EP4348808A1 - Permanentmagneterregte synchronmaschine - Google Patents
Permanentmagneterregte synchronmaschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP4348808A1 EP4348808A1 EP22730681.8A EP22730681A EP4348808A1 EP 4348808 A1 EP4348808 A1 EP 4348808A1 EP 22730681 A EP22730681 A EP 22730681A EP 4348808 A1 EP4348808 A1 EP 4348808A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- segments
- tangential
- normal
- synchronous machine
- segment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
- H02K1/2783—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets with magnets arranged in Halbach arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
- H02K21/16—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having annular armature cores with salient poles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
Definitions
- the invention relates to a permanent-magnet synchronous machine according to the preamble of patent claim 1 .
- Permanent magnet synchronous machines allow high power and torque densities and are used, for example, in electrical drives for aviation.
- surface magnets with high saturation polarization e.g. Nd-Fe-B magnets
- Mallison- Halbach arrays are used in the rotor of such machines, also because of various other advantages.
- This spatial configuration of permanent magnets with different directions of magnetization (polarization) often referred to only as a Halbach array, concentrates the flux on one side of the array and largely eliminates the field on the other side.
- a feature of this configuration is the fact that the array allows for higher flux densities than the individual components of the array because of the resulting superposition of the field lines.
- a disadvantage of a magnet arrangement with a Halbach array is that due to the rotating orientation of the magnetization vectors, mounting the magnet bars in Circumferential direction is made more difficult by the forces of attraction and repulsion.
- An alternative magnetization of the pre-oriented magnet bars after the rotor assembly (shooting with a very strong field strength between the poles) requires special expensive tools and carries the risk of changing the magnetization at the neighboring poles.
- the object of the invention is to improve the attachment of the surface magnets to the rotor in permanent-magnet synchronous machines with Halbach arrays.
- the present invention considers a permanent magnet excited synchronous machine that has a stator and a rotor that rotates about a longitudinal axis adjacent to the stator.
- the rotor has a plurality of surface magnets which are arranged along the circumference of the rotor.
- the surface magnets are designed as Halbach arrays, each Having tangential segments in which the magnetization direction is predominantly oriented in the circumferential direction, and normal segments in which the magnetization direction is predominantly oriented in the radial direction or counter to the radial direction.
- the tangential segments in the field of the stator experience a radially inward force and the normal segments experience a radially outward force.
- the tangential segments and the normal segments are shaped in such a way that the tangential segments partially compensate for the forces directed radially outwards on the normal segments by means of the forces directed radially inwards on the tangential segments by form locking.
- the invention is based on the idea of using the radially inwardly directed forces acting on the tangential segments in order to counteract the radially outwardly directed forces of the normal segments by means of a form fit. Due to the form fit, there is a radially inwardly directed force transmission from the tangential segments to the normal segments, so that the resulting forces on the normal segments are partially compensated, while the flow-concentrating effect of the Falbach arrangement is retained. In this way, the total forces acting on the surface magnets are homogenized, so that the total required retaining force and thus the requirements for the required magnet positioning and retaining devices, such as bandages, can be reduced.
- Another advantage associated with the invention is that the invention also simplifies the non-trivial assembly of the magnetic rods of a Falbach array on the rotor due to the high magnetic forces, by preventing the already assembled rods from moving due to the positive fit and thereby complicate assembly devices and processes can be simplified. The manufacturing effort can thus be reduced.
- One embodiment of the invention provides that the tangential segments and the normal segments each have two lateral flanks in a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the rotor, with a form fit being provided between a tangential segment and a normal segment in that the flanks of the tangential segment that adjoin one another in the circumferential direction and the normal segment adjoin one another in a form-fitting manner in such a way that a relative movement in the radial direction is blocked.
- the form fit is thus provided by the adjacent flanks of the tangential segment and the normal segment.
- flanks of the tangential segment and the normal segment that adjoin one another in the circumferential direction have an alignment that deviates from a strictly radial alignment.
- the force acting radially inward on the tangential segments can be used to reduce the effective force on the normal segments.
- flanks of the tangential segment and the normal segment which adjoin one another in the circumferential direction run flat, parallel and at the same time obliquely to the radial direction, with the width of the
- Tangential segment increases in the radial direction and the width of the normal segment decreases in the radial direction.
- the inclined alignment of the flanks automatically provides a form fit.
- An overall planar design of the flanks is associated with the advantage of a simple open position of the outer contour of the tangential segments and the normal segments.
- flanks run obliquely to the radial direction in such a way that the angle between the flanks and the radial direction is in the range between 1° and 10°. The angle therefore does not have to be large in order to provide a positive fit.
- flanks of two tangential segments and the circumferentially adjacent flanks of two normal segments can therefore extend in the radial direction, but can alternatively also run at an angle to the radial direction, for example if it is easier to bevel both flanks of a segment for manufacturing reasons.
- Included design variants of the invention provide that at least two normal segments adjoin one another within a Halbach array.
- flanks of the tangential segment and the normal segment which adjoin one another in the circumferential direction form projections and indentations which provide a form fit and prevent relative movement between the tangential segment and the normal segment in the radial direction.
- the solution according to the invention applies in principle to any Falbach array with any number of segments, as long as there are at least three segments.
- An exemplary embodiment provides that the Falbach arrays have two tangential segments and two normal segments per magnetic pole, it being possible for the two normal segments to directly adjoin one another in the circumferential direction and be delimited by the two tangential segments on both sides. Provision can also be made for two magnