EP4493292A1 - Diving fin - Google Patents

Diving fin

Info

Publication number
EP4493292A1
EP4493292A1 EP23719883.3A EP23719883A EP4493292A1 EP 4493292 A1 EP4493292 A1 EP 4493292A1 EP 23719883 A EP23719883 A EP 23719883A EP 4493292 A1 EP4493292 A1 EP 4493292A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fin
diving
blade
fibres
diving fin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP23719883.3A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4493292C0 (en
EP4493292B1 (en
Inventor
Maks Robinik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kobal Maja
Original Assignee
Robinik Kobal Brina
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robinik Kobal Brina filed Critical Robinik Kobal Brina
Publication of EP4493292A1 publication Critical patent/EP4493292A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4493292C0 publication Critical patent/EP4493292C0/en
Publication of EP4493292B1 publication Critical patent/EP4493292B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B31/00—Swimming aids
    • A63B31/08—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs
    • A63B31/10—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet
    • A63B31/11—Swim fins, flippers or other swimming aids held by, or attachable to, the hands, arms, feet or legs held by, or attachable to, the hands or feet attachable only to the feet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials
    • A63B2209/02—Characteristics of used materials with reinforcing fibres, e.g. carbon, polyamide fibres
    • A63B2209/023—Long, oriented fibres, e.g. wound filaments, woven fabrics, mats

