeme et procede hybride de mesure inertielle base sur un interferometre a atomes froids et a impulsions lumineuses |
| FR3074371B1 (fr) | 2017-11-24 | 2021-05-14 | Ixblue | Dispositif et procede d'interaction entre un faisceau laser agile et une transition energetique hyperfine d'une espece chimique |
| FR3109221B1 (fr) | 2020-04-10 | 2022-07-15 | Ixblue | Interféromètre atomique à réseau de diffraction bidimensionnel et procédé d’interférométrie atomique |
| CN113219546B (zh) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-02-22 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | 一种基于压电偏转镜的小型化原子干涉重力仪振动噪声补偿方法及装置 |
-
2022
- 2022-04-04 FR FR2203057A patent/FR3134177B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-04-03 WO PCT/EP2023/058657 patent/WO2023194296A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-03 EP EP23716843.0A patent/EP4505140A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-04-03 AU AU2023248639A patent/AU2023248639A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2023248639A1 (en) | 2024-10-17 |
| WO2023194296A1 (fr) | 2023-10-12 |
| FR3134177B1 (fr) | 2024-04-26 |
| FR3134177A1 (fr) | 2023-10-06 |
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