EP4406150A1 - Dispositif et procédé de synchronisation de temps symbole avec une architecture parallèle - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé de synchronisation de temps symbole avec une architecture parallèleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4406150A1 EP4406150A1 EP23734594.7A EP23734594A EP4406150A1 EP 4406150 A1 EP4406150 A1 EP 4406150A1 EP 23734594 A EP23734594 A EP 23734594A EP 4406150 A1 EP4406150 A1 EP 4406150A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fifos
- samples
- reading
- fifo
- indication
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
- H04B7/185—Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systems
- H04B7/18578—Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W56/00—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04W56/001—Synchronization between nodes
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of digital communications, in particular by satellite, and relates more particularly to a device and a method for symbol time synchronization with a parallel architecture.
- the invention is particularly well suited for a high-speed communications system between a satellite and an earth station.
- a transmitter device transmits a message to a receiver device in the form of a signal carrying a sequence of symbols.
- a symbol can correspond to a bit or a set of bits of data.
- a symbol can for example correspond to a particular value of phase, amplitude and/or frequency of the signal, depending on the modulation used.
- the received signal is sampled and the symbols must be synchronized from the samples obtained (one symbol corresponds to several samples).
- the symbol time at the transmitter device is clocked from a clock belonging to the transmitter device.
- the symbol time at the receiving device is clocked from a clock belonging to the receiving device.
- a temporal bias may, however, exist between the clock of the transmitting device and the clock of the receiving device due to the imperfection of the oscillators which form these clocks.
- Temporal errors can also be introduced by the Doppler effect due to a variation in the relative speed of the transmitting device relative to the receiving device (this is particularly true for communication between a satellite in low orbit and a ground station). These timing errors can cause errors in determining symbol times during sampling. This can lead to errors in the decoding of symbols and potentially to an inability to decode the received message.
- symbol time synchronization device There are different methods of symbol time synchronization. It is notably possible to use a method based on the Gardner algorithm, or a method based on the Oerder and Meyr algorithm. These algorithms are particularly used in space communications based on SCPC technology (acronym English for "Single Channel Per Carrier", in French “one channel per carrier”), as for example for the DVB-S2X system (English acronym for "Digital Video Broadcasting - Second Generation Satellite Extensions", it is a standard of broadcasting digital television by satellite). For these technologies, the symbol time synchronization device generally has a serial architecture.
- the CCSDS (English acronym for “Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems”) is currently in the process of defining a communications standard offering a throughput of around 10 Gbits/s and thus allowing satellites to exchange data at very high speed with ground stations via an optical link.
- the parallel architecture introduces a design challenge to resolve temporal drift at the sample level without over-complexing the receiver device.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of the disadvantages of the prior art, in particular those set out above.
- the present invention proposes a symbol time synchronization device with parallel architecture.
- the symbol time synchronization device is configured to be clocked by a clock, and it comprises:
- a sample storage and reordering module comprising a control unit and 2 x P “first in, first out” type buffers, also known under the term “FIFOs”, P being an even integer greater than or equal to four, each FIFO being able to store several samples, the FIFOs being ordered cyclically;
- an interpolation module configured to provide at each clock stroke a temporal error indication determined from samples coming from the storage and reordering module, said temporal error indication taking a value from “nominal” , “undershoot” or “overshoot”.
- control unit is configured to:
- the invention may also include one or more of the following characteristics, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations.
- writing to the FIFOs is controlled by a binary write mask comprising 2 x P bits. Each bit is respectively associated with a FIFO and indicates whether or not said FIFO must be used for writing.
- the write mask can take two distinct possible values, each having exactly P bits indicating that the associated FIFOs must be used for writing, said values having no bits in common.
- the control unit is configured to change the value of the write mask on each clock tick (if valid data is available for the considered clock tick).
- reading in the FIFOs is controlled by three binary reading masks each comprising 2 x P bits ordered cyclically. Each bit is respectively associated with a FIFO and indicates whether or not said FIFO should be used for reading. Each reading mask is associated respectively with one of the three possible values of the temporal error indication. Each read mask has exactly P, P - 1 or P + 1 successive bits indicating that the associated FIFOs must be used for reading depending on whether the read mask is associated respectively with the indication "nominal", "underflow” or “ “higher excess”.
