EP4444174A1 - Verfahren zum ermitteln einer stoffkonzentration und detektoranorndung - Google Patents
Verfahren zum ermitteln einer stoffkonzentration und detektoranorndungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4444174A1 EP4444174A1 EP22834896.7A EP22834896A EP4444174A1 EP 4444174 A1 EP4444174 A1 EP 4444174A1 EP 22834896 A EP22834896 A EP 22834896A EP 4444174 A1 EP4444174 A1 EP 4444174A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- light
- sample
- angle
- light beam
- scattered
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
- A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N2021/4704—Angular selective
- G01N2021/4707—Forward scatter; Low angle scatter
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
- G01N2021/4704—Angular selective
- G01N2021/4711—Multiangle measurement
Definitions
- PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING A SUBSTANCE CONCENTRATION AND DETECTOR ARRANGEMENT
- the present invention relates to a method for determining a substance concentration in a liquid containing particles, in particular glucose in blood, with a refractive index of the liquid being dependent on a concentration of the substance dissolved therein.
- the current standard for blood glucose testing often uses an invasive technique, in which a small amount of blood is drawn and subsequent electrochemical analysis is performed with a handheld device. This method is not suitable for continuous monitoring as each measurement requires a finger prick to collect a fresh blood sample.
- a more recently developed technology uses a button that sits on the skin and measures interstitial fluid in parts of the subcutaneous fat tissue with a small, needle-like sensor. However, the needle permanently penetrates the skin.
- the inventors have recognized that there is an angular dependency between a scattered portion of light and a concentration of the substance in a liquid. The latter is in turn based on a change in a refractive index depending on the concentration of the substance in the liquid.
- the proposed method exploits this dependency to obtain a relative measurement between two fractions of light that have been scattered by particles in the liquid, where the fraction of light is a scattered fraction of light.
- the probe light signal As a wave propagating in the forward direction when there is no index contrast between the liquid and objects within it.
- the obj ects on which the light can scatter would be in this environment, i . H . completely invisible if the refractive indices of the liquid and the object are the same. If the refractive indices deviate from each other, an interaction of light with matter can be observed, e.g. B. by scattering part of the light . This interaction is complicated and depends not only on the refractive index but also on the shape and size of the particles. Surprisingly, however, there is an angle dependency, i. H .
- the light scattered by a particle in a liquid is not evenly distributed, but has a preferred direction.
- the angle dependency is in turn partly characteristic of the refractive indices or a change of it and thus for a concentration of a substance in the liquid.
- the inventors have developed a method for non-invasively tracking blood glucose levels by evaluating the optical return signal, which is essentially propagating in a forward direction relative to a reference direction.
- the second light component is measured in the reference direction.
- the invention also makes use of the fact that the distribution of the scattered light is influenced, among other things, by a scattering similar to Mie scattering, since the particles contained in the liquid are of the same order of magnitude as a wavelength of a measuring light beam.
- a method for determining a concentration of a substance that is present in a liquid is proposed.
- the liquid also includes particles on which a light beam can be scattered.
- the refractive index of the liquid or the difference in the refractive indices between the liquid with the substance dissolved in it and the particles is determined in that, in a first step, a measuring light beam of at least one wavelength hits a sample contained in the liquid and in or is scattered at this.
- a light component scattered at a first angle, in particular at a first angle in the forward direction corresponding to the measuring light beam, is then detected.
- the scattered light detected in this way is based at least in part or depending on the measurement angle and wavelength of the light on an angle-dependent scattering, z . B. on a scattering comparable to the Mie scattering. Scattered components due to Rayleigh scattering, on the other hand, are of lesser importance due to the size of the particles.
- a second portion of light is detected at a second angle, which is scattered on or in the liquid.
- An angle dependency and thus a concentration or a proportion of the substance in the liquid can be determined from the two detected scattered light components.
- one such a determination can be made by evaluating a ratio of the detected first and second light components.
- the inventors thus propose a method which calculates the angle dependency in the scattering comparable to Mie scattering at different refractive indices between liquid and particles in the same or Differences therefrom exploited, with one of the refractive indices depending on the concentration of the substance to be determined.
