EP4426196A1 - Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre d'une methode non invasive de determination de l'etat d'homeostasie emotionnelle d'un animal - Google Patents
Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre d'une methode non invasive de determination de l'etat d'homeostasie emotionnelle d'un animalInfo
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- EP4426196A1 EP4426196A1 EP22813330.2A EP22813330A EP4426196A1 EP 4426196 A1 EP4426196 A1 EP 4426196A1 EP 22813330 A EP22813330 A EP 22813330A EP 4426196 A1 EP4426196 A1 EP 4426196A1
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- Prior art keywords
- animal
- emotional
- homeostasis
- population
- reflectance
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/0059—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence
- A61B5/0075—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/16—Devices for psychotechnics; Testing reaction times ; Devices for evaluating the psychological state
- A61B5/165—Evaluating the state of mind, e.g. depression, anxiety
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7203—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/72—Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes
- A61B5/7235—Details of waveform analysis
- A61B5/7246—Details of waveform analysis using correlation, e.g. template matching or determination of similarity
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B2503/00—Evaluating a particular growth phase or type of persons or animals
- A61B2503/40—Animals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-invasive technology for evaluating and predicting the level of well-being, or more generally the emotional balance of an animal, or more generally of an individual or a population of individuals.
- the present invention also relates to a device for measuring the reflectance or the absorbance of light radiation, by a body zone or an extracorporeal element of an animal from a population of individuals, making it possible to determine, according to the measured spectral data, the state of emotional homeostasis of each animal in the population.
- Negative emotions linked to fear or pain, were studied first, because it is easier to experimentally induce a negative emotion than a positive emotion. The results of such studies make it possible to better understand the situations inducing negative emotions and to identify useful indicators for animal well-being.
- Emotion can be defined as a psychophysiologically positive or negative experience.
- This complex and intense response of an individual's state of mind reflects a reaction to biochemical (internal) and/or environmental (external) influences referred to today as exposome and eco-exposome (totality (non-genetic) exposures encountered over a lifetime).
- the exposome brings together various positive or negative factors that are linked to chemical components present in food, drug treatments (antibiotics, etc.), stress and anxiety.
- the eco-exposome includes factors related to environmental components such as climate change (heat), water and air pollution, or food availability (plants, water, meat, etc.).
- emotional balance can be defined by a complete state of physical, mental and social well-being (according to the WHO).
- the Welfare Quality® project initiated and funded by the European Union currently constitutes a repository from which protocols have been constructed and developed to include a large number of production species (pigs, laying hens, chickens for fattening, cattle except calves, sheep, goats, horses and turkeys). Twelve criteria based on four guiding principles have been defined (Appropriate food, appropriate accommodation, good health, appropriate behavior) which give rise to multiple measures carried out in practice. These criteria of well-being were developed from the "Five Fundamental Freedoms" (absence of hunger, thirst and malnutrition; absence of fear and distress; absence of physical and thermal stress; absence of pain, lesions and disease; possibility for the animal to express the normal behaviors of its species) which include individual measurements carried out on the animal and an evaluation of the resources.
- the object of this invention is to develop a non-invasive, objective, simple, rapid and precise approach to the situation of well-being, the level of stress, or more generally the emotional balance of the animal, also referred to herein as "emotional homeostasis".
- the measurement approach used here uses reflectance or light scattering, in particular near and mid-infrared spectroscopy.
- the near infrared is characterized by a wavelength of approximately 700 to 2000 nm, and the mid-infrared by a wavelength of approximately 2000 nm up to 20 ⁇ m.
- Mid- and near-infrared spectroscopy has been widely used in industry for years. It covers a wide range of techniques, the most common being absorption spectroscopy. This technique allows non-invasive analysis from various biological samples (skin, urine, faeces, etc.), without the use of solvents or preparation, to determine the composition of a sample, its humidity level, or even its protein level.
- Infrared spectroscopy exploits the fact that molecules possess specific frequencies at which they rotate or vibrate in correspondence to discrete energy levels (vibrational modes).
