EP4415853A1 - Dispositif passif de capture des microparticules en suspension dans l'air - Google Patents
Dispositif passif de capture des microparticules en suspension dans l'airInfo
- Publication number
- EP4415853A1 EP4415853A1 EP22793242.3A EP22793242A EP4415853A1 EP 4415853 A1 EP4415853 A1 EP 4415853A1 EP 22793242 A EP22793242 A EP 22793242A EP 4415853 A1 EP4415853 A1 EP 4415853A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- structured support
- capture medium
- structured
- air
- microparticles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0035—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by wetting, e.g. using surfaces covered with oil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
- B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
- B01D39/1669—Cellular material
- B01D39/1676—Cellular material of synthetic origin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2027—Metallic material
- B01D39/2051—Metallic foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
- B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
- B01D39/2068—Other inorganic materials, e.g. ceramics
- B01D39/2093—Ceramic foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0001—Making filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/0027—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions
- B01D46/0036—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours with additional separating or treating functions by adsorption or absorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/10—Particle separators, e.g. dust precipitators, using filter plates, sheets or pads having plane surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D46/00—Filters or filtering processes specially modified for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D46/66—Regeneration of the filtering material or filter elements inside the filter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
- B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
- B01D2239/069—Special geometry of layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2273/00—Operation of filters specially adapted for separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours
- B01D2273/30—Means for generating a circulation of a fluid in a filtration system, e.g. using a pump or a fan
Definitions
- TITLE PASSIVE DEVICE FOR CAPTURING MICROPARTICLES IN
- the present invention relates to the field of air purification devices and methods. More particularly, it relates to devices and methods making it possible to capture a significant part of the microparticles contained in the ambient air.
- the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the purification of the ambient air of underground circulation and transport networks.
- the present invention relates to a device provided with a structured support for the capture of microparticles in suspension in the air without active means of mechanical ventilation and means of supplying electrical energy.
- the present invention also relates to a method for capturing microparticles by a device which is the subject of the invention.
- an effective ventilation system can be implemented.
- This solution mainly implemented in underground networks, consists in renewing the air of the underground network with air less loaded with particles coming from outside, the underground air being rejected outside without any treatment.
- This solution has the disadvantage of not eliminating the pollutants, but only moving them from the inside to the outside, which increases the pollution of the outdoor air.
- this solution is not suitable for implementation outside an enclosed space, for example in the open air.
- a microparticle is a particle whose size is between 0.1 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
- the terms “particles in suspension” designate the microparticles in suspension in the air and more particularly the microparticles of size less than or equal to 10 ⁇ m in diameter, also called PM10, as well as the microparticles of sizes less than 2.5 pm, also called PM2.5 and less than 1 pm, also called PMI.
- the present invention relates to a device for capturing microparticles in suspension in the air which has the following characteristics:
- the device has no active means of ventilation and no means of supplying electrical energy
- the device comprises a structured support traversed by a large number of openings with a minimum dimension of between 1 millimeter and 15 millimeters, said structured support having a void ratio greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 90% , very preferably around 95%,
- the structured support being coated with a medium for capturing microparticles in suspension in an air flow chosen from: vegetable oils, mineral oils, synthetic and semi-synthetic oils, water-soluble lubricants, silicone oils, animal fats, used alone or in a mixture.
- a medium for capturing microparticles in suspension in an air flow chosen from: vegetable oils, mineral oils, synthetic and semi-synthetic oils, water-soluble lubricants, silicone oils, animal fats, used alone or in a mixture.
- the structured support coated with said capture medium being configured to be traversed by a flow of air with a linear speed of between 0.1 and 5 m/s without causing a pressure drop greater than 300 Pa, preferably without causing a loss of load greater than 250 Pa.
- the minimum dimension of an opening passing through the structured support corresponds to the diameter of the opening measured at its narrowest point.
- a minimum dimension of an opening of 1 millimeter means that a spherical particle of 1 millimeter in diameter can pass through said opening without being blocked.
- the average dimension of the openings is of the order of 5 millimeters.
- the average size of the openings is between 3 and 10 millimeters.
- openings are present in the structured support of a device according to the invention "in large numbers", and a minimum number can be set, more or less arbitrarily, at approximately one thousand.
- the structured support comprises on average at least one opening per square centimeter, or at least 4 openings per square centimeter, or at least 16 openings per square centimeter.
- the void ratio corresponds to the ratio between the volume of the structured support which is empty and the volume of the space delimited by the structured support which is occupied by solid material.
- the structured support can for example be a metal support in braces having large openings or even a polyester mesh forming large hexagonal openings.
- Any support structured according to the invention comprises large and numerous openings of substantially identical sizes, that is to say in the same order of magnitude of size.
- the structured support does not have a filtration role but rather a support role for the capture medium. Indeed, the diameter of the openings of the structured support according to the invention, of the order of a millimeter, is much greater than the diameter of the microparticles captured by means of the device, of the order of micrometer or a few tens of micrometers.
- the capture medium coated on the structured support ensures the capture of the microparticles either by a mechanism of sticking of the microparticles on the medium, or by a mechanism of partial penetration of the microparticles into the medium, or else by a combination of these mechanisms. Thanks to these arrangements, some of the microparticles present in an air flow passing through the device are captured by the capture medium. It is understood that the device does not require for its proper functioning that the flow of air circulates across the device in a predetermined direction, since a contact between the flow of air and the capture medium takes place. In this, the device is not oriented, which is particularly advantageous for positioning the device on a place where the direction of the air flows is likely to vary. The direction of an air flow is in particular liable to vary when the device is positioned outdoors, depending on the direction of the wind or when it is positioned close to a road or rail transport route, depending on the direction of vehicle traffic.
