EP4436767A1 - Procédé et machine de fabrication additive - Google Patents
Procédé et machine de fabrication additiveInfo
- Publication number
- EP4436767A1 EP4436767A1 EP22818752.2A EP22818752A EP4436767A1 EP 4436767 A1 EP4436767 A1 EP 4436767A1 EP 22818752 A EP22818752 A EP 22818752A EP 4436767 A1 EP4436767 A1 EP 4436767A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- transfer
- individual layer
- individual
- layers
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/245—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/106—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
- B29C64/118—Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using filamentary material being melted, e.g. fused deposition modelling [FDM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/147—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using sheet material, e.g. laminated object manufacturing [LOM] or laminating sheet material precut to local cross sections of the 3D object
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/205—Means for applying layers
- B29C64/223—Foils or films, e.g. for transferring layers of building material from one working station to another
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/227—Driving means
- B29C64/241—Driving means for rotary motion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C64/295—Heating elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B29C64/35—Cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
- B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
Definitions
- the invention relates to an additive manufacturing process, in particular by deposition of molten filament. It also relates to a machine designed to implement this method.
- thermoplastic injection nozzle in the molten state moves relative to a plate and deposits the material in the form of thread to form strata. The strata are superimposed to form the piece in the end.
- This process has the disadvantage of being very slow and the adhesion between the different layers is relatively low. In addition, it does not allow a real possibility of industrialization, due to the large number of manipulations required between each part.
- the object of the invention presented is to solve these various drawbacks. It aims in particular to provide a three-dimensional printing process with high productivity. It also aims to provide a machine for implementing this method.
- the subject of the invention is a process for the additive manufacturing of a part, according to which the part is manufactured by printing successive layers of thermoplastic material, characterized in that a plurality of individual layers of thermoplastic material by depositing molten filament on a plurality of transfer supports and transferring said individual layers by successively applying each transfer support to the part being manufactured to deposit the individual layer supported by said support.
- this process makes it possible to manufacture layers separately, then to assemble these layers to form the three-dimensional part.
- the different layers can be manufactured separately and in parallel on the plurality of transfer supports, each of these phases taken individually being long.
- the assembly time for an individual layer on the part is relatively short.
- the layer manufacturing time is divided by the number of layers that can be manufactured simultaneously, compared to the traditional process.
- this process is suitable for industrialization, allowing in this configuration printing speeds that can be up to five hundred times faster while occupying less space and requiring less staff to manage it.
- the transfer support is metallic, glass or borosilicate. These materials can withstand high temperatures without deforming and with the possibility of detaching the individual thermoplastic layer without too much difficulty.
- the transfer support is cylindrical or partly cylindrical. This facilitates the deposition of the individual layer by a simple rotation of the support above the part. Similarly, the manufacture of the individual layer is controlled in particular by the rotation of the support around the axis of the cylinder.
- the transfer support is flexible so as to be made cylindrical or with a shape allowing linear contact on the part.
- the flexibility of the support makes it possible to consider a shape of the support during the manufacture of the layer distinct from that during the transfer of the layer on the part.
- a flocking of fibers is deposited on the individual layer before it is deposited on the part.
- the fibers deposited in this way make it possible to reinforce the cohesion of the part by creating a reinforcement of the bond between layers.
- the flocking in particular when it is carried out by electrostatism, makes it possible to orient the fibers perpendicular to the surface of the layer in a direction which is favorable to the bond between layers.
- local heating of the contact zone between the part and the individual layer is carried out to obtain a local melting of the individual layer and of the surface of the part in order to weld the individual layer to the part. Heating is done just before assembly so that a weld is made as well. The heating is for example carried out by scanning a laser beam.
- the transfer support is cooled from the inside during the phase of depositing the layer to allow the detachment of the individual layer from the transfer support. It is ensured that the layer deposited on the part no longer adheres to the transfer medium but remains on the part. Cooling also ensures the solidification of the layer deposited on the part.
- the individual layer has a thickness between 0.05 and 3 mm, preferably between 0.05 and 1 mm.
- the thermoplastic material of the preliminary layer includes a filler.
- the filler may consist of fibers of different natures: polyamide, carbon, carbon nano-fibers, metal.
- the charge may also be powder.
- thermoplastic material is chosen from a group comprising PLA, PEEK, ABS, polyamide, polyetherimide (PEI), PETG and PMMA.