- the sample is illuminated from two different angles, resp. a scattered portion of light is captured at two different angles.
- different combinations of these can be selected in order to obtain a good signal/noise result.
- scattering which is comparable to Mie scattering, has only a slight wavelength dependency
- measurement at different wavelengths is possible and, depending on the application, also makes sense in order to be able to compensate for other effects in the sample or the particles. This may appear to make sense particularly when a surface of the sample has different characteristics and the measurement is to take place underneath the sample, so that the measuring light is to penetrate the surface with as little absorption or other effects as possible.
- the proposed method is particularly suitable for determining a glucose concentration in blood, since the size of the red blood cells is in the range of the wavelength of the measuring light.
- other parameters can also be recorded with it, so that the method can be used both for the determination of glucose alone and combined with other methods. Examples of this would be heart rate measurement, blood pressure measurement and the like. Likewise, other substances such.
- a first portion of light is detected in the forward direction, this portion of light being caused by scattering comparable to Mie scattering.
- the measuring light beam falls flat on the surface of the sample, i. H . at an angle that is less than 40° and in particular less than 30° (or at a correspondingly large angle to the normal).
- a detector for measuring the scattered light is positioned to receive light scattered at a low angle in the forward direction.
- the above first angle from a normal to a surface of the sample is greater than 45°, and more preferably greater than 60°.
- the second angle, d. H . the angle of the second light component also referred to as the reference component, has an angle relative to a normal to a surface of the sample of less than 35° and in particular less than 20°.
- the second angle with respect to the normal to the surface of the sample can be greater than 45° and also greater than 60°, but the second light component is then formed by backscattered light, ie. H . backscattered light with an angle greater than 45° or even greater than 60° is detected.
- the measuring light beam ie the light that is radiated in.
- the measurement light beam has an angle of incidence with respect to a normal to a surface of the sample that is greater than 45° and in particular greater than 60°.
- the measuring light beam is radiated onto the sample at a flat angle. While the first light component is detected by forward-scattered light, an angle between the measuring light beam and the detected scattered second light component can be less than 60° and in particular less than less than 30°.
- the second portion of light thus primarily contains backscattered light, which is recorded by a detector and fed to further evaluation.
- a measurement light beam and a reference light beam are separated. While the measuring light beam is used for the formation and subsequent detection of forward-scattered light, a back-scattered light generated by the reference light beam is detected as the second light component. In these cases, either differently positioned emitters can be used so that their generated light beams fall on the sample at different angles, but are captured by a single detector.
- the step of detecting a second portion of light scattered by the particles contained in the liquid thus includes emitting a reference light beam of at least one wavelength onto the sample.
- Light scattered by the sample is detected at a second angle as the second light component.
- the reference light beam can be irradiated at a fourth angle with respect to a normal to a surface of the sample, which is less than 45° and in particular less than 30°.
- the reference light beam and the measurement light beam can be emitted at different times. This prevents the two light beams from influencing each other.
- different wavelengths can also be used if the detector for detecting the first and/or second light component works wavelength-specifically.
- a single emitter is used, the light from which is scattered by the sample is detected at different angles by a plurality of detectors.
- a measuring light beam is generated and light scattered in the forward direction is detected as the first light component.
- a light component scattered at a different angle is detected as a second light component.
- the reference light beam and the measurement light beam have the same wavelength.
- the two measuring beams it is possible for the two measuring beams to have several different wavelengths, i. H . are composed of light with different wavelengths.
- the measurements for the first and the second light component can be carried out either with light of different wavelengths at the same time or with light of the same wavelength but possibly at different times. It is also possible to carry out several measurements with measuring light beams and/or reference light beams of different wavelengths in order to be able to compensate for absorption or other effects in the sample in this way.
- Another aspect relates to the position of the incident light beam on the sample surface.
- the measuring light beam and the reference light beam impinge on the same location on the sample surface.
- the point of impact of the measuring light beam can be spaced apart from a location from which backscattered light is detected. This is advantageous if scattered light due to reflection on the surface is not to be detected.
