EP4396803A1 - Procédé d'entrainement à la panne d'une chaine de puissance d'un système propulsif hybride - Google Patents
Procédé d'entrainement à la panne d'une chaine de puissance d'un système propulsif hybrideInfo
- Publication number
- EP4396803A1 EP4396803A1 EP22773289.8A EP22773289A EP4396803A1 EP 4396803 A1 EP4396803 A1 EP 4396803A1 EP 22773289 A EP22773289 A EP 22773289A EP 4396803 A1 EP4396803 A1 EP 4396803A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- power
- chain
- delivered
- power chain
- instantaneous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B9/08—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer
- G09B9/44—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer providing simulation in a real aircraft flying through the atmosphere without restriction of its path
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B9/08—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
- G09B9/02—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft
- G09B9/08—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer
- G09B9/46—Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer the aircraft being a helicopter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/02—Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D27/30—Aircraft characterised by electric power plants
- B64D27/33—Hybrid electric aircraft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for aiding the training of aircraft pilots for the failure of a propulsion chain among a set of at least two redundant parallel propulsion chains of an aircraft equipped with a propulsion system redundant hybrid.
- Document [1] discloses a method for training an aircraft pilot to respond to the failure of one or more engines of a multi-engine aircraft in flight.
- the software simulates an engine failure using software-imposed output power limits on the engine(s) for which a failure is being simulated. For example, in the case of two engines, an imbalance is created between the two engines by bringing the healthy simulated engine to its maximum continuous power in the event of failure of another engine (or OEIC power for "One Engine Inoperative Continuous" Power in English) and the other faulty simulated motor provides the complement for the rotor (level said to be significantly lower).
- the helicopter is equipped with a main power chain having a main engine which provides mechanical power to the two rotors through a main gearbox (MGB).
- This main engine can for example be a helicopter turbine engine; this main engine provides most of the power necessary for the flight of the helicopter.
- the helicopter is also equipped with an electrical secondary power chain, which consists of:
- These power chains of a nature other than the main engine(s) can be sized to be able to supply a maximum power equivalent to or significantly lower than the main engine(s); they may have the primary role of providing “standby” power in the event of a main engine failure.
- PM2max_oEi and PM2max are strictly identical and both refer to the maximum power that the second power chain can deliver in the event of a real failure (that is to say outside school mode).
- the triggering of the step of increasing the instantaneous power PM2inst delivered by the second power chain is delayed and/or the increase in the instantaneous power PM2inst delivered by the second power chain is slowed down, whereby a transient power hole is created.
- the second power chain being reversible and PMIECOI being chosen to be greater than or equal to P Rmin Ecol (PRmin Ecol being the minimum total instantaneous power required to continue the flight of the aircraft in school mode)
- a step of sampling d a portion of the power delivered by the first power chain to the gearbox is carried out, by the second power chain, at least once during the step of increasing the power delivered by the second power chain power, the maximum portion that can be taken P M2min_Ecol being a negative value and being equal, in absolute value, to the maximum power that the second power chain of the transmission box can take in school mode, with PMIECOI + P M2min_Ecol — PRmin_Ecoi.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to distribute the power delivered by the at least two propulsive power chains in a clever way, so as to:
- FIG. 1 shows, schematically, the architecture of an example of a hybrid propulsion system with two power chains in parallel and its regulation system according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows an example of power profiles in the event of a real failure of one of the power chains of the hybrid propulsion system of Figure 1;
- FIG. 3 shows an example of power profiles in the event of a simulated failure according to the invention of one of the power chains of the hybrid propulsion system of Figure 1;
- - Figure 4 shows an example of the power loss profiles in the event of a simulated failure of a power chain according to two variants of the invention in comparison with a real failure;
- FIG. 5 shows an example of power profiles of a failure simulation of the first power chain according to variant 1 of the invention
- FIG. 6 shows an example of power profiles of a failure simulation of the first power chain according to variant 2 of the invention
- FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the control system 5 of Figure 1, according to variant 3 of the invention.
- FIG. 8 shows an example of power profiles of a failure simulation of the first power chain according to variant 3 of the invention.
- the propulsion system used in the context of the invention is a system for generating and supplying propulsive power which is hybrid and redundant.