- the invention also relates to an additive manufacturing machine comprising a plate for receiving a part constructed by printing successive layers of material thermoplastic, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of layer units, each layer unit being provided to manufacture an individual layer of thermoplastic material by depositing molten filament on a transfer support, a gripping unit for transferring the supports transfer to a printing unit, which is configured to transfer said individual layers by successively applying each transfer medium to the part being manufactured to deposit the individual layer.
- Each layer unit receives a transfer medium and makes an individual layer on the medium, preferably in a time-shifted manner between the different layer units.
- the transfer supports are then picked up by the gripping unit to be successively transferred to the printing unit. There, each of the individual layers is deposited on the part being manufactured.
- the printing unit comprises a barrel supporting some of the transfer media to move them between different stations, including at least one input station to receive the transfer medium coming from a layer unit, a output station for storing the transfer medium destined for a layer unit and a transfer station in which the individual layer is deposited on the part.
- the barrel further comprises, upstream of the transfer station, a flocking station configured to deposit a flocking of fibers on the individual layer.
- the flocking is added just before the deposition of the layer on the part.
- the barrel comprises a cleaning station. If the cleaning station is placed downstream of the transfer station, it can be cleared of residues from the previous operation. Upstream of the transfer station, cleaning may concern the extraction of residues to prevent them from being deposited on the part.
- the barrel comprises a checkpoint. It is possible to check the geometric or surface qualities of the transfer supports, or the quality of the individual layer before its deposition.
- the plurality of layer units are grouped together in one or more stores.
- Each of the stores can be interfaced with the gripping means, and the number of stores can be modulated according to the desired productivity of the machine.
- the machine includes a laser to heat the common parts of the two layers allowing the layer to be glued back onto the part.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a layer unit used in the machine of Figure 1;
- FIG. 2b is a longitudinal sectional view of the diaper unit of Figure 2;
- FIG. 2c is a cross-sectional view of the diaper unit of Figure 2;
- FIG. 2d is a schematic view of a variant of the layer unit in Figure 2;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a store integrating a plurality of layer units according to Figure 2;
- FIG. 4 is a perspective view of gripping means for moving the transfer supports
- FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a printing unit used in the machine of Figure 1;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a flocking station for the printing unit of Figure 5;
- FIG. 6b shows a layer with a plurality of son arranged parallel to each other
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the printing unit with a part being manufactured
- FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a series of machines according to the invention.
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view of a part manufactured according to a variant of the process.
- the invention presented in FIG. 1 consists of a store 100 of layer units 1 printing only a single individual layer 42 on a cylinder 14 forming a transfer medium which may be made of borosilicate glass or the like. These cylinders 14 are picked up by a manipulator 3, as shown in FIG. 4, forming a gripping means which will deposit them in the printing unit as shown in FIG. 5.
- the printing unit 2 will make it possible to apply the individual layer 42 on a printing platform 25 managed by a tray manipulator 25 as shown in Figure 7.
- the printing unit 2 will also allow interlayer strength improvement, cylinder 14 maintenance, layer 42 control and other possible functions.
- Some or even all of the layers 42 constituting the final three-dimensional part 41 are printed simultaneously with an offset of a few seconds corresponding to the cycle required by the printing unit 2.
- Each layer unit 1 consists of a frame 10, a rotating chuck 11 and indexed along an X axis, a print head 12 on a linear guide extending along a Y axis. is independent and has its own electronic control system, management of the cylinder 14 map and material supply 13.
- the cylinder 14 is held magnetically by magnets 15 for easy extraction by the manipulator 3.
- Heating rotary 16 heats the cylinder 14 from the inside to guarantee the adhesion of the individual layer 42.
- Each unit of layer 1 has a material feed which can be a coil of wire, but also a pellet or powder feed .
- the process presented prints the layer using heated wires, but it is also possible to polymerize or heat agglomerate a layer on a cylinder 14 using a laser 20 inside the cylinder 14 with a bed powder 21 under the cylinder 14, as shown in Figure 2d.
- the process also allows color printing.
- an inkjet print head 18 is installed next to the 3D print head 12, and at the end of the printing of the individual layer 42, the contour receives an inkjet print giving its color to the final model, in conjunction with the use of a white thread.
- the colorization of the horizontal parts is done on the printing unit 2.
- the colorization also applies to the powder bed and laser process of figure 2d.
- These layer 1 units are gathered in the magazine 100 units, as shown in Figure 3, which can be temperature regulated to ensure print quality.
- Each printer can be equipped with one or more magazines of 100 units.
