EP4457996A1 - Procédé de caractérisation de flux entre des éléments d'un réseau - Google Patents
Procédé de caractérisation de flux entre des éléments d'un réseauInfo
- Publication number
- EP4457996A1 EP4457996A1 EP22839857.4A EP22839857A EP4457996A1 EP 4457996 A1 EP4457996 A1 EP 4457996A1 EP 22839857 A EP22839857 A EP 22839857A EP 4457996 A1 EP4457996 A1 EP 4457996A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- elements
- network
- user
- grouping
- groups
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/02—Capturing of monitoring data
- H04L43/026—Capturing of monitoring data using flow identification
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/08—Configuration management of networks or network elements
- H04L41/0893—Assignment of logical groups to network elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
- H04L41/12—Discovery or management of network topologies
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
- H04L43/04—Processing captured monitoring data, e.g. for logfile generation
- H04L43/045—Processing captured monitoring data, e.g. for logfile generation for graphical visualisation of monitoring data
Definitions
- TITLE Flow characterization process between elements of a network
- the present invention relates to a method for characterizing flows between elements of a network.
- the present invention also relates to an associated electronic characterization device.
- the subject of the invention is a method for characterizing flows between elements of a network, the method being implemented by an electronic characterization device and comprising a configuration phase comprising the following steps: a. the reception of data relating to flows between the elements of the network, called flow data, b. displaying, via a user interface, a representation of the stream data, c. receiving, via the user interface, at least one user constraint relating to the grouping of the elements of the network, each user constraint being chosen by a user according to the displayed representation of the flow data, and d.
- the method comprises one or more of the following characteristics, taken in isolation or in all technically possible combinations:
- the configuration phase includes, after the grouping step, a display step, via the user interface, of a representation of the groups of elements obtained;
- the method comprises a dynamic tracking phase comprising the following steps for each instant: a. the reception of the stream data of the current instant, b. the display, via a user interface, of a representation of the flow data of the current instant, c. the possible update, via the user interface, of the user constraints so that the user constraints of the current instant are the updated user constraints or the user constraints of the previous instant otherwise, and d. the possible modification, by the grouping tool, of the groups of elements of the previous moment according to the flow data of the current moment and the user constraints of the current moment;
- the dynamic monitoring phase also includes for each instant a step of displaying, via the user interface, a representation of the groups of elements obtained for the current instant;
- an indicator is also displayed relating to the consideration of user constraints in the groupings carried out;
- the dynamic monitoring phase includes a step for generating an alert and/or implementing an action when the groups of elements of the current instant are different from the groups of elements of the previous instant;
- the or each user constraint is chosen from: a. a constraint relating to an imposed grouping between elements of the network, and b. a constraint relating to prohibited grouping between elements of the network; - the grouping tool implements an expectation-maximization type algorithm.
- the present invention also relates to an electronic device for characterizing flows between elements of a network, the device being able to implement a method as described above and comprising: a. a user interface, b. a grouping tool, and c. a tool for receiving flow data and communicating a representation of the flow data, on the one hand, to the user interface and, on the other hand, to the grouping tool.
- FIG 1 a schematic representation of an electronic device for characterizing flows between elements of a network
- FIG 2 figure 2, a flowchart of an example implementation of a flow characterization method between elements of a network
- FIG 3 figure 3, a schematic representation of user constraints communicated via a user interface on which elements of a network are represented.
- FIG. 10 An electronic device 10 for characterizing flows between elements E of a network R is illustrated in FIG.
- the network R groups together all the elements E capable of exchanging flows between them.
- the E elements are physical entities (objects, installations, etc.) or individuals or animals.
- the network R is a transport network and the elements E are stations of the network R.
- the flows are in this case the movements of the transport considered between the stations.
- the transport network is, for example, a rail network (train), a road network (car, bus, bicycle) or even an urban network (pedestrians, scooters).
- the stations are self-service rental stations (bicycles, cars, scooters), for which the objective of the operator is to restock the stations according to the traffic, or to detect abnormalities in the profiles of rental, for example in the event of a breakdown.
- the network R is a communication network or a social network.
- the elements E are then the users of the network R and the flows between the elements E are for example the number of interactions between pairs of users over a given time interval.
