EP4363216A1 - Procédé d'assemblage d'un vitrage feuilleté et calandre pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé - Google Patents
Procédé d'assemblage d'un vitrage feuilleté et calandre pour la mise en oeuvre du procédéInfo
- Publication number
- EP4363216A1 EP4363216A1 EP22744280.3A EP22744280A EP4363216A1 EP 4363216 A1 EP4363216 A1 EP 4363216A1 EP 22744280 A EP22744280 A EP 22744280A EP 4363216 A1 EP4363216 A1 EP 4363216A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roller
- radiation
- stack
- radiation source
- glass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
- B32B17/10825—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts
- B32B17/10862—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts using pressing-rolls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10816—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing
- B32B17/10871—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by pressing in combination with particular heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10899—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10935—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor by introducing interlayers of synthetic resin as a preformed layer, e.g. formed by extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10807—Making laminated safety glass or glazing; Apparatus therefor
- B32B17/10972—Degassing during the lamination
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/0007—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding involving treatment or provisions in order to avoid deformation or air inclusion, e.g. to improve surface quality
- B32B37/003—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding involving treatment or provisions in order to avoid deformation or air inclusion, e.g. to improve surface quality to avoid air inclusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/0046—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by constructional aspects of the apparatus
- B32B37/0053—Constructional details of laminating machines comprising rollers; Constructional features of the rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
Definitions
- DESCRIPTION TITLE method for assembling laminated glazing and calender for implementing the method
- the present invention relates to the field of manufacturing laminated glazing comprising two sheets of glass and an interlayer thermoplastic sheet. More particularly, it relates to the deaeration step implemented after stacking the two sheets of glass and the intermediate thermoplastic sheet and before its treatment in an autoclave.
- Laminated glazing is commonly used in the field of motor vehicles, aeronautics and construction. They generally consist of two sheets of glass between which is placed a thermoplastic sheet – typically polyvinyl butyral (PVB) – which ensures their adhesion between them. Good quality laminated glazing should be transparent and free of bubbles.
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- the manufacture of such laminated glazing mainly comprises three successive steps, namely the stacking of the two sheets of glass with the interposition of the thermoplastic sheet, the deaeration and a treatment in an autoclave.
- the purpose of the deaeration step is to cause the two glass sheets to adhere to the thermoplastic sheet after heating, while eliminating the major part of the air present between the thermoplastic sheet and each of the glass sheets. It consists of continuously scrolling the stack through a radiant oven to heat it, then between the pressing rollers of a calender arranged at the exit of the oven where the thermoplastic sheet is still at a sufficient temperature to make it adhere. with sheets of glass.
- the adhesion between the thermoplastic sheet and the glass sheets is sufficient to preserve their assembly during subsequent handling while awaiting its treatment in the autoclave which will give it final adhesion.
- the laminated glazing units are raised and placed offline in an inclined position close to the vertical on trestles in the form of a batch of several laminated glazing units.
- the trestles loaded with their laminated glazing are brought into an autoclave in which, when it is filled, the laminated glazing is subjected to a cycle of pressure (of the order of 10 bars) and temperature (of the order of 140° C) which lasts several hours.
- the treatment in the autoclave ensures the definitive adhesion between the thermoplastic sheet and the glass sheets and serves to confer the desired transparency to the glass sheets, as well as to dissolve in the thermoplastic sheet the air which remained between the sheets of glass and the thermoplastic sheet after the deaeration step.
- the radiative furnace technology usually used during the deaeration step is based on infrared lamps whose blackbody spectrum corresponds to filament temperatures between 900 and 1200°C. Such a furnace has the disadvantage of requiring a lot of energy and typically uses heating by infrared lamps over a distance of 4 to 10 m.
- the glass sheet first absorbs a large part of the incident flux, typically 50% to 80% for filament temperatures of infrared lamps between 500°C and 1000° C and for a glass thickness of 2mm.
- the first sheet of glass encountered by the incident infrared radiation prevents the interlayer thermoplastic sheet of the laminated glazing - in particular the PVB - from directly absorbing a major part of the incident flux.
- the proportion of energy of the incident infrared radiation absorbed by the glass increases exponentially with its thickness which can exceed 10 mm, which further limits the proportion of the energy of the infrared radiation which reaches the interlayer thermoplastic sheet directly.
- the stack is heated throughout its thickness with a significant contribution of heat conduction from the glass to the thermoplastic sheet to heat the latter.
- the more the laminated glazing comprises thick sheets of glass the longer and/or more powerful the heating must be.
- the majority of infrared radiation is reflected and the heating process becomes highly inefficient.
- the radiation source is chosen in the microwave or infrared range with a frequency selected so as to favor the heating of the sheet thermoplastic.
- the energy density of the radiation is chosen so as to obtain a heating rate between approximately 0.5°C/s and 5°C/s, it being specified that faster heating would have the disadvantage of having to resort to autoclave treatment. .
- This approach nevertheless has the disadvantage of having to resort to a vacuum chamber, which is not very suitable in the case of large-sized glazing that may have several square meters. Furthermore, the heating process remains relatively slow, which limits production yield.
- the applicant proposed in WO 2020/099800 to expose upstream of the pressing calender to the at least one side, preferably both sides, of the stack formed by the glass sheets and the intermediate thermoplastic sheet to radiation at wavelengths between 340 and 400 nm, and/or between 1.6 and 2.9 ⁇ m, having a spectral width of at most 100 nm, so as to heat the interlayer thermoplastic sheet through the glass sheets, to a temperature sufficient to adhere to the glass sheets during its subsequent passage through the pressing calender.
- the interlayer thermoplastic sheet such as PVB absorbs much more radiation at these wavelengths than glass.
- this method thus offers a gain in energy and makes it possible to overcome the typical inertia of infrared ovens.
- this document mentions a 2 mm Planiclear® glass (SG Glass) - PVB Saflex® RB41 0.76 mm (Eastman Chemical Company) - 2 mm Planiclear® glass which is insulated with a single side with a UV LED lamp emitting a maximum surface power of 9 W/cm 2 at a wavelength of 365 nm (at least 90% of the total light energy is emitted in the band spectral from 345 to 385 nm). The sample moved at 0.4 m/min under the lamp and in a calender.
- the lamp was 5 cm before the calender at a distance of 3 mm from the sample, which was irradiated over its entire width, and over the length of the irradiation zone, which was 20 mm.
- the sample After deaeration, the sample showed a level of haze and a level of clarity comparable to those obtained by the usual deaeration processes and after the autoclave, the sample being perfectly transparent and without bubbles.
- the object of the present invention is to further improve the prior art.
- one objective is to further improve the energy performance and/or the production rate during the deaeration step or more generally during an assembly step of laminated glazing during which sheets of glass and an interlayer thermoplastic sheet made adhesive by heating are pressed together by calendering to adhesively bond the glass sheets to the thermoplastic sheet.
- the invention proposes, according to a first aspect, a device for adhesively bonding two sheets of glass to a thermoplastic sheet which becomes adhesive by heating, which sheets are arranged beforehand in the form of a stack in which the thermoplastic sheet is interposed. between the two sheets of glass in direct contact with them.
- the device comprises at least a first radiation source for heating the thermoplastic sheet within the stack so as to make it adhesive, and a first roller and a second roller which are rotatably mounted to press the stack together as and as it passes between them so as to cause the thermoplastic sheet rendered adhesive by the first radiation source to adhere to at least one of the glass sheets.
- the first radiation source is arranged inside the first roller, and the circumferential wall of the first roller is adapted to allow the radiation from the first radiation source to pass at least partially so as to reach the stack during its passage between both rolls.
- at least one source of radiation preferably UV, but others are possible - is placed in the first roll and preferably also in the second roll which together form a pressing calender advantageously makes it possible to heat the thermoplastic sheet in the pressing area itself or in the immediate vicinity of it. This makes it possible to take full advantage of the skin effect of the heating of the thermoplastic sheet by UV or other radiation when the latter is little absorbed by the sheet of glass traversed by the radiation.
- WO 2020/099800 A1 consisting in placing the radiation source used to heat the thermoplastic sheet before the calender does not actually make it possible to take full advantage of the heating skin effect, that is to say the fact that a thin thickness of the interlayer thermoplastic sheet at its interface with the glass sheet can be heated quickly. This is due to the fact that the calendering does not occur immediately as soon as a thin thickness of the thermoplastic sheet reaches a temperature sufficient to make it adhesive. Indeed, the stack formed by the sheets of glass and the interlayer thermoplastic sheet must cover the distance separating the source of radiation from the pressing zone of the calender.
- thermoplastic sheet Although this distance is quite low, the time required to cover it nevertheless allows a significant cooling of the thin thickness of thermoplastic sheet at its interface with the glass sheet by the effect of the conduction-diffusion of heat in the rest of the thermoplastic sheet and in the glass sheet.
- the radiation source was located 5 cm before the calender, it took 7.5 seconds for the stack to reach the center of the pressing zone of the calender, having regard to the speed of scrolling of 0.4 m/min.
- the radiation source must provide a quantity of heat to the thermoplastic sheet much greater than that which is sufficient to make adhesive a thin surface thickness of material of the thermoplastic sheet, this in order to ensure that the surface temperature of the sheet thermoplastic is still sufficient to be adhesive on the surface when the stack is pressed by the calender.