- the manipulator 3 double gripper, as shown in Figure 4, transfers the cylinders 14 from the layer units to the printing unit 2 by transferring an incoming cylinder 14 and an outgoing cylinder 14.
- the printing unit 2 is composed of a cylinder 26 which can receive several cylinders 14.
- the purpose of this printing unit 2 is to transfer the individual printed layer 42 present on the cylinder 14 directly on the plate 25 for the first layer and on the part 41 formed by the previous layers for the following layers.
- the print transfer takes place by synchronizing the speeds of the plate 25 and of the cylinder 14, by cooling inside the cylinder 14 to allow the detachment of the layer 42 on the contact tangent 31 with the plate 25 and heating of the layers in contact using a laser 27.
- This laser T1 only heats the common parts of the two layers allowing the layer to be reattached to the part 41.
- the barrel 26 may comprise several locations including a entry 30 and one output station 28 of the cylinders 14. It may also include a layer control station, a cylinder maintenance and cleaning station 14 and one or more layer improvement stations, including a flocking station 29 as detailed on Figures 6 to 6d upstream of the deposition of the individual layer on the part 42.
- This flocking station 29 consists of heating 32 of the individual layer 42 in order to soften the individual layer 42 before the electrostatic flocking device 33 which places short fibers 34 on the layer perpendicular to it, significantly improving the resistance between layers.
- These fibers may be of several types: nylon, polyamide, carbon, carbon or metallic nanofiber.
- the fibers 35, as shown in Figure 6a in the carbon filled printable yarns 36 are parallel to the direction of the yarn, which is due to the extrusion of the yarn manufacturing process.
- the same is true in the individual printed layer 42, shown in Figure 6b, which gives the pattern strength in the yarn direction and weft direction (X and Y) due to the overlapping layers shown in Figure 6b.
- FIG. 6c without the slightest effect on the Z axis, that is to say of connection between layers.
- the fibers 34 build strength in the Z axis between the layers.
- a tray manipulator represented in FIG. 7, consists in managing the X and Z axis of the layer deposit under the printing unit 2, but also the transfer of the tray 25 from one printer to another in the case of an industrial configuration.
- the upper part 37 is used to transfer the parts being printed.
- the finished models are moved to the lower part 38, the lower handling 39 is used to supply blank trays. Movement between the different levels is carried out using the manipulator 40.
- the printers are attached to each other so that the handling of the trays ensures the transfer of the trays from one printing unit 2 to another, which makes it possible to obtain a line having more Layer 1 units without having manipulation intervention.
- this arrangement makes it possible, for example, during a series production of parts, to launch the production of a part 41 or series of parts without disturbing the production in progress. This gives the invention additional flexibility.
- This also makes it possible to use an oversized platen of 1 to 4 times the capacity in X to create larger parts by shifting the fig-9 layer, i.e. 1 to 4 times or more the developed of the cylinder.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2112473A FR3129317B1 (fr) | 2021-11-24 | 2021-11-24 | Procédé et machine de fabrication additive |
| PCT/EP2022/082516 WO2023094290A1 (fr) | 2021-11-24 | 2022-11-18 | Procédé et machine de fabrication additive |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4436767A1 true EP4436767A1 (fr) | 2024-10-02 |
Family
ID=80595262
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22818752.2A Pending EP4436767A1 (fr) | 2021-11-24 | 2022-11-18 | Procédé et machine de fabrication additive |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250187267A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4436767A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3129317B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023094290A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20120072006A1 (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-03-22 | Synerdyne Corporation | System and method for rapid fabrication of arbitrary three-dimensional objects |
| KR20180099752A (ko) * | 2015-12-31 | 2018-09-05 | 이볼브 애디티브 솔루션스, 아이엔씨. | 적층 제조에서 실린더형 층을 이용한 구축 |
| DE102018008808A1 (de) * | 2018-11-06 | 2020-05-07 | Hans Mathea | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dreidimensionalen Formgegenstands mittels schichtweisem Materialauftrag |
-
2021
- 2021-11-24 FR FR2112473A patent/FR3129317B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-11-18 EP EP22818752.2A patent/EP4436767A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-11-18 US US18/712,943 patent/US20250187267A1/en active Pending
- 2022-11-18 WO PCT/EP2022/082516 patent/WO2023094290A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20250187267A1 (en) | 2025-06-12 |
| FR3129317A1 (fr) | 2023-05-26 |
| WO2023094290A1 (fr) | 2023-06-01 |
| FR3129317B1 (fr) | 2024-07-26 |
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