- the infrared spectrum of a sample is established by passing a beam of infrared light through that sample. Examination of the transmitted light indicates the amount of energy absorbed at each wavelength.
- a direct global molecular signature (equivalent to a fingerprint), synthesizing in a single piece of information the presence of a set of chemical molecules characteristic of stress, a state of anxiety, a malaise (cortisol, corticosterone, vasopressin%) but also characteristics of well-being (y-aminobutyric acid (GABA), oxytocin%) can be obtained by analyzing the infrared spectrum of a liquid sample (such as a sample of blood or tears, for example) or a solid sample (skin, mucous membrane).
- a liquid sample such as a sample of blood or tears, for example
- a solid sample skin, mucous membrane
- This “global signature” is here defined as being the physiological and/or physiopathological reflection encompassing all of the biological and hormonal mediators released in an individual in response to a situation.
- the present invention relates to a method for determining the state of emotional homeostasis of an animal using a device according to the invention, in which said device measures a difference in reflectance or absorbance of light d a bodily area or an extra-corporeal element of said animal, this making it possible to distinguish between two states of emotional homeostasis, a state of equilibrium and a state of imbalance.
- the invention also relates to a method for determining the state of emotional homeostasis within a population of animals potentially comprising at least one animal whose emotional homeostasis is in a state of imbalance and at least one animal whose Emotional homeostasis is a state of equilibrium comprising subjecting said population to a device that separates it into: i. A subpopulation of animals in a state of emotional imbalance; ii. A subpopulation of animals in a state of emotional balance; wherein the device identifies animals in a state of emotional imbalance based on measuring a difference in reflectance or light absorbance of a body area or extra-corporeal element between animals in the population.
- the present invention also relates to a device comprising: a) means for measuring the reflectance or the absorbance of light radiation by a body zone or an extra-corporeal element of an animal within a population of individuals, b) means adapted to receive spectral data of reflectance or absorbance of light radiation measured for each animal of said population of individuals, and c) data processing means adapted to determine, in depending on the received spectral data, a state of emotional homeostasis of each animal, said animals being either in an unbalanced state of emotional homeostasis, or in a balanced state of emotional homeostasis.
- the present invention also relates to the use of this device to determine the state of emotional homeostasis of an animal.
- the present invention also relates to the use of this device to determine an emotional homeostasis index of a population of animals, said use comprising: a. Subjecting said population to a device allowing the measurement of the reflectance or absorbance of light radiation by a body area or an extra-corporeal element of each animal in the population, b. The calculation of an individual emotional homeostasis index for each animal in the population from the measured reflectance or absorbance, c. The calculation of a population emotional homeostasis index corresponding to the average of the individual indexes calculated in step b.
- the present invention relates to a device comprising: a) means for measuring the reflectance or the absorbance of light radiation by a body zone or an extra-corporeal element of an animal within a population of individuals , b) means suitable for receiving spectral data of reflectance or absorbance of light radiation measured for each animal of said population of individuals, and c) data processing means suitable for determining, as a function of the spectral data received, a state of emotional homeostasis of each animal, said animals being either in an unbalanced state of emotional homeostasis or in a balanced state of emotional homeostasis.
- emotional homeostasis is defined as the ability of an animal to maintain or regain its psychic, emotional and somatic functioning balance despite external constraints.
- Emotional homeostasis may be in a state of equilibrium, which indicates a state of well-being, or in a state of imbalance, which mainly indicates or predicts negative emotions such as a state of ill-being, sadness , anger or stress for example, but also positive emotions such as excitement, sudden joy, surprise.
- an imbalance of emotional homeostasis is not only an imbalance due to negative emotions but can encompass positive emotions.
- the methods according to the invention can be used to identify the expression of positive emotions including in the absence of a facial expression; indeed an animal, human or non-human, can feel joy or surprise without expressing it through characteristic facial expressions.