- this example corresponds to experimental test conditions that are very different from an industrial implementation. Indeed, the 5 cm proximity of the lamp to the grille was only possible due to a very small diameter of the pressing rollers of the grille, namely a diameter of about 3 cm, which were additionally devoid of soft coating.
- This unusually small diameter does not correspond to the industrial reality where the diameter of the pressing rolls is generally more than 10 times larger, or even much more, and is covered with a soft coating for a soft contact in a pressing zone having a length of a few centimeters in the direction of travel of the stacks, for example of the order of 5 cm.
- a space-saving LED-based UV radiation source cannot actually be placed so close to the pressing area of the stack, let alone the centerline of the pressing area. .
- the actual industrial situation is even more unfavorable than that of these experimental tests.
- the fact of placing the source of radiation in a calender roll allowing the radiation to pass at least partially makes it possible to locally bring the surface temperature of the thermoplastic sheet to the level required to make it adhesive on the surface at a moment when this part of the thermoplastic sheet is in the pressing zone of the calender rolls or any at least at a very short distance from it.
- the cooling effect of the surface layer of material of the thermoplastic sheet by heat conduction in the rest of the thermoplastic sheet and in the adjacent sheet of glass occurs essentially after pressing. Therefore, it is possible to take maximum advantage of the skin effect of the heating of the thermoplastic sheet, which avoids having to supply excess heating energy.
- thermoplastic sheet adhesive at the interface with the glass sheet.
- flash heating can be applied to it, making it possible to reach the desired temperature by resorting to a high heating radiation intensity.
- the surface temperature to be reached is generally between 50°C and 80°C depending on the material of the thermoplastic sheet, in particular in the case of PVB. As we will see later, it can be reached in much less than a second. In practice, it can be reached easily in less than 0.5 seconds, or even in less than 0.2 seconds. It suffices for this to resort to a high radiation intensity since a major part of the radiation passes through the glass sheet and reaches the thermoplastic sheet.
- a UV source in particular in the form of one or more LED strips is quite suitable for this purpose in the case of conventional glass sheets which are particularly transparent to UV.
- Other types of radiation sources can of course be envisaged for the same purposes depending on the transmission characteristics of the glass sheets concerned. In particular, use may be made of the range between 1.6 and 2.9 ⁇ m as taught by WO 2020/099800 A1.
- the device of the invention comprises one or more of the following characteristics: - the device comprises at least one second source of radiation to heat the thermoplastic sheet within the stack so as to make it adhesive, in which the second radiation source is arranged inside the second roller, and the peripheral wall of the second roller is adapted to allow the radiation from the second radiation source to pass at least partially so as to reach the stack during its passage between the two rollers; - at least a part of the circumferential wall of the first and/or of the second roller has a transparency allowing the passage at least partially of the radiation from the corresponding radiation source through the roller in question, said part preferably extending continuously over the entire circumference of the roller in question; - the transmission rate of said circumferential wall part is at least 50% and more preferably at least 70% for a given wavelength or a given range of wavelengths included in the radiation from the source corresponding radiation; - the peripheral wall of the first and/or of the second roller has openings distributed circumferentially to let the radiation from the corresponding radiation source pass, the peripheral wall being
- the method of the invention comprises one or more of the following characteristics: - the first and/or the second source of radiation are selected so that: the sheet of glass placed on the side of the first roller, respectively on the side of the second roller, has a transmission rate of at least 50%, more preferably of at least 75%, and even more preferably of at least 85% with respect to the part of the radiation from the source considered radiation which reaches the stack, and the thermoplastic sheet has an absorption rate of at least 50%, more preferably of at least 75%, and even more preferably of at least 85% vis-à-vis of the part of the radiation from the radiation source considered which reaches the thermoplastic sheet after having passed through the glass sheet on the side of the first roll, respectively on the side of the second roll; - the first roller and the second roller exert a level of pressure on the stack as it passes between them which is high enough to eliminate a major part of the air present between the thermoplastic sheet and the glass sheets ; - the pressure applied by the first roller and the second roller on the stack is between
- FIG 1 represents graphs giving the rate of transmission and the rate of absorption of the radiation by, respectively, a sheet of glass 2 mm thick and a sheet of PVB according to the wavelength.
- FIG 2 represents the same graphs as figure 1, but in the case of a 4 mm thick glass sheet, the PVB sheet being the same.
- FIG 3 represents the same graphs as figure 1 for the same sheet of glass and the same sheet of PVB, but over a larger wavelength interval.
- FIG. 4 represents graphs giving one the rate of transmission of the radiation according to the wavelength for a so-called "low emissivity" layer with which is provided a glass sheet of 4 mm identical to that of figure 2 , the other graph providing the radiation absorption rate as a function of the wavelength by the same sheet of PVB after transmission by the “low emissivity” layer and this sheet of glass.
