EP4479308A1 - Atterrisseur a longueur variable et aéronef équipé d'un tel atterrisseur - Google Patents
Atterrisseur a longueur variable et aéronef équipé d'un tel atterrisseurInfo
- Publication number
- EP4479308A1 EP4479308A1 EP23705266.7A EP23705266A EP4479308A1 EP 4479308 A1 EP4479308 A1 EP 4479308A1 EP 23705266 A EP23705266 A EP 23705266A EP 4479308 A1 EP4479308 A1 EP 4479308A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lever
- actuator
- landing gear
- undercarriage
- aircraft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C25/00—Alighting gear
- B64C25/02—Undercarriages
- B64C25/08—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable
- B64C25/10—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable retractable, foldable, or the like
- B64C25/18—Operating mechanisms
- B64C25/20—Operating mechanisms mechanical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C25/00—Alighting gear
- B64C25/02—Undercarriages
- B64C25/08—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable
- B64C25/10—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable retractable, foldable, or the like
- B64C25/12—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable retractable, foldable, or the like sideways
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C25/00—Alighting gear
- B64C25/02—Undercarriages
- B64C25/08—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable
- B64C25/10—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable retractable, foldable, or the like
- B64C25/18—Operating mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C25/00—Alighting gear
- B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface
- B64C25/58—Arrangements or adaptations of shock-absorbers or springs
- B64C25/60—Oleo legs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C25/00—Alighting gear
- B64C25/02—Undercarriages
- B64C25/08—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable
- B64C25/10—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable retractable, foldable, or the like
- B64C25/18—Operating mechanisms
- B64C25/24—Operating mechanisms electric
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C25/00—Alighting gear
- B64C25/02—Undercarriages
- B64C25/08—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable
- B64C25/10—Undercarriages non-fixed, e.g. jettisonable retractable, foldable, or the like
- B64C25/18—Operating mechanisms
- B64C25/26—Control or locking systems therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of aircraft landing gear and more particularly retractable or retractable landing gear.
- a landing gear conventionally comprises one or more undercarriages each comprising a supporting structure which comprises for example a leg having a first end secured to a hinge shaft to an aircraft structure and a second end carrying a rocker arm at one end which the wheel is attached.
- a shock absorber extends between the leg and the balance to damp the movements of the balance during landing.
- the supporting structure is movable between an extended position in which the leg of one undercarriage extends substantially vertically and a retracted position in which one undercarriage is housed in a hold of the aircraft closed by a hatch.
- the hold generally has a relatively small and crowded volume which sometimes makes it necessary to plan to reduce, when raising the undercarriage, the distance between the wheel and the joint of the leg to the structure of the aircraft.
- Such an arrangement is for example illustrated in the document FR-A-2702732.
- This document describes a set of rods connected on the one hand to the damping cylinder and on the other hand to the structure of the aircraft in such a way that the movement of 1 landing gear from its extended position to its retracted position also causes a movement of the first end of the actuator causing the wheel to move closer to the articulation of the leg to the structure of the aircraft.
- This arrangement of rods is however relatively complex and requires adjusting the length of the rods on each aircraft. Furthermore, it is necessary provide in the hold a point of attachment for one of the links of the assembly to ensure synchronization of the approach of the wheel with respect to the articulation of the leg and the displacement of the leg with respect to the structure of the aircraft.
- the object of the invention is in particular to propose a simple means for optimizing the housing of an undercarriage in a hold of reduced volume.
- an undercarriage comprising a support structure and a damping cylinder having a first end connected by a hinge member to the support structure and a second end connected to a wheel.
- the articulation member comprises a lever having a first end articulated to the support structure around a first articulation axis and a second end articulated to the jack around a second articulation axis in such a way that the lever pivots around the first axis of articulation between an extreme position of approach of the wheel towards the first axis of articulation and an extreme position of distance of the wheel relative to the first axis of articulation, the extreme positions being on either side on the other, an intermediate position in which the lever and the cylinder are aligned and the extreme distance position being defined by an abutment integral with the supporting structure and against which the lever in the distance position is applied to take up the forces landing transmitted along a longitudinal axis of the actuator.
- the undercarriage further comprises an actuator connected to the lever
- the actuator makes it possible to modify the distance between the wheel and the articulation of the supporting structure at the structure of the aircraft and it is integrated into the undercarriage so that it is not necessary to provide a specific attachment point in the hold.
- the modification of the length of the damping cylinder is adjustable directly by acting on the control of one actuator, which limits the adjustment operations during the installation of one undercarriage in the hold of the aircraft.
- one actuator and the lever can have a relatively compact structure due to their integration on the undercarriage so that their bulk is not detrimental to the installation of one undercarriage in the hold.
