EP4493526A1 - Low-melting glass compositions, articles, and methods of making the same - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed herein are glass compositions, articles made from the disclosed glass compositions, and methods of making the same. More specifically disclosed herein is a glass composition comprising: about 25 to about 55 mol% of P2O5; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO2; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al2O3; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol% a total amount of Na2O, K2O, and/or Li2O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol% of MgO.

Description

LOW-MELTING GLASS COMPOSITIONS, ARTICLES, AND METHODS OF MAKING THE SAME CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [1] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63/319,975 filed March 15, 2022, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD [2] The present invention generally relates to novel low-melt glass compositions, glass articles comprising the same, and methods of making the same. BACKGROUND [3] Millions of years ago, homo sapiens discovered the usefulness of naturally occurring glasses. Humans learned how to manufacture glass articles more than 5,000 years ago. The modern utility of glass is very diverse and includes both commercial and consumer use. Glass is commonly used for commodity applications and technological applications related to the automotive industry, electronic industry, spectroscopy, and the like. Often glass articles are also exposed to various atmospheres, and to ensure the article's durability in the long term, glass compositions need to be designed to withstand such environments. For example, glass articles such as container glasses, flat glasses for windows, automotive windshields, laser host materials, fibers, tubing, and the like, are employed in both commodity applications such as bottles, vases, art and craft glass objects, architectural windows, automotive windshields, and the like as well as technological applications such as glass tubing, glass fibers, laser host materials, and the like, often endure the environmental attack of moisture and can lose their initial properties as a result. Thus, there is a need for glass compositions and articles comprising the same capable of withstanding exposure to moisture without losing their desired physical and chemical properties. [4] Also, it is known that glass produces significant carbon contribution to atmospheric conditions through manufacture. The use of long-duration high-heat formation processes leads to this carbon contribution. Glass articles commonly require the heat of more than 1,450 degrees Celsius for formation processes. Accordingly, a need exists for alternative glass compositions which may be used to produce glass articles that can be formed at lower temperatures, thereby reducing the overall carbon contribution of glass manufacture to the environment. [5] These needs and other needs are at least partially satisfied by the present disclosure. SUMMARY [6] The present invention is directed to a glass composition comprising: about 25 to about 55 mol% of P₂O₅; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol% a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol% of MgO. [7] While yet in other aspects, when the glass composition disclosed herein exhibits a melting point of less than about 1,400 °C. [8] In still further, the glass composition disclosed herein can comprise Fe₂O₃ in an amount up to about 10 mole%. [9] Also disclosed herein is an article comprising a glass composition comprising about 25 to about 55 mol% of P₂O₅; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol% a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol% of MgO. [10] In still further aspects, the articles disclosed herein can comprise foodware, tableware, cookware, flat glass, windows, windshields, hollowware, jars, art and craft glass objects, laser host materials, optical fibers, hollow fibers, tubing fibers, lab-usable containers, or any combination thereof. [11] Also disclosed herein are methods comprising: a) providing: about 25 to about 55 mol% of P₂O₅; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂; about 5 to about 22 mol% of A_l2O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol % a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol % of MgO; b) forming a homogeneous mixture; c) melting the mixture at a temperature of about 1,000 °C to about 1,300 °C; and cooling the composition to form any of the disclosed herein glass compositions. [12] Also disclosed herein are methods of forming an article comprising forming any of the disclosed above compositions. In still further aspects, the methods disclosed herein can exhibit at least about 25% reduction in CO2 emission as compared to a reference method of making a conventional soda-lime glass composition. [13] Additional aspects of the disclosure will be set forth, in part, in the detailed description, figures, and claims which follow, and in part will be derived from the detailed description, or can be learned by practice of the invention. It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention as disclosed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS [14] Figure 1 depicts the absorption spectrum of an exemplary glass composition according to one aspect. [15] Figures 2A-2D show the relaxation behavior of an exemplary glass composition according to one aspect. Fig.2A- Stretching parameter beta evaluation. Fig.2B- viscosity evolution. Fig.2C-relaxation time evolution. Fig.2D- thermal history of simulation. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [16] The present invention can be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description, examples, drawings, and claims, and their previous and following description. However, before the present articles, systems, and/or methods are disclosed and described, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific or exemplary aspects of articles, systems, and/or methods disclosed unless otherwise specified, as such can, of course, vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting. [17] The following description of the invention is provided as an enabling teaching of the invention in its best, currently known aspect. To this end, those skilled in the relevant art will recognize and appreciate that many changes can be made to the various aspects of the invention described herein while still obtaining the beneficial results of the present invention. It will also be apparent that some of the desired benefits of the present invention can be obtained by selecting some of the features of the present invention without utilizing other features. Accordingly, those of ordinary skill in the pertinent art will recognize that many modifications and adaptations to the present invention are possible and may even be desirable in certain circumstances and are a part of the present invention. Thus, the following description is again provided as illustrative of the principles of the present invention and not in limitation thereof. DEFINITIONS [18] As used herein, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to an “article” includes aspects having two or more such articles unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. [19] It is appreciated that certain features of the disclosure, which are, for clarity, described in the context of separate aspects, can also be provided in combination in a single aspect. Conversely, various features of the disclosure, which are, for brevity, described in the context of a single aspect, can also be provided separately or in any suitable combination. [20] As used herein, the terms “optional” or “optionally” mean that the subsequently described event or circumstance may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances where it does not. [21] It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular aspects only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the specification and in the claims, the term “comprising” can include the aspects “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of.” Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. In this specification and in the claims, which follow, reference will be made to a number of terms that shall be defined herein. [22] For the terms "for example" and "such as" and grammatical equivalences thereof, the phrase "and without limitation" is understood to follow unless explicitly stated otherwise. [23] Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the disclosure are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contains certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements. Furthermore, when numerical ranges of varying scope are set forth herein, it is contemplated that any combination of these values inclusive of the recited values may be used. Further, ranges can be expressed herein as from “about” one particular value and/or to “about” another particular value. When such a range is expressed, another aspect includes from the one particular value and/or to the other particular value. [24] Similarly, when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the antecedent “about,” it will be understood that the particular value forms another aspect. It will be further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint and independently of the other endpoint. Unless stated otherwise, the term “about” means within 5% (e.g., within 2% or 1%) of the particular value modified by the term “about.” [25] Throughout this disclosure, various aspects of the invention can be presented in a range format. It should be understood that the description in range format is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as an inflexible limitation on the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the description of a range should be considered to have specifically disclosed all the possible subranges as well as individual numerical values within that range. For example, a description of a range such as from 1 to 6 should be considered to have specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., as well as individual numbers within that range, for example, 1, 2, 2.7, 3, 4, 5, 5.3, 6 and any whole and partial increments therebetween. This applies regardless of the breadth of the range. [26] As used herein, the term “composition” is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from a combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts. It is understood that the term “glass composition,” as disclosed herein, refers to a glass that was melted to form a defined composition but before it was formed into a specific glass article. It is further understood that the glass composition as used herein is not the same as batch ingredients that were introduced into the mix before forming the glass. In some aspects, the batch ingredients used to form the composition can comprise elements that the glass composition is substantially free of. [27] A weight percent (wt.%) of a component, unless specifically stated to the contrary, is based on the total weight of the formulation or composition in which the component is included. In the aspects where the glass compositions are described, the concentration of constituent components (e.g., SiO₂, Al₂O₃, B2O3, CuO, NiO, and the like) are given in a mole percent (mol%) on an oxide basis, unless otherwise specified. [28] As used herein, the term "substantially" means that the subsequently described event or circumstance completely occurs or that the subsequently described event or circumstance generally, typically, or approximately occurs. [29] Still further, the term “substantially” can, in some aspects, refer to at least about 80 %, at least about 85 %, at least about 90 %, at least about 91 %, at least about 92 %, at least about 93 %, at least about 94 %, at least about 95 %, at least about 96 %, at least about 97 %, at least about 98 %, at least about 99 %, or about 100 % of the stated property, component, composition, or other condition for which substantially is used to characterize or otherwise quantify an amount. [30] In other aspects, as used herein, the term “substantially free,” when used in the context of a composition or component of a composition that is substantially absent, is intended to indicate that the recited component is not intentionally batched and added to the composition but can be present as an impurity along with other components being added to the composition. In such aspects, the term “substantially free” is intended to refer to trace amounts that can be present in the batched components, for example, it can be present in an amount that is less than about 1 % by weight, e.g., less than about 0.5 % by weight, less than about 0.1 % by weight, less than about 0.05 % by weight, or less than about 0.01 % by weight of the stated material, based on the total weight of the composition. [31] As used herein, the term “substantially,” in, for example, the context “substantially identical” or “substantially similar,” refers to a method or a system, or a component that is at least about 90%, at least about 91%, at least about 92%, at least about 93%, at least about 94%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, or about 100% by similar to the method, system, or the component it is compared to. [32] It is further understood that the compositions disclosed herein are commonly expressed as oxides, however, it is understood that the specific elements can be present in an ionic state. [33] As used herein, the terms a glass transition temperature or Tg can be used interchangeably and is defined as the inflection point of a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve during the second heating, where the cooling and heating of the sample occurs at a rate of 10 °C/min and is plotted as Heat Flow in mW vs. Temperature in °C. [34] As used herein, the term “melting point” refers to a temperature at which the batch materials fully melt to obtain a homogeneous liquid. By glass industry convention, the melting point occurs at a liquid viscosity of around 10-20 Pa⋅s. [35] While aspects of the present invention can be described and claimed in a particular statutory class, such as the system statutory class, this is for convenience only and one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that each aspect of the present invention can be described and claimed in any statutory class. Unless otherwise expressly stated, it is in no way intended that any method or aspect set forth herein be construed as requiring that its steps be performed in a specific order. Accordingly, where a method claim does not specifically state in the claims or descriptions that the steps are to be limited to a specific order, it is in no way intended that an order be inferred in any respect. This holds for any possible non- express basis for interpretation, including matters of logic with respect to the arrangement of steps or operational flow, plain meaning derived from grammatical organization or punctuation, or the number or type of aspects described in the specification. [36] The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of various aspects of the invention and the examples included therein and to the Figures and their previous and following description. [37] The present invention may be understood more readily by reference to the following detailed description of various aspects of the invention and the examples included therein and to the Figures and their previous and following description. COMPOSITIONS [38] In some aspects described herein is a glass composition comprising: about 25 to about 55 mol% of P²O⁵; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO²; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol% a total amount of Na²O, K²O, and/or Li²O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol% of MgO. [39] In yet other aspects, the glass composition can also comprise about 25 mol% to about 55 mole% of P₂O₅, including exemplary values of about 26 mol%, about 27 mol%, about 28 mol%, about 29 mol%, about 30 mol%, about 31 mol%, about 32 mol%, about 33 mol%, about 34 mol%, about 35 mol%, about 36 mol%, about 37 mol%, about 38 mol%, about 39 mol%, about 40 mol%, about 41 mol%, about 42 mol%, about 43 mol%, about 44 mol%, about 45 mol%, about 46 mol%, about 47 mol%, about 48 mol%, and about 49 mol%. [40] In still further aspects, the glass composition can comprise about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂, including exemplary values of about 6 mol%, about 7 mol%, about 8 