- FIG 5 shows the temperature curve through a stack formed of two sheets of glass and an interposed PVB sheet when the stack is heated by UV radiation.
- FIG. 6 represents for the same stack as FIG. 5 temperature curves relating to the PVB sheet as a function of time during heating by UV radiation.
- FIG 7 represents the same curve for the same stack as for FIG.
- FIG. 8 represents the same curves for the same stack as for FIG. 5, but in the case where the stack is subjected to heating by IR.
- FIG. 8 represents the same curves for the same stack as for FIG. 5, but in the case where the stack is subjected to heating by IR.
- FIG 9 represents the temperature curve through a stack formed of two glass sheets and an intercalated PVB sheet when the stack is heated by UV radiation, the glass sheets being thicker than in the case of the stack of figures 5 to 8.
- FIG 10 represents for the same stack as FIG. 9 temperature curves relating to the PVB sheet as a function of time during heating by UV radiation.
- FIG 11 represents the same curve for the same stack as for FIG. 9, but in the case where the stack is subjected to heating by IR.
- FIG 12 represents the same curves for the same stack as for FIG. 10, but in the case where the stack is subjected to heating by IR.
- FIG 13 schematically represents a deaeration station according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- FIG 14 schematically represents a local enlargement of the contact zone of a pressing roll on the glass sheet of a stack passing between the rolls of the calender of the deaeration station of figure 13.
- FIG 15 schematically represents a variant of the deaeration station of figure 13.
- FIG 16 schematically represents a top view of a roll of the calender of the deaeration station of figure 14.
- Figures 1 to 4 show the interest to use a source of UV radiation to heat the thermoplastic sheet in order to make it adhesive and consequently to be able to bind it to the contiguous glass sheets by pressing. They represent the transmission spectra of a glass sheet, with and without functional layer, and the absorption spectra of a PVB sheet. On the graphs of four figures, the abscissa shows the wavelength in microns and the ordinate shows the fraction of light transmitted or absorbed as the case may be. In FIG.
- the dashed-dot line (a) represents the absorption rate of a PVB sheet 0.76 mm thick, marketed by the company Eastman Chemical Company under the registered trademark Saflex® RB41, and the continuous line (b) the rate of transmission of a glass sheet 2 mm thick marketed by the Saint-Gobain Glass Company under the Planiclear® brand.
- the dashed-dot line (a) represents the absorption rate of the same PVB sheet as in Fig. 1, but the solid line (b) this time represents the transmission of a glass sheet 4 mm thick marketed by Saint-Gobain Glass under the Planiclear® brand.
- the glass is transparent and the PVB very absorbent, as shown by the two figures 1 and 2.
- This spectral window is therefore ideal for directly heating the PVB without the radiation being absorbed by the glass. Selective heating reduces the absorption of radiation in areas other than the PVB at the glass-PVB interface and therefore to reduce the energy used, thus making it possible to reduce the costs of the process.
- Figure 3 provides the same curves as Figure 1 for the same glass sheet and the same thermoplastic sheet, but this time for a wider wavelength range. It shows that there is a similar interest for the spectral window between 1.6 and 2.9 ⁇ m, and more particularly between 2.2 and 2.7 ⁇ m. In FIG.
- the dotted line (d) represents the transmission of a so-called "low-e”/"low-emissivity” thin layer marketed by Saint-Gobain Glass under the Planitherm® ONE brand, on a sheet of 4mm thick glass.
- the dashed-dot line (e) represents the part of radiation which is absorbed by the PVB after transmission through the thin film and the glass.
- the transmission window of the glass is preserved and the efficiency of the process is only slightly affected by the addition of the thin layer on the glass in the field of wavelengths between 340 and 450 nm, but not between 1.6 and 2.9 ⁇ m.
- the thin layer hardly transmits the wavelengths between 1.6 and 2.9 ⁇ m, of which it reflects a good part, whereas radiation with wavelengths between 340 and 450 nm remains very widely transmitted. through this thin layer.
- the graphs in FIGS. 5 to 12 provide the results of a comparative study illustrating the advantage of using a source of UV radiation compared to infrared to heat the interlayer thermoplastic sheet of the stack in order to make it adhesive and to be able to thereby binding it to the adjoining glass sheets by pressing.
- the incident intensity is chosen to be identical for each type of radiation in order to show the intrinsic advantage of using UV radiation compared to an IR incandescent lamp.
- UV LEDs are generally more intense, potentially by a rate of 2 to 10.
- the incident intensity of the radiation sources is 60W/cm 2 uniformly over an area of 2 cm wide, it being specified that the direction of the width of this zone corresponds in practice to the direction of travel of the stack through the calender.