- a further aspect relates to a measuring arrangement or a sensor for determining a substance concentration in a liquid, and in particular glucose in sugar.
- Such a sensor comprises a housing with an exit window and an optional entry window.
- the exit window and entry window can be optically separated from one another in order to further reduce crosstalk during a measurement.
- the optoelectronic sensor has at least one emitter unit, which is arranged under the exit window and is designed to emit light from the exit window onto the sample at at least a first angle.
- a photodetector unit is provided, which is arranged under the entrance window. The photodetector unit is designed to detect light scattered by the sample and incident at at least a first angle.
- the senor is designed to detect a first portion of light in response to a first emitted light and a second portion of light in response to a second emitted light.
- An angle between the first portion of light and the first emitted light differs by at least 60° and in particular by at least 90° or at least 110° from an angle between the second portion of light and the second emitted light.
- the angle between the first light portion and the corresponding light falling on the sample is significantly larger than the angle between the second light portion and the corresponding light falling on the sample.
- the angle between the first light component and the first emitted light consists of a forward-scattered light component from the first emitted light and the angle between the second light division and the second emitted light consists of a correspondingly backward-scattered light.
- an evaluation unit is then provided, which is coupled to the at least one photodetector unit.
- a substance concentration in the sample can be determined by means of the evaluation unit from a ratio of the detected first and second light components.
- the proposed optoelectronic sensor makes use of the scattering of scattering particles in a sample, in particular in a liquid sample, and is capable of detecting the forward-scattered light generated by the scattering as well as the backward-scattered light. It turned out that the scattering is strongly dependent on the angle and shows some properties that are also characteristic of Mie scattering (less so for Rayleigh scattering), so that in the following this scattering and the term Mie scattering are used synonymously.
- the strong angular dependency caused by the scattering makes it possible to draw conclusions about the refractive index and in particular about a change in the refractive index in the sample. Measurements carried out at different times allow a change in the substance concentration to be determined, which in turn causes a change in the refractive index which can be determined by measuring the Mie scattering.
- the different light components can be determined either from differently emitted light beams or from a common light beam that acts on the sample.
- the optoelectronic sensor comprises at least one measurement emitter, which is designed to emit light at a first predetermined angle from the exit window going up to give the test .
- a reference emitter can now be provided, which is designed to emit light from the exit window onto the sample at a second predetermined angle.
- the second predetermined angle is significantly smaller than the first predetermined angle relative to a normal to the sample surface.
- the measuring emitter serves to allow light from the exit window to fall onto the sample at a particularly shallow angle, while the reference emitter in turn emits light onto the sample from the steepest possible angle.
- a flat angle is understood to mean a predetermined angle relative to a normal to a surface of the sample, which is greater than 45° and in particular greater than 55° or 60° and in particular greater than 65°.
- the second predetermined angle comprises an angle relative to a normal to a surface of the sample that is less than 35° and in particular less than 20° or is less than 15°.
- the photodetector unit in turn comprises a detector which is designed to detect light which is scattered by the sample and incident at at least a first predetermined angle.
- An optional reference detector can also be provided on this side, which is designed to detect light scattered by the sample and incident at at least a second predetermined angle.
- the second predetermined angle relative to a normal to the sample surface is not smaller than the first predetermined angle.
- the photodetector unit is thus configured to detect scattered light at two different angles from the sample. This in turn corresponds to a forward-scattered light component or a backscattered light component a scattering of the sample which at least partially has shares of a scattering similar to Mie scattering.
- the first predetermined angle is greater than 45° and in particular greater than 55° or 60° from a normal to a surface of the sample.
- the second angle generates a backscattered portion of light, but in contrast has a relatively small value compared to a normal to a program surface, in particular less than 35° or less than 20°.
- the electronic sensor comprises an optical barrier for this purpose, which is arranged in the housing and extends in particular from the exit window in the direction of the bottom of the housing.
- the optical barrier is arranged between the emitter unit and the photodetector unit.