- the control unit is configured, for said current clock stroke, to:
- control unit is configured to:
- the present invention relates to a receiving device of a communications system.
- the receiving device comprises a synchronization device according to any one of the preceding embodiments.
- the present invention relates to a satellite comprising such a receiving device.
- the communications system is a space communications system offering a data rate at least equal to 100 Mbit/s.
- the present invention relates to a method of operating a symbol time synchronization device with parallel architecture.
- the synchronization device is clocked and includes:
- a sample storage and reordering module comprising 2 x P “first in, first out” type buffer memories, or FIFOs, P being an even integer greater than or equal to four, each FIFO being able to store several samples, the FIFOs being ordered cyclically,
- an interpolation module configured to provide at each clock stroke a temporal error indication determined from samples coming from the storage and reordering module, said temporal error indication taking a value from “nominal” , “undershoot” or “overshoot”.
- the process includes, at a current clock stroke:
- the invention may also include one or more of the following characteristics, taken individually or in all technically possible combinations.
- writing in the FIFOs is controlled by a binary write mask comprising 2 x P bits. Each bit is respectively associated with a FIFO and indicates whether or not said FIFO must be used for writing.
- the write mask can take two distinct possible values, each having exactly P bits indicating that the associated FIFOs must be used for writing, said values having no bits in common. The value of the write mask is changed with each clock stroke.
- reading in the FIFOs is controlled by three binary reading masks each comprising 2 x P bits ordered cyclically. Each bit is respectively associated with a FIFO and indicates whether or not said FIFO should be used for reading. Each reading mask is associated respectively with one of the three possible values of the temporal error indication. Each read mask has exactly P, P - 1 or P + 1 successive bits indicating that the associated FIFOs must be used for reading depending on whether the read mask is associated respectively with the indication "nominal", "underflow” or " “higher excess”.
- the reading includes:
- the reordering of the samples to be supplied to the interpolation module comprises: - a binary rotation operation, on said samples, of a number of bits defined from the current value of the counter,
- each FIFO is configured to activate an indication of risk of overflow when the number of samples stored in said FIFO is greater than or equal to a threshold, and writing in the FIFOs is authorized if and only if the overflow risk indication is not activated for any of the FIFOs.
- each FIFO is configured to activate an indication of risk of shortage when the number of samples stored in said FIFO is less than or equal to a threshold, and reading in the FIFOs is authorized if and only if the shortage risk indication is not activated for any of the FIFOs.
- the frequency of the symbols output from the synchronization device is greater than or equal to 100 Mbits/s.
- FIG. 1 a schematic representation of a space communications system between a satellite orbiting the Earth and a terrestrial station
- FIG. 2 a schematic representation of a symbol time synchronization device according to the invention
- FIG. 3 a schematic representation of an embodiment of a sample storage and reordering module
- FIG. 4 a schematic representation of an embodiment of an interpolation module
- FIG. 5 a schematic representation of an example of implementation of the control of the writing of new samples in the FIFOs of the storage and reordering module
- FIG. 6 a schematic representation of an example of implementation of sample reading control in the FIFOs of the storage module and reordering
- FIG. 7 a schematic representation of an example of implementation of the control of the permutation network of the storage and reordering module
- FIG. 8 a schematic representation of the main steps of an operating method of a symbol time synchronization device according to the invention.
- Figure 1 schematically represents a space communications system between a satellite 70 orbiting the Earth 73 and an earth station 71.
- a signal 72 carrying data is transmitted by the earth station 71 to the satellite 70.
- the earth station 71 To transmit the signal 72, the earth station 71 includes a transmission chain.
- the transmission chain is clocked by a clock and it generally includes a channel encoder, an interleaver, a modulator, and other conventional elements participating in the transmission of a signal (filters, oscillators, amplifiers, digital/analog converter, etc.).
- the data to be transmitted is modulated in the form of symbols.