- the landing forces are transmitted by the actuator to the supporting structure via the lever which is in abutment against the supporting structure: the actuator does not need to be dimensioned to support these forces, which contributes to limit the overall size of the undercarriage.
- the invention also relates to an aircraft provided with at least one such undercarriage.
- FIG. 1 is a partial schematic front view of a landing gear installed on an aircraft according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a landing gear according to a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of an undercarriage according to the first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 is a partial schematic front view of an undercarriage according to the first embodiment of the invention showing more particularly the articulation member of the cylinder to the supporting structure;
- FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a landing gear according to a second embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 represents an aircraft 1 comprising a structure 2 in which are provided two holds 3 each arranged to accommodate a landing gear generally designated at 10 (only part of the wing of the aircraft 1 and the associated hold 3 are visible here) .
- the first end 11.1 is integral with a shaft 12 for articulating the leg 11 to the structure 2 of the aircraft
- the shaft 12 may have one or two ends arranged in a journal to each be received in a bearing of the hold 3, or comprise one or more yokes to be connected by an axis to the structure
- leg 11 pivots relative to the structure 2 around an axis A1 here substantially parallel to the shaft 12.
- the articulation of the leg 11 to the structure 2 of the aircraft 1 is known per se. same and will not be detailed here.
- the movement of the supporting structure between these two positions is ensured by an actuator symbolized at 4 and connected to a control device 5.
- the control device 5 is here an electronic unit connected to position sensors of one undercarriage 10 with respect to to the structure 2 and the actuator 5 is here an electromechanical actuator known in itself.
- the actuation of one undercarriage 10 between its retracted and extended positions is known per se and will not be further detailed here.
- Other means of control and actuation of one undercarriage for example electro-hydraulic, can of course be used.
- Each undercarriage 10 further comprises a damping cylinder 15 arranged to damp the pivoting movements of the rocker arm 13 around the axis A2.
- the damper cylinder 15 comprises a first end 15.1 connected to a hinge member generally designated at 16 mounted on the leg 11 and a second end 15.2 hinged to the rocker arm 13. More specifically, the first end 15.1 is here an eye secured to the body of the damper cylinder 15 and the second end 15.2 is an eye secured to the rod of the damper cylinder 15.
- the articulation member 16 comprises a lever 17 having a first end 17.1 integral with a shaft 18 pivotally mounted in a bearing 19 extending radially from the leg 11 to define a pivot axis A3 substantially perpendicular to a longitudinal axis A4 of the leg 11 and to the axis A2 .
- the lever 17 has a second end 17.2 shaped as a yoke receiving the eye of the first end 15.1 of the damper cylinder 15 to form an articulation with axis A5 parallel to axis A3.
- the eye of the first end 15.1 comprises a ball joint ensuring a spherical connection of the body of the damper cylinder 15 with respect to the second end 17.2 of the lever 17.
- the second end 17.2 of the damper cylinder 17 is connected to an articulation 20 (a yoke carrying an articulation pin) integral with the rocker arm 13 to define a pivot axis A6 parallel to the axis A2.
- the eye of the second end 15.2 comprises a ball joint ensuring a spherical connection of the rod of the damper cylinder 15 with respect to the rocker arm 13.
- the extreme distance position is defined by a stop 21 secured to the supporting structure 2, and more particularly here to the leg 11, and against which the lever 17 in the remote position is applied to take up the landing forces transmitted by the actuator 15 parallel to its longitudinal axis A7.
- a stop 21 secured to the supporting structure 2, and more particularly here to the leg 11, and against which the lever 17 in the remote position is applied to take up the landing forces transmitted by the actuator 15 parallel to its longitudinal axis A7.
- a rotary actuator 22 here electromechanical.
- the rotary actuator 22 comprises an electric motor having a stator integral with the end 11.1 of the leg and an output shaft linked in rotation to the shaft 18.
- the output shaft is here coaxial with the shaft 18.
- the 'Actuator 22 thus extends between the lever 17 and the support structure and is connected to the control device 5 to be controlled by the latter.
- an angular encoder for example of the RVDT type, integrated into the motor or driven by the latter so as to determine the angular position of the output shaft of the rotary actuator 22 and to deduce the position therefrom. of the lever 17. It is also possible to detect the arrival of the lever in abutment by monitoring the supply current of the motor of the rotary actuator 22.
- the lever 17 begins its movement towards the approach position to arrive in the approach position just before 1 undercarriage arrives in the retracted position.
- a sensor will also be provided to detect whether the cylinder 15 is under load (when the wheels 14 are still in contact with the ground) so that the lever 17 cannot be controlled towards its approach position as long as the cylinder 15 is compressed.
- the rotary actuator 22 is replaced by a linear actuator 32, also electromechanical here.