- the propulsion system is hybrid, because it comprises at least two power chains of heterogeneous natures and it is redundant, because these at least two chains are arranged in parallel on the transmission box. This allows the aircraft to land under satisfactory safety conditions in the event of partial failure of one of the two power chains.
- partial failure is meant here a failure which affects only one of the propulsion chains in parallel.
- the propulsion system as a whole is therefore partially out of order since at least one of the redundant chains is functional.
- An example of a typical application is a helicopter parallel hybrid propulsion system, composed of a turbine engine and an electric motor driving, both of them, the main and tail rotors.
- the invention will be applied to a hybrid propulsion system composed of two independent chains in parallel (so-called twin-engine situation), namely a first power chain with a gas turbine-type engine and a second power chain with an electric motor.
- twin-engine situation namely a first power chain with a gas turbine-type engine and a second power chain with an electric motor.
- Figure 1 is shown the architecture of a hybrid propulsion system and its regulation system 5.
- the hybrid propulsion system comprises two redundant power chains, namely a main chain and a secondary chain, which we will respectively call first power chain 1 and second power chain 2.
- the two power chains are independent and of different natures and they are redundant (it is also said that they are in parallel), that is to say that they deliver mechanical power to the rotor 4 via a transmission box 3 which adapts and sums the powers of the two chains.
- the main chain 1 comprises a heat engine 10 which can be a gas turbine, this main chain being designed to supply the essential part of the power necessary for the flight of the aircraft.
- the secondary chain 2 comprises one or more electric motors (here, a single electric motor 20), and makes it possible to provide additional power essentially making it possible to continue the flight, in a restricted area, until landing in satisfactory safety conditions. .
- This secondary chain 2 has the main role of being able to overcome the failure of the main chain 1, while minimizing the additional mass on board.
- the maximum power it can deliver is less than or equal to the maximum power of the main chain.
- NR* is the rotation speed setpoint of rotor 4 (also called propeller);
- NMI is the engine speed measurement of the first (second) power chain;
- CMI is the measurement of the torque delivered by the engine of the first (second) power chain;
- PMI* is the motor power control of the first (second) power chain.
- FIG. 2 is represented the current total power delivered over time to the rotor of the aircraft of FIG. 1 (curve 3), in the event of a real failure of the engine of the first power chain.
- Curves 1 and 2 respectively represent the instantaneous power delivered over time by the first and the second power chain.
- the regulation system 5 reduces the power delivered by the first power chain as quickly as possible, without turning it off. This rapid power reduction thus simulates the loss of power available to the rotor when the first power string fails.
- the regulation system causes the motor 10 of the first power chain to decelerate to its maximum achievable deceleration rate without turning off the chamber. burning.
- the regulation system reduces the power of the motor 10 to an intermediate power level PMIECOI and then keeps it constant until the end of the crash training operation.
- this level PMIECOI is also chosen not too high so that the engine 10 does not influence the behavior of the propulsion system felt by the pilot.
- the power of motor 10 can be kept constant.
- the power variations of the rotor can therefore be entirely carried out by the motor 20.
- the piloting behavior is therefore faithful to what the pilot would feel with the power delivered entirely by the motor 20.
- FIG. 4 represents a comparison of the power loss profiles on simulated failure and on real failure, curve 1 representing the profile of a real failure of the engine 10, curve 2 representing the profile of the deceleration on the limit called "anti - extinction” of engine 10 and curve 3 representing the profile of a simulated failure according to variant 1 of the invention.
- the deceleration on the "anti-extinguishing" limit of the motor 10 can, depending on the performance of the motor 10, be slower than the drop in power observed in certain cases of failure (for example , in the case of an engine tightening by loss of lubrication or closing of a fuel supply valve).
- Variant 1 use of motor 2 in braking during the failure transient
- a possible limitation of the engine failure simulation by controlling a controlled deceleration of the engine speed 10 is that this maximum accessible deceleration can be significantly slower than a real loss of power linked to a real failure. engine.
- the motor 20 can take mechanical power from the BTP (whether by braking the BTP to recharge a battery or by dissipating the electrical power) , the motor 20 can be used to drop the power delivered to the rotor more quickly by drawing mechanical power from the motor 10.