- This notion of emotional homeostasis includes all forms of stress, whether nutritional, environmental or related to farming practices.
- Emotional homeostasis is linked to the exposome, which brings together all the exposures to environmental factors to which an animal is subjected since its conception. It is also linked to the concept of the animal's eco-exposome, which is defined as the total internal exposure to anthropogenic and natural chemicals, their biotransformation products, and endogenous signaling molecules that can be susceptible to anthropogenic chemical exposure, over the lifetime of a living organism.
- the terms “light” and “light radiation” are interchangeable, and are used in the present description indifferently; they both designate the stimulus of a bodily area or an extra-corporeal element of an animal, constituted by the exposure of said area or said element to light radiation defined by a specific wavelength.
- the “difference” observed corresponds to a detectable difference observed between the raw measurement obtained by the measurement device, and a reference measurement; or even to a difference observed between two measurements carried out on two different animals.
- Spectroscopy in the near infrared is a technique for measuring and analyzing reflection spectra in the range of wavelengths ranging from 700 to 2000 nm (near infrared).
- the spectral data obtained correspond to reflectance or absorbance data of light radiation in the near infrared, the wavelength of which is in the range from 700 to 2000 nm , and more specifically from 908 to 1676 nm.
- reflectance also called reflectance, refers to the proportion of light reflected by a surface.
- absorbance also called optical density, designates the capacity of a medium to absorb the light which passes through it.
- spectral data The measurement of the reflectance or absorbance of light radiation by a body area or an extra-corporeal element of an animal makes it possible to obtain "spectral data" which will then be differentiated, i.e. compared to other data, either reference measurements, or spectral data measured on one or more other animals.
- reference measurement also referred to as “reference value” designates values determined in animals of the same species as the animal species tested, prior to or concomitantly with the implementation of the method, said animals being in “basal state to determine the reference values corresponding to a state of emotional balance, or in a state of stress to determine the reference values corresponding to a state of emotional imbalance.
- the method according to the invention may be based on two reference values, each being representative of a state, or on one or more average(s) of several values representative of a state, or on one or more median(s) of several values representative of a state, or on one or more ranges of values representative of a state.
- the reference values may be so-called “threshold” values which make it possible to separate two sub-populations, those whose measurements are greater than the threshold value, and those whose measurements are lower than the threshold value. Such reference values can easily be determined by those skilled in the art using their general knowledge.
- the device will recognize the animal as being in a state of balanced emotional homeostasis or in an unbalanced state of emotional homeostasis (stressed for example) on the basis of the measurements taken from the animal and this by compared to the control standards (reference values) recognized by the device.
- this will be done via a computerized comparison of data received from the animal with pre-programmed standards (reference values) such that the animal can be identified as emotionally unbalanced or emotionally balanced.
- the invention is characterized in that the device comprises data processing means adapted to differentiate the reflectance or absorbance data measured on each animal, in order to evaluate the state of emotional homeostasis of the animal.
- data processing means can in particular be used to compare the data obtained with other spectral data, in particular with reference values previously stored in said processing means.
- the device according to the invention also comprises means for storing spectral data.
- the device will provide a means to separate animals and direct them to an area containing animals that have been subjected to the same analysis and gave the same results.
- the invention also relates to a method for determining the state of emotional homeostasis within a population of animals potentially comprising at least one animal whose emotional homeostasis is in a state of imbalance and at least one animal whose emotional homeostasis is in a state of equilibrium, comprising the subjection of said population to a device which separates it in i. A subpopulation of animals in a state of emotional imbalance; ii. A subpopulation of animals in a state of emotional balance; wherein the device identifies animals in a state of emotional imbalance based on measuring a difference in reflectance or light absorbance of a body area or extra-corporeal element between animals in the population.
- this method is characterized in that the device is coupled to data processing means adapted to differentiate the reflectance or absorbance data measured for an animal in a state of emotional imbalance from those of an animal in a state of emotional balance, which makes it possible to separate the population into two subpopulations of animals, one in a state of emotional imbalance and the other in a state of emotional balance.