- the device is unlikely to release microparticles into the air previously captured in the event of a change in direction of the air flow passing through the device.
- the device which is the subject of the invention does not require, for its correct operation, active means of ventilation, of the fan blade type, nor of an electrical power supply, no component of the device requiring such a power supply. .
- the accumulation of microparticles in the medium will be likely to lower the capture efficiency of the device that is the subject of the invention.
- it will be useful to replace the saturated capture medium with fresh capture medium (new or recycled).
- the capture medium is stripped of the structured support so that the structured support can be coated again and used again.
- the structured support is formed from a non-porous material.
- pores are cavities of small dimension, typically less than 10 microns, and which are not necessarily through.
- the openings are through and their size is between 1 mm and 15 mm.
- the porosity of a non-porous material according to the invention expressed as a percentage of voids left by the pores as defined above, relative to the rest of the volume occupied by the structured support is preferably less than 1%, very preferably less than 0.1%.
- the capture medium is not absorbed by the material constituting the structured support.
- These provisions make it possible to prevent a reduction in the efficiency of capture of the particles by the structured support coated with capture medium, which would be less if a significant part of the capture medium penetrated into the pores of the material constituting the structured support.
- the structured support is arranged substantially vertically and the capture medium is a liquid material at ambient temperatures of use, maintained by surface tension on the structured support.
- the structured support is inclined at an angle less than or equal to 25°, preferably less than 15° with respect to the vertical; such a slight inclination is understood here as a "substantially vertical" arrangement.
- the capture medium is a vegetable oil.
- the vegetable oil is chosen from compositions containing few unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids or containing a high antioxidant content (for example vitamin E or polyphenols) which gives them good stability over time.
- a high antioxidant content for example vitamin E or polyphenols
- olive, apricot kernel, jojoba, sweet almond, castor, coconut, shea, hazelnut, plum, sea buckthorn, argan oils are preferred.
- Other vegetable oils can also be used in low light environments or when the ambient temperature is low enough (for example in winter).
- the capture medium is a vegetable oil having an added antioxidant compound.
- the stability of the vegetable oil is thus extended by the addition of antioxidants.
- the capture medium comprises a mineral oil, such as a paraffin oil, or else a silicone oil.
- the capture medium comprises a silicone oil, for example chosen from polydimethylsiloxanes, pure or modified with polyethers. Silicone-polyether copolymers have the advantage of being water-soluble.
- the capture medium comprises a synthetic or semi-synthetic oil, for example based on polymers.
- the capture medium comprises a water-soluble lubricant, for example in the form of an emulsion or microemulsion formulated based on polyesters.
- the structured support comprises a woven fabric.
- the textile is woven from polyester fibers.
- the structured support is a cellular foam whose cells are open and whose size is between 2 mm and 10 mm.
- These alveolar structures can be flexible, typically polyurethane or rigid, for example metal or ceramic based on alumina or a mixture of metal oxides.
- the structured support comprises a plurality of plates assembled together.
- Said plates are substantially flat parts, traversed by holes with a minimum diameter of between about 1 mm and 15 mm and coated with capture medium.
- Said plates can for example be superimposed or even joined by one of their ends and inclined to each other in a “V” or “W” arrangement.
- the structured support coated with capture medium must as a whole, even when it is an assembly, present a low pressure drop according to the limits fixed by the invention.
- the structured support as a whole is configured to be traversed by an air flow with a linear speed of 5 m/s without causing a pressure drop greater than 300 Pa, preferably without causing a pressure drop greater than 250 Pa .
- the structured support includes a metallic structure. More particularly, the structured support can be a metal structure in expanded metal, a metal plate obtained by stamping or an expanded and stamped metal plate.
- the structured support is an assembly of several metal plates.
- the structured support comprises a metal plate made of expanded metal and corrugated by stamping interposed between two metal plates made of expanded metal.
- an expanded metal metal plate is a metal plate cut and then stretched.
- expanded metal is made by shearing a plate or coil of metal in a press, fitted with cutters creating a generally diamond-shaped metal mesh leaving voids surrounded by interconnected metal bars .
- the metal constituting the metal plate is steel or aluminum. Aluminum is preferred because it is less heavy. Furthermore, it is not a known catalyst for the oxidation of vegetable oils, unlike iron.
- the structured support comprises an anodized metallic structure.
- the metal has an increased roughness and more easily retains the coated medium on the structured support.
- the structured support comprises a metallic honeycomb structure forming a pattern of polygonal cells, in particular hexagonal or rectangular.
- the metal constituting the walls of the cells is preferably aluminium.
- the device that is the subject of the invention comprises a box housing the structured support coated with capture medium.
- the box has a thickness of less than 40 cm, preferably less than 30 cm and very preferably less than 25 cm. This low thickness allows installation in constrained spaces, in particular under the nose of a platform in a railway station.
- the structured support comprises a multitude of layers superposed and spaced apart from one another by a distance of at least 0.5 mm, preferably at least spaced apart by 1 mm, very preferably at least spaced apart by 5 mm.