- this variant 1 consists in temporarily controlling a negative power on the motor 20 (part of the curve designated by the circle 4), in order to obtain a drop in the total power that is more representative of the resulting power profile. of a true case of engine failure.
- the regulation system can temporarily reduce the power of the engine 10 below PMIECOI, before returning to this level;
- the regulation system can also delay and/or slow down the powering up of the motor 20, so that the sum of the powers of the two motors is temporarily lower than the maximum power that the second power chain can deliver (denoted PM2max) or the power required by the aircraft P Rmin Ecol
- a negative power level can temporarily be controlled on the motor 20, so that it draws power from the BTP.
- varying the duration of the power draw it is possible to simulate a more or less long transient power gap before returning to maximum power.
- variant 2 and variant 3 Two variants of the invention, described below (hereinafter called variant 2 and variant 3), make it possible to facilitate this compromise by making it possible to choose a level PMIECOI above the minimum power required for the continuation of the flight PRmin_Ecoi.
- the regulation system 5 maintains the motor 10 at constant power PMIECOI and permanently adapts the power of the motor 20 to the level required to maintain the speed of rotation of the rotor at the desired speed.
- the regulation system 5 also limits the power of the motor 20 to the level PM2iim_Ecoi so that the total power delivered by the two motors does not exceed the maximum power PM2max_oEi of the motor 20.
- the stop PM2iim_Ecoi is therefore calculated as follows:
- the motor 20 thus thus works at an average power level well below its maximum power, without this being perceptible by the pilot. This also has the advantage of consuming a much lower amount of electrical energy, which can be interesting when the electrical energy is supplied by a battery, the quantity of available energy of which is necessarily limited.
- the engine parameters returned by the control system for the pilot display are "rigged" so that they are representative of what would be displayed during a real failure situation.
- the speed, the torque or the power of the motor 10 is indicated at zero to represent its simulated failure state, whereas this same motor actually delivers a significant level of power.
- the equivalent parameters of the motor 20 are indicated at the levels where they would be if this motor were the only one supplying the power to the rotor.
- control system continuously monitors the operation of both motors.
- the regulation system immediately interrupts the training and failure simulation procedure and instantly reactivates the engine not presenting a failure, so that it delivers all the power needed to continue the flight.
- Variant 2 use of engine 2 in brake during the rest of the training flight
- action is taken on the average level of power delivered by motor 1 during the rest of the school mode.
- a variant of the invention consists in using motor 2 reversibly in order to be able to increase the PMIECOI power of motor 1.
- This solution can only be achieved if motor 2 can draw mechanical power from the MGB and that the power chain of motor 2 is reversible, either by recharging a storage device (for example, a battery), or by instantly dissipating this power (for example through electric power resistors).
- the regulation system controls a power level PMIECOI higher than what would be controlled according to the basic invention.
- PMIECOI power delivered by the engine 10 while it is simulated in failure is, in this variant 2, greater than the minimum power of the flight PRmin_Ecoi.
- the regulation system controls a negative power on the motor 20. The sum of the powers of the two motors is thus maintained at the level of the rotor requirement.
- This minimum power PM2min is here negative and corresponds (in absolute value) to the maximum power that the motor 20 of the BTP can draw.
- This minimum power PM2min is not necessarily equal (to the nearest sign) to the maximum power PM2max_oEi, and may depend on the capacity of the power chain of the motor 20 to absorb the power regenerated by this motor. In the case of an electric chain, it can be the maximum recharging power of the battery, or the maximum power dissipated by the “braking resistors”. In the case where only one battery makes it possible to absorb the power drawn off by the motor 20, the minimum power PM2min can also be constrained by energy considerations. Indeed, it is necessary, at any moment of the training flight, that the energy regenerated by the motor 20 does not exceed the maximum capacity of the battery.
- Variant 3 real-time adaptation of PMIECOI to eliminate the security/representativeness compromise for the choice of the PMIECOI constant
- action is taken on the average level of power delivered by motor 1 during the rest of the school mode.