- the method and the device according to the invention are characterized in that the measurement of the reflectance or the absorbance of light is carried out on a body zone chosen from among the skin and the superficial mucous membranes of an animal. This measurement can also be performed on at least two body areas of the same animal.
- the reflectance measurement is carried out on the skin, in particular on the skin of the ear, the skin of the armpit, and the skin of the udder of a cow.
- the reflectance measurement is carried out on a mucosa, which may in particular be the vulvar mucosa.
- the body area on which the light radiation is applied is bare and not tattooed.
- the measurement is a reflectance or absorbance measurement which is carried out on an extra-corporeal element which is a bodily fluid, a digestion residue, a secretion, a bodily exudate and can be chosen in the group comprising urine, tears, faeces and sweat.
- an extra-corporeal element which is a bodily fluid, a digestion residue, a secretion, a bodily exudate and can be chosen in the group comprising urine, tears, faeces and sweat.
- the measurement of reflectance or light absorbance of a body zone is carried out by contact with said body zone.
- the measurement of light reflectance or absorbance of a body zone is carried out by a remote measurement of said body zone.
- distance measurement we mean here a measurement carried out at a distance between 1 cm and 100m, in particular between 1 cm and 70m, or even between 1 cm and 60m, between 1 cm and 50m, between 1 cm and 40m, between 1 cm and 30m, between 1 cm and 20m, between 1 cm and 15m, between 1 cm and 10m, between 1 cm and 5m, for example.
- the limit being the spatial resolution making it possible to target and distinguish the body area studied.
- Remote measurement can thus be carried out using a portable or fixed device.
- a portable or fixed device can be a portable spectrometer, a multi- or hyper-spectral camera for example.
- the invention also relates to a method making it possible to determine an index of emotional homeostasis of a population of animals comprising: a) subjecting said population to a device allowing the measurement of the reflectance or d light absorption of a body zone or of an extra-corporeal element of each animal in the population, b) The calculation of an individual emotional homeostasis index for each animal in the population from the reflectance or the light absorption measured, c) Calculation of an index of emotional homeostasis of the population corresponding to the average of the individual indices calculated in step b.
- the calculation of an individual emotional homeostasis index of an animal is carried out via a computerized comparison of the data received from the animal with reference values, thanks to processing means suitable data, so that the animal can be identified as emotionally unbalanced or emotionally balanced.
- the calculation of the emotional homeostasis index of the population is carried out by comparing the index calculated in step c) with a reference value.
- the device comprises means for measuring the reflectance or the absorbance of light from a body zone or from an extra-corporeal element of each animal of the population allowing a measurement by contact with the animal.
- it will be a device comprising means for measuring the reflectance of a body zone allowing measurement by contact with the skin of a body zone of the animal.
- the device allowing measurement by contact with the animal is an individual device worn by each animal in the population.
- the individual device worn by each animal records and/or transmits the measurement of the reflectance or the absorbance of light by a body zone or an extra-corporeal element of each animal.
- the individual device worn by each animal records and/or transmits the state of individual emotional homeostasis of each animal.
- This transmission is preferably carried out to a server allowing the storage of data, and in particular to a set of networked servers (“Cloud” type infrastructure).
- Cloud networked servers
- data collected on multiple animals, of different species and under different conditions will be stored and ordered in such a way as to constitute a "database”, which can be used to provide reference values for the implementation of the methods of the invention.
- the device comprising means for measuring the reflectance of light from a body zone of each animal of the population is a device allowing remote measurement which records and/or transmits: the measurement of the reflectance or the light absorbance and/or the individual emotional homeostasis state and/or index of each animal.
- the animal is chosen from the group consisting of mammals, cold-blooded animals, and birds.
- cold-blooded animals include reptiles, fish, insects or even amphibians.
- the mammal is chosen from the group consisting of primates, canids, felids, sheep, goats, pigs, hoofed horses, suids, elephantids, cetaceans, lagomorphs and rodents.