- the device 10 is configured to implement a flow characterization method between the elements E of a network R, which will be described later in the description.
- the device 10 comprises a user interface 12, a grouping tool 14, and a tool 16 for receiving stream data.
- the user interface 12 is suitable for displaying information transmitted by the grouping tool 14 and by the reception tool 16.
- the user interface 12 is also suitable for receiving information from the user for transmission at least to the grouping tool 14.
- User interface 12 is a man-machine interface.
- the user interface 12 includes, for example, a display such as a touch screen or not, and possibly a keyboard and/or a mouse.
- the grouping tool 14 is suitable for determining groupings of the elements E of the network R, as will be described later in the description.
- the reception tool 16 is suitable for receiving and communicating a representation of the stream data, on the one hand, to the user interface 12 and, on the other hand, to the grouping tool 14, as will be described in the following description.
- the grouping tool 14 and the reception tool 16 are, for example, software modules, such as computer program products comprising program instructions for driving the respective operation of the grouping tool 14 and the reception tool 16 when such computer programs are executed by a computer.
- the user interface 12, the grouping tool 14 and the reception tool 16 are integrated into the same computer.
- the computer programs are for example stored in memories of the computer.
- each of the grouping tool 14 and of the reception tool 16 are integrated into a computer which is specific to it, and thus form two separate entities.
- the computer program products corresponding to the grouping tool 14 and to the reception tool 16 are stored on the same information carrier or specific information carriers.
- the or each readable information medium is a medium suitable for storing electronic instructions and capable of being coupled to a bus of a computer system.
- the or each information medium is a USB key, a floppy disk or floppy disk (from the English name "Floppy say"), an optical disk, a CD-ROM, a magneto-optical disk, a ROM memory, RAM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, magnetic card or optical card.
- a flow characterization method between the elements E of a network R implemented by the device 10 will now be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 2 and the examples of FIGS. 3 and 4 which illustrate certain steps of the method. .
- the characterization method includes a configuration phase 100 and, optionally, a dynamic tracking phase 200.
- the configuration phase 100 corresponds to the first reception of user constraints as will be described below.
- the configuration phase 100 thus corresponds to a single instant.
- the configuration phase 100 alone corresponds to a flow characterization at a given instant.
- the dynamic tracking phase 200 follows the configuration phase 100 and includes steps repeated over time.
- the dynamic tracking phase 200 is thus implemented in real time.
- the configuration phase 100 comprises a step 110 of receiving data relating to flows between the elements E of the network R, referred to as flow data.
- Step 110 is, for example, implemented by the reception tool 16.
- the flow data are, for example, derived from measurements carried out on the network R by sensors.
- the flow data are, for example, a count of interactions or movements between the elements E of the network R.
- the stream data received is optionally processed and communicated, if necessary in the form of an adapted representation, to each of the user interface 12 and of the grouping tool 14.
- the representation communicated to the user interface 12 has been adapted to be understandable by a user (see FIG. 3 for example) while the grouping tool 14 receives the raw stream data.
- the configuration phase 100 includes a step 120 of displaying, via the user interface 12, a representation of the stream data.
- the displayed representation is thus suitable for viewing by a user of the device 10.
- the configuration phase 100 comprises a step 130 of receiving, via the user interface 12, at least one user constraint relating to the grouping of the elements E of the network R. Each user constraint is chosen by a user according to the representation displayed flow data. Each user constraint is communicated to the grouping tool 14.
- the or each user constraint relates to similarities or dissimilarities between the elements E of the network R.
- the or each user constraint is chosen from:
- the user constraints are chosen by the user according to his own knowledge of the operation of the R network, but also according to available external knowledge, such as incident reports, particular events which would lead to saturations or closures of certain nodes of the R network.
- user constraints are already predefined, and the user adapts these constraints (for example via a slider) specifically for the considered R network.
- FIG. 3 An example of user constraints for a transport network R (metro) is illustrated in FIG. 3.
- the user interface 12 allows the user to visually indicate the grouping constraints intended for the algorithm.
- the operator can easily propose groupings of stations with identical behavior (stations circled in solid lines), or on the contrary indicate a desire for separation (stations circled in dotted lines).