- it covers the entire width of the stack formed by the two sheets of glass and the interlayer thermoplastic sheet, it being specified that the width of the stack corresponds in practice to the horizontal direction perpendicular to the running direction of the stacking through the grille.
- Radiant heating is performed from one side of the stack only to show the skin effect of UV heating in the thermoplastic sheet. In other words, the radiation source is placed on the side of one of the two main faces of stacking.
- radiation heating is preferably applied from both sides of the stack.
- the UV source radiates at a wavelength of 365 nm while the IR lamp has a black body spectrum at a temperature of 1200°C. It was assumed that a satisfactory adhesive bond and good air release are obtained if the calender pressing occurs when the glass-PVB interface on the radiation source side reaches a temperature of 80°C. In other words, the radiation from the source is stopped as soon as the temperature of 80° C. is reached by the PVB at this interface. In practice, the adequate temperature level is actually lower, namely between 40°C and 60°C inclusive.
- FIGS. 5 to 8 provide the results for the case of laminated glazing made up of two sheets of glass 2 mm thick each and an interlayer PVB sheet 0.76 mm thick. More particularly, FIGS. 5 and 6 relate to the case where use is made of the UV radiation source.
- Figure 5 shows on the ordinate the temperature level inside the stack as a function of the distance, indicated on the abscissa, which is measured from the outer surface of the glass sheet located on the side of the radiation source .
- FIG. 6 shows the temperature level in the thermoplastic sheet as a function of time, indicated on the abscissa, during which the UV radiation is applied to the stack.
- the continuous curve (A) is the temperature of the PVB sheet at the interface with the glass sheet located on the side of the UV radiation source
- the dashed curve (B) is the maximum temperature reached in the PVB sheet
- the dashed-dot curve (C) is the temperature of the PVB sheet at the interface with the glass sheet located on the side away from the UV radiation source.
- Figures 7 and 8 are the same graphs as for Figures 5 and 6, but for the case where use is made of the IR radiation source.
- Figures 9 to 12 provide the same result graphs as Figures 5 to 8, but for the case of laminated glazing made up of two sheets of glass 10 mm thick each and an interlayer PVB of 0 .76mm thick.
- the temperature of 80° C. is reached at the PVB sheet - glass sheet interface located on the side of the radiation source in 0.135 seconds, which corresponds in practice to a running speed of the stacks through the pressing calender of 8.9 m/min. On the contrary, it takes 0.88 seconds for this purpose in the case of the IR lamp, which corresponds in practice to a running speed of the stacks through the pressing calender of 1.4 m/min.
- the UV source therefore allows six times faster heating than the IR source at equivalent radiation intensity.
- the temperature of 80°C is reached at the interface PVB sheet - glass sheet located on the side of the radiation source in 0.17 seconds.
- the UV source which corresponds in practice to a running speed of the stacks through the pressing calender of 7 m/min.
- the deaeration operation is therefore only 20% slower compared to the case of laminated glazing comprising glass sheets 2 mm thick.
- it takes 6 seconds to reach this temperature in the case of the IR source which would correspond to a running speed of the stacks through the pressing calender of only 0.2 m/min.
- the IR source leads in this case to extreme temperatures in the glass sheet, namely up to 500° C., which is potentially detrimental for the latter.
- the graphs of FIGS. 6 and 10 also show that the temperature at the PVB sheet/glass sheet interface located on the side of the UV source decreases very rapidly after the UV source has been extinguished. Indeed, it goes from 80°C to 40°C in less than 0.9 seconds in both cases.
- thermoplastic sheet it is best to keep the radiation intensity reaching the thermoplastic sheet within certain limits because, as shown in Figures 6 and 10, the maximum temperature reached inside the PVB sheet – namely around 110°C in this case - is significantly higher than that achieved at the interface with the glass sheet and this is all the more important as the radiation intensity reaching the thermoplastic sheet is high for a fixed heating time. Otherwise, there is the risk of locally damaging the material of the thermoplastic sheet if the temperature becomes locally excessive therein. From this point of view, it is preferable for the maximum temperature reached inside a sheet of PVB to be less than or equal to 140° C. in the case of a sheet of PVB.
- An example of a laminated glazing assembly line according to the invention is as follows.
- the assembly line begins with the supply of stacks E each formed by two sheets of glass V1, V2 and an adhesive thermoplastic sheet T interposed so as to be in direct contact with the two sheets of glass V1 , V2.
- the stacks E are transported by a conveyor 2 which brings them successively to a deaeration station 1 according to the invention, preferably continuously moving at constant speed. It is at the deaeration station 1 that the thermoplastic sheet T is heated by UV or other radiation through the circumferential wall of the rollers R1, R2 of a calender to make it adhesive while the stack E is pressed by these same rollers to bind the glass sheets V1, V2 to the thermoplastic sheet T.