- a symbol can correspond to a bit or a set of bits of data.
- a symbol can for example correspond to a particular value of phase, amplitude and/or frequency of the signal, depending on the modulation used.
- the satellite 70 To receive the signal 72, the satellite 70 includes a reception chain.
- the reception chain is clocked and generally includes a sampler, a symbol time synchronization device, a demodulator, a deinterleaver, a channel decoder, and other conventional elements participating in the reception of a signal ( filters, oscillators, amplifiers, analog/digital converter, etc.).
- the role of the sampler is to take values from signal 72 at regular intervals to produce a series of discrete values called samples.
- the role of the symbol time synchronization device is to detect and synchronize the symbols transported by the signal 72 from the samples thus obtained.
- the symbols are then transformed into binary data by the demodulator.
- the binary data is finally decoded.
- Signal 72 may be a radio signal or an optical signal.
- the data rates targeted for the space communications considered are relatively high, for example greater than 100 Mbit/s, even greater than 1 Gbit/s, or even greater than 10 Gbit/s.
- the modulation can in particular be of the PSK type (English acronym for “Phase-Shift Keying”, in French “modulation by phase change”) or NRZ-O3K (English acronym for “Non-Return-to-Zero Optical On-Off Keying ”, in French “optical modulation by all-or-nothing modulation without return to zero”).
- PSK Phase-Shift Keying
- NRZ-O3K English acronym for “Non-Return-to-Zero Optical On-Off Keying ”, in French “optical modulation by all-or-nothing modulation without return to zero”.
- the signal 72 is transmitted by the earth station 71 to the satellite 70.
- the satellite 70 which is at the origin of the transmission of a signal to the earth station 71.
- the satellite 70 which would play the role of transmitter device with a transmission chain such as that previously described
- the earth station 71 would play the role of receiver device with a reception chain such as that previously described.
- Figure 2 schematically represents a symbol time synchronization device 10 according to the invention.
- the symbol time synchronization device 10 takes samples x n as input and provides symbols X k as output.
- the symbol time synchronization device 10 is clocked by a clock (this is not shown in the figures for the sake of simplification).
- the symbol time synchronization device 10 comprises a module 20 for storing and reordering samples and an interpolation module 30.
- the role of the interpolation module 30 is to process the samples Xj coming from the storage and reordering module 20 to detect and synchronize the symbols X k to be supplied to the demodulator.
- the interpolation module 30 is further configured to provide at each clock stroke a temporal error indication Err-lnd (or synchronization error) estimated from the samples Xj coming from the storage and reordering module 20.
- the time error indication Err-lnd takes one of “nominal”, “underrun” or “overrun”.
- the temporal error may be due to a frequency bias between the clock of the transmitting device and that of the receiving device, or by the Doppler effect induced by a variation in the relative speed of the transmitting device relative to the receiving device.
- the “undershoot” case corresponds to the situation where the sampling frequency of the receiving device is too fast compared to the symbol frequency.
- the “overshoot” case corresponds to the situation where the sampling frequency of the receiving device is too slow compared to the symbol frequency.
- the “nominal” case corresponds to the situation where the sampling frequency of the receiving device is substantially synchronized with the frequency of the symbols.
- the value of the temporal error can vary over time, in particular due to the Doppler effect.
- the sample storage and reordering module 20 is configured to reorder (or rearrange) the samples provided by the sampler before making them available to the interpolation module 30.
- the reordering of samples is done based on the timing error indication Err-lnd. In other words, it is the sample storage and reordering module 20 which is responsible for keeping or deleting certain samples depending on the observed temporal error, and for reordering the samples appropriately before putting them. available to the interpolation module 30.
- FIG 3 schematically represents an embodiment of the module 20 for storing and reordering samples.
- This module 20 comprises a set of 2 x P buffer memories 21 of the “first in, first out” type, or FIFOs (English acronym for “First-ln First-Out”).
- P corresponds to a parallelization factor.
- P is an even integer greater than or equal to four.
- Each FIFO 21 can store several samples (for example eight samples per FIFO).