- the mammal is a non-human mammal.
- the expression "population of animals” or “population of individuals” designates a set of animals of the same species (that is to say capable of reproducing among themselves), comprising at least 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000 or more individuals. This population of animals will in particular be raised on the same farm.
- the invention also relates to the use of a device comprising means for measuring the reflectance or the absorbance of light from a body zone or from an extracorporeal element of an animal, as well as means for receiving and processing data, to determine the level of emotional homeostasis of said animal.
- Sorting the population of animals according to a method according to the invention will involve determining the reflectance and / or absorbance characteristics of each individual using light, in particular near infrared light radiation .
- the animal can be illuminated with light of a predefined spectrum and the spectral characteristics of the reflected light are measured.
- the device For detection by absorbance, the device is such that it measures the light which is absorbed by a sample of the extracorporeal element, and thus measures the spectral characteristics of the light which is absorbed by this sample.
- said device uses data processing means adapted to differentiate the spectral data, in particular in the near infrared, obtained from animals in a state of unbalanced emotional homeostasis and from animals in a state of balanced emotional homeostasis; which then makes it possible to separate and distinguish the animals on the basis of said spectral data.
- the present invention also relates to a device for measuring the reflectance or the absorbance of light for the implementation of a method according to the invention, comprising processing means suitable for receiving reflectance or absorbance measured for each animal (either on a body zone, or on an extracorporeal element of said animal), and making it possible to determine, according to these data, the state of emotional homeostasis of the animal.
- control animals may be tested to verify spectral data, reflectance and/or absorbance of a selection of animals in a state of imbalanced emotional homeostasis and animals in a state of balanced emotional homeostasis, in order to determine reference values. Indeed, we know very well how to unbalance the emotional state of an animal by applying external factors creating and inducing stress, and this in a directed and controlled manner.
- these reference values can be used to generate an algorithm that will be useful in discriminating the state of emotional homeostasis of the tested animals.
- Such an algorithm can then be used in the device which, as described above, contains the means to test each of the animals in a general population, then on the basis of the results compared with the reference values, to select the animals in a state of unbalanced emotional homeostasis or state of balanced emotional homeostasis, and separate them accordingly.
- a person skilled in the art is able to generate an appropriate algorithm for use of said device on the basis of an identification of the spectral data of the animals to be distinguished.
- PCA Principal Component Analysis
- said data processing means are suitable for further performing the following action: d) Optimization and validation of the model.
- FIG 1 schematically presents the different stages of data processing.
- the first matrix obtained therefore contains N rows and P columns.
- N, N', P and P' are whole numbers.
- a data reduction operation by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is carried out.
- the matrix then has fewer columns (for as many rows), which allows faster processing for the same computing power.
- the second matrix has P' ⁇ P columns.
- a cleaning operation of the aberrant near-infrared spectra is then carried out on the basis of the results of the PCA (T2 Hotelling and/or F-residuals).
- the matrix thus cleaned includes a little less rows, that is N′ ⁇ N rows.
- a mathematical denoising and normalization pre-processing is then performed on all the remaining spectra (1st derivative of Figure 1), in order to obtain a third matrix comprising N' ⁇ N rows, comprising the spectra ready to be used in modeling .
- the modeling algorithm consists of a Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), and makes it possible to say whether the spectrum that has been collected comes from an individual with a balanced or unbalanced state of emotional homeostasis.
- LDA Linear Discriminant Analysis
- a last step (d) is carried out to optimize and validate the model.
- the model obtained from the training database makes it possible to classify new near-infrared spectra.
- the present invention also relates to the use of the device according to the invention for determining an index of emotional homeostasis of a population of animals comprising: a) Subjecting said population of animals to said device allowing the measurement of the reflectance or absorbance of light radiation by a body zone or an extra-corporeal element of each animal in the population, b) Calculation of an individual emotional homeostasis index for each animal in the population from the reflectance or the measured absorbance, c) the calculation of an index of emotional homeostasis of the population corresponding to the average of the individual indices calculated in step b.