- the level of pressing is chosen sufficient to deaerate the stack E, in other words to eliminate most of the air present between the thermoplastic sheet T and each of the sheets of glass V.
- the pressure applied by the rollers R1, R2 of the calender on the stack E is preferably between 0.1 and 1 MPa, limits included.
- the stacks E each forming a laminated glazing can be conventionally subjected to an autoclave treatment. In this case, it suffices that at the end of the deaeration step in station 1, the adhesion between the thermoplastic sheet T and the glass sheets V is sufficient to preserve their assembly during subsequent handling while waiting for the treatment of laminated glazing in the autoclave.
- the level of adhesion reached at the end of the deaeration step can therefore be lower, or even much lower, than the final level of adhesion reached after treatment in the autoclave.
- the autoclave treatment can also serve conventionally to impart the desired transparency to the glass sheets V1, V2 and to dissolve in the thermoplastic sheet T the air which remained between the glass sheets V1, V2 and the thermoplastic sheet T at the from the deaeration stage in station 1. It will be understood that, alternatively, the deaeration technology disclosed can be used without resorting to an autoclave treatment, for example in the case where the deaeration step is designed to obtain the desired final level of adhesion. As can be seen in FIG.
- the deaeration station 1 comprises a calender comprising two opposite pressing rollers R1 and R2 serving to press each stack E between them as it passes between the rollers R1 and R2.
- the roller conveyor 2 brings the stacks E between the rollers R1 and R2 preferably continuously at constant speed.
- the rollers R1 and R2 are driven in rotation in a counter-rotating manner at an identical circumferential speed which is preferably equal to the running speed of the roller conveyor 2.
- the rollers R1 and R2 in turn drive the stacks E which, after the rollers R1 and R2, arrive again on the roller conveyor 2 or directly on an unloading station.
- the axes of the rollers R1, R2 are conventionally oriented perpendicular to the direction of travel X of the stacks E on the roller conveyor 2.
- the stacks E scroll conventionally horizontally on the roller conveyor 2 and are placed horizontally on this one.
- a radiation source UV1, respectively UV2, is arranged inside the roller R1, respectively R2. This does not pose any difficulty because the external diameter of the rollers R1 and R2 is generally sufficient, all the more so since the UV sources based on LEDs are not bulky.
- the sources of UV radiation can be arranged in rolls R1 and/or R2 of very different dimensions, for example having an outside diameter of between 200 mm and 3000 mm, more preferably between 350 mm and 2000 mm.
- sources UV1 and UV2 do not rotate with rollers R1 and R2.
- Sources UV1 and UV2 preferably have directional radiation, that is to say that their radiation is not omnidirectional when looking in the direction of the axis of rotation of the roller, but on the contrary it is generally directed in a same direction. They are arranged so as to radiate towards the pressing zone of the stacks E between the two rollers R1, R2.
- the source UV1 serves to make the thermoplastic sheet T adhesive at the interface with the glass sheet V1 of a stack E located on the side of the roller R1 while the source UV2 serves to make the thermoplastic sheet T adhesive at the interface with the glass sheet V2 of a stack E located on the side of the roller R2.
- Each of the sources UV1, UV2 is preferably a strip of UV LEDs. This extends parallel to the axis of the corresponding roller R1, R2. It preferably has a sufficient length to be able to radiate over the entire width of the stacks E which corresponds to the direction perpendicular to the direction of travel X. Alternatively, several strips of UV LEDs arranged parallel side by side can be provided to provide a greater width of radiation in the direction of travel X.
- the circumferential wall of the rollers R1 , R2 has a certain transparency to let the radiation from the corresponding sources UV1, UV2 pass at least partially.
- their circumferential wall can be made of glass or a suitable plastic material with an adequate wall thickness to provide the appropriate mechanical strength.
- the fact that the material constituting the circumferential wall of the rollers R1, R2 absorbs part of the radiation is admissible insofar as the rollers R1, R2 have time to cool during their rotation.
- the complete circumferential wall of the rollers R1, R2 can have this transparency. But as a variant, only part of the circumferential wall of the rollers R1, R2 can have this transparency.
- a central circumferential strip of the circumferential wall of the rolls R1, R2 which is preferably as wide as the stacks E to be treated, can present this transparency continuously on the entire circumference, while the end portions of the circumferential wall on either side of this circumferential strip may be opaque to the radiation from sources UV1, UV2.
- the circumferential wall of the rollers R1, R2 can be covered with a suitable polymeric material to provide a soft contact with the glass sheets V1, V2.