- a sample corresponds to a pair of values each sampled respectively on channel I (“in phase” channel) and on channel Q (“quadrature” channel).
- a sample could correspond to only one of the channels I and Q, and it is then sufficient to duplicate the solution to process each of the two channels I and Q.
- a sample is coded on eight bits with a fixed point quantification of type Q(2.6). However, nothing would prevent a sample from being encoded differently, for example on a different number of bits and/or with a different quantification method, for example in floating point.
- the different ways of defining and encoding a sample are only variants of the invention. The choice of an encoding or quantification method depends in particular on the modulations and signal to noise ratios (SNR) envisaged.
- SNR signal to noise ratios
- the FIFOs 21 are ordered cyclically.
- the FIFOs can each be identified by an index varying between 0 and (2 x P - 1), and that they are ordered according to their index such that for an index i varying between 1 and (2 x P - 1), the FIFO with index (i - 1) precedes the FIFO with index i and the FIFO with index (2 x P - 1) precedes the FIFO with index 0.
- the FIFOs 21 are identified and ordered according to an index varying from 0 to 7 (in this case, the cyclic order of the indices of the FIFOs is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 , 7, 0, 1, 2, ... etc.).
- the FIFOs are ordered as follows: first the FIFOs of even index, in ascending order, and then the FIFOs of odd index, in ascending order (in this case, the order cyclical index of the FIFOs is 0, 2, 4, 6, 1, 3, 5, 7, 0, 2, 4, ...etc.).
- a sample is written in each of successive P FIFOs 21 which were not used for writing at the previous clock.
- four samples x n , x n+ i, x n+ 2, n is written in the FIFOo
- the samples x n+i is written in the FIFOi
- the samples x n+2 is written in the FIFOs
- the samples x n+3 is written in the FIFOs.
- the four samples x n+4 , x n+5 , x n+6 , x n+7 will be written respectively in the FIFOs of index 4 to 7. And so on.
- a sample is read in each of P, (P - 1), or (P + 1) successive FIFOs 21 depending on whether the temporal error indication Err-lnd provided by the interpolation module 30 for the clock stroke considered is respectively “nominal”, “underflow” or “overflow ". That is, P samples are read when the timing error indication Err-lnd is "nominal”, (P - 1) samples are read when the timing error indication Err-lnd is "underflow”, and ( P + 1 ) samples are read when the time error indication Err-lnd is “overflow”.
- the FIFOs 21 in which a sample must be read are defined according to the FIFOs 21 in which samples were read at the previous clock tick (the samples are read in the FIFOs which follow the FIFOs in which samples were read at the previous clock). previous clock stroke).
- a FIFO 21 corresponds to a memory area associated with a write pointer and a read pointer.
- the write pointer indicates an address of the memory area where the next sample should be stored.
- the playback pointer indicates an address of the memory area where the oldest sample that has not yet been played is stored (next sample to be played).
- the write pointer (respectively the read pointer) is incremented with each write operation of a sample (respectively with each read operation of a sample). It should be noted that there are different ways of managing a FIFO (pointer which traverses the memory in a circular manner, binary pointer with Gray code which counts read or write actions, etc.). The choice of a particular method to manage reading or writing in a FIFO is only a variant of the invention.
- Each FIFO 21 can be configured to activate an indication of risk of overflow when the number of samples stored in the FIFO 21 is greater than or equal to a threshold (the number of samples stored in a FIFO 21 corresponds to the number of samples which were written in said FIFO 21 and which have not yet been read). Likewise, each FIFO 21 can be configured to activate a shortage risk indication when the number of samples stored in the FIFO 21 is less than or equal to a threshold. The writing and/or reading operations in the FIFOs 21 can then be controlled according to these indications of risk of overflow and/or risk of shortage. These aspects will be described later with reference to Figures 5 and 6.
- the next sample to be supplied to the interpolation module 30 corresponds to the sample indicated by the reading pointer of said FIFO 21.
- the module 20 for storing and reordering samples comprises a permutation network 23 configured to reorder these samples to provide to the interpolation module 30.