- the determination of the emotional homeostasis index of the population is carried out by comparing the index calculated in step c) with a reference value.
- FIG. 1 Schematic presentation of the processing of measured data.
- BDD Binary Decision Diagram
- PCA principal component analysis
- NxP matrix has N rows and P columns.
- FIG. 1 Plasma FITc-Dextran level (in pM) of control animals (control) and animals after stress.
- FIG. 1 Emotional homeostasis index of chicks, calves and rats, before and after stress.
- MicroNIR Onsite hardware spectrometer and measurement protocol
- a MicroNIR Onsite near-infrared spectrometer (Viavi, Santa Rosa, C ⁇ , USA) with a remote probe (908-1676 nm, with a pitch of 6 nm and a bandwidth FWHM ⁇ 1.25% of the central wavelength) has been used.
- the light source is made up of 2 vacuum-integrated tungsten lamps. After warming up, at regular time intervals, a measurement of the instrumental noise and of the white reference is carried out. The white reference is made on an external Spectralon. Reference measurements are taken every 10 minutes, time adjusted according to environmental conditions. These reference measurements make it possible to work in reflectance using the MicroNIRTM Pro v2.5 software (Viavi, Santa Rosa, C ⁇ , USA).
- the measurement is carried out on contact by positioning the spectrometer perpendicular to the measurement zone.
- Each measurement corresponds to the average of 100 spectra which each integrates the collection over 1 ms.
- An observation corresponds to several averaged measurements. The number of measurements per observation varies according to the experimental conditions. For each experiment, measurements are carried out in basal condition i.e of balanced emotional homeostasis and after stress i.e of unbalanced emotional homeostasis.
- Example 1 Stressed and unstressed chicks.
- Chicks of the ROSS PM3 strain (“Socavic” hatchery in Monferran-Savès (32, Gers)) were obtained on the day of hatching (d0). Upon arrival, the chicks were weighed and then assigned to “enriched” cages to meet animal welfare standards. The temperature, humidity and lighting parameters of the livestock building were determined according to the Aviagen® guide (Aviagen, 2018). The animals received food and water ad libitum. The feed corresponded to a classic formulation reflecting the usual breeding conditions and meeting the nutritional needs of the animals.
- the food consisted of a base of grain maize (between 38 and 40% depending on age) supplemented with wheat (qsp 20%) for a total intake of 60% cereals and supplemented by a protein source (soybean cake, 48% of total nitrogenous matter) representing 30% of the formula and soybean oil up to 4 % of food.
- corticosterone (20mg/l) was added to drinking water to mimic a natural stress response in animals.
- the animals received this preparation for 3 consecutive days from d11 to d13. Following this period, the chickens again received ad libitum water without corticosterone.
- a stress session provoked in the neonatal period (d11 to d13) leaves an imprint in adulthood resulting in micro-inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and an increase in intestinal paracellular permeability.
- This post-stress state results in increased levels of FITC-Dextran in the bloodstream in stressed animals vs control animals (Baxter et al., 2017).
- paracellular intestinal permeability was assessed using a biomarker: FITC-Dextran (fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran) of 4kDa coupled to fluorescein.
- the animals received by gavage (1 mL/animal) a solution of FITC-Dextran at 8.32 mg/kg (diluted in NaCl) (Baxter et al., 2017; Maguey-Gonzalez et al., 2018 Vicuna et al., 2015).
- a blood sample was taken from the animal's wing and then the levels of FITC-Dextran were measured on the plasmas.
- FIG. 1 illustrates the experimental protocol followed.
- corticosterone is taken by adding it to the drinking water.
- a new series of measurements is carried out on the 14th day in order to define the state of stress and therefore to define a state of emotional imbalance.
- FITC-Dextran is administered by gavage. 1 hour after force-feeding, a blood sample is taken from the animal's wing vein in order to measure the plasma FITC-Dextran levels, markers of the long-term imprint (adulthood) of the emotional imbalance caused by the adding corticosterone to drinking water in chicks.