mol%, about 9 mol%, about 10 mol%, about 11 mol%, about 12 mol%, about 13 mol%, about 14 mol%, about 15 mol%, about 16 mol%, about 17 mol%, about 18 mol%, about 19 mol%, about 20 mol%, about 21 mol%, about 22 mol%, about 23 mol%, about 24 mol%, about 25 mol%, about 26 mol%, about 27 mol%, about 28 mol%, about 29 mol%, about 30 mol%, about 31 mol%, about 32 mol%, about 33 mol%, about 34 mol%, about 35 mol%, about 36 mol%, about 37 mol%, about 38 mol%, about 39 mol%, about 40 mol%, about 41 mol%, about 42 mol%, about 43 mol%, and about 44 mol%. [41] In yet further aspects, the glass composition can comprise about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃, including exemplary values of about 6 mol%, about 7 mol%, about 8 mol%, about 9 mol%, about 10 mol%, about 11 mol%, about 12 mol%, about 13 mol%, about 14 mol%, about 15 mol%, about 16 mol%, about 17 mol%, about 18 mol%, about 19 mol%, about 20 mol%, and about 21 mol%. [42] In still further asepcts, the glass composition can comprise about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO, including exemplary values of about 6 mol%, about 7 mol%, about 8 mol%, about 9 mol%, about 10 mol%, about 11 mol%, about 12 mol%, about 13 mol%, about 14 mol%, about 15 mol%, about 16 mol%, about 17 mol%, about 18 mol%, about 19 mol%, about 20 mol%, about 21 mol%, about 22 mol%, about 23 mol%, about 24 mol%, about 25 mol%, about 26 mol%, about 27 mol%, about 28 mol%, and about 29 mol%. [43] Also disclosed herein are the aspects where the glass composition comprises greater than 0 to about 20 mol % a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O, including exemplary values of about 0.01 mol%, about 0.05 mol%, about 1 mol%, about 2 mol%, about 3 mol%, about 4 mol%, about 5 mol%, 6 mol%, about 7 mol%, about 8 mol%, about 9 mol%, about 10 mol%, about 11 mol%, about 12 mol%, about 13 mol%, about 14 mol%, about 15 mol%, 16 mol%, about 17 mol%, about 18 mol%, and about 19 mol%. It is understood that in some aspects, the glass composition can only comprise Na₂O in any of the mentioned above amounts. In still further aspects, the glass composition can only comprise Li₂O in any of the mentioned above amounts. In still further aspects, the glass composition can only comprise K₂O in any of the mentioned above amounts. Yet in still further aspects, the glass composition can comprise Na₂O and Li₂O, such that the total amount of Na₂O and Li₂O falls within the disclosed above ranges. Yet in still further aspects, the glass composition can comprise Na₂O and K₂O, such that the total amount of Na₂O and K₂O falls within the disclosed above ranges. Yet in still further aspects, the glass composition can comprise K₂O and Li₂O, such that the total amount of K₂O and Li₂O falls within the disclosed above ranges. Yet in still further aspects, the glass composition can comprise Na₂O, K₂O, and Li₂O, such that the total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and Li₂O falls within the disclosed above ranges. [44] In yet still further aspects also disclosed the glass composition where CaO is present in an amount of about 2 mol% to about 8 mol%, including exemplary values of about 3 mol%, about 4 mol%, about 5 mol%, about 6 mol%, and about 7 mol%. [45] In yet still further aspects, the glass composition disclosed herein can also comprise about 2 to about 8 mol % of MgO, including exemplary values of about 3 mol%, about 4 mol%, about 5 mol%, about 6 mol%, and about 7 mol%. [46] It is understood that in some aspects, the glass composition can comprise both CaO and MgO. While in other aspects, the glass composition can comprise either CaO or MgO in any of the disclosed above amounts. [47] In still further aspects, the glass composition disclosed herein is comparable in its characteristics and properties with the conventional soda-lime silicate glass while exhibiting superior melting properties. It is understood that the compositions of conventional soda-lime silicate glass are known. Generally, with some small deviations, the soda-lime silicate glasses comprise about 70-75 wt% of SiO₂, about 12-17 wt% of Na₂O, about 7-12 wt% of CaO, greater than 0 to about 2.5 wt % of Al₂O₃, greater than 0 to about 1.0 wt % of K₂O, greater than 0 to about 5 wt % of MgO, greater than 0 to about 0.15 wt % of Fe₂O₃, 0 to about 0.5 wt % of TiO2, and in some instances 0 to about 0.5 wt % of SO3. [48] The melting point of the soda-lime silicate glass is known to be in a range of about 1,400 to about 1,450 °C. In certain aspects, the glass composition disclosed herein exhibits a melting point of at least about 50 °C, at least about 100 °C, at least about 150 °C, at least about 200 °C, at least about 250 °C, or at least about 300 °C less than the melting point of a conventional soda-lime silicate glass composition. In still further aspects, the glass composition disclosed herein exhibits a melting point of less than about 1,400 °C, less than about 1,350 °C, less than about 1,300 °C, less than about 1,250 °C, less than about 1,200 °C, less than about 1,150 °C, or less than about 1,000 °C. [49] Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it was observed that the thermal properties disclosed above are determined by the disclosed composition. In certain aspects, the specific composition of phosphate is determined due to the need to maintain a significant percentage of Q³ bonded tetrahedra in the network to lower the melt temperature while simultaneously allowing for both silicate and alumina Q⁴ bonded tetrahedra contributions to increase the chemical durability of the disclosed composition. Again, without wishing to be bound by any theory, it was observed that the glass composition having the disclosed range of phosphates allows for achieving the disclosed low melting point while maintaining sufficient chemical durability. [50] In still further aspects, the disclosed range for silicates also was observed to allow sufficient chemical durability without the need for high melting temperatures. It is understood that sufficient chemical durability can be determined by the specific application. It is further understood that the actual durability can be dependent on the exact glass composition and the specific conditions it is exposed. For example and without limitations, the condition can include the type of solvent the glass is present in, the solvent’s pH, the presence of corrosive elements, temperature, and the like. The durability can be tailored to the specific application. For example, the glass compositions used to create artistic artifacts will have different sufficient chemical durability as compared to the articles used as tableware or cookware or labware. In still further aspects, the disclosed amount of alumina was found to be sufficient to maintain the melt conditions and needed Q⁴ bonded tetrahedra for sufficient chemical durability. The presence of alumina in the disclosed ranges can also impart additional mechanical stability to the glass. [51] In still further aspects, it was found that the disclosed amount of ZnO can also help increase the chemical durability of the glass composition without altering the electronic configuration of the glass and without substantially imparting coloration of the glass. [52] In yet further aspects, and again without wishing to be bound by any theory, it was hypothesized that including alkali and alkaline earth metals in the disclosed amounts can assist in the charge balance of alumina tetrahedra and further reduce the melting temperature of the disclosed glass composition. [53] In still further aspects, the disclosed herein glass compositions can further comprise iron oxides. In certain aspects, the glass composition can comprise up to about 10 mol% of Fe₂O₃, including exemplary amounts of about 0.01 mol%, about 0.05 mol%, about 0.1 mol%, about 0.5 mol%, about 1 mol%, about 1.5 mol%, about 2 mol%, about 2.5 mol%, about 3 mol%, about 3.5 mol%, about 4 mol%, about 4.5 mol%, about 5 mol%, about 5.5 mol%, about 6 mol%, about 6.5 mol%, about 7 mol%, about 7.5 mol%, about 8 mol%, about 8.5 mol%, about 9 mol%, and about 9.5 mol%. [54] In certain aspects, when Fe₂O₃ can be present up to about 0.5 mol%, including exemplary amounts of about 0.01 mol%, about 0.02 mol%, about 0.03 mol%, about 0.04 mol%, about 0.05 mol%, about 0.06 mol%, about 0.07 