- the invention relates to the use of a device for capturing microparticles in suspension in the air according to the invention, implemented underground, in particular in a complex dedicated to collective rail transport, particularly in pedestrian traffic areas for passengers, at the nose of a platform, at the mouth of a railway tunnel, in a railway tunnel in the braking zone, or even in a railway tunnel in the acceleration zone.
- the device for capturing microparticles that is the subject of the invention, placed in a railway tunnel comprises a substantially planar structured support and said structured support is substantially parallel to the main axis of a rail sheltered by the tunnel. railway.
- the device according to the invention is positioned in a railway tunnel on a braking zone or on an acceleration zone, preferably on a braking zone.
- a braking zone or an acceleration zone is defined as the zone located less than 5 meters from a section of rail along which the train brakes before arriving at the station or accelerates when leaving the station.
- the preferred areas are those less than 100 meters from the mouth of the station, and even more preferably less than 50 meters from the mouth of the station.
- the device that is the subject of the invention is placed at the level of the braking zones which are the main zones of emissions of microparticles in an underground rail transport network.
- the device according to the invention is placed close to the mouth of the station, on the side where the train enters the station, either on the wall of the tunnel, or on the vertical wall of the platform at the height of the bogies of the train.
- the device according to the invention is positioned in the last meters of the tunnel before arriving at the station, as close as possible to the outer rail and ideally facing the braking system of a train when the train enters at the station, and positioned at a height corresponding to the height of the braking system of the train or just above.
- the present invention relates to a method for capturing airborne microparticles, which comprises:
- a structured support traversed by a large number of openings with a minimum dimension of between 1 millimeter and 15 millimeters said structured support having a void ratio greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 90 %, very preferably around 95%,
- a capture medium configured to capture by contact microparticles suspended in an air flow and chosen from: a vegetable oil, a mineral oil, a synthetic or semi-synthetic oil, a water-soluble lubricant , a silicone oil and an animal fat, alone or as a mixture,
- the structured support coated with capture medium being configured to be traversed by a flow of air with a linear speed of between 0.1 m/s and 5 m/s without causing a pressure drop greater than 300 Pa, preferably without causing a pressure drop greater than 250 Pa and
- the method includes:
- the stripping step comprises washing the structured support coated with capture medium with soapy water.
- the stripping step comprises stripping the structured support coated with capture medium by a pressurized air flow.
- the stripping step comprises stripping the structured support coated with capture medium by a stream of pressurized steam.
- the stripping step includes dry ice cleaning.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents a first particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG 2 represents a photograph of a structured support implemented in the first particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG 3 represents a photograph of a structured support implemented in the first particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG 4 represents a structured support implemented in a second particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention
- FIG 5 represents a photograph of a structured support implemented in a third particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention.
- FIG 6 shows, schematically and in perspective, a particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention which comprises a protective box,
- FIG 7 represents a photograph of a particular embodiment of the device that is the subject of the present invention, installed under a platform in a railway station,
- FIG 8 represents, schematically and in the form of a flowchart, a succession of particular steps of the process which is the subject of the present invention.
- FIG 9 represents, in the form of a graph, pressure drops measured on devices which are the subject of the invention, as a function of the square of the air speed.
- the device 100 for capturing microparticles comprises a structured support 105 formed of a network composed of hexagonal meshes connected together.
- a network of meshes can be produced by weaving fibers.
- These fibers can be polyester fibers.
- the structured support 105 is traversed by a large number of openings 115 with a minimum dimension greater than 1 millimeter and an average dimension of the order of 5 millimeters. It is preferred not to exceed a maximum dimension of 15 mm, and preferably not to exceed a maximum dimension of 10 millimeters.
- the structured support 105 has a void ratio greater than 80%, preferably greater than 85%, preferably greater than 90%, very preferably of the order of 95%.
- the structured support 105 is configured to present a very low pressure drop. In addition to the large size of the openings which allows a slight obstacle to the circulation of an air flow through the structured support 105, care will be taken not to add other elements to the device 100, for example which would be likely to increase the overall pressure drop of the device beyond 300 Pa, or preferentially beyond 250 Pa or preferentially beyond 160 Pa.
- the structured support 105 coated with said capture medium is configured to be crossed by a flow of air with a linear speed of between 0.1 and 5 m/s without causing a pressure drop greater than 250 Pa.
- the structured support 105 coated with said capture medium is configured to be traversed by an air flow of linear speed equal to 3 m/s, very preferably equal to 5 m/s without causing a pressure drop greater than 250 Pa.
- the structured support 105 coated with said capture medium is configured to be crossed by a air flow with a linear speed equal to 3 m/s, very preferably equal to 5 m/s without causing a pressure drop greater than 160 Pa.
- the structured support 105 coated with said capture medium is configured to be traversed by a flow of air with a linear speed equal to 3 m/s, very preferably equal to 5 m/s without causing a pressure drop greater than 300 Pa.
- the structured support 105 coated with said capture medium is configured to be traversed by a flow of air with a linear speed equal to 2 m/s without causing a pressure drop greater than 25 Pa, or configured to be traversed by a flow of air with a linear speed of 5m/s without causing a pressure drop greater than 156Pa, or configured to be crossed by a flow of air with a linear speed of 0.1 m/s without causing a loss load greater than 0.06Pa.