- the linear actuator 32 has a first part, here the body, connected to the supporting structure, here the leg 11, and a second part, here the rod, connected to the lever 17. More precisely, the second part of the actuator 32 is hinged to a lug 33 which projects from the shaft 18 connecting in rotation the lug 33 to the first end 17.1 of the said lever 17.
- one lander and the aircraft may have a structure different from that described.
- the undercarriage may include one or more wheels, one or more axles.
- the undercarriage can be pendulum or not.
- the actuators can be electromechanical, electrofluidic or fluidic actuators.
- the undercarriage may comprise a single control device for controlling all the actuators of the undercarriage, or several control devices (or units), one of which is dedicated to controlling the actuator of the lever 17.
- the actuator 22, 32 can integrate an electronic control card.
- Lever position sensors 17 can be attached to shaft 12.
- the actuators 22, 32 can each be equipped with at least one rotary or linear potentiometer to ensure position detection of the movable element of the actuator.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Retarders (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2201431A FR3132695B1 (fr) | 2022-02-17 | 2022-02-17 | Atterrisseur à longueur variable et aéronef équipé d’un tel atterrisseur |
| PCT/EP2023/053870 WO2023156511A1 (fr) | 2022-02-17 | 2023-02-16 | Atterrisseur a longueur variable et aéronef équipé d'un tel atterrisseur |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4479308A1 true EP4479308A1 (fr) | 2024-12-25 |
Family
ID=81851666
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23705266.7A Pending EP4479308A1 (fr) | 2022-02-17 | 2023-02-16 | Atterrisseur a longueur variable et aéronef équipé d'un tel atterrisseur |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250229894A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4479308A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3132695B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023156511A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2974909A (en) * | 1955-11-29 | 1961-03-14 | Electro Hydraulics Ltd | Retractable landing gear for aircraft |
| US3198461A (en) * | 1963-06-20 | 1965-08-03 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Retractable landing gear |
| US3870254A (en) * | 1973-03-28 | 1975-03-11 | Boeing Co | Landing gear and locking apparatus therefor |
| FR2393726A1 (fr) * | 1977-06-10 | 1979-01-05 | Messier Hispano Sa | Perfectionnements aux freins d'atterrissage de voilure a roues tirees et a retraction |
| FR2450199A1 (fr) * | 1978-12-29 | 1980-09-26 | Messier Hispano Sa | Train d'atterrissage principal a balancier et a relevage lateral pour aeronefs |
| GB2101542A (en) * | 1981-06-13 | 1983-01-19 | British Aerospace | Aircraft undercarriage unit |
| FR2689087B1 (fr) * | 1992-03-31 | 1994-05-13 | Messier Bugatti | Atterrisseur relevable d'aerodynes, notamment pour helicopteres. |
| EP0564772A1 (fr) * | 1992-04-07 | 1993-10-13 | Deutsche Aerospace Airbus Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Train d'atterrissage principal pour un avion avec centre de gravité en arrière |
| FR2702732B1 (fr) | 1993-03-15 | 1995-06-09 | Messier Bugatti | Train d'atterrissage d'aeronef, du type a relevage lateral. |
| FR2707595B1 (fr) * | 1993-07-15 | 1995-10-06 | Messier Bugatti | Train d'atterrissage d'aéronef, du type à relevage latéral. |
| FR2856976B1 (fr) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-10-21 | Messier Dowty Sa | Train d'atterrissage a jambes independantes du type a relevage vertical |
| FR2955310B1 (fr) * | 2010-01-19 | 2012-02-17 | Messier Dowty Sa | Atterrisseur d'aeronef du type a balancier et parallelogramme deformable |
| FR3018500A1 (fr) * | 2014-03-16 | 2015-09-18 | Socata | Dispositif et procede pour le controle actif du train d’atterrissage d’un aeronef |
| US10384767B2 (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2019-08-20 | The Boeing Company | Single axle, semi-levered landing gear with shortening mechanism |
| GB2563946A (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-02 | Airbus Operations Ltd | Pitch trimmer |
| US10967959B2 (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2021-04-06 | General Atomics Aeronautical Systems, Inc. | Folding trailing arm landing gear |
| US10981646B2 (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2021-04-20 | The Boeing Company | Landing gear shrink link mechanism |
| US11427309B2 (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2022-08-30 | The Boeing Company | Hinged truck assembly for aircraft landing gear |
-
2022
- 2022-02-17 FR FR2201431A patent/FR3132695B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-02-16 WO PCT/EP2023/053870 patent/WO2023156511A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-02-16 EP EP23705266.7A patent/EP4479308A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-02-16 US US18/838,747 patent/US20250229894A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3132695A1 (fr) | 2023-08-18 |
| US20250229894A1 (en) | 2025-07-17 |
| WO2023156511A1 (fr) | 2023-08-24 |
| FR3132695B1 (fr) | 2024-07-19 |
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