- the permutation network 23 corresponds for example to a calculation unit capable of performing binary rotation operations (“barrel shifter” in English).
- a bit rotation is similar to a logic shift (shifting bits one or more places to the right or left), except that each outgoing bit is reinjected into the place freed by the shift.
- the permutation to be carried out is defined as a function of a counter whose current value is defined as a function of the value of said counter at the previous clock and as a function of the time error indication Err -lnd provided by the interpolation module 30 at the previous clock stroke.
- the permutation to be carried out depends in fact on the history of the sample conservation and/or deletion operations which were successively carried out on previous clocks. Updating the counter at each clock stroke as a function of the temporal error indication Err-lnd makes it possible to identify the FIFO 21 from which the next samples must be supplied to the interpolation module 30.
- the sample storage and reordering module 20 comprises a control unit 22 configured to execute read and write operations in the FIFOs 21 and sample reordering operations with the permutation network 23.
- the sample storage unit 20 control 22 is in particular configured to control the FIFOs in which a sample must be written, to control the FIFOs in which a sample must be read, and to control the permutation network 23.
- the control in writing is represented by the indication WC ("Write Control") which indicates in which FIFOs 21 a sample must be written
- the reading control is represented by the indication RC ("Read Control") which indicates in which FIFOs 21 a sample must be read
- the control of the permutation network 23 is represented by the indication SC (“Shift Control”) which indicates in which order the available samples must be supplied to the interpolation module 30.
- Figures 5 to 7, which will be described in detail later, illustrate particular modes of implementing writing, reading, and reordering of samples.
- FIG 4 schematically represents an embodiment of the interpolation module 30.
- the Gardner algorithm is used (in its version for a parallel architecture).
- the interpolation module 30 comprises two parallel interpolation blocks 31. Similar to what is described in the document “A Parallel Timing Synchronization Structure in Real-Time High Transmission Capacity Wireless Communication Systems”, Xin Hao et al., each block 31 comprises two interpolators 32 and a temporal error detection unit 33.
- the temporal error detection unit 33 is powered by the two interpolators 32 of the block 31 to which it belongs, as well as by one of the two interpolators 32 of the other block 31.
- each interpolator 32 takes as input four samples from among the samples made available by the sample storage and reordering module 20: the first interpolator 32 of the first block 31 takes as input the samples Xj, x j+i , x j+2 , x j+3 ; the second interpolator 32 of the first block 31 takes as input the samples x j+i , x j+2 , x j+3 , x j+4 ; the first interpolator 32 of the second block 31 takes as input the samples x j+2 , x j+3 , x j+4 , x j+5 ; the second interpolator 32 of the second block 31 takes as input the samples x j+3 , x j+4 , x j+5 , x j+6 .
- Each block 31 provides a symbol as output: the first block 31 provides the symbol Xk; the second block 31 provides the symbol Xk+i.
- the interpolation module 30 comprises a control unit 37 configured to estimate, in a conventional manner (Gardner algorithm) a temporal error from the temporal errors detected individually by each of the blocks 31.
- the control unit 37 can in particular press calculation units such as adder 34, multiplier/divider 35 and loop filter 36 to estimate the temporal error.
- the control unit 37 is also configured to provide the temporal error indication Err-lnd to the storage and reordering module 20 as a function of the estimated temporal error.
- Figure 5 schematically represents a particular mode of implementation of writing control in the FIFOs of P new samples.
- writing in the FIFOs is controlled by a write mask WM (“Write Mask”) comprising 2 x P bits.
- Each bit of the write mask is respectively associated with a FIFO 21 and indicates whether or not said FIFO 21 must be used for writing.
- the write mask WM can take two distinct possible values WMi and WM 2 each presenting exactly P bits indicating that the associated FIFOs must be used for writing (these are successive FIFOs, that is to say they follow each other in the cyclical order of the FIFOs).
- the WMi and WM2 values do not have any bits in common.
- a '1' bit indicates that the associated FIFO must be used for writing.
- a '0' bit indicates that the associated FIFO should not be used for writing.
- the bits are ordered from left to right and the index of a bit corresponds to the index of the FIFO with which it is associated.