- Results Table 1: Principal Component Analysis. The results are presented in the following table (measurement under the wing).
- Figure 3 illustrates the distinct distribution of the emotional state in chicks: "before stress” and “after stress” on the basis of a score designated “maximum membership score” defined from skin measurements carried out in close spectrum infrared.
- Figure 4 clearly shows the impact of an emotional imbalance occurring during the neonatal period on intestinal paracellular permeability in adulthood.
- Example 2 Stressed and unstressed calves.
- scores above a threshold value are obtained before stress, and are considered to be associated with emotional balance.
- Figure 5 also illustrates the distinct distribution of the emotional state in calves: "before dehorning” and “after dehorning” on the basis of a score defining the maximum membership score from skin measurements taken in the near infrared spectrum .
- Example 3 Stressed and unstressed rats.
- Wistar (200-250g) rats (Janvier SA, Le Genest St Isle, France), weighing 220-250 g, housed in polypropylene cages in a temperature-controlled room (21°C) and fed a standard diet (UAR , Villemoisson, Epinay sur Orge) and unlimited water were used.
- All WAS sessions were performed at the same time (8:00 am and 10:00 am) to limit the influence of circadian rhythms.
- the rats are placed on a narrow platform of (14 height x 6 x 6 cm), itself placed in the center of a basin of (55 cm length x 37 cm width x 26 cm height) filled with water up to 1 cm below platform level.
- the stress session consists of placing the animal for 9 consecutive days (5 + 4 days interruption during the weekend), on the platform for 1 hour per day.
- a blood sample is taken in order to define the plasma ACTH levels in basal condition (emotional balance).
- the rats are subjected daily to chronic water avoidance stress (WAS) for 9 days (D6 to D15).
- WAS chronic water avoidance stress
- a blood sample is taken to measure plasma ACTH levels in a condition of emotional imbalance (see figure 6)
- Figure 7 shows the distinct distribution of the emotional state in rats: before and after W ⁇ S on the basis of a score defining the maximum membership score from cutaneous measurements carried out by near infrared spectroscopy.
- Figures 9 and 10 show the significant robustness of the score defined for all species combined.
- FIG. 9 corresponds to the representation of all the scores measured during examples 1 (chicks); 2 (calves); 3 (rats).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2111719A FR3128626A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2021-11-04 | Methode non invasive de determination de l’etat d’homeostasie emotionnelle d’un animal |
| PCT/FR2022/052065 WO2023079241A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-02 | Dispositif pour la mise en œuvre d'une methode non invasive de determination de l'etat d'homeostasie emotionnelle d'un animal |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4426196A1 true EP4426196A1 (fr) | 2024-09-11 |
Family
ID=81326511
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22813330.2A Withdrawn EP4426196A1 (fr) | 2021-11-04 | 2022-11-02 | Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre d'une methode non invasive de determination de l'etat d'homeostasie emotionnelle d'un animal |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250160707A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4426196A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3128626A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023079241A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2015264090A1 (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2016-12-15 | Invention Development Management Company, Llc | Tattoo and tattoo applicator for animal lifecycle monitoring |
| KR102290279B1 (ko) * | 2014-08-25 | 2021-08-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 스트레스 측정 장치 및 스트레스 측정 방법 |
| US10667495B2 (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2020-06-02 | Langualess Inc. | Sound collector, animal emotion estimation device, and animal emotion estimation method |
-
2021
- 2021-11-04 FR FR2111719A patent/FR3128626A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-11-02 EP EP22813330.2A patent/EP4426196A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-11-02 WO PCT/FR2022/052065 patent/WO2023079241A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-11-02 US US18/707,146 patent/US20250160707A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3128626A1 (fr) | 2023-05-05 |
| WO2023079241A1 (fr) | 2023-05-11 |
| US20250160707A1 (en) | 2025-05-22 |
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