EP4504447A1 - Procédé de soudage de deux conduits l'un à l'autre, tuyauterie correspondante - Google Patents
Procédé de soudage de deux conduits l'un à l'autre, tuyauterie correspondanteInfo
- Publication number
- EP4504447A1 EP4504447A1 EP23718236.5A EP23718236A EP4504447A1 EP 4504447 A1 EP4504447 A1 EP 4504447A1 EP 23718236 A EP23718236 A EP 23718236A EP 4504447 A1 EP4504447 A1 EP 4504447A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- conduits
- zone
- internal surface
- stainless steel
- welding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/028—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
- B23K9/0282—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K33/00—Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connections; Filling the seams formed thereby
- B23K33/004—Filling of continuous seams
- B23K33/006—Filling of continuous seams for cylindrical workpieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
- B23K9/028—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
- B23K9/0282—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections
- B23K9/0284—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections with an electrode working inside the tube
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/23—Arc welding or cutting taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L13/00—Non-disconnectable pipe joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive, or caulked joints
- F16L13/02—Welded joints
- F16L13/0254—Welded joints the pipes having an internal or external coating
- F16L13/0263—Welded joints the pipes having an internal or external coating having an internal coating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C17/00—Monitoring; Testing ; Maintaining
- G21C17/017—Inspection or maintenance of pipe-lines or tubes in nuclear installations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
- B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
Definitions
- TITLE Process for welding two conduits together, corresponding piping
- the present invention generally relates to the welding of two conduits to each other.
- circuits of the safety injection system of a pressurized water nuclear reactor comprise stainless steel pipes of complex shapes. These pipes are made up of several conduits welded to each other. The presence of cracks resulting from a phenomenon of stress corrosion has been observed in certain nuclear reactors. These cracks are present on the internal surface of the pipe, near the welds.
- FIG. 1 This situation is illustrated in Figure 1.
- the piping shown in this figure comprises two conduits 1, 3 welded to each other by a peripheral weld 5.
- the free edges of the ends of the two conduits 1 and 3 delimit between them a chamfer filled with the filler metal.
- Cracks 7 have been shown on the internal surface 9 of conduits 1 and 3, near weld 5.
- the cost for a nuclear reactor operator would be particularly high.
- the invention aims to propose a welding process that can be used to repair cracks in the safety injection system of pressurized water reactors, which does not present the above disadvantages.
- the invention relates to a method of welding two conduits to each other, the conduits having respective conduit ends having respective free edges, the method comprising the following successive steps:
- the medium is the primary cooling liquid of the nuclear reactor core, the composition of which cannot be changed without calling into question the entire operation of the reactor.
- the idea behind the invention is to ensure that the tensile stresses are concentrated only in the reloading zone, where the stainless steel has been deposited.
- Figure 2 is a numerical simulation of the axial stress level around the weld in Figure 1.
- Zones a, b and c are zones in which the material presents axial tensile stresses, these stresses decreasing from a to c.
- Zones d, e and f are the zones in which the material presents axial compressive stresses, these stresses increasing from d to f.
- Zones f to a correspond respectively to the following axial stress ranges: -150 to -100 MPa; -100 to -50 MPa; -50 to 0 MPa; 0 to 50 MPa; 50 to 100 MPa; 100 to 150 MPa.
- Figure 3 is a numerical simulation showing the plastic deformation of the material around the weld of Figure 1.
- the deformation scale is graduated from a to f, the deformations decreasing from a to f. These deformations are expressed in % relative to the work hardening law of the material, here the material of the conduit 1, 3.
- Zones f to a correspond respectively to the following plastic deformation ranges: 0 to 5%; 5 to 10%; 10 to 15%; 15 to 20%; 20 to 25%; 25 to 30%.
- a layer of stainless steel is deposited on either side of the weld, before welding the two ends of the conduit to each other. After welding from the two ends of conduits to each other, the areas of the internal surface presenting tensile stresses and/or significant levels of plastic deformation are located in the deposited stainless steel. The areas of the internal surface more distant from the weld, made of the original pipe material, present only compressive stresses.
- the areas of the internal surface presenting tensile stresses consist of the deposited stainless steel. This material has such a structure that it is not likely to develop stress corrosion.