- a polymeric material with a hardness of about 60 shore A is suitable for this purpose.
- This polymeric material is chosen to also allow the radiation from the UV1 or UV2 source of the corresponding roller to pass at least partially.
- PDMS Polydimethylsiloxane
- materials other than PDMS or other thicknesses of PDMS can be used.
- UV LED strips offers the advantage of better process control since the switching on and off of this type of radiation source is extremely fast and can deliver the maximum power in milliseconds, which does not is not the case with IR lamps. Their heating power can be easily adapted to the type of laminated glazing to be deaerated and the system does not need a long warm-up time.
- FIG. stack E during its passage between the rollers R1 and R2, the observation being made in the direction of the axes of rotation of the rollers R1 and R2 as in FIG. 13.
- the contact zone Zc of the roller R1 on the glass sheet V1 has a certain length Lc in the running direction X due to the flexibility of the material on the outside of the roll R1.
- the length Lc is generally of the order of a few centimeters, for example 5 cm, and which depends on the hardness of the coating of the rollers R1, R2, on the pressing force which is applied, as well as on their diameter. .
- the radiation from the source UV1 reaches the outer surface of the glass sheet V1 in an impact zone Zuv having a length Luv in the running direction X.
- the impact zone Zuv be totally or partially comprised in the contact zone Zc, which makes it possible to favor the concomitance between the pressing and the fact that the thermoplastic sheet becomes adhesive under the effect of the heating.
- the fictitious plane P defined by the axes of rotation of the first and second rollers R1, R2 – cf. figure 13 - cuts the Zuv impact zone. Even more advantageously, the fictitious plane P intersects the impact zone Zuv in its middle as shown in FIG. 14. It will be understood that the length Luv of the impact zone Zuv can be less than the length Lc of the contact zone Zc as is the case in FIG. 14. As a variant, the length Luv can be equal to the length Lc, or else the length Luv can be greater than the length Lc.
- the radiation intensity of the source UV1, the length of the impact zone Zuv and the running speed of the stacks E between the rollers R1, R2 in the running direction X are chosen so that the thermoplastic sheet T made of PVB or other reaches the desired surface temperature at the interface with the glass sheet V1 to make it adhesive so that the pressing operated by the rollers R1, R2 causes the thermoplastic sheet to adhere to the glass sheet V1.
- the running speed of the stacks E between the rollers R1, R2 is preferably selected so that a stack E is locally subjected to radiation from the first radiation source UV1 for an exposure time of less than 2 seconds, preferably less than 1 second, more preferably less than 0.5 second and more preferably still less than 0.25 second, or even less than 0.2 second.
- the intensity of the radiation from the UV1 source is chosen accordingly to locally heat the thermoplastic sheet T at its interface with the glass sheet V1 during the exposure time to the point of making it locally adhesive at this interface and allowing the pressing to the stack E by the rollers R1, R2 to cause the thermoplastic sheet T to adhere locally to the glass sheet V1.
- the above considerations concerning the impact zone Zuv with respect to the contact zone Zc, as well as concerning the intensity of the radiation are also applicable with regard to the source UV2 and the roller R2 with respect to the sheet glass V2. These considerations also apply to the variant which will now be described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16.
- FIG. 15 represents a variant of the deaeration station 7 of FIG. now referenced R1a.
- roller R2 can also be replaced by a roller similar to the roller R1a.
- the material of the circumferential wall of roller R1a is opaque to radiation from source UV1. But to allow its radiation to pass, the roller R1a is provided with through openings distributed over the circumference of the circumferential wall. In this case, they are axially extending slots 12 as shown in the top view of Figure 16.
- the slots 12 may be interrupted once, as shown, or several times in the axial direction to provide satisfactory mechanical resistance to the roller R1a. In other words, there may each time be a succession of slots in the axial direction.
- Source UV1 can still be active. In this case, the opaque segments of roller R1a will periodically block the radiation as roller R1a rotates.
- the opaque segments of the roller R1a can be provided with an inclined reflective surface so as to reflect the radiation towards the adjacent slot 12 which is located substantially opposite the stack E.
- the UV1 source can be activated just when a slot 12 is in its alignment in order to radiate directly towards the stack E passing between the rollers R1a, R2. This is possible, since UV LEDs are very fast sources and can reach maximum power in less than 1ms. In addition, since UV LEDs only age when current passes through them, this flashing mode of operation increases their lifespan and avoids thermal losses. If necessary, the slots 12 pass through both the first layer of rigid material and the second layer of flexible material which together form the circumferential wall of the roller R1a.
- the slots 12 only pass through the first opaque layer while the second layer covers the first layer as well as the slots 12 formed in the latter.
- the material of the second layer is chosen to allow the radiation from the UV1 source to pass at least partially.