- the WM1 mask whose binary value is 0b1 11 10000 indicates that only the four FIFOs with index 0 to 3 must be used for writing.
- the WM 2 mask whose binary value is 0b00001 11 1 indicates that only the four FIFOs with index 4 to 7 must be used for writing.
- the mask WM1 can take the binary value 0b10101010 and the mask WM 2 can take the binary value 0b01010101.
- the index of a bit of a write mask corresponds to the index of the FIFO with which it is associated: it would for example be possible to consider that the first four bits of the write mask correspond to the four FIFOs of even index, then the next four bits of the write mask correspond to the four FIFOs of odd index.
- inverted logic for which a bit at '0' indicates that the associated FIFO must be used for writing, and a bit at '1' indicates that the associated FIFO must not be used for writing. .
- the control unit 22 is configured to change the value of the write mask WM at each clock stroke.
- the choice of the value to use for the write mask WM among WM1 and WM 2 is carried out by a multiplexer 41 controlled by a binary value 42 updated at each stroke of clock using a gate 43 configured to perform an “exclusive OR” (XOR) logic operation between said binary value 42 and the value '1'.
- XOR exclusive OR
- Other modes of implementation could however be considered, for example by using a register memorizing the value of the write mask WM and on which a one's complement operation (inversion of all the bits) is carried out on each stroke of clock.
- each FIFO 21 can be configured to activate an indication 44 of risk of overflow when the number of samples stored in the FIFO 21 is greater than or equal to a threshold.
- each FIFO can include up to eight samples, the indication 44 of risk of overflow takes the value '1' when there are at least six samples present in the FIFO, otherwise the indication 44 of risk of overflow takes the value '0'.
- Gate 45 is configured to perform a logical “OR” (OR) operation between the overflow risk indications 44 of the different FIFOs 21.
- Gate 45 “OR” controls a multiplexer 46 to define the value of a binary mask of WA write authorization (“Write Authorization”).
- the mask WA takes the value ObOOOOOOOO when an indication 44 of risk of overflow is at '1' for at least one of the FIFOs (that is to say when the result of gate 45 "OR" is 'T).
- the WA mask takes the value 0b11 11 11 11 when the overflow risk indication 44 is at '0' for all the FIFOs (that is to say when the result of the "OR" gate 45 is '0' ).
- Gate 47 is configured to perform a logical “AND” operation between the mask WM and the mask WA. Gate 47 “AND” outputs the binary mask WC which controls the FIFOs in which a sample must be written. Thus, writing in the FIFOs 21 is authorized if and only if the overflow risk indication 44 is not activated for any of the FIFOs 21.
- Figure 6 schematically represents a particular mode of implementation of reading control in the FIFOs of P, (P - 1) or (P + 1) samples as a function of the Err-lnd indication.
- reading in the FIFOs 21 is controlled by a reading mask RM (“Read Mask”) comprising 2 x P bits.
- This reading mask RM corresponds to one of the reading masks RMi, RM 2 and RM 3 .
- the choice of the read mask to use is made via the multiplexer 53 which is controlled by the temporal error indication Err-lnd.
- the reading mask RMi is used when the time error indication Err-lnd is “nominal”
- the reading mask RM 2 is used when the time error indication Err-lnd is “underflow”
- the RM 3 reading mask is used when the Err-lnd indication is “overflow”.
- Each bit of a read mask is respectively associated with a FIFO 21 and indicates whether or not said FIFO 21 must be used for reading.
- the bits of the read masks are ordered cyclically: for an index i varying between 1 and (2 x P - 1), the index bit (i - 1) precedes the index bit i and the index bit (2 x P - 1) precedes the index bit 0.
- a bit at '1' indicates that the associated FIFO must be used for reading
- a bit at '0' indicates that the associated FIFO must not be used for reading (again, nothing would prevent the use of inverse logic) .
- the bits are ordered from left to right and the index of a bit corresponds to the index of the FIFO with which it is associated.
- the reading mask RMi which is associated with the “nominal” indication contains exactly P bits successive to '1'.