- several photodetector units or several emitter units are also possible, each of which detects or transmits light of different wavelengths. send out . In this way, wavelength-dependent absorption properties of the sample can be compensated, so that the signal-to-noise ratio and thus also the signal quality are further improved.
- Another aspect relates to the design with an optical system which the individual emitters of the emitter unit or. the photodetectors of the photodetector unit after or. is upstream.
- the optical system can be used to deflect the light emitted by the emitter unit and to project it onto a specific focus point on the sample surface.
- the optical system of the photodetector unit is designed in such a way that it collects the light at the desired angle and directs it onto the photosensor of the detector unit.
- the part that gets into the detector has covered a greater distance or comes from a greater depth, so that interaction with the liquid and the particles contained therein is greatly increased. From this, a substance concentration can be determined within a certain depth of the sample.
- This aspect makes sense above all in applications in which a glucose concentration of blood in a human tissue is to be detected, since blood is located at a certain depth below the skin's surface.
- a depth-dependent measurement of the substance concentration within the sample is possible. It has been found that good results can be achieved in certain applications if the distance between the focus point and the point from which the outgoing light can be detected by the photodetector unit is in the range between 1 mm and 6 mm and in particular in the range between 2 mm to 4 mm is . There is also a relationship between the wavelength and the distance. Initial results indicate that the correlation between the measurement results and the substance concentration increases if the distance at shorter wavelengths is also slightly smaller than at longer wavelengths.
- FIG. 1 shows a plan view and a cross-sectional illustration of an embodiment of an optoelectronic sensor for carrying out the method according to the proposed principle
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the optoelectronic sensor and a first measuring step for carrying out the method according to the proposed principle
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the optoelectronic sensor and a second measuring step for carrying out the method according to the proposed principle
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a second embodiment of an optoelectronic sensor which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the proposed principle
- FIG. 5 shows, in a schematic manner, a third embodiment of an optoelectronic sensor which is suitable for carrying out the method according to the proposed principle
- FIGS. 6 and 7 each show a signal-time diagram to illustrate a time profile of the blood sugar concentration measured using two different methods.
- FIG. 1 shows a detector arrangement according to the proposed principle, as is suitable for carrying out the proposed method.
- the illustration on the right shows a section through the two sides of the detector arrangement.
- the detector arrangement comprises a housing 2 which is separated into two areas by an optical barrier 4 .
- the optical barrier 4 extends from the bottom of the housing 2 to an upper side which has an exit window 72 and one of them slightly objected to having the entrance window 71 .
- the corresponding entry or Exit windows are spaced apart and separated by the optical barrier 4 .
- the optical barrier 4 prevents crosstalk of light emitted through the center onto the detectors during a measurement and in this way improves the signal-to-noise ratio.
- the emitter area includes a first measurement emitter ME and a second reference emitter RE spaced from the measurement emitter as shown. Each of the two emitters is coupled out and focusing optics 01 and 01 respectively. 01', which are also arranged at different positions on the housing.
- the detector side of the housing 2 in turn comprises a measurement detector MD and a reference detector RD to which upstream optics 02 are also assigned.
- the measuring emitter ME When the arrangement is in operation, the measuring emitter ME generates a measuring light beam MLS, which it emits along an optical path in the direction of the deflection optics 01 . This directs the measurement light beam MLS out of the exit window 72 at a relatively flat angle.
- the term "flat angle" means the angle between the measuring light beam MLS and the upper side of the exit window 72.
- the reference emitter RE in turn emits a reference light beam RLS, which is emitted by a deflection optics 01' from the exit window at a relatively steep angle
- a common focal point SE for the measurement light beam MLS and the reference light beam RLS is selected so that it lies slightly above the exit window 72 and is therefore within a sample that is placed directly on the exit window.
- a measurement detector MD and a reference detector RD are provided on the detector side.
- the two detectors MD and RD are also spaced apart. Upstream of the detectors is in each case an optical system 02, which under different Angles incoming light collects and directs it to the appropriate detector.
- the housing includes two entrance windows 71, which are designed in such a way that an incident light beam is directed from the optics 02 onto the detector. Similar to the emitter side, provision is also made here for the light beam MGL incident on the measurement detector to strike the entrance window at a different angle than a corresponding reference light beam RGL on the detector RD.
- the measuring light beam MGL impinges on the detector MD at a relatively flat angle, in particular at an angle similar to the angle of the measuring light beam MLS.
- the reference light beam RGL falls essentially perpendicularly onto the entry window 71 and thus reaches the detector RD.
- a focal point is located somewhat above the entry window 71 within a sample applied to the entry window.
- the sample thus covers both the exit window 72 and the entry window 71, the two focal points SE and SG are spaced apart from one another in this exemplary embodiment.
- a measurement light beam MLS is directed at a flat angle onto the meeting point SE onto the sample above the exit window 72 and interacts there with particles within the sample.
- the measurement light beam is scattered forwards and backwards in the sample by these particles. A portion of this forward-scattered light strikes the measuring detector MD via the focal point SD and its strength is detected there.
- a reference light beam is applied to the sample and integrated there with the particles of the sample. In addition to forward scattering, this interaction also leads to a backwards scattered light component which, starting from the focus point, is detected in the reference detector RD as backwards scattered light component RTL.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show the detector arrangement according to the proposed principle and the non-intensive measuring method provided for determining a glucose concentration in a biological, in particular a human, tissue.
- the detector arrangement 1A shown in FIG. 1 is placed on the skin surface of a person to be diagnosed.
- the essential components of the detector arrangement are listed here again as examples.
- the surface of the skin is marked with the reference number 6 and is, for example, a part of the finger or another part of the skin.
- the detector arrangement comprises a frame 3 with a window 7 which is placed as light-tight as possible on the skin surface and lightly pressed against it.
- the closure with the skin prevents (or at least reduces) stray light from entering the measurement detector during the measurement process and thus leading to a poorer signal-to-noise ratio.
- the detector 1A comprises a measuring emitter ME and a reference emitter RE.
- optics 01 are each arranged, which have an aperture and a focusing optics connected downstream.
- the optics 01 are designed in such a way that they project an essentially common focal point on the skin surface 6, specifically in an area SE that can be illuminated by the measuring emitter and the reference emitter RE.
- a common focus point is not always necessary, but is useful to avoid measurement differences due to irregularities at different measurement locations.
- a measurement detector MD and a reference detector RD are located on the receiver side.
- a second lens system 02 is also connected in front of each of these two detectors, which in turn comprises a diaphragm and one or more focusing lenses.
- the arrangement of the two detectors MD and RD and the upstream optics 02 is such that their respective detection point is on the surface of the skin 6 in the area SD. Depending on the angle, light emitted from this area thus strikes the detector MD or the detector RD.
- the areas SE and SD are spatially spaced from each other, with the distance being in the range of a few millimeters.
- an optical barrier 4 is provided between the emitter side and the detector side within the detector arrangement, which extends from the window 7 into the detector arrangement 1A and prevents crosstalk of light from the measurement emitter or to prevent the reference emitter on the respective detectors.
- the arrangement on the emitter side with the measuring emitter ME and the reference emitter RE is designed in such a way that a measuring light beam generated by the measuring emitter falls at the angle ⁇ onto the measuring area SE on the skin surface 6 .
- the angle a is small and is in the range of about 30° in the proposed example, specifically in relation to the skin surface or the surface of the window 7 placed on the skin. Consequently, the angle with respect to a normal to the skin surface in the region SE is around 60°. It should be mentioned at this point that an angle relative to the skin surface is equivalent to 90° less than this angle, provided this is then relative to the normal to the skin surface.
- the exit window runs parallel to the main surface of the sample. Light which emerges from the exit window at a certain angle then also falls on the skin surface at this angle.
- the reference emitter RE emits a reference light beam, which is at a relatively steep angle of more than 80 ° and in falls on the SE region at about 90° (relative to the skin surface).
- the reference emitter is positioned in such a way that the light it generates reaches the region SE to be illuminated essentially perpendicularly. This arrangement also ensures that the two lines through the measuring emitter and the measuring detector virtually meet at a point below the skin or at a specific depth in the sample.
- Detectors MD and RD are also positioned in a similar manner.
- the measurement detector MD is arranged in such a way that scattered light from the area SD enters the measurement detector MD at a shallow angle a'.
- the reference detector RD mainly detects light that is scattered back essentially perpendicularly to the surface of the skin and to the surface of the window 7 .
- the emitters and detectors are arranged symmetrically about an axis through the optical barrier, which in turn is along a normal to the window or skin surface. This means that the measuring emitter and the measuring detector each have the same angle to the normal, as do the reference emitter and the reference detector.
- the measuring detector thus primarily receives light that is scattered forward, while the reference detector primarily detects the light that is scattered backwards.
- Such a symmetrical arrangement has the advantage that a later effect and possibly also a calibration is simplified.
- the measuring light penetrates into this area, where it interacts with the blood in the manner described here.
- the light entering the detectors has thus traveled a longer distance and the probability of interaction with blood is greatly increased.
- the position of the measuring detector is in turn set in such a way that the forward-scattered light is bundled in the optics 02 and fed to the detector. In this way the detector determines the forward scattered light from the correct depth, i. H . after interacting with blood.
- a reference measurement shown in FIG. 2 is now carried out as an example, followed by a subsequent measurement with the measuring light beam in FIG.
- the reference light beam and the measuring light beam have the same wavelength in order to avoid a wavelength-dependent influence on the measurement.
- the reference emitter is activated and generates a reference light beam in the impact area SE. This reacts with the various particles and material components in the sample or in the skin and generates, among other things, a backwards scattered light in the area SD, which is collected by the optics 02 and impinges on the reference detector RD.
- the optical barrier 4 between the emitter side and the detector side in addition to the above-mentioned separation.
- the signal measured in this way corresponds to a backward-scattered light component in the sample to be measured in area 5 .
- a measuring light beam is now generated with the measuring emitter ME and directed as a measuring light beam onto the area SE of the sample 5 of the skin 6 to be measured.
- the angle between the measurement light beam and the forward-scattered light is thus significantly larger than the angle between the reference light beam from the emitter RD and the back-scattered light. Because of the strong angle dependency of the scattering, a clear difference should be measurable. Since the angle dependence is also dependent on a change in the refractive index, conclusions about changes in the sample can be drawn from the difference in the ratios at different measurement times. perform a calibration.
- the forward-scattered light corresponds to the first light component and, in the exemplary embodiment, is essentially based on a scattering of the measuring light beam on red blood cells within the glucose-containing blood plasma that is comparable to Mie scattering. It has also been shown here that the two measuring ranges SE and SD should be spaced apart from one another. On the one hand, this has the advantage of the already mentioned reduction in optical crosstalk; on the other hand, the separation also allows a sufficiently strong light signal to be obtained from deeper layers of the skin and in particular within the blood plasma through forward scattering. It is assumed that the measuring light beam, which hits the skin surface at an angle a, this penetrates and reaches the bloodstream, and is then scattered in the blood plasma and the blood cells present therein.
- the two detected signals can be related to one another, with the resulting ratio being dependent on the refractive index of the blood plasma. It is assumed that the refractive index of the red blood cells is independent of a change in the concentration of glucose within the blood plasma and remains essentially constant. It follows from this that the ratio and in particular the difference in the ratio between two measurements carried out at different times provides information about the change in concentration of a substance that changes the refractive index of the blood plasma.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show a comparison between the optical scan, which was carried out with a sensor of the proposed type, compared to an invasive method for measuring blood sugar as a comparison value. Shown in FIG. 6 is the respective time in hours on the x-axis and an optical scattering in the form of a ratio on the axis ns signal/reference or . a corresponding glucose concentration in milligrams/deciliter. The measurement was carried out with a green measurement and reference light beam, with the distance between the areas SD and MD being approximately 2 mm.
- the glucose concentration rises sharply during the increase in food at around 12:30 p.m. to 12:40 p.m., and then falls again slightly with some fluctuations.