mol%, about 0.08 mol%, about 0.09 mol%, about 0.1 mol%, about 0.15 mol%, about 0.2 mol%, about 0.25 mol%, about 0.3 mol%, about 0.35 mol%, about 0.4 mol%, and about 0.45 mol%. In such exemplary and unlimiting aspects, the glass composition can be substantially color free. [55] In still further aspects, a specific color of glass composition can be determined spectroscopically. In some exemplary and unlimiting aspects, when the glass composition is substantially color free, such a composition exhibits an absorption coefficient average over the visible range of about 400 to about 800 nm, including the wavelength of about 450 nm, about 500 nm, about 550 nm, about 600 nm, about 650 nm, about 700 nm, and about 750 nm, of less than or equal to about 0.49 cm^-1, including exemplary values of less than or equal to about 0.45 cm^-1, less than or equal to about 0.4 cm^-1, less than or equal to about 0.35 cm^-1, less than or equal to about 0.3 cm^-1, less than or equal to about 0.25 cm^-1, and less than or equal to about 0.2 cm^-1. [56] In yet still further aspects, when the glass composition is substantially color-free, such a composition exhibits a percent transmittance greater than about 80%, greater than about 85%, greater than about 90%, greater than about 95%, or even greater than about 99% over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm, including wavelength about 450 nm, about 500 nm, about 550 nm, about 600 nm, about 650 nm, about 700 nm, and about 750 nm. [57] Yet in still other asepcts, when Fe₂O₃ is present in amount of about 0.5 to about 5 mol%, including exemplary amounts of about 0.6 mol%, about 0.6 mol%, about 0.8 mol%, about 0.9 mol%, about 1 mol%, about 1.5 mol%, about 2 mol%, about 2.5 mol%, about 3 mol%, about 3.5 mol%, about 4 mol%, and about 4.5 mol%, such a composition can be translucent grey. [58] In still further aspects, the composition can also comprise other valencies of iron oxides, for example, FeO or a combination of Fe₂O₃ and FeO. It is understood that in some aspects of both Fe⁺² and Fe⁺³ are present, the specific ratio can be determined based on the desired color. In yet other aspects, the ratio can also be affected by the potential presence of other ions, such as, for example and without limitations, alkali ions or other intermediates. [59] In yet other aspects, the composition can also comprise multiple valences of Mn, Cr, and/or Ni to achieve the desired color of the glass. [60] It is understood that iron oxides are often present in the batch products used to form the disclosed glass compositions. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it was found that while the presence of up to 0.5 mol% of iron oxides in the conventional soda-lime silicate glasses results in edge-on-green coloration, the disclosed glass compositions are either substantially color free or show edge-on- color grey. In still further aspects, when the amount of ion oxides is higher than about 0.5 mol%, the glass composition takes on a translucent grey color. Yet in still further aspects, when the glass composition comprises up to about 10 mole% of iron oxide, such a composition becomes black. For example, the black composition can be defined by color coordinates, such as L* being from 20.0 to 40.0, a* being from -1.0 to 1.0, and b* being from -5.0 to 2.0. [61] In still further aspects, the glass composition disclosed herein can comprise additional transitional metals in various concentrations. In certain aspects, additional transitional metals can be present as salts or oxides. In some aspects, the composition can further comprise one more transitional metal oxides comprising oxides of copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, silver, tin, or any combination thereof. It is understood that any known valencies of such transitional metals can be present in the composition. [62] In certain aspects, the one or more transition metal oxides are present in an amount up to about 2 mol %, including exemplary values of about 0.01 mol%, about 0.05 mol%, about 0.1 mol%, about 0.15 mol%, about 0.2 mol%, about 0.25 mol%, about 0.3 mol%, about 0.35 mol%, about 0.4 mol%, about 0.45 mol%, about 0.5 mol%, about 0.55 mol%, about 0.6 mol%, about 0.65 mol%, about 0.7 mol%, about 0.75 mol%, about 0.8 mol%, about 0.85 mol%, about 0.9 mol%, about 0.95 mol%, about 1.0 mol%, about 1.05 mol%, about 1.1 mol%, about 1.15 mol%, about 1.2 mol%, about 1.25 mol%, about 1.3 mol%, about 1.35 mol%, about 1.4 mol%, about 1.45 mol%, about 1.5 mol%, about 1.55 mol%, about 1.6 mol%, about 1.65 mol%, about 1.7 mol%, about 1.75 mol%, about 1.8 mol%, about 1.85 mol%, about 1.9 mol%, and about 1.95 mol%. [63] In still further aspects, when the one or more transition metal ions are present, such a glass composition can obtain a specific color as desired. [64] In yet other aspects, the glass composition as described herein can be translucent. In yet further aspects, such exemplary and unlimited glass composition can exhibit a percent transmittance less than about 85%, less than about 80%, less than about 75%, less than about 70%, less than about 65%, less than about 60%, less than about 55%, or less than about 50% over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm, including the wavelengths of about 450 nm, about 500nm, about 550 nm, about 600 nm, about 650 nm, about 700 nm, and about 750 nm. [65] In still other aspects, when copper, silver, gold, and/or tin, and/or alloys thereof are present in the composition, such metals can be reduced to allow the development of nanoparticles within the formed glass. It is understood that in some aspects, tin can behave as a buffer to maintain the redox state of copper, silver, gold, and their alloys. In such exemplary aspects, the glass composition can comprise a plurality of nanoparticles. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is assumed that in such exemplary and unlimiting aspects, the disclosed herein a plurality of nanoparticles can provide coloration to the glass through the effect of surface plasmon resonance. In still further aspects, these nanostructures can be developed in post-formation UV and thermal treatments. In yet still further aspects, the glass composition can exhibit photochromicity. [66] In still further aspects, the glass composition disclosed herein can comprise one or more rare-earth metal compounds. Again, without wishing to be bound by any theory, it is assumed that the inclusion of rare-earth metals can further provide photoluminescence properties to the disclosed herein glass compositions. Such properties in certain aspects can be leveraged to produce laser host materials if desired. In still further aspects, the glass composition is photoluminescent. [67] In certain aspects, the one or more rare earth metal ions are present in an amount up to about 10 mol%, including exemplary values of about 0.01 mol%, about 0.05 mol%, about 0.1 mol%, about 0.5 mol%, about 1 mol%, about 1.5 mol%, about 2 mol%, about 2.5 mol%, about 3 mol%, about 3.5 mol%, about 4 mol%, about 4.5 mol%, about 5 mol%, about 5.5 mol%, about 6 mol%, about 6.5 mol%, about 7 mol%, about 7.5 mol%, about 8 mol%, about 8.5 mol%, about 9 mol%, and about 9.5 mol%. [68] In still further aspects, the disclosed herein glass composition exhibits a difference between the crystallization temperature and the glass transition temperature greater than about 100 °C when measured at room temperature and ambient pressure. It is understood that such property shows resistance to crystallization and, therefore, would allow the formation of various articles by any known in the art methods, such as, for example, and without limitation, down drawing (by either a slot draw or fusion draw process), fiber-drawing, float processing, or thin rolling the glass, and the like. In yet other aspects, the methods can comprise shaping the glass to any desired shape. Various shaping methods can also be used, such as casting, molding, pressing, rolling, floating, and the like. In yet further aspects, the articles disclosed herein can be formed by a float/flat glass press process, a press-and-blow process, a blow-and-blow process, or any combination thereof. Yet in still further aspects, the methods can also comprise glassblowing, hot casting, flameworking, kiln casting, and/or kiln forming. It is further