- the reading mask RM 2 which is associated with the “underflow” indication contains exactly (P - 1) bits successive to '1'.
- the reading mask RM 3 which is associated with the “overflow” indication contains exactly (P + 1) bits successive to '1'.
- the read mask RMi is initialized to the binary value 0b11 110000 (to indicate that only the four FIFOs with index 0 to 3 must be used for reading); the reading mask RM 2 is initialized to the binary value 0b1 1100000 (to indicate that only the three FIFOs with index 0 to 2 must be used for reading); the reading mask RM 3 is initialized to the binary value 0b1 111 1000 (to indicate that only the five FIFOs with index 0 to 4 must be used for reading).
- the control unit 22 is configured to put updates each of the three reading masks RMi, RM 2 and RM 3 , for the next clock stroke, by performing a binary rotation of the current value of said reading masks respectively by P, (P - 1) or (P + 1) bits depending on whether the time error indication Err-lnd provided by the interpolation module 30 is respectively “nominal”, “underflow” or “overflow”.
- each of the three reading masks RMi, RM 2 and RM 3 undergoes a rotation of P bits; if the indication is “underflow”, each of the three reading masks RMi, RM 2 and RM 3 undergoes a rotation of (P - 1) bits; if the indication is “overflow”, each of the three reading masks RMi, RM 2 and RM 3 undergoes a rotation of (P + 1) bits.
- the FIFOs 21 in which a sample must be read at the current clock are the FIFOs 21 which follow the FIFOs 21 in which samples were read at the previous clock: if the index of the last FIFO which was used in reading at the previous clock stroke hangs a value
- the first FIFO to use in reading at the current clock is the index (i + 1); if the index of the last FIFO which was used for reading at the previous clock has the value (2 x P - 1), then the first FIFO to be used for reading at the current clock is the one whose index is 0.
- the “ROT” blocks 51 each represent an electronic circuit capable of performing a binary rotation operation. In the example considered, this is a rotation to the right (because the bit with index 0 corresponding to the first FIFO is the leftmost bit, that is to say the most significant bit stronger) but it is obvious that we could also use a rotation to the left if the bits were ordered in the other direction.
- the table below gives an example of values taken by the reading masks at successive clock strokes.
- each FIFO 21 can be configured to activate an indication 54 of risk of shortage when the number of samples stored in the FIFO 21 is less than or equal to a threshold.
- each FIFO can include up to eight samples
- the shortage risk indication 54 takes the value '1' when the number of samples in the FIFO 21 is less than or equal to two, otherwise the indication 54 of risk of shortage takes the value '0'.
- Gate 55 is configured to perform a logical “OR” (OR) operation between the shortage risk indications 54 of the different FIFOs 21.
- Gate 55 “OR” controls multiplexer 56 to define the value of a binary mask of RA reading authorization (“Read Authorization”).
- the RA mask takes the value ObOOOOOOOO when an indication 54 of risk of shortage is at '1' for at least one of the FIFOs (that is to say when the result of gate 55 "OR" is '1') .
- the RA mask takes the value 0b11 11 11 11 when the shortage risk indication 54 is at '0' for all the FIFOs (that is to say when the result of the "OR" gate 55 is '0' ).
- Gate 57 is configured to perform a logical “AND” operation between the RM mask and the RA mask. Gate 57 “AND” outputs the binary mask RC which controls the FIFOs in which a sample must be read. Thus, reading in the FIFOs 21 is authorized if and only if the indication 54 of risk of shortage is not activated for any of the FIFOs 21.
- a mechanism can be implemented to prohibit reading in the FIFOs 21 for a predetermined number of clock strokes after a reset of the synchronization device 10, in order to allow time for the FIFOs 21 to fill up.
- FIG. 7 schematically represents a particular mode of implementation of the control of the permutation network 23.
- the permutation network 23 is an electronic circuit capable of performing binary rotation operations.
- the rotation to be performed is defined according to the SC (“Shift Control”) indication. More particularly, the SC indication makes it possible to define the number of bits to shift according to the rotation operation.