- the structure of the radiation passage openings which are made in the circumferential wall of the roller R1a.
- the slots 12 can each extend in a respective radial plane of the roller R1a or even helically in the axial direction.
- the openings are made in a circular manner, being distributed over the entire surface of the peripheral wall.
- the present invention is not limited to the examples and to the embodiment described and represented, but it is capable of numerous variants accessible to those skilled in the art.
- the interlayer thermoplastic adhesive sheet may be different from a PVB sheet. It may in particular be sheets of polyurethane (PU), of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), of ionomer such as partially neutralized poly(acrylic acid), for example marketed under the registered trademark SentryGlas® by the company Kuraray alone or in mixtures of several of them.
- PU polyurethane
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
- ionomer such as partially neutralized poly(acrylic acid)
- These polymeric materials can comprise variable contents of plasticizers, and consist of varieties with acoustic attenuation/insulation properties. According to a variant of the embodiment of FIG.
- the UV LED strip UV1 may be replaced by a plurality of such strips fixed side by side over the entire circumference of the circumferential wall inside the roller R1 , R2 concerned, each band extending for example in the axial direction.
- the UV LED strips rotate with the roller R1, R2 concerned.
- the appropriate LEDs of each strip are then preferentially activated when it faces to the stack E while they are all deactivated otherwise as the rotation of the roller R1, R2 concerned.
- the deaeration station 7 can comprise two pairs of successive rollers R1, R2 with a single roller of each pair R1, R2 which is provided with a radiation source and the two rollers provided with a radiation source being arranged on a respective side relative to the stacks E which scroll between the two pairs of rollers R1, R2.
- each of the pairs of rollers is dedicated to bonding and deaerating the thermoplastic sheet T with respect to a respective one of glass sheets V1, V2.
- the UV1 or UV2 radiation sources are not constituted by one or more bands of UV LEDs, but by UV lasers.
- they are replaced by LEDs or lasers or other appropriate sources emitting in the wavelength band between 1.6 and 2.9 ⁇ m and more preferably between 2.2 and 2.7 ⁇ m, and with a spectral width of at most 500 nm, more preferably at most 250 nm, and even more preferably at most 100 nm.
- they are replaced by microwave transmitters, for example between 915 MHz and 2.45 GHz or else radio frequency transmitters, for example between 10 and 40 MHz, this type of source being able, depending on the case, also to be adapted to heat the interlayer thermoplastic sheet.
- the circumferential wall of the rollers R1, R2 is adapted in particular in terms of material to allow the radiation from the selected sources to pass at least partially.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2107064A FR3124761B1 (fr) | 2021-06-30 | 2021-06-30 | procédé d’assemblage d’un vitrage feuilleté et calandre pour la mise en œuvre du procédé |
| PCT/FR2022/051262 WO2023275468A1 (fr) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-24 | Procédé d'assemblage d'un vitrage feuilleté et calandre pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4363216A1 true EP4363216A1 (fr) | 2024-05-08 |
Family
ID=77519301
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22744280.3A Withdrawn EP4363216A1 (fr) | 2021-06-30 | 2022-06-24 | Procédé d'assemblage d'un vitrage feuilleté et calandre pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4363216A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN115768627A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3124761B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023275468A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1988003517A1 (fr) * | 1986-11-06 | 1988-05-19 | Colin Maxwell Finch | Procede et appareil de production d'un stratifie |
| US20070034317A1 (en) | 2004-03-17 | 2007-02-15 | Valdislav Sklyarevich | Method and apparatus for laminating glass sheets |
| WO2008082030A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-30 | 2008-07-10 | Mogem Co., Ltd. | Procédé de fabrication d'une fenêtre pour dispositif d'affichage, fenêtre pour dispositif d'affichage et unité de terminal sans fil comprenant celle-ci |
| KR20130100927A (ko) * | 2010-06-15 | 2013-09-12 | 덴끼 가가꾸 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 투광성 경질 기판 적층체의 제조방법 |
| FR3088577A1 (fr) | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-22 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procede de fabrication d'un vitrage feuillete dont une face au moins de l'empilement des constituants est exposee a un rayonnement de spectre choisi dans deux domaines etroits definis |
-
2021
- 2021-06-30 FR FR2107064A patent/FR3124761B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-06-24 EP EP22744280.3A patent/EP4363216A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2022-06-24 WO PCT/FR2022/051262 patent/WO2023275468A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-06-24 CN CN202280005361.8A patent/CN115768627A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023275468A1 (fr) | 2023-01-05 |
| FR3124761B1 (fr) | 2023-06-30 |
| CN115768627A (zh) | 2023-03-07 |
| FR3124761A1 (fr) | 2023-01-06 |
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