understood that other low temperature glass-making methods can also be utilized. For example, and without limitations, glass wheel forming methods are also contemplated. [69] In still further aspects, the disclosed herein glass compositions are substantially free of carbonates. It is understood, however, that the batch material used to form the disclosed herein glass compositions can contain some amounts of carbonates. [70] In yet still further aspects, the glass composition disclosed herein exhibits a linear temperature expansion coefficient greater than about 80 x 10^-7 K^-1, greater than about 90 x 10^-7 K^-1, greater than about 100 x 10^-7 K^-1, greater than about 110 x 10^-7 K^-1, greater than about 120 x 10^-7 K^-1, greater than about 130 x 10^-7 K^-1, greater than or equal to about 140 x 10^-7 K^-1. [71] It is understood that in some aspects, methods of machine forming of the disclosed herein glass compositions would need to be adjusted for lower temperature working range and reduced radiative heat flux loss, but at a potentially significant CTE. In some aspects, additional cooling could be needed during the glass transition. Yet in other aspects, longer annealing cycles can be used. [72] In still further aspects, the Vickers hardness of the disclosed herein glasses is dependent on the applied load. In some aspects, at certain loads (as shown in the Examples below, the disclosed herein glass compositions can exhibit Vickers hardness substantially equal to or less than Vickers hardness of a conventional soda-lime glass composition. [73] In still further aspects, any of the disclosed herein glass compositions can exhibit a crack resistance greater than a crack resistance of a conventional soda- lime glass composition. [74] It was surprisingly found that disclosed herein glass compositions possess significantly higher crack resistances (CR) compared to the conventional soda- lime. Crack resistance is defined as the force at which 50% of the corners of a Vickers indent are expected to have cracks and can be thought of as the resistance of a material to crack initiation. It is a particularly important mechanical property for glasses, as it can be used to characterize the glass's damage resistance. [75] In still further aspects, the glass compositions disclosed herein can exhibit a crack resistance greater than about 0.1 kgf, greater than about 0.2 kgf, greater than about 0.3 kgf, greater than about 0.4 kgf, greater than about 0.5 kgf, greater than about 0.6 kgf, greater than about 0.7 kgf, greater than about 0.8 kgf, greater than about 0.9 kgf, or even greater than about 1.0 kgf. ARTICLES [76] In certain aspects, disclosed herein are articles comprising any of the disclosed above compositions. For example and without limitations, disclosed herein are articles comprising a glass composition comprising about 25 to about 55 mol% of P₂O₅; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol% a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol% of MgO. [77] In still further aspects, any of the disclosed above additional elements can be present in the glass compositions used to form the disclosed herein articles. [78] In certain aspects and as disclosed herein, depending on the amount of iron oxide present in the disclosed herein composition, the articles can be transparent or translucent depending on the desired applications. In yet still further aspects and as disclosed above, the articles can also be photoluminescent. It is further understood that other ions and elements can also affect the translucency of the article. For example, the translucence can be obtained by any of the disclosed above additives, including but not limited to, for example, by the addition of tin oxides. [79] In still further aspects, the articles can comprise any known in the art articles that require the disclosed herein mechanical, chemical, and optical properties. Yet in other aspects, the articles disclosed herein can comprise a hollowware, tableware, container, plate, sheet (including sheets prepared via the float process), cookware, powder, fiber, cones, spheres, blades, or any combination thereof. In still further aspects, the articles can comprise foodware, tableware, cookware, flat glass, windows, windshields, hollowware, jars, art and craft glass objects, laser host materials, optical fibers, hollow fibers, tubing fibers, lab-usable containers, or any combination thereof. [80] In still further aspects, the articles can be formed to both satisfy technological demands (high chemical resistance and durability, mechanical strength combined with low melting point, and the like) and artistic expression and aesthetic appearances. For example, and without limitations, the color of the articles can be controlled by changing the amount of iron oxide and/or amounts of one or more other transitional oxides to form the desired articles. Again, for example, and without limitations, articles having darker colors can be formed. In such aspects, the articles can comprise colored bottles (wine bottles, beer bottles, etc.), colored pharmaceutical vials/ampoules (to protect light-sensitive medicines), sunglass lenses, art or craft objects, and the like. [81] In still further aspects, the articles disclosed herein can be formed by any process. For example, the articles can be formed by a float or flat press process, a press-and-blow process, a fiber-drawing process, a blow-and-blow process, or any combination thereof. While in still further aspects disclosed herein, articles can also be used in a variety of electronic devices or portable computing devices, light diffusers, automotive, appliances, medical industry, food industry, and even architectural applications. In still further aspects, the articles disclosed herein can have any known in the art shape or configuration. METHODS [82] Also disclosed herein are methods of making the disclosed compositions and the disclosed articles. In certain aspects, disclosed herein is a method comprising: a) providing: about 25 to about 55 mol% of P₂O₅; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol % a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol % of MgO; b) forming a homogeneous mixture; c) melting the mixture at a temperature of about 1,000 °C to about 1,300 °C; and cooling the composition to form a glass composition. [83] In still further aspects, the glass composition is any of the disclosed above glass compositions. In yet still further aspects, the mixture can be melted at a temperature of about 1,000 °C to about 1,300 °C, including exemplary values of about 1,050 °C, about 1,100 °C, about 1,150 °C, about 1,200 °C, and about 1,250 ^oC. [84] In still further aspects, any of the disclosed above components and elements can also be present in the mixture prior to the melt. [85] In yet still further aspects, the plurality of nanoparticles can be formed during the melting and cooling process and present in the cooled article. [86] In still further aspects, the methods can further comprise forming any of the disclosed above articles. [87] In still further aspects, the glass compositions can exhibit any of the disclosed above characteristics and properties. In such exemplary aspects, these compositions can be transparent, translucent, or opaque depending on the specific percentage of each component and have any of the disclosed above color characteristics. [88] In still further aspects, the methods of forming the disclosed herein glass compositions exhibit at least about 25%, at least about 30%, at least about 35%, at least about 40%, at least about 45%, or at least about 50% reduction in CO2 emission as compared to a reference method of making a conventional soda-lime glass composition. It is understood that such reduction in CO2 can be explained by lower melting points of the composition and by the substantial absence of carbonates in the composition itself. It is also understood that such a reduction in CO2 is highly desirable, as a glass manufacturing contributes to about 86 million tons of carbon dioxide annually. [89] In still further aspects, the methods disclosed herein can require at least about 30% less, at least about 35% less, at least about 40% less, at least about 45% less, or at least about 50% less btu as compared to a reference method of making a conventional