- the configuration phase 100 includes a step 140 of grouping, by the grouping tool 14, of the elements E of the network R into groups according to the flow data and the user constraints.
- the groups of elements E obtained make it possible to characterize the flows between the elements E of the network R.
- the elements E are assimilated, for the grouping, to the nodes of a graph and the flows between the elements E to the edges of the graph.
- the graph is dynamic, i.e. its edges evolve over time, based on the evolution of the flow data.
- Such a graph is also discretized in time, to be able to aggregate the individual transactions in the form of a count per interval.
- Such a graph is potentially bipartite, in the case where the nodes of the network R are divided into two differentiated groups (for example, a group of entry stations, and a group of exit stations).
- this discretized dynamic graph is represented in the form of a sequence of weighted adjacency matrices.
- An adjacency matrix for a finite n-vertex graph is an nxn-dimensional matrix whose non-diagonal element ay is the number of edges linking vertex i to vertex j.
- the diagonal element an is the number of loops at vertex i (for simple graphs, this number is therefore equal to 0 or 1).
- the inputs of the grouping tool 14 are adjacency matrices and the outputs of the grouping tool 14 are rearranged matrices whose rows and columns have been permuted with respect to the matrices of input adjacency so that groups appear.
- the nodes of the dynamic graph are the nodes of the network R, and the edges of the dynamic graph at each instant correspond to an aggregation of the interactions between two nodes over a given period of time.
- the nodes of the dynamic graph are the stations of the network R and the edges at a given instant correspond to the number of journeys made between two given stations over a fixed period of time.
- the grouping tool 14 implements a parametric mathematical model describing the way in which the flows are generated in the R network as well as an associated learning algorithm. These parameters (e.g.: distributions of levels, connectivities, dynamics of transitions, etc.) are learned by the algorithm from the data.
- the grouping tool 14 implements an expectation-maximization type algorithm, which allows user constraints to be taken into account.
- An expectation-maximization algorithm (often abbreviated as EM) is an iterative algorithm that finds the maximum likelihood parameters of a probabilistic model when the latter depends on unobservable latent variables.
- an importance indicator is assigned to user constraints. User constraints are then taken into account for grouping according to the importance indicator. For example, the grouping tool 14 will ensure that a constraint with a strong importance indicator is more respected than a constraint with a weak importance indicator.
- the configuration phase 100 includes a step 150 of displaying, via the user interface 12, a representation of the groups of elements E obtained.
- the displayed representation is thus suitable for being viewed by a user of the device 10.
- the displayed representation makes it possible in particular to assist in the management of flows between the elements E, for example to detect abnormal situations.
- an indicator relating to the consideration of user constraints in the groupings performed is also displayed. Thus, if the constraint(s) are not respected, this makes it possible to indicate possible anomalies in the flow data.
- the user has two sources of information:
- the real flows synthesized in the form of a real-time view of the R network
- the summary elements E resulting from the automatic analysis the partition of the nodes of the network R at each instant of the study period of the graph and, if necessary, the parameters of the model estimated by the algorithm on the data.
- the dynamic tracking phase 200 comprises various steps repeated for each instant (preferably real time).
- the dynamic tracking phase 200 includes a step 210 of receiving stream data from the current time.
- the receiving step 210 is, for example, implemented similarly to the receiving step 110.
- the dynamic tracking phase 200 includes a step 220 of displaying, via the user interface 12, a representation of the flow data of the current instant.
- the display step 220 is, for example, implemented similarly to the display step 210.
- the dynamic tracking phase 200 includes a step 230 of possible updating, via the user interface 12, of the user constraints so that the user constraints of the current instant are the updated user constraints or the user constraints of the previous instant otherwise.
- the update step 230 is, for example, implemented similarly to the receive step 130.
- the update is, for example, due to changes in the R network brought to the user's attention or is related to the grouping of entities carried out at the previous moment.
- the dynamic tracking phase 200 includes a step 240 of possible modification, by the grouping tool 14, of the groups of elements E of the previous instant according to the flow data of the current instant and the user constraints of the current moment.
- the modification step 240 is, for example, implemented similarly to the grouping step 140.
- the changes are, for example, due to changes in the data flow and/or changes in user constraints.