- this adaptation can be carried out based, for example, on one or more of the elements listed below:
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Educational Administration (AREA)
- Educational Technology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Stand-By Power Supply Arrangements (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2109059A FR3126533A1 (fr) | 2021-08-31 | 2021-08-31 | procédé d’entrainement à la panne d’une chaine de puissance d’un système propulsif hybride |
| PCT/FR2022/051622 WO2023031549A1 (fr) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-29 | Procédé d'entrainement à la panne d'une chaine de puissance d'un système propulsif hybride |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4396803A1 true EP4396803A1 (fr) | 2024-07-10 |
Family
ID=78212253
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22773289.8A Pending EP4396803A1 (fr) | 2021-08-31 | 2022-08-29 | Procédé d'entrainement à la panne d'une chaine de puissance d'un système propulsif hybride |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240386810A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4396803A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118020098A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3126533A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023031549A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4471747B1 (fr) * | 2023-05-31 | 2025-08-13 | Airbus Helicopters | Procédé d'entraînement au pilotage d'un giravion, système et giravion associés |
| FR3158094A1 (fr) * | 2024-01-08 | 2025-07-11 | Airbus Helicopters | Procédé de pilotage d’une installation motrice hybride pour véhicule et une architecture de pilotage d’une telle installation motrice hybride |
| FR3161976A1 (fr) * | 2024-05-06 | 2025-11-07 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Procédé de simulation d’une panne moteur dans un aéronef |
| FR3161977A1 (fr) * | 2024-05-06 | 2025-11-07 | Safran Helicopter Engines | Procédé de simulation d’une panne moteur dans un aéronef |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3963372A (en) * | 1975-01-17 | 1976-06-15 | General Motors Corporation | Helicopter power plant control |
| US6917908B2 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2005-07-12 | Bell Helicopter Textron Inc. | Method of pilot training using simulated engine failure |
| US8025503B2 (en) * | 2003-12-08 | 2011-09-27 | Pratt & Whitney Canada Corp. | One-engine-inoperative training method and system |
| CA2611282C (fr) * | 2005-06-14 | 2017-09-05 | Volvo Aero Corporation | Methode pour entrainer une personne tout en pilotant un vehicule |
| US9355571B2 (en) * | 2008-01-23 | 2016-05-31 | Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation | Modules and methods for biasing power to a multi-engine power plant suitable for one engine inoperative flight procedure training |
| FR2952907B1 (fr) * | 2009-11-26 | 2011-12-09 | Eurocopter France | Installation motrice, helicoptere comportant une telle installation motrice, et procede mis en oeuvre par cette installation motrice |
| FR2967132B1 (fr) * | 2010-11-04 | 2012-11-09 | Turbomeca | Procede d'optimisation de la consommation specifique d'un helicoptere bimoteur et architecture bimoteur dissymetrique a systeme de regulation pour sa mise en oeuvre |
| FR2978124B1 (fr) * | 2011-07-18 | 2013-08-02 | Eurocopter France | Procede de controle d'un groupe de moteurs et aeronef |
| FR2997382B1 (fr) | 2012-10-29 | 2014-11-21 | Eurocopter France | Procede de gestion d'une panne moteur sur un aeronef multimoteur muni d'une installation motrice hybride |
| FR2998543B1 (fr) * | 2012-11-26 | 2015-07-17 | Eurocopter France | Procede et aeronef a voilure tournante muni de deux turbomoteurs principaux et d'un turbomoteur secondaire moins puissant |
| FR3015428B1 (fr) | 2013-12-20 | 2017-04-28 | Eurocopter France | Installation motrice disposant d'un moteur secondaire compensant les pertes de puissance des moteurs principaux pour un aeronef a voilure tournante |
| CA2996844A1 (fr) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-06-16 | Tzunum, Inc. | Chaine dynamique pour aeronef hybride electrique |
-
2021
- 2021-08-31 FR FR2109059A patent/FR3126533A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-08-29 CN CN202280065597.0A patent/CN118020098A/zh active Pending
- 2022-08-29 WO PCT/FR2022/051622 patent/WO2023031549A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-08-29 EP EP22773289.8A patent/EP4396803A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-08-29 US US18/687,576 patent/US20240386810A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023031549A1 (fr) | 2023-03-09 |
| CN118020098A (zh) | 2024-05-10 |
| US20240386810A1 (en) | 2024-11-21 |
| FR3126533A1 (fr) | 2023-03-03 |
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