- the SC indication corresponds to a counter 64 whose current value is defined as a function of the value of said counter 64 at the previous clock stroke and as a function of the temporal error indication Err-lnd provided by the module 30 of interpolation to the previous clock stroke. Updating the counter 64 at each clock stroke as a function of the temporal error indication Err-lnd makes it possible to identify the FIFO 21 from which the next samples must be supplied to the interpolation module 30.
- the control unit 22 is configured to update the counter 64, for the next clock tick, by performing an addition modulo 2 x P of the current value of the counter 64 with the value P , P - 1 or P + 1 depending on whether the time error indication Err-lnd provided by the interpolation module 30 is respectively “nominal”, “undershoot” or “overshoot”.
- the choice of the value to use as a function of the temporal error indication Err-lnd is implemented by the multiplexer 62.
- the addition modulo 2 x P is implemented by the adder 63 (this is of a 2 x P bit adder). It can be noted that choosing the value P as a power of two makes it possible to simplify the hardware implementation of the adder 63 (an N-bit adder directly returns a sum modulo 2 N ).
- each interpolator 32 takes as input four samples made available by the storage and reordering module 20.
- there are four interpolators 32 (P
- the reordering of the samples to be supplied to the interpolation module 30 amounts to performing a binary rotation of an equal number of bits to the SC value of counter 64 multiplied by the bit size of a sample.
- the table below gives an example of the SC values taken by the counter 64 at successive clock strokes as well as the FIFOs to be used to make samples available to the interpolation module 30.
- the notation CK P represents a clock stroke of index p; the notation SC corresponds to the value SC of counter 64 for the current clock stroke; the “Next SC” notation corresponds to the SC value of counter 64 after updating for the next clock stroke.
- counter 64 is not updated and the sample reordering step is not performed.
- Figure 8 schematically represents the main steps of a method 100 for operating a symbol time synchronization device according to the invention, in particular a symbol time synchronization device 10 such as that described above with reference to Figures 2 at 7.
- the method 100 comprises the following steps:
- a reordering 103 of the samples to be supplied to the interpolation module 30 as a function of a counter 64 whose current value is defined as a function of the value of the counter 64 at the previous clock stroke and as a function of the indication of temporal error Err-lnd supplied by the interpolation module 30 at the previous clock stroke,
- the invention has been described by considering optical or radio space communications systems with data rates greater than 100 Mbits/s. However, following other examples, nothing excludes considering other communications systems, in particular terrestrial communications, for example cellular communications.
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- Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2207529A FR3138255B1 (fr) | 2022-07-22 | 2022-07-22 | Dispositif et procédé de synchronisation de temps symbole avec une architecture parallèle |
| PCT/EP2023/066819 WO2024017554A1 (fr) | 2022-07-22 | 2023-06-21 | Dispositif et procédé de synchronisation de temps symbole avec une architecture parallèle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4406150A1 true EP4406150A1 (fr) | 2024-07-31 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23734594.7A Pending EP4406150A1 (fr) | 2022-07-22 | 2023-06-21 | Dispositif et procédé de synchronisation de temps symbole avec une architecture parallèle |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12425099B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4406150A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3138255B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2024017554A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10159053B2 (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2018-12-18 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Low-latency low-uncertainty timer synchronization mechanism across multiple devices |
| US20210218488A1 (en) * | 2018-05-10 | 2021-07-15 | Olympus Corporation | Multisensor data fusion systems and methods |
-
2022
- 2022-07-22 FR FR2207529A patent/FR3138255B1/fr active Active
-
2023
- 2023-06-21 WO PCT/EP2023/066819 patent/WO2024017554A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2023-06-21 EP EP23734594.7A patent/EP4406150A1/fr active Pending
- 2023-06-21 US US18/996,798 patent/US12425099B2/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12425099B2 (en) | 2025-09-23 |
| FR3138255B1 (fr) | 2025-02-28 |
| WO2024017554A1 (fr) | 2024-01-25 |
| FR3138255A1 (fr) | 2024-01-26 |
| US20250260484A1 (en) | 2025-08-14 |
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