soda-lime glass composition. [90] In still further aspects, the methods disclosed herein require at least about 50%, at least about 55%, at least about 60%, at least about 65%, or at least about 70% of the power required for soda-lime silicate glass manufacture. [91] In still further aspects, the methods disclosed herein comprise a step of forming a glass article. Any known in the art methods of forming or shaping an article can be utilized. For example, and without limitation, the methods of forming a glass article disclosed herein can comprise down drawing (by either a slot draw or fusion draw process), fiber-drawing, float processing, or thin rolling of the glass. In yet other aspects, the methods can comprise shaping the glass to any desired shape. Various shaping methods can also be used, such as casting, molding, pressing, rolling, drawing, floating, and the like. In yet further aspects, the articles disclosed herein can be formed by a float/flat glass press process, a press-and- blow process, a blow-and-blow process, or any combination thereof. Yet in still further aspects, the methods can also comprise glassblowing, hot casting, flameworking, kiln casting, and/or kiln forming. It is further understood that other low temperature glass-making methods can also be utilized. For example, and without limitations, glass wheel forming methods are also contemplated. EXAMPLES [92] The following examples are put forth so as to provide those of ordinary skill in the art with a complete disclosure and description of how the compounds, compositions, articles, devices, and/or methods claimed herein are made and evaluated and are intended to be purely exemplary and are not intended to limit the disclosure. Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy with respect to numbers (e.g., amounts, temperature, etc.), but some errors and deviations should be accounted for. EXAMPLE 1 [93] Table 1 shows the comparative properties of the exemplary article formed according to the disclosure in one aspect and the soda-lime silicate article. EXAMPLE 2 [94] Tables 2 and 3 show exemplary and unlimiting glass compositions as formed according to this disclosure. [95] Table 1. Comparison of properties of the articles formed from the soda-lime silicate reference composition and the exemplary composition disclosed herein in one aspect (Glass No.1 in Table 2, 5, and 6). ⁰ _{0 0} 0_{0 0} 0_{0 0 )} ^{% 0 l} _{0 o 0} ^m ( ^. _e ⁰ ₀ ^r _{0 u} ^s _o ^{l 0} _{0 c} ^s _{2 i} ^{d e} _h ⁰ ₀ ^t _{f 0}o _s ^{t 0} _{c 0} ^e _{0 p} ^s _{a e 0}m ₀o ^{s o} _t ⁰ _{0 g 0} ⁿ _i ^d _r ⁶o ₈ ^c _{9 c} ^{a 6 s} _{8 e} ^s _{2 s} ^a _l ^{6 g} ₈ ^s _{2 u} ^o _i ^{6 r} _{8 a} ^{9 v} _f o _n ^{6 o} ₈i_{t 7} ⁱ _s ^o _p ⁶ ₈ ^{m 4} _o ^{C. 6} _{2 8 e} ^{9 l} _{3 b} ^a _T ⁹ ₂ Table 3. Composition of various glasses according to some aspects of the disclosure (mol%). [96] Table 4 shows glass compositions according to some aspects of the disclosure and a reference soda-lime silicate glass composition as disclosed in Ashby, M.F. Material profiles. In Materials and the Environment, 2^nd ed.; Elsevier, 2013, pp.459-595, in mol.% Table 4. Composition of various glasses according to some aspects of the disclosure and a soda-lime silicate composition for comparison (mol%). [97] Table 5 exhibits the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the exemplary glass composition that was annealed at 700 K for one hour according to one aspect of the disclosure at four evenly distributed and slow heating rates (the values were calculated by using TransitionPy software). [98] FIG.1 shows the absorption spectrum of the glass composition according to one aspect in the wavelength range of 300-850 nm. Table 5. Glass Transition Temperature as a function of heating rate (Glass 1 from Table 2) [99] Table 6 shows the thermal properties of Glass 1 measured via DSC at a heating rate of 10 K. min and subsequently analyzed using Transition Py software. The values are compared to soda-lime silicate glass found in Mancini, M., Sendova, M., and Mauro, J. C. Geometric analysis of the calorimetric glass transition and fragility using constant cooling rate cycles. JACerS [Online] 2021, 3, 348-357. https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ijag.16073 and Henneberry, B. Thomas. All About Soda Lime Glass – Composition and Properties. https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/plant-facility-equipment/soda-lime-glass/#table. The contents of which are incorporated herein in their full entirety. Table 6. Comparison of the exemplary glass composition in one aspect and soda-lime silicate glass. (Glass 1 from Table 5) EXAMPLE 3 [100] FIGS.2A-2D show the relaxation behavior of the glass composition according to one aspect. In these exemplary plots, glass was melted at 1.5xTg, quenched at 10 °C/min to room temperature, and then reheated to 0.9xTg and held for one hour to allow relaxation. Stretching parameter beta evolution is shown in Fig.2A. Fig.2B shows the viscosity evolution, while relaxation time evolution is shown in Fig.2C. Fig.2D shows the thermal history of the simulation. EXAMPLE 4 [101] Various glass compositions were evaluated to measure their linear temperature expansion coefficient (CTE), and the results are shown in Table 7. Table 7. CTE in units of x 10^-7(K^-1) of various glasses. EXAMPLE 5 [102] The glasses disclosed herein were further evaluated for hardness, and the results are shown in Table 8. [103] Table 8 Vickers Indentation Hardness in units of kgf/mm² of various glasses. EXAMPLE 6 [104] The glass compositions disclosed herein have shown surprisingly exceptional crack resistance. Some of the glass compositions (as shown in Table 9) had such a great crack resistance that the glasses would not crack under the application of a 1kgf load. It was found that this force was not high enough to generate 50% cracking. This data indicates these glasses are over 10x as resistant to cracking as standard soda-lime. Without wishing to be bound by any theory, it was hypothesized that the overall ZnO content can play an important role in increasing crack resistance. The measured crack resistance for exemplary glasses is shown in Table 9. [105] Table 9. Crack Resistance [106] The claims are not intended to include, and should not be interpreted to include, means-plus- or step-plus-function limitations unless such a limitation is explicitly recited in a given claim using the phrase(s) “means for” or “step for,” respectively. [107] In view of the described processes and compositions, hereinbelow are described certain more particularly described aspects of the inventions. However, these particularly recited aspects should not be interpreted to have any limiting effect on any different claims containing different or more general teachings described herein or that the “particular” aspects are somehow limited in some way other than the inherent meanings of the language and formulas literally used therein. ASPECTS: [108] Aspect 1: A glass composition comprising: about 25 to about 55 mol% of P²O⁵; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO²; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al²O³; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol% a total amount of Na²O, K²O, and/or Li²O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol% of MgO. [109] Aspect 2: The glass composition of Aspect 1, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of at least about 150 °C less than the melting point of a conventional soda-lime silicate glass composition. [110] Aspect 3: The glass composition of Aspect 1 or 2, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of at least about 250 °C less than the melting point of a conventional soda-lime silicate glass composition. [111] Aspect 4: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-3, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of less than about 1,400 °C. [112] Aspect 5: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-4, further comprising Fe₂O₃ in an amount up to about 10 mole%. [113] Aspect 6: The glass composition of Aspect 5, wherein when Fe₂O₃ is present up to about 0.5 mol%, the glass composition is substantially color-free. [114] Aspect 7: The glass composition of Aspect 6, wherein the composition exhibits an absorption coefficient average over the visible