- the structured support may be composed of several layers of materials superimposed on each other.
- the structured support illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 is a woven support with a surface area of 0.045 m 2 and a thickness of 6 mm formed by three-dimensional weaving of polyester fibers. The weaving makes it possible to obtain two parallel layers comprising meshes with an opening of 5 mm on average representing approximately 63% of the surface.
- the density of the woven support is 380 g/m 2 .
- H has a void content of the order of 95%.
- the Aerosleep® product marketed by the company QLEVR could for example be used as a structured support.
- the structured support 105 is coated with a capture medium 110.
- This capture medium is advantageously chosen from: vegetable oils, silicone oils, mineral oils, synthetic oils or semi - synthetic, water-soluble lubricants and fats of animal origin, alone or in blend.
- the capture medium 110 is a liquid held in place on the structured support by surface tension.
- the vegetable oil is chosen from olive oil, apricot oil, jojoba oil, sweet almond oil, castor oil, coconut oil, shea oil, hazelnut oil, plum oil, sea buckthorn oil, argan oil, avocado oil, macadamia hemp oil, oleic sunflower oil or palm oil.
- the mineral oil is paraffin oil.
- the animal fat is pork fat.
- the water-soluble lubricant is an emulsion or microemulsion formulated based on polyesters.
- the structured support 105 illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3 is immersed in a bath of capture medium so that its entire surface is covered with this capture medium.
- the coated support is taken out of the bath and then hung vertically for 5 hours so that the excess capture medium drips off naturally.
- the support coated with capture medium thus obtained has a density of 590 g/m 2 . Its vacuum rate is close to 91%.
- the coated structured support thus obtained is ready for use, optionally after having been mounted in an appropriate protective box, and in particular of the type illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- Such structured supports coated with capture medium have been tested by the applicant under different operating conditions. These tests and their results in terms of microparticle capture efficiency are presented at the end of this description.
- FIG. 2 A schematic view of another embodiment of a structured support 205 that can be implemented in a device for capturing microparticles according to the invention is observed in FIG.
- the structured support 205 is made of metallic material, for example steel or aluminum.
- the metallic material is anodized.
- the metallic structured support may comprise a single layer of expanded metal or several layers superimposed between them.
- the structured support comprises a metal plate in expanded metal corrugated by stamping interposed between two metal plates in expanded metal.
- a first expanded sheet of aluminum 4 mm thick is supplied, having open meshes 16 mm wide and 8 mm narrow. These openings represent a volume void ratio of 88%.
- a second expanded sheet is then obtained by stamping a sheet similar to the first expanded sheet, so as to create a corrugated plate whose final apparent thickness is 8 millimeters. The second sheet has a volume void content of 95%.
- the structured support is prepared by inserting the second sheet between two deployed sheets similar to the first sheet. This structured support, made up of the assembly of three sheets, has a total thickness of 16 mm and a void ratio of 92%.
- the openings formed in the deployed sheets are not perfectly symmetrical, care will be taken to turn the interposed sheet through an angle of 90° with respect to the orientation of the other two sheets.
- the orientation of the meshes of the sheet arranged in the center is rotated by 90° with respect to the orientation of the meshes of the sheets arranged on the outside.
- the interposed sheet is oriented so that its meshes are positioned with their wide width in the vertical direction.
- the 305 structured support is a cellular foam whose cells are open and whose size is between 2 and 10mm. These honeycomb structures are flexible and formed in polyurethane.
- the structured support may comprise a rigid alveolar foam, for example made of metal or ceramic based on alumina or a mixture of metal oxides.
- the structured support comprises a honeycomb structure formed by polygonal cells, in particular rectangular or hexagonal.
- the diameter of the hexagonal cells may for example be between 1 and 25 millimeters.
- the cells are made of metallic material and in particular aluminum, aluminum is advantageous because it is inert, light and has good fire resistance.
- the thickness of the walls of the cells is for example less than 3 millimeters, preferably less than 1 millimeter.
- the structured support comprises a honeycomb structure of the type described above but pierced with numerous holes passing through the side walls forming the cells.
- a honeycomb-structured support can be obtained by welding together previously drilled and then corrugated sheets.
- FIG. 6 shows a particular embodiment of a device 300 for capturing microparticles according to the invention.
- the device 300 comprises a box 351, for example formed from steel or thermoformed plastic, housing a structured support according to the invention (not visible in FIG. 6).
- the box 351 is rectangular and flattened.
- the box 351 is intended to be fixed to a surface, for example on a wall.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an installation of the device 300 on the vertical surface of a train platform, facing the rails, in an underground station.
- the box 351 comprises a removable front panel 352, for example fixed by means of screws at each corner of the panel, or by means of a hinge connection between the front panel 352 and the body of the box 351, or by interlocking an edge of the front panel 352 on the box 351 and mechanical locking at the opposite edge of the panel.
- the supports are introduced into the box through the side openings.
- device 300 comprises preferably a means of access to the structured support housed in the box, so as to be able to carry out maintenance operations on the structured support; these maintenance operations will be described in greater detail below.
- the structured support is formed of one or more flat plates, that is to say they have a thickness that is markedly smaller than their width and height dimensions.
- Each plate is arranged in the box so that their plane forms an angle of 5 to 90° with the plane of the box, preferably between 10 and 45°.
- a box can house a structured support made up of several flat plates, arranged for example in V or W depending on the thickness available inside the box.
- the device 300 for capturing microparticles comprises ventilation openings allowing the outside air to circulate inside the box 351. For example, holes are drilled on the surface of the front plate 352, or even side ventilations 353 are planned. Any other configuration allowing easier circulation of the ambient air flows towards the interior of the box can be implemented without deviating from the invention.
- the box 351 has a thickness of less than 40 cm, preferably less than 30 cm and very preferably less than 25 cm. This low thickness allows installation in restricted spaces, in particular under the nose of a platform.
- the microparticle capture devices will be positioned in the braking zone of a train, that is to say along the platform in the station or less than 100 meters away, preferably less than 50 meters from the mouth of the station, on the side from which a train comes during normal operation.
- a device according to the invention is installed in a road tunnel, for example on the wall at a height of between approximately 20 cm and approximately 200 cm from the ground, knowing that this height corresponds to the heights of greatest concentration of particles due to the combination between their point of generation by the emission of exhaust gases, by the abrasion of wheels and brakes, and by the circulation of dust deposited on the road, and their dilution by air currents in the environment.
- a device according to the invention is installed outdoors, for example in a public space with frequent pedestrian passage and positioned not far from a road.
- FIG. 8 shows a succession of steps of a particular embodiment of a method 1000 for using a device for capturing particles. airborne microparticles.
- the method 1000 includes a step 1005 of supplying a structured support according to the invention.
- a structured support can be of the type described above, with reference to Figures 1 to 5.
- the structured support is coated with a capture medium configured to capture microparticles suspended in an air flow by contact.
- the coating methods may vary depending on the properties of the capture medium used. It is recalled that this capture medium is chosen from: a vegetable oil, a mineral oil, a synthetic or semi-synthetic oil, a water-soluble lubricant, a silicone oil, an animal fat, alone or as a mixture.
- the coating step 1010 could be carried out by immersing a structured support in a bath of capture medium.
- the capture medium may be heated to lower its viscosity prior to the immersion operation.
- the coating step 1010 can be carried out by sprinkling the capture medium on the structured support. Any other means making it possible to apply a layer of capture medium to the structured support may be implemented without deviating from the invention.
- the capture medium is a liquid material at room temperature.
- the capture medium is liquid at a temperature between 15°C and 25°C, preferably liquid at a temperature between 10°C and 30°C.
- a step of draining the structured support after immersion or spraying may be provided to evacuate the excess capture medium.
- the support is a metallic support made of anodizable metal (such as aluminium), it will preferably be anodized prior to the coating step 1010.
- the structured support is brought into contact with a flow of air loaded with microparticles.
- the coated structured support is configured to be traversed by a flow of air with a linear speed of between 0.1 and 5 m/s without causing a pressure drop greater than 300 Pa or even 250 Pa.
- the device that is the subject of the invention does not require, for its proper functioning, active ventilation means allowing the forced circulation of the air flow loaded with microparticles.
- the ambient air flows are exploited so that the air flows laden with microparticles to be captured come into contact with the capture medium coated on the structured support.
- the capture medium gradually becomes loaded with microparticles which adhere to the capture medium and/or partially penetrate into the medium.
- active means of ventilation is limited to the device according to the invention, but does not include any machinery or mechanical devices generating a current of air, such as a train or a vehicle, or any fans which ensure a current of air in a tunnel: such a current of air, even generated by a machine or device external to the device according to the invention, is included here in the expression "ambient air flow”.
- step 1015 preferably when the saturation of the capture medium reaches a level which lowers too much the capture performance of the medium, said medium is replaced.
- the structured support as a whole is removed from the capture device that is the subject of the invention and discarded.
- the capture medium is stripped of the capture medium and the medium is used again.
- a stripping step 1020 at least part of the medium coated on the structured support is removed.
- the modalities of the stripping step 1020 are selected according to the nature of the capture medium, so as to maximize the proportion of capture medium stripped of the structured support and to minimize the degradation of the support.
- the stripping step 1020 comprises washing the structured support coated with capture medium with water loaded with a detergent, for example with soapy water.
- a detergent for example with soapy water.
- This cleaning method will be particularly suitable for capture media soluble in soapy water.
- a jet of water is projected onto the structured support to unhook and cause the capture medium to flow.
- the water jet may be under high pressure and the water may be heated, depending on the needs.
- the stripping step 1020 comprises stripping the structured support coated with medium by a pressurized air flow.
- the stripping step 1020 comprises stripping the structured support coated with capture medium by a flow of pressurized steam.
- the steam flow has a pressure of 4 bar and a temperature between 150°C and 180°C.
- the stripping step 1020 includes dry ice cleaning. Dry ice blasting is a process similar to sandblasting but the medium used is solid CO2 or dry ice. The dry ice is thrown onto the surfaces to be cleaned in a stream of compressed air.
- a step 1025 of replacing the stripped capture medium is implemented.
- the structured support is again coated with a fresh capture medium, that is to say one with a low microparticle content.
- the coating during step 1025 is preferably identical to that already described for step 1010 of initial coating of the structured support.
- the used capture medium loaded with microparticles is treated in order to reduce its microparticle content. For example, a filtration method is implemented or a centrifugation method, so as to obtain a fraction of recycled capture medium whose microparticle content is less than that of the used capture medium.
- the “fresh” capture medium mentioned in the present application can target both a new capture medium and a recycled capture medium.