- the dynamic tracking phase 200 includes a step 250 of displaying, via the user interface 12, a representation of the groups of elements E obtained for the current moment.
- the display step 250 is, for example, implemented similarly to the display step 150.
- an indicator relating to the consideration of user constraints in the groupings performed is also displayed.
- any modifications of the groups of elements E are highlighted on the displayed representation so as to facilitate the management of the flows between the elements E of the network R.
- the dynamic monitoring phase 200 includes a step 260 of generating an alert and/or implementing an action when the groups of elements E of the current instant are different from the groups of elements E of the previous moment.
- Step 260 is, for example, implemented by the user or by the device 10.
- the present method implements an interaction loop between a human-centered system (user interface) and an automated analysis system (grouping tool), each contributing to the analysis of the other through a common way of representing knowledge, all in a dynamic way.
- grouping tool 14 thus makes it possible to facilitate the characterization of flows on an R network.
- the automated analysis subsystem makes it possible to synthesize the flows on the R network, and if necessary their evolution over time.
- This synthesis consists partly of a partitioning (clustering) of the nodes of the graph, based on a mathematical modeling of the way in which the flows are generated, as well as on knowledge presented by the operator aiming to make certain partitions of the nodes of the graph less likely than others.
- the partitioning being dynamic, the groups sought do not necessarily consist of the same nodes over time and an interest of the analysis is to grasp the dynamics of these groups over time.
- the grouping tool 14 then transmits to the user interface 12 a summary of these results.
- the part centered on the operator performs an expert analysis from a graphical representation of the flows synthesized by the automated analysis subsystem, possible at different granularities.
- the dynamic changes in the composition of the groups are the main clues that can be used by the operator to trigger actions, raise alerts or simply make reports. For example, it may be desirable to raise an alert when a large number of nodes in the network R change groups between two successive times, indicating a significant change in the flow structure at a given time. This phenomenon should however be analyzed with regard to the previously observed evolution dynamics of the nodes in the groups.
- results provided by the automatic system to the operator are therefore a sequence of partitions of the nodes of the graph for each instant of the dynamic graph as well as the parameters learned by the model, describing in a synthetic way the way in which the groups of nodes interact and evolve. over time. These parameters allow a better understanding of the results for the operator.
- the expert extracts from his analysis indications on the current behaviors, and can, if necessary, transmit them in turn to the automaton in the form of possible modifications of the user constraints.
- the user constraints describe, for example, spatial, structural or situational similarities between nodes of the R network and are likely to change over time depending on the operational situation.
- this coupling between the grouping tool 14 and the user via the user interface 12 allows: a reduction in the biases of the actors (cognitive for the operator, learning for the automaton), and rapid convergence towards a satisfactory common analysis; a reinforcement of the bond of trust of the human towards the automatic analysis; greater independence from operating conditions and priors than for a supervised analysis (from a database of examples).
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2114636A FR3131488B1 (fr) | 2021-12-29 | 2021-12-29 | Procédé de caractérisation de flux entre des éléments d'un réseau |
| PCT/EP2022/087974 WO2023126453A1 (fr) | 2021-12-29 | 2022-12-28 | Procédé de caractérisation de flux entre des éléments d'un réseau |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4457996A1 true EP4457996A1 (fr) | 2024-11-06 |
Family
ID=81851662
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22839857.4A Pending EP4457996A1 (fr) | 2021-12-29 | 2022-12-28 | Procédé de caractérisation de flux entre des éléments d'un réseau |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4457996A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3131488B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023126453A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9979594B2 (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2018-05-22 | Nec Corporation | Methods, apparatuses, and systems for controlling communication networks |
| US10848402B1 (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2020-11-24 | Thousandeyes, Inc. | Application aware device monitoring correlation and visualization |
-
2021
- 2021-12-29 FR FR2114636A patent/FR3131488B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-12-28 EP EP22839857.4A patent/EP4457996A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-12-28 WO PCT/EP2022/087974 patent/WO2023126453A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3131488B1 (fr) | 2024-05-10 |
| FR3131488A1 (fr) | 2023-06-30 |
| WO2023126453A1 (fr) | 2023-07-06 |
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