range of about 400 to about 800 nm less than or equal to about 0.49 cm^-1. [115] Aspect 8: The glass composition of Aspect 6 or 7, wherein the glass composition exhibits a percent transmittance greater than about 80% over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm. [116] Aspect 9: The glass composition of Aspect 5, wherein when Fe₂O₃ is present in an amount of about 0.5 mol% to about 5 mol%, the glass composition is translucent grey. [117] Aspect 10: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-5, further comprising one or more transitional metal oxides comprising oxides of copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, silver, tin, or any combination thereof. [118] Aspect 11: The glass composition of Aspect 10, wherein the one or more transition metal oxides are present in an amount up to about 2 mol %. [119] Aspect 12: The glass composition of Aspect 11, wherein the glass composition is translucent. [120] Aspect 13: The glass composition of Aspect 11 or 12, wherein the glass composition exhibits a percent transmittance less than about 85% over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm. [121] Aspect 14: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 10-13, wherein the glass composition comprises a plurality of nanoparticles. [122] Aspect 15: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-14, wherein the glass composition comprises one or more rare earth metal ions. [123] Aspect 16: The glass composition of Aspect 15, wherein the one or more rare earth metal ions are present in an amount up to about 10 mol%. [124] Aspect 17:The glass composition of Aspect 15 or 16, wherein the glass composition is photoluminescent. [125] Aspect 18: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-17, wherein the composition exhibits a difference between the crystallization temperature and the glass transition temperature greater than about 100 °C when measured at room temperature and ambient pressure. [126] Aspect 19: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-18, wherein the glass composition is substantially free of carbonates. [127] Aspect 20: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-19, wherein the glass composition exhibits a linear temperature expansion coefficient greater than about 100 x 10^-7 K^-1. [128] Aspect 21: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-20, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.1 kgf. [129] Aspect 22: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-21, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.3 kgf. [130] Aspect 23: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-22, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.6 kgf. [131] Aspect 24: The glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-23, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 1.0 kgf. [132] Aspect 25: An article comprising the glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-24. [133] Aspect 26: The article of Aspect 25, comprising foodware, tableware, cookware, flat glass, windows, windshields, hollowware, jars, art and craft glass objects, laser host materials, optical fibers, hollow fibers, lab-usable containers, or any combination thereof. [134] Aspect 27: A glass article comprising a glass composition comprising about 25 to about 55 mol% of P₂O₅; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol % a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol % of MgO. [135] Aspect 28: The article of Aspect 27, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of at least about 150 °C less than the melting point of a conventional soda-lime silicate glass composition. [136] Aspect 29: The article of Aspect 27 or 28, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point at least about 250 °C less than the melting point of a conventional soda-lime silicate glass composition. [137] Aspect 30: The article of any one of Aspects 27-29, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of less than about 1,400 °C. [138] Aspect 31: The article of any one of Aspects 27-30, wherein the glass composition further comprises Fe₂O₃ in an amount up to about 10 mole%. [139] Aspect 32: The article of Aspect 31, wherein when Fe₂O₃ is present up to about 0.5 mole%, the article is substantially color-free. [140] Aspect 33: The article of Aspect 32, wherein the composition displays an absorption coefficient average over the visible range of about 400 to about 800 nm less than or equal to about 0.49 cm^-1. [141] Aspect 34: The article of Aspect 32 or 33, wherein the article exhibits a percent transmittance greater than about 80% over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm. [142] Aspect 35: The article of Aspect 34, wherein when the glass composition comprises Fe₂O₃ present in an amount of about 0.5 mol% to about 5 mol %, the article is translucent grey. [143] Aspect 36: The article of any one of Aspects 27-31, further comprising one or more transitional metal oxides comprising oxides of copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, silver, tin, or any combination thereof. [144] Aspect 37: The article of Aspect 36, wherein the one or more transition metal oxides are present in the glass composition in an amount up to about 2 mol %. [145] Aspect 38: The article of Aspect 37, wherein the article is translucent. [146] Aspect 39: The article of any one of Aspects 37-38, wherein the article exhibits a percent transmittance less than about 85% over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm. [147] Aspect 40: The article of any one of Aspects 36-39, wherein the glass composition comprises a plurality of nanoparticles. [148] Aspect 41: The article of any one of Aspects 27-40, wherein the glass composition comprises one or more rare earth metal ions. [149] Aspect 42: The article of Aspect 41, wherein the one or more rare earth metal ions are present in an amount up to about 10 mol%. [150] Aspect 43: The article of any one of Aspects 41 or 42, wherein the article exhibits photoluminescence. [151] Aspect 44: The article of any one of Aspects 27-43, wherein the glass composition exhibits a difference between the crystallization temperature and the glass transition temperature greater than about 100 °C when measured at room temperature and ambient pressure. [152] Aspect 45: The article of any one of Aspects 27-44, wherein the glass composition is substantially free of carbonates. [153] Aspect 46: The article of any one of Aspects 27-45, wherein the glass composition exhibits a linear temperature expansion coefficient greater than 100 x 10^-7 K^-1. [154] Aspect 47: The article of any one of Aspects 27-46, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.1 kgf. [155] Aspect 48: The article of any one of Aspects 27-47, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.3 kgf. [156] Aspect 49: The article of any one of Aspects 27-48, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.6 kgf. [157] Aspect 50: The article of any one of Aspects 27-49, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 1.0 kgf. [158] Aspect 51: The article of any one of Aspects 27-50, comprising foodware, tableware, cookware, a flat glass, windows, windshields, hollowware, jars, art and craft glass objects, laser host materials, optical fibers, hollow fibers, tubing fibers, lab-usable containers, or any combination thereof. [159] Aspect 52: A method comprising: a) providing: about 25 to about 55 mol% of P₂O₅; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol % a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol % of MgO; b) forming a homogeneous mixture; c) melting the mixture at a temperature of about 1,000 °C to about 1,300 °C; and cooling the composition to form the glass composition of any one of Aspects 1-26. [160] Aspect 53: The method of Aspect 52, wherein the method further comprises forming an article comprising the glass composition. [161] Aspect 54: The method of any one of Aspects 52 or 53, wherein the method exhibits at least about 25% reduction in CO2 emission as compared to a reference method of making a conventional soda-lime glass composition. [162] Aspect 55: The method of any one of Aspects 52-54, wherein the method comprising requiring at least about btu as compared to a reference method of making a conventional soda-lime glass composition.