- steps 1020 of stripping the saturated capture medium and 1025 of replacing the medium by coating the structured support with a fresh medium can be carried out on site, at the place where the device object of the invention, or in a workshop, or in a factory.
- a mobile workshop will for example be installed on a train carriage or on a mobile service machine (for example a van) so as to be able to carry out these steps on site.
- steps 1020 and 1025 are carried out in a workshop or factory, workers will take the “worn” structured supports and install new (or recycled) ones. The structured supports will then be brought back to the workshop or factory for recycling by implementing steps 1020 and 1025.
- Microparticle capture performance tests carried out by the applicant on particular embodiments of the microparticle capture device according to the invention are now described. Several particular embodiments of a device according to the invention are prepared, they are numbered 1 to 15 below.
- a woven support is supplied in sheets with a surface area of 0.045 m 2 and a thickness of 6 mm formed by 3D weaving of polyester fibers such as the product Aerosleep marketed by QLEVR.
- the weaving consists of two parallel faces with 5 mm opening stitches (average dimension) representing approximately 63% of the surface.
- the density of the woven support is 380 g/m 2 . It has a void ratio of around 95%.
- the support is immersed in a bath of olive oil preheated to 60°C so that its entire surface is covered with oil. The coated medium is taken out of the bath and then hung vertically for 5 hours to allow excess oil to drip off naturally.
- the structured support coated with capture medium thus obtained has a density of 590 g/m 2 . Its vacuum rate is close to 91%. It is emphasized that, to carry out the tests described in the remainder of the text, a sufficient number of oil-coated structured support sheets were prepared according to the specific features mentioned above to carry out each of the tests carried out with device No. 1.
- Device no. 2 (Sunflower oil / Aerosleep ®): device no. 1 is reproduced by replacing the olive oil with sunflower oil.
- Device No. 3 Peanut Oil/Aerosleep®: Device No. 1 is reproduced by replacing the olive oil with peanut oil.
- Device No. 4 (Lard/Aerosleep®): Device No. 1 is reproduced by replacing the olive oil with lard previously heated to 80°C. The lard thus deposited represents approximately 60% of the final mass of the structured support coated with capture medium.
- Device no. 5 (Castor oil / Aerosleep ®): device no. 1 is reproduced by replacing olive oil with castor oil.
- Device n°6 (Olive oil / 8ppi PU foam): device n°l is reproduced by replacing the woven support with an open-cell polyurethane foam of 8 ppi and 3 cm thick (reference RegiCell 8 FM2 marketed by Foampartner). This support has a density of 27 kg/m3. The diameter of the open cells is about 4.5 mm. The void fraction calculated from the intrinsic density of the polyurethane (typically 1200 kg/m 3 ) is around 98%. It goes to 97% after coating with oil.
- Device no. 7 (Peanut oil/ PU foam 8ppi): device no. 6 is reproduced by replacing the olive oil with peanut oil.
- the structured support coated with a capture medium is housed in a box.
- Device no. 8 (Olive oil/Aerosleep®): device no. 1 is reproduced in every respect. The final device has a density of 615 g/m 2 , ie a loading rate of the capture medium of 235 g/m 2 .
- Device no. 9 (Sunflower oil/Aerosleep®): device no. 2 is reproduced in all respects.
- the final device has a density of 621 g/m 2 , ie a loading rate of the capture medium of 241 g/m 2 .
- Device No. 10 (Sweet Almond Oil/Aerosleep®): Device No. 1 is reproduced by replacing the olive oil with sweet almond oil. The final device has a density of 593 g/m 2 , ie a loading rate of the capture medium of 213 g/m 2 .
- Device No. 11 Water-soluble lubricant 1/Aerosleep®: Device No. 1 is reproduced by replacing the olive oil with the water-soluble lubricant Solester 530 marketed by the company Molydal. The final device has a density of 536 g/m 2 , ie a loading rate of the capture medium of 156 g/m 2 .
- Device No. 12 Water-soluble lubricant 2/Aerosleep®: Device No. 1 is reproduced by replacing the olive oil with the water-soluble lubricant Solester 540 marketed by the company Molydal. The final device has a density of 682 g/m 2 , ie a loading rate of the capture medium of 302 g/m 2 .
- Device No. 13 (2 layers of olive oil/Aerosleep®): two devices identical to device No. 1 are reproduced and they are superimposed with a spacing of 1 mm.
- Device No. 14 (4 layers of olive oil/Aerosleep®): four devices identical to device No. 1 are reproduced and they are superimposed, spacing them 20 mm apart.
- Device no. 15 (6 layers of olive oil / Aerosleep ®): six devices identical to device no. 1 are reproduced and superimposed, spacing them 20 mm apart.
- test 1 the applicant evaluated the performance of capturing microparticles by devices according to the invention in an underground passenger rail transport network, in a tunnel.
- Test 1 the devices 1 to 7 detailed above are exposed to the air of a tunnel in an underground passenger rail transport network, approximately 15 meters from the entrance to an underground station.
- the average content of PM10 fine particles in the station was previously measured at 93 pg/m 3 , and the speed of passage of polluted air through the boxes was measured at 0.14 m/s on a daily average.
- the box housing the structured support coated with capture medium is fixed to the wall of the tunnel, approximately 1.5 meters from the nearest rail.
- the bottom of the box is 20 cm from the ground.