- the process may also have one or more of the characteristics below, considered individually or in all technically possible combinations:
- the stainless steel is an austenitic stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy
- the filling step is carried out by depositing the stainless steel by a welding method with filler metal, for example a TIG welding method or a coated electrode welding method;
- the recessed zone has a determined length chosen so that, after welding, only the deposited stainless steel presents tensile stresses, an intermediate zone of the internal surface adjoining the stainless steel presenting compressive stresses;
- the method comprises a step of determining the length determined by calculation
- the determination step includes the following sub-steps:
- the determination step includes the following sub-steps:
- the welding step includes the following sub-steps:
- the ends of the conduits are welded to each other by an original weld, the process comprising, before the elimination step, a step of separating the ends of the conduits and eliminating the weld from origin.
- the invention relates to piping comprising two conduits welded to one another according to the method having the above characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic representation, in section, of a pipe presenting on its internal surface cracks resulting from a phenomenon of stress corrosion;
- FIG. 2 is a digital simulation of the piping in Figure 1, showing the axial stresses near the weld;
- FIG. 3 is a digital simulation of the piping in Figure 1, showing the level of plastic deformation near the weld; - Figures 4 to 8 schematically illustrate successive stages of the process of the invention;
- FIG. 9 is a numerical simulation illustrating the level of axial stress in the ends of the conduits at the step of Figure 6;
- FIG. 13 is a digital simulation showing in the upper part the level of axial stress in the ends of conduits for the invention at the step of Figure 8, the lower part showing the level of axial stress in the ends of conduits for an alternative process in which conduit ends are first butt welded, then the internal surface is resurfaced with stainless steel.
- this piping comprises two conduits 1, 3 having respective conduit ends 11, 13 joined to one another by weld 5. It has a central axis C.
- the piping is typically piping from a nuclear reactor.
- it is a piping of the safety injection system of the nuclear reactor.
- the piping is typically intended to transport the primary heat transfer fluid of the nuclear reactor.
- the piping is intended to transport a fluid other than the primary heat transfer fluid of the nuclear reactor.
- the piping may also belong to an industrial installation other than a nuclear reactor.
- Pipes 1 and 3 are typically made of stainless steel, for example 304L, 316L stainless steel or even type 347 stainless steel.
- the process includes a step of separating the ends of conduits 11, 13 from each other, and eliminating the original weld 5.
- each end of conduit 11, 13 has a free edge 14.
- the method then comprises a step of removing a layer from the internal surface 9 of each end of conduit 11, 13, thus creating a recessed zone 15 in the internal surface 9 extending to the free edge 14.
- the recessed zone 15 extends over the entire periphery of the conduit end 11, 13. It has, along the central axis C of the conduit end, a determined length I. It has a determined depth p . The length is taken from the free edge 14, along the central axis C, towards the inside of the conduit.
- the process then includes a step of filling the recessed area 15, by depositing a stainless steel 17.
- the stainless steel 17 is preferably an austenitic stainless steel, in particular a low-carbon austenitic steel, or a nickel-based alloy.
- the suitable stainless steel is type 316LSi, 316L, 308L or Inconel® 82 or even Inconel® 52.
- Stainless steel 17 preferably completely fills the recessed area 15.
- the filling step is typically carried out by depositing the stainless steel 17 in the recessed area 15 by a welding method with filler metal.
- This welding method is for example an orbital TIG welding method.
- the method is a coated electrode welding method.
- the method then preferably comprises a step of machining the deposited stainless steel layer 17. This step aims to obtain an equivalent internal diameter on the two ends of conduits 10, 1 1 to be assembled. The free surface of stainless steel 17 is machined to a shallow depth.
- Non-destructive testing of the deposited material, in this case stainless steel 17, can be carried out.
- the process then includes a step of end-to-end welding of the ends of conduits 11, 13 to one another.
- This welding step includes the following sub-steps:
- each free edge 14 is machined so as to have a frustoconical shape, coaxial with the central axis C.
- the diameter of this frustoconical surface decreases when we follow the central axis C towards the other end of the conduit.
- the chamfer 19 has the shape of a groove with a closed contour, of substantially V-shaped section in a radial plane containing the central axis C.