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is: 1. A glass composition comprising: about 25 to about 55 mol% of P₂O₅; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol % a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol % of MgO.

2. The glass composition of claim 1, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of at least about 150 °C less than the melting point of a conventional soda-lime silicate glass composition.

3. The glass composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of at least about 250 °C less than the melting point of a conventional soda-lime silicate glass composition.

4. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of less than about 1,400 °C.

5. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-4, further comprising Fe₂O₃ in an amount up to about 10 mol%.

6. The glass composition of claim 5, wherein when Fe₂O₃ is present up to about 0.5 mol%, the glass composition is substantially color-free.

7. The glass composition of claim 6, wherein the composition displays an absorption coefficient average over the visible range of about 400 to about 800 nm less than or equal to about 0.49 cm^-1.

8. The glass composition of claim 6 or 7, wherein the glass composition exhibits a percent transmittance greater than about 80% over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm.

9. The glass composition of claim 5, wherein when Fe₂O₃ is present in an amount of about 0.5 mol% to about 5 mol%, the glass composition is translucent grey.

10. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-5, further comprising one or more transitional metal oxides comprising oxides of copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, silver, tin, or any combination thereof.

11. The glass composition of claim 10, wherein the one or more transition metal oxides are present in an amount up to about 2 mol %.

12. The glass composition of 11, wherein the glass composition is translucent.

13. The glass composition of claim 11 or 12, wherein the glass composition exhibits a percent transmittance of less than about 85% over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm.

14. The glass composition of any one of claims 10-13, wherein the glass composition comprises a plurality of nanoparticles.

15. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-14, wherein the glass composition comprises one or more rare earth metal ions.

16. The glass composition of claim 15, wherein the one or more rare earth metal ions are present in an amount up to about 10 mol%.

17. The glass composition of claims 15 or 16, wherein the glass composition is photoluminescent.

18. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the composition exhibits a difference between the crystallization temperature and the glass transition temperature greater than about 100 °C when measured at room temperature and ambient pressure.

19. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-18, wherein the glass composition is substantially free of carbonates.

20. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the glass composition exhibits a linear temperature expansion coefficient greater than 100 x 10^-7 K^-1.

21. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-20, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.1 kgf.

22. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-21, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.3 kgf.

23. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-22, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.6 kgf.

24. The glass composition of any one of claims 1-23, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 1.0 kgf.

25. An article comprising the glass composition of any one of claims 1-24.

26. The article of claim 25, comprising foodware, tableware, cookware, flat glass, windows, windshields, hollowware, jars, art and craft glass objects, laser host materials, optical fibers, hollow fibers, lab-usable containers, or any combination thereof.

27. A glass article comprising: a glass composition comprising: about 25 to about 55 mol% of P₂O₅; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol % a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol % of MgO.

28. The article of claim 27, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of at least about 150 °C less than the melting point of a conventional soda-lime silicate glass composition.

29. The article of claim 27 or 28, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of at least about 250 °C less than the melting point of a conventional soda-lime silicate glass composition.

30. The article of any one of claims 27-29, wherein the glass composition exhibits a melting point of less than about 1,400 °C.

31. The article of any one of claims 27-30, wherein the glass composition further comprises Fe₂O₃ in an amount up to about 10 mole%.

32. The article of claim 31 wherein when Fe₂O₃ is present up to about 0.5 mole%, the article is substantially color-free.

33. The article of claim 32, wherein the composition displays an absorption coefficient average over the visible range of about 400 to about 800 nm less than or equal to about 0.49 cm^-1.

34. The article of claim 32 or 33, wherein the article exhibits a percent transmittance greater than about 80% over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm.

35. The article of claim 34, wherein when the glass composition comprises Fe₂O₃ present in an amount of about 0.5 mol% to about 5 mol %, the article is translucent grey.

36. The article of any one of claims 27-31, wherein further comprising one or more transitional metal oxides comprising oxides of copper, nickel, cobalt, chromium, silver, tin, or any combination thereof.

37. The article of claim 36, wherein the one or more transition metal oxides are present in the glass composition an amount up to about 2 mol %.

38. The article of claim 37, wherein the article is translucent.

39. The article of claim 37 or 38, wherein the article exhibits a percent transmittance of less than about 85% over a wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 800 nm.

40. The article of any one of claims 36-39, wherein the glass composition comprises a plurality of nanoparticles.

41. The article of any one of claims 27-40 wherein the glass composition comprises one or more rare earth metal ions.

42. The article of claim 41, wherein the one or more rare earth metal ions are present in an amount up to about 10 mol%.

43. The article of claim 41 or 42, wherein the article exhibits photoluminescence.

44. The article of any one of claims 27-43, wherein the glass composition exhibits a difference between the crystallization temperature and the glass transition temperature greater than about 100 °C when measured at room temperature and ambient pressure.

45. The article of any one of claims 27-44, wherein the glass composition is substantially free of carbonates.

46. The article of any one of claims 27-45, wherein the glass composition exhibits a linear temperature expansion coefficient greater than 100 x 10^-7 K- 1.

47. The article of any one of claims 27-46, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.1 kgf.

48. The article of any one of claims 27-47, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.3 kgf.

49. The article of any one of claims 27-48, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 0.6 kgf.

50. The article of any one of claims 27-49, wherein the glass composition exhibits a crack resistance greater than about 1.0 kgf.

51. The article any one of claims 27-50, comprising foodware, tableware, cookware, a flat glass, windows, windshields, hollowware, jars, art and craft glass objects, laser host materials, optical fibers, hollow fibers, tubing fibers, lab-usable containers, or any combination thereof.

52. A method comprising: a) providing: about 25 to about 55 mol% of P₂O₅; about 5 to about 45 mol% of SiO₂; about 5 to about 22 mol% of Al₂O₃; about 5 to about 30 mol% of ZnO; greater than 0 to about 20 mol % a total amount of Na₂O, K₂O, and/or Li₂O; about 2 to about 8 mol% of CaO, and/or about 2 to about 8 mol % of MgO; b) forming a homogeneous mixture c) melting the mixture at a temperature of about 1,000 °C to about 1,300 °C; and d) cooling the composition to form the glass composition of any one of claims 1-26.

53. The method of claim 52, wherein the method further comprises forming an article comprising the glass composition.

54. The method of claim 52 or 53, wherein the method exhibits at least about 25% reduction in CO₂ emission as compared to a reference method of making a conventional soda-lime glass composition.

55. A method of any one of claims 52-54, wherein the method comprising requiring at least about 30% less btu as compared to a reference method of making a conventional soda-lime glass composition.