- the structure of the box similar to that illustrated in figure 6.
- H comprises two open opposite faces, positioned perpendicular to the wall of the tunnel so that the flow of air generated by the passage of the trains can pass through it. Inside the box, several structured supports coated with capture medium form an angle of 15 degrees with the tunnel wall.
- the structured supports coated with capture medium are removed and then washed by maintaining them for 15 minutes in agitated soapy water heated to 80° C. so as to release the fine particles which have been trapped.
- the wash water is then filtered through a cellulose membrane whose openings are 0.45 ⁇ m.
- the filtered particles and the membrane are rinsed with ethanol in order to eliminate oil residues.
- the quantity of PM harvested is determined by weighing the membrane, after drying at 60° C. for 2 hours.
- results obtained are collated in Table 1 for different structured supports coated with capture medium and for different exposure times. They are expressed in grams (g) of solid particles (PM) collected on the structured support coated with capture medium per day and per square meter of structured support coated with capture medium (gPM/m 2 /d), on average over the exposure period.
- the devices tested show good performance in capturing ambient air in an underground compartmentalized environment. There is a quantity of captured particles of between 0.18 gPM/m 2 /d and 1.01 gPM/m 2 /d depending on the tests, with an average of around 0.47 gPM/m 2 /d . It is noted that a longer duration of exposure, up to 56 days, does not seem to significantly reduce the average quantity of particles captured.
- the particle size analyzes of suspended particles carried out on the washing water from the tests referenced Testl-b and Testl-c in Table 1 indicate, in both cases, a volume fraction of PM10, PM2.5 and PMI of 48%, 19% and 4% respectively.
- test 2 the applicant evaluated the capture performance of the microparticles by devices which had undergone a stripping of a used capture medium then a new coating with a new medium. These reused devices are tested in an underground passenger rail network.
- Test 2 The structured supports coated with capture medium from the tests referenced Testl-b and Testl-k in the table above are recycled by re-coating with oil, respectively under the same conditions as those described for devices no. l and n°3 above. The devices obtained after re-coating are exposed again under the same conditions as for test 1.
- Table 2 compares the results obtained for the structured supports coated with new capture medium (referenced Testl-b and Testl-k above). -before) and for structured media coated with once- and twice-recycled capture medium. [Table2]
- test 3 the applicant evaluated the performance of capturing microparticles by devices according to the invention in an underground passenger rail transport network, at a platform in a station.
- Test 3 The conditions of test 1 are reproduced but placing the box containing the structured supports coated with capture medium in a station, under a platform nose. The bottom of the caisson is at ballast level, in the middle of the station and its distance from the nearest rail is 0.8 metres. On a daily average, the air speed through the cabinet was measured at 0.31 m/s. The results for this location are given in Table 3 for different structured supports coated with capture medium and exposure times.
- the supports placed under a platform nose capture a comparable quantity, that is to say of the same order of magnitude, of particles as the supports placed in a tunnel (Testl-a to f and s).
- Test 4 the applicant evaluated the performance of capturing microparticles by devices according to the invention in an underground passenger rail transport network, at the level of a corridor allowing passenger foot traffic.
- Test 4 the conditions of the first test are reproduced but by placing the box containing the structured supports coated with capture medium on the wall of a passenger corridor leading to the station platform at a height of approximately 1.5 meters from the floor. On a daily average, the air speed through the cabinet was measured at 0.43 m/s. The results on this location are given in Table 4 for different devices and exposure times.
- the supports placed in a corridor for passengers capture a comparable quantity, that is to say of the same order of magnitude, of particles as the supports placed in a tunnel (Test 1) or under the nose. platform (Test 3).
- the quantity of particles captured by the supports placed in a corridor for passengers (Test 4) is significantly lower.
- test 5 the applicant evaluated the performance of capturing microparticles by devices according to the invention near a road traffic axis.
- Test 5 The structured supports coated with capture medium are hung on a mesh protected from the rain and exposed directly to the outside air near a busy intersection. The quantities of microparticles collected over the exposure period are determined by washing as in test n°1. The results are given in Table 5.
- the devices tested show good ambient air capture performance in an open air environment. There is a quantity of captured particles of between 0.43 gPM/m 2 /d and 1.44 gPM/m 2 /d depending on the tests, with an average of around 0.84 gPM/m 2 /d .
- the particle size analysis of the particles in suspension in the washing water of example n° 5a indicates that the particles PM 10, PM2.5 and PMI represent respective volume fractions of 62%, 23% and 9%.
- Test 6 Devices Nos. 8 to 12 are used to compare the ease of washing the media according to the nature of the capture medium. Devices no. 8 to 10 are washed by soaking in water at 70°C containing a surfactant, under ultrasound for 15 minutes. The media is then taken out of the washing bath, rinsed with water, dried for 2 hours at 60°C and then weighed.
- Devices Nos. 11 and 12 are washed by soaking in water at room temperature, without surfactant, under ultrasound for 15 minutes. The media is then taken out of the washing bath, rinsed with water, dried for 2 hours at 60°C and then weighed.
- the washing rate of the capture medium is calculated.
- the washing rate without unit and expressed in percentages, is calculated as follows;
- Ti is the initial load expressed in grams per square meter (g/m 2 ). Ti is obtained by subtracting the density of the support alone (in g/m 2 ) from the density of the coated support (in g/m 2 ).