- the width of the chamfer 19 decreases radially from the outside towards the inside of the ends of the conduits.
- the chamfer filling sub-step is carried out by depositing the stainless steel by a filler metal welding method, typically by an orbital TIG welding method.
- the stainless steel 21 filling the chamfer 19 is the same as that which is deposited in the recessed zone 15. In other words, it has the same composition.
- the stainless steel 21 filling the chamfer 19 is of a different shade from the stainless steel 17 deposited in the recessed area 15.
- conduits 11, 13 are welded to each other.
- the root 25 of the weld is flush between the layers of stainless steel 17 deposited in the recessed areas 15 of the two ends of conduits 11, 13.
- These layers of stainless steel 17 extend over the internal surface 9, on either side of the root 25, substantially over an axial length I. They extend over the entire periphery of the ends of conduits 11, 13 .
- Figure 10 represents the axial stresses in the ends of conduits 11, 13 at the end of the welding step, that is to say in the situation of Figure 8.
- the tensile stresses are concentrated at the level of the root 25 of the weld, and in the layer of stainless steel 17 deposited on either side of it.
- the internal surface areas 9 of the ends of conduits 11, 13 which are not constituted by the deposited stainless steel 17 only present compressive stresses.
- Figure 11 represents the plastic deformation in the ends of conduits 11, 13, after machining of the stainless steel layer 17 deposited in the recessed zone, that is to say in the situation of Figure 6.
- Figure 1 1 shows that the material constituting the ends of conduit 1 1, 13 is only very slightly plastically deformed at this stage of the process.
- Figure 12 shows the plastic deformation in the ends of conduits 1 1, 13 at the end of the welding step, that is to say in the situation of Figure 8.
- the areas of the internal surface 9 of the ends of the conduits having a plastic deformation greater than 10% relative to the work hardening law of the material of the conduit 1, 3 are all located in the layer of stainless steel 17 deposited in the recessed zone 15.
- the zones of the internal surface 9 which do not belong to the stainless steel layer 17 have plastic deformations of less than 10% compared to the work hardening law of the material of the conduit 1, 3. These plastic deformations are of level e or f.
- the stainless steel 17 deposited in the recessed zone 15 is not likely to undergo stress corrosion, due to its nature.
- the presence of ferrite can be considered favorable for resistance to stress corrosion.
- austenitic steels used for stainless steel 17 are low carbon, generally less than 0.03%, to avoid intergranular corrosion by dechromization of grain boundaries following the precipitation of chromium carbides.
- Figure 13 compares the results obtained with the process of the invention and with an alternative process not in accordance with the invention.
- the upper part of Figure 13 is identical to Figure 10. It shows the level of axial stresses in the pipe ends 11, 13 at the end of the welding step, that is to say in the situation of figure 8.
- the determined length I of the recessed zone 15, as indicated above, is chosen so that, after welding, only the deposited stainless steel 17 presents tensile stresses.
- the method comprises a step of determining the determined length I, by calculation.
- This determination step includes at least the following substeps:
- the result of the simulation sub-step is shown in Figure 2.
- the traction zone 27 extends between the weld 30 connecting the ends of conduits 11, 13 to each other and said limit L.
- Compression zone 29 extends beyond said limit.
- the traction zone 27 only includes portions of the internal surface 9 undergoing tensile stresses, or on the contrary may include both portions of the internal surface 9 undergoing tensile stresses and others undergoing compressive stresses. .
- the compression zone 29 only includes portions of the internal surface 9 presenting compressive stresses.
- the limit L is placed as close as possible to the weld 30.
- the determination step comprises, in addition to or instead of the sub-steps defined above, the following other sub-steps:
- the determined level is typically 10% relative to the work hardening law of the material of the conduit 1, 3.
- the result of the simulation step is shown in Figure 3.
- the deformation zone 31 extends between the weld 30 and the limit L'.
- the slightly deformed zone 33 extends beyond the limit L'.
- the deformation zone 31 only comprises portions of the internal surface 9 in which the level of plastic deformation is greater than the determined level, or on the contrary comprises both portions in which the plastic deformation is greater than the determined level and other portions for which the plastic deformation is lower than the determined level.
- the slightly deformed zone 33 only includes portions of the internal surface 9 in which the plastic deformation is less than the determined level.