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a diving fin.
  • diving fins Due to a small surface area and inappropriate geometry of the human foot, diving fins were developed to provide a good thrust for the swimmer when swimming. They function in a similar way to a fish tail, but with the difference that, due to human anatomy, the thrust is generated mainly by the upward movement of the foot. In this movement, the fin blade moves upwards at an angle, pushing the water away. The fins have a rail along the longitudinal edges which helps to direct the flow of water along the fin. A wider fin blade also helps to improve the swimmer's thrust. Traditionally, diving fins were made of rubber. More recently, however, diving fins have been developed from polymer materials reinforced with carbon, glass or other high elastic modulus fibre fabrics, which provide a higher thrust force and thus greater diving fin performance.
  • a more efficient diving fin means a better thrust for the swimmer for the same effort input, or the same thrust for the swimmer for less effort input.
  • a diving fin that comprises: a foot portion and a fin blade connected to the foot portion at its distal end, the fin blade comprising two support layers extending along the entire length of the fin blade and a plurality of inner layers between the two support layers extending from the proximal end of the blade towards the distal end over at least a portion of the longitudinal dimension of the fin blade, each support layer and inner layer comprising resin-impregnated fibres, wherein, at least in the support layers, the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction of the diving fin is greater than the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the transverse direction of the diving fin, preferably with a ratio of at least 1.5 between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin.
  • the advantage of the diving fin according to the invention over known diving fins is the increased efficiency of the diving fin.
  • the diving fin therefore enhances the kick, allowing faster swimming.
  • FIG. 1 Blade layers of the diving fin
  • a diving fin 1 that comprises: a foot portion 2 and a fin blade 3 connected to the foot portion 2 at its distal end, the fin blade 3 comprising two support layers 4 extending along the entire length of the fin blade and a plurality of inner layers 5 between the two support layers extending from the proximal end of the blade towards the distal end over at least a portion of the longitudinal dimension of the fin blade, each support layer 4 and inner layer 5 comprising resin-impregnated fibres, wherein, at least in the support layers 4, the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction of the diving fin is greater than the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the transverse direction of the diving fin, preferably with a ratio of at least 1.5 between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin.
  • the technical effect of increased efficiency of the fin occurs if the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction of the diving fin is greater than the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin, but the effect is in fact noticeable if the ratio between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin is 1.5. If the ratio between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin is 9 or greater, the efficiency of the diving fin is greater, but this has a negative impact on the mechanical strength of the diving fin in the transverse direction.
  • the most preferred embodiment is the one, in which the ratio between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin is 2 to 4.
  • the diving fin may further comprise two protective layers 6 disposed on the outside of each of the support layers.
  • the protective layers may be formed of, for example, polyester or glass fibre felt impregnated with resin.
  • the protective layers can also serve as carriers for graphic printing.
  • the fibres of the support and inner layers may be selected from carbon fibres, glass fibres or other fibres having a Young's modulus of at least 60 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 500 MPa, or combinations thereof.
  • the longitudinal and transverse fibres are preferably woven.
  • suitable weaves plain weave (80/20), twill (3/1), Basket weave, Jacquard weave, Dobby weave, etc.
  • Different numbers of fibres in the longitudinal and transversal directions in the fabric can be achieved in different ways.
  • a plain weave fabric can be used, wherein the threads in the longitudinal direction have a higher number of fibres than the threads in the transverse direction.
  • a fabric may be used in which the threads in the longitudinal and transverse directions are the same, but the density of the longitudinal threads per length unit is greater than that of the transverse threads. It is also possible to combine the two ways, i.e. the number of fibres in the longitudinal threads is greater than in the transverse threads and the density of the longitudinal threads per length unit is greater than that of the transverse threads.
  • the resin can be chosen from epoxy resin, phenolic resin, bio resin or polyester resin.
  • the number of the inner layers may be 3 to 16, preferably 3 to 5.
  • the fin blade is preferably made by the infusion process, where layers of dry fibres are stacked on top of each other and then impregnated with resin.
  • the advantage of the infusion process over the prepreg process, which uses pre-soaked fibres stacked on top of each other and then heat bonded, is that the final product is almost completely free of micrometre air bubbles, which has a positive effect on the lifetime of the fin blade.
  • the flat fin blade according to the invention due to dynamic loads (i.e. alternating compressive and tensile loads), makes more noise than the known diving fin, which is heard as a "clicking" sound when the diving fin is used in the water. Such sounds scare away fish, which is of course undesirable when spearfishing, watching or photographing fish. It has furthermore proved that there is no increase in noise if the fin blade is shaped in a wavy pattern with the crests of the waves in the transverse direction of the fin blade.
  • Such a diving fin is a preferred embodiment of a diving fin according to the invention and will be described in more detail below.
  • the fin blade is formed by a plurality of concave and convex segments 7a, 7b alternating from the proximal portion to the distal portion of the fin blade, with the crests of the concave and convex segments oriented transverse to the longitudinal direction of the fin blade.
  • the amplitude of the successive concave and convex segments preferably decreases towards the distal end of the fin blade.
  • the wave length of the successive concave and convex segments along the fin blade may be equal or decrease towards the distal end of the fin blade.
  • the distal end of the diving fin may be formed flat, i.e. without concave and convex segments.
  • the longitudinal edge of the fin blade may be provided with a rubber profile in the form of a wing to prevent the lateral flow of water when the diving fin is in use, thereby stabilising the movement of the diving fin in the swimming direction.
  • the performance of the diving fin was tested on a fin with three inner layers of glass fibre felt.
  • the two support layers were made with a plain weave fabric having the same number of threads per length unit in the longitudinal and transverse directions, but with the threads having 12000 fibres in the longitudinal direction and 3000 fibres in the transverse direction.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a diving fin comprising a foot portion and a fin blade connected to the foot portion. The fin blade consists of two support layers (4) extending along the entire length of the fin blade and a plurality of inner layers (5) between the two support layers extending from the proximal end of the blade towards the distal end over at least a portion of the longitudinal dimension of the fin blade. The support and inner layers comprise resin-impregnated fibres. At least in the support layers, the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction of the diving fin is greater than the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the transverse direction of the diving fin. The advantage of the diving fin according to the invention over known diving fins is the increased efficiency of the diving fin. The diving fin therefore enhances the kick, allowing faster swimming. The fin blade is preferably formed by a plurality of concave and convex segments alternating from the proximal portion to the distal portion of the fin blade.

Description

Diving fin
Field of invention
The invention relates to a diving fin.
Prior Art
Due to a small surface area and inappropriate geometry of the human foot, diving fins were developed to provide a good thrust for the swimmer when swimming. They function in a similar way to a fish tail, but with the difference that, due to human anatomy, the thrust is generated mainly by the upward movement of the foot. In this movement, the fin blade moves upwards at an angle, pushing the water away. The fins have a rail along the longitudinal edges which helps to direct the flow of water along the fin. A wider fin blade also helps to improve the swimmer's thrust. Traditionally, diving fins were made of rubber. More recently, however, diving fins have been developed from polymer materials reinforced with carbon, glass or other high elastic modulus fibre fabrics, which provide a higher thrust force and thus greater diving fin performance.
Technical problem
The technical problem is how to further increase the efficiency of diving fins. A more efficient diving fin means a better thrust for the swimmer for the same effort input, or the same thrust for the swimmer for less effort input. Solution to the technical Problem
The relative terms such as distal, proximal etc. are defined with respect to the user when the diving fin is in use.
The technical problem is solved by a diving fin that comprises: a foot portion and a fin blade connected to the foot portion at its distal end, the fin blade comprising two support layers extending along the entire length of the fin blade and a plurality of inner layers between the two support layers extending from the proximal end of the blade towards the distal end over at least a portion of the longitudinal dimension of the fin blade, each support layer and inner layer comprising resin-impregnated fibres, wherein, at least in the support layers, the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction of the diving fin is greater than the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the transverse direction of the diving fin, preferably with a ratio of at least 1.5 between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin.
The advantage of the diving fin according to the invention over known diving fins is the increased efficiency of the diving fin. The diving fin therefore enhances the kick, allowing faster swimming.
Figure 1 : Diving fin
Figure 2: Blade layers of the diving fin
Figure 3: Wavy fin blade
The invention is described in more detail hereinbelow. The technical problem is solved by a diving fin 1 that comprises: a foot portion 2 and a fin blade 3 connected to the foot portion 2 at its distal end, the fin blade 3 comprising two support layers 4 extending along the entire length of the fin blade and a plurality of inner layers 5 between the two support layers extending from the proximal end of the blade towards the distal end over at least a portion of the longitudinal dimension of the fin blade, each support layer 4 and inner layer 5 comprising resin-impregnated fibres, wherein, at least in the support layers 4, the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction of the diving fin is greater than the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the transverse direction of the diving fin, preferably with a ratio of at least 1.5 between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin.
The technical effect of increased efficiency of the fin occurs if the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction of the diving fin is greater than the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin, but the effect is in fact noticeable if the ratio between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin is 1.5. If the ratio between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin is 9 or greater, the efficiency of the diving fin is greater, but this has a negative impact on the mechanical strength of the diving fin in the transverse direction. The most preferred embodiment is the one, in which the ratio between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin is 2 to 4. The diving fin may further comprise two protective layers 6 disposed on the outside of each of the support layers. The protective layers may be formed of, for example, polyester or glass fibre felt impregnated with resin. The protective layers can also serve as carriers for graphic printing.
The fibres of the support and inner layers may be selected from carbon fibres, glass fibres or other fibres having a Young's modulus of at least 60 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 500 MPa, or combinations thereof.
The longitudinal and transverse fibres are preferably woven. Examples of suitable weaves: plain weave (80/20), twill (3/1), Basket weave, Jacquard weave, Dobby weave, etc.
Different numbers of fibres in the longitudinal and transversal directions in the fabric can be achieved in different ways. For example, a plain weave fabric can be used, wherein the threads in the longitudinal direction have a higher number of fibres than the threads in the transverse direction. Alternatively, a fabric may be used in which the threads in the longitudinal and transverse directions are the same, but the density of the longitudinal threads per length unit is greater than that of the transverse threads. It is also possible to combine the two ways, i.e. the number of fibres in the longitudinal threads is greater than in the transverse threads and the density of the longitudinal threads per length unit is greater than that of the transverse threads.
The resin can be chosen from epoxy resin, phenolic resin, bio resin or polyester resin.
The number of the inner layers may be 3 to 16, preferably 3 to 5.
The fin blade is preferably made by the infusion process, where layers of dry fibres are stacked on top of each other and then impregnated with resin. The advantage of the infusion process over the prepreg process, which uses pre-soaked fibres stacked on top of each other and then heat bonded, is that the final product is almost completely free of micrometre air bubbles, which has a positive effect on the lifetime of the fin blade. When manufacturing the fin blade, care must be taken that there is not excess resin in relation to fibres, as this can have a negative impact on the mechanical properties of the product.
However, when testing the diving fin according to the invention, it turned out that the flat fin blade according to the invention, due to dynamic loads (i.e. alternating compressive and tensile loads), makes more noise than the known diving fin, which is heard as a "clicking" sound when the diving fin is used in the water. Such sounds scare away fish, which is of course undesirable when spearfishing, watching or photographing fish. It has furthermore proved that there is no increase in noise if the fin blade is shaped in a wavy pattern with the crests of the waves in the transverse direction of the fin blade. Such a diving fin is a preferred embodiment of a diving fin according to the invention and will be described in more detail below.
According to a preferred embodiment, the fin blade is formed by a plurality of concave and convex segments 7a, 7b alternating from the proximal portion to the distal portion of the fin blade, with the crests of the concave and convex segments oriented transverse to the longitudinal direction of the fin blade. The amplitude of the successive concave and convex segments preferably decreases towards the distal end of the fin blade. The wave length of the successive concave and convex segments along the fin blade may be equal or decrease towards the distal end of the fin blade. The distal end of the diving fin may be formed flat, i.e. without concave and convex segments. The longitudinal edge of the fin blade may be provided with a rubber profile in the form of a wing to prevent the lateral flow of water when the diving fin is in use, thereby stabilising the movement of the diving fin in the swimming direction.
The performance of the diving fin was tested on a fin with three inner layers of glass fibre felt. The two support layers were made with a plain weave fabric having the same number of threads per length unit in the longitudinal and transverse directions, but with the threads having 12000 fibres in the longitudinal direction and 3000 fibres in the transverse direction.

Claims

Claims
1. A diving fin (1) that comprises: a foot portion (2) and a fin blade (3) connected to the foot portion (2) at its distal end, the fin blade (3) comprising two support layers (4) extending along the entire length of the fin blade (3) and a plurality of inner layers (5) between the two support layers (4) extending from the proximal end of the blade towards the distal end over at least a portion of the longitudinal dimension of the fin blade, each support layer (4) and inner layer (5) comprising resin-impregnated fibres, wherein, at least in the support layers (4), the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction of the diving fin is greater than the number of fibres per length unit oriented substantially in the transverse direction of the diving fin, preferably with a ratio of at least 1.5 between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin.
2. The diving fin according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio between the number of fibres per length unit oriented in the longitudinal direction and the number of fibres oriented in the transverse direction of the diving fin is less than 9, preferably 2 to 4.
3. The diving fin according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by further comprising two protective layers (6) disposed on the outside of each of the support layers (4).
4. The diving fin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibres of the support (4) and inner (5) layers are selected from carbon fibres, glass fibres or other fibres having a Young's modulus of at least 60 GPa and a tensile strength of at least 500 MPa, or combinations thereof.
5. The diving fin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support layers (4) are formed of a plain weave fabric, wherein the threads in the longitudinal direction have a higher number of fibres than the threads in the transverse direction.
6. The diving fin according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the support layers (4) are formed of a fabric, in which the threads in the longitudinal and transverse directions are the same, but the density of the longitudinal threads per length unit is greater than that of the transverse threads.
7. The diving fin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the number of the inner layers (4) is 3 to 16, preferably 3 to 5.
8. The diving fin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fin blade (3) is manufactured by the infusion process.
9. The diving fin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fin blade is formed by a plurality of concave and convex segments (7a, 7b) alternating from the proximal portion to the distal portion of the fin blade, with the crests of the concave and convex segments oriented transverse to the longitudinal direction of the fin blade.
10. The diving fin according to claim 9, characterized in that the amplitude of the successive concave and convex segments decreases towards the distal end of the fin blade.
11. The diving fin according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the wave length of the successive concave and convex segments along the fin blade is equal or decrease towards the distal end of the fin blade.
12. The diving fin according to any of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the distal end of the diving fin is formed flat, i.e. without concave and convex segments.
13. The diving fin according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the longitudinal edge of the fin blade is provided with a rubber profile in the form of a wing.
EP23719883.3A 2022-03-17 2023-03-16 Diving fin Active EP4493292B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI202200042A SI26336A2 (en) 2022-03-17 2022-03-17 Swimming fin
PCT/IB2023/052557 WO2023175546A1 (en) 2022-03-17 2023-03-16 Diving fin

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4493292A1 true EP4493292A1 (en) 2025-01-22
EP4493292C0 EP4493292C0 (en) 2026-02-04
EP4493292B1 EP4493292B1 (en) 2026-02-04

Family

ID=86226320

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23719883.3A Active EP4493292B1 (en) 2022-03-17 2023-03-16 Diving fin

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4493292B1 (en)
SI (1) SI26336A2 (en)
WO (1) WO2023175546A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SI24565A (en) * 2013-12-16 2015-06-30 Maks Robinik Flipper
KR101712751B1 (en) * 2015-12-16 2017-03-07 다이텍연구원 fin blade
US20230191201A1 (en) * 2020-04-17 2023-06-22 Sunny Industrial Engineering Co., Ltd A new fin and fin blade
CN112976749A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-06-18 王煜雯 Diving flipper laminated board and manufacturing method thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4493292C0 (en) 2026-02-04
EP4493292B1 (en) 2026-02-04
WO2023175546A1 (en) 2023-09-21
SI26336A2 (en) 2023-09-29

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