- Tf is the final load (in g/m 2 ).
- Tf is obtained by subtracting the density of the support alone (in g/m 2 ) from the density of the coated and then washed support (in g/m 2 ).
- a significant washing rate closer to 100%, indicates that a significant recovery of the capture medium is permitted by the washing. On the contrary, a low washing rate indicates less recovery of the capture medium.
- the washing rates obtained are clearly higher for the devices 11 and 12, compared to the washing rates of the devices 8 to 10, despite the absence of heating of the washing water and the absence of surfactant.
- Test 7 The structured supports coated with capture medium are positioned at the edge of a busy urban boulevard, in a box protecting them from the rain. The quantities of microparticles collected over the exposure period are determined by washing as in test n°1. The results are given in Table 7.
- tests 7a and 7b were carried out during a first period, that tests 7c and 7d were carried out during a second period distinct from the first and that tests 7e, 7f and 7g were carried out during of a third period, on different dates from the first two.
- tests 7a and 7e both carried out over a period of 14 days of exposure and with device 1, are explained by the differences in conditions (particle concentration in the air , weather conditions) during these tests.
- the masses of particles captured on each of the two layers of device No. 13 are respectively 2.89 g/m 2 /d and 2.03g/m 2 /d for the test 7-b and 1.63 g/m 2 /d and 4.1 lg/m 2 /d for the 7-d test.
- the masses of particles captured on each of the four layers of device No. 14 were respectively 1.99 g/m 2 /d, 1.58 g/m 2 /d, 1.31 g/ m 2 /d and 1.72 g/m 2 /d.
- the particle size analyzes of the particles in suspension in the washing water of layers n°1 and n°2 of device 14 of example n°7f indicate that the particles PM10, PM2.5 and PMI represent respective volume fractions of 82% , 29% and 8% for the first coat and 89%, 52% and 16% for the second coat.
- the particle size analyzes of the particles in suspension in the washing water of layers n°1 and n°3 of device 15 of example n° 7g indicate that the particles PM10, PM2.5 and PMI represent respective volume fractions of 94% , 59% and 15% for the first coat and 99%, 54% and 13% for the third coat.
- Test 8 the pressure drop of the structured supports coated with capture medium is measured as a function of the speed of the air passing through them for devices 1, 13, 14 and 15.
- a support structured as described for devices 1, 13, 14 and 15 is cut into a disc 40 mm in diameter and then coated with a capture medium as detailed above in the description of devices 1, 13, 14 and 15.
- the structured support coated with capture medium is placed in a tube of the same diameter (40 mm), equipped with a differential pressure sensor between the upstream and downstream of the disc.
- a variable air pressure is applied to the inlet of the tube and the speed of passage of the air through the device is measured using an anemometer placed upstream of the disc. Note the pressure drop generated by the disc for each air speed. It is verified that the pressure drop is proportional to the square of the air velocity. By linear regression, the pressure drop generated by the device is calculated for an air speed of 5 meters per second.
- the structured support coated with said capture medium is configured to be traversed by a flow of air with a linear speed of between 0.1 m/s and 5 m/s without causing a pressure drop. greater than 300 Pa, preferably without causing a pressure drop greater than 250 Pa.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2110910A FR3128129A1 (fr) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-10-14 | Dispositif passif de capture des microparticules en suspension dans l’air |
| FR2113509A FR3128130B1 (fr) | 2021-10-14 | 2021-12-14 | Dispositif passif de capture des microparticules en suspension dans l’air |
| FR2208715 | 2022-08-31 | ||
| PCT/IB2022/059815 WO2023062573A1 (fr) | 2021-10-14 | 2022-10-13 | Dispositif passif de capture des microparticules en suspension dans l'air |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4415853A1 true EP4415853A1 (fr) | 2024-08-21 |
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ID=83902915
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22793242.3A Withdrawn EP4415853A1 (fr) | 2021-10-14 | 2022-10-13 | Dispositif passif de capture des microparticules en suspension dans l'air |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240424436A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4415853A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3232284A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023062573A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU7599098A (en) * | 1997-05-28 | 1998-12-30 | Douglas P. Gibbs | Method of preparing and maintaining a wet filter |
| FR2832324B1 (fr) * | 2001-11-19 | 2004-10-08 | Bruno Georges Bordenave | Additif de filtration anti-radicalaire |
| US20040250683A1 (en) * | 2002-10-18 | 2004-12-16 | Innovative Construction And Building Materials, Llc | Advanced filtration devices and methods |
| DE10334905A1 (de) * | 2003-07-29 | 2005-02-17 | Neher Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg | Insektenschutzvorrichtung |
| DE202011104640U1 (de) * | 2011-08-17 | 2011-11-16 | Riensch & Held Gmbh & Co. Kg | Filter für Heizkörper |
| KR20180099004A (ko) * | 2017-02-28 | 2018-09-05 | 유장호 | 공기 청정기용 필터 및 그것을 구비한 공기 청정기 |
-
2022
- 2022-10-13 US US18/698,970 patent/US20240424436A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-13 CA CA3232284A patent/CA3232284A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-10-13 WO PCT/IB2022/059815 patent/WO2023062573A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-13 EP EP22793242.3A patent/EP4415853A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023062573A1 (fr) | 2023-04-20 |
| US20240424436A1 (en) | 2024-12-26 |
| CA3232284A1 (fr) | 2023-04-20 |
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