- the determined length I of the recessed zone 15 is fixed arbitrarily, that is to say on the basis of the experience of the operator, without prior simulation.
- the depth p of the recessed zone 15 is chosen so as to guarantee, at the end of the different stages of the process, the expected metallurgical and chemical properties of resistance to corrosion under stress. This depth must also make it possible to absorb the plastic deformations which will be generated during the butt welding stage.
- the determined length I is between 20 mm and 40 mm.
- the external diameters of pipes are generally between 200 mm and 350 mm and have a thickness between 20 mm and 37 mm.
- the depth p in this case is typically between 2 mm and 6 mm.
- the welding process can have multiple variations.
- the recessed area is only created on the internal surface of one of the two ends of the conduits, then filled with stainless steel. The other end of the conduit does not undergo the stainless steel resurfacing operation.
- the chamfer has been described as having a general groove shape, of V-shaped section.
- the chamfer can have any other suitable shape.
- the section can be U-shaped, or rectangular, etc.
- the method is typically applied to repair piping consisting of two conduits whose ends are welded to each other.
- austenitic stainless steel or a nickel-based alloy to fill the recessed area guarantees excellent resistance to stress corrosion on the internal surface of the conduits.
- Determining this length by simulating plastic deformations is also particularly convenient.
- the choice of the determined length is particularly robust.
- the welding step includes both the machining of the free edges of the conduit ends and the filling of the chamfer thus formed by said stainless steel makes it possible to obtain particularly good quality welding of the conduit ends.
- the connection between the weld and the layer of stainless steel deposited in the recessed zone is particularly good. Machining the free edges makes it possible to adapt the chamfer to the welding process by promoting the connection between the ends of the conduits.
- the chamfer filling area carried out by depositing the steel Stainless steel melted by the welding method with filler metal can be easily controlled by ultrasound to ensure the good quality of the weld.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2203262A FR3134324B1 (fr) | 2022-04-08 | 2022-04-08 | Procédé de soudage de deux conduits l’un à l’autre, tuyauterie correspondante |
| PCT/EP2023/059141 WO2023194536A1 (fr) | 2022-04-08 | 2023-04-06 | Procédé de soudage de deux conduits l'un à l'autre, tuyauterie correspondante |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4504447A1 true EP4504447A1 (fr) | 2025-02-12 |
Family
ID=82319720
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23718236.5A Pending EP4504447A1 (fr) | 2022-04-08 | 2023-04-06 | Procédé de soudage de deux conduits l'un à l'autre, tuyauterie correspondante |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4504447A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3134324B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023194536A1 (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA202407392B (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101462193B (zh) * | 2009-01-09 | 2010-09-15 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | 薄层铁镍基合金碳钢复合管焊接方法 |
| JP2013158774A (ja) * | 2012-02-01 | 2013-08-19 | Hitachi-Ge Nuclear Energy Ltd | 溶接施工方法及び溶接接合構造並びにステンレス鋼溶接構造物 |
| CN103008988B (zh) * | 2013-01-04 | 2016-03-23 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 一种防腐钢管道免内补口焊的方法 |
| CN103192191A (zh) * | 2013-04-07 | 2013-07-10 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | 一种提高与腐蚀介质接触的金属焊接接头耐腐蚀性的方法 |
| CN105537738B (zh) * | 2016-01-11 | 2019-11-22 | 中国核工业二三建设有限公司 | 核电站大厚壁管件对接接头的焊接方法 |
| FR3085736B1 (fr) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-11-27 | Saipem Sa | Procede de realisation d'une conduite sous-marine en acier apte a vehiculer un fluide corrosif. |
-
2022
- 2022-04-08 FR FR2203262A patent/FR3134324B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-04-06 WO PCT/EP2023/059141 patent/WO2023194536A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-04-06 EP EP23718236.5A patent/EP4504447A1/fr active Pending
-
2024
- 2024-09-27 ZA ZA2024/07392A patent/ZA202407392B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3134324A1 (fr) | 2023-10-13 |
| FR3134324B1 (fr) | 2025-10-24 |
| WO2023194536A1 (fr) | 2023-10-12 |
| ZA202407392B (en) | 2025-04-30 |
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