- the optical scan shows a very similar progression, which suggests a correlation between a change in the refractive index in the blood plasma during this period.
- the optical scan can be easily calibrated by comparing it with the blood glucose measurement.
- the difference and fluctuations between invasive blood glucose measurement and optical scanning according to the proposed principle can be explained by the color of the scattered light (in this case explained by a wavelength in the green range), the shape and surface texture of the finger and other parameters.
- this measurement was carried out at a small distance of only 2 mm between the area of the scattered light SE and the area of the backscattered or forward-scattered light SD carried out, the wavelength used here shows a good correlation.
- FIG. 7 shows a second measurement at a different wavelength (near infrared range) and also a greater distance between the areas SE and SD on the surface of the skin of about 4 mm.
- the invasive blood sugar measurement given by the glucose value in milligrams per deciliter is the same between FIGS. 6 and 7, only the strength of the optical scattering, ie. H . the ratio of the measurement signal to the reference signal is different for the two measurements carried out Different distance wavelength different .
- the high correlation between optical scanning and invasive blood glucose measurement indicates good agreement and a clearly measurable dependency.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show alternative configurations of a detector which is suitable for carrying out the proposed method.
- the arrangements allow light components scattered at different angles to be evaluated and related to one another.
- FIG. 5 includes an arrangement 1b which, however, includes only one measurement transmitter ME but two detectors RD and MD.
- the measuring emitter ME is arranged in such a way that the light it emits falls on the area of the sample in the area SE at a flat angle a to the surface of the window 7 of the detector. In other words, the light beam emitted by the emitter ME hits the surface of the sample at a large angle with respect to the normal.
- the reference detector RD is positioned in such a way that it receives the light that is scattered and emitted essentially perpendicular to the sample.
- the measuring detector MD is positioned in such a way that it only detects forward-scattered light, i. H . Light at a shallow angle a, based on the surface of the window 7 is detected. Similar to the previous embodiments, the detector RD is designed to detect backscattered light and the measuring detector MD to detect forwardly scattered light, in particular caused by a scattering that is comparable or similar to Mie scattering.
- a light beam is generated by the emitter ME and directed onto the area SE of the sample.
- the light beam can be used both as a measuring light beam and as a reference light beam.
- the incident light interacts with the sample and leads to a forward-scattered light in the range SD Light component and a second and another angle backscattered light component.
- the second light component is therefore also referred to as backward scattered light and reaches the reference detector RD via the collecting optics 02.
- the forward-scattered light is collected and detected via a second collecting optics in front of the measuring detector MD.
- both a detection of backwards scattered light by means of the reference detector RD and forwards scattered light can be received simultaneously by the measuring detector MD.
- FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment which makes use of the fact that what is essentially important is the angle difference between the incident light and the light component scattered in the sample. There is therefore also the possibility of doing without one of the two detectors, but instead providing differently positioned emitters.
- the first light component (measurement signal) and the second light component (reference signal) are detected with the same detector.
- an arrangement 1b comprises two different emitters MD and RD for generating a measurement light beam and a reference light beam. The two emitters are positioned in such a way that they reflect the light they emit at different angles ⁇ and ⁇ . ß direct to the area SE .
- the light from the measuring emitter falls on the area SE at a shallow angle a (again in relation to the horizontal surface of the window 7 , while the second light beam from the reference emitter falls essentially perpendicularly, i.e. at a very steep angle on the area SE falls .
- the measurement detector MD is arranged at an angle a', so that it receives the light scattered from the area SD at this angle. From this arrangement it follows that a reference light signal, which falls on the area SE and generates a backscattered light in the area SD, always has a different total angle than the measuring light beam, which falls on the area SE at the flatter angle a.
- the angle between the measuring light beam and the scattered light on the detector MD is larger than the angle between the reference light beam and the scattered light.
- the angle dependency manifests itself in different ways. On the one hand, this can be affected by the position of the reference or Measurement detector and the two emitters result directly.
- the angle dependency is decisively determined by the angle between the incident light and the backscattered light.
- the angle between the emitter and the detected light is significantly smaller than when detecting forward-directed scattered light, which is generated by the measuring light beam from the measuring emitter ME.
- there is also an angle dependency here the ratio of which changes as a function of a glucose concentration within the sample 5 .
- the angle between the reference light directed onto the sample and the light backscattered and detected by it is smaller than the angle between the measuring light beam directed onto the sample and the detected forward-scattered light. This is necessary because the forward-scattered light and the back-scattered light result from scattering similar to Mie scattering.
- the formation of a ratio is robust to skin changes or other measurement changing parameters and allows conclusions to be drawn about the glucose concentration.
- the method also allows conclusions to be drawn about other health-related parameters. Since the scatter within a specific tissue volume depends on the concentration of the scattering objects, the proposed method also allows the amount of water to be determined in relation to the amount of red blood cells. This allows indications of possible hydration or dehydration to be obtained.
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Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021132135.2A DE102021132135A1 (de) | 2021-12-07 | 2021-12-07 | Verfahren zum ermitteln einer stoffkonzentration und detektoranorndung |
| PCT/EP2022/084824 WO2023104898A1 (de) | 2021-12-07 | 2022-12-07 | Verfahren zum ermitteln einer stoffkonzentration und detektoranorndung |
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| EP4444174A1 true EP4444174A1 (de) | 2024-10-16 |
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| EP22834896.7A Pending EP4444174A1 (de) | 2021-12-07 | 2022-12-07 | Verfahren zum ermitteln einer stoffkonzentration und detektoranorndung |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20250040841A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4444174A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20240112355A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118369046A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021132135A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023104898A1 (de) |
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| WO2025087911A1 (en) | 2023-10-23 | 2025-05-01 | Trinamix Gmbh | Spectrometer device with at least two object illumination spots and an elliptic light collection profile |
| WO2026002585A1 (en) | 2024-06-24 | 2026-01-02 | Ams-Osram Ag | Method for determining a substance concentration and detector arrangement |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4314835A1 (de) | 1993-05-05 | 1994-11-10 | Boehringer Mannheim Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Analyse von Glucose in einer biologischen Matrix |
| CN1187112A (zh) | 1995-06-09 | 1998-07-08 | 西伯罗医学公司 | 用于光学血氧计的传感器方法和仪表 |
| US6122042A (en) | 1997-02-07 | 2000-09-19 | Wunderman; Irwin | Devices and methods for optically identifying characteristics of material objects |
| DE10163972B4 (de) * | 2001-12-22 | 2005-10-27 | Roche Diagnostics Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung eines Lichttransportparameters und eines Analyten in einer biologischen Matrix |
| DE202008014667U1 (de) | 2008-11-05 | 2009-01-15 | Testo Ag | Messgerät |
| DE102010014775A1 (de) | 2010-04-13 | 2011-10-13 | Vivantum Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmen eines biologischen, chemischen und/oder physikalischen Parameters in lebendem biologischem Gewebe |
| CN107427266B (zh) * | 2015-01-21 | 2021-12-03 | 国立研究开发法人量子科学技术研究开发机构 | 血中物质浓度测定装置以及血中物质浓度测定方法 |
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2021
- 2021-12-07 DE DE102021132135.2A patent/DE102021132135A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2022
- 2022-12-07 EP EP22834896.7A patent/EP4444174A1/de active Pending
- 2022-12-07 US US18/717,415 patent/US20250040841A1/en active Pending
- 2022-12-07 KR KR1020247021896A patent/KR20240112355A/ko active Pending
- 2022-12-07 CN CN202280081126.9A patent/CN118369046A/zh active Pending
- 2022-12-07 WO PCT/EP2022/084824 patent/WO2023104898A1/de not_active Ceased
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| US20250040841A1 (en) | 2025-02-06 |
| WO2023104898A1 (de) | 2023-06-15 |
| CN118369046A (zh) | 2024-07-19 |
| KR20240112355A (ko) | 2024-07-18 |
| DE102021132135A1 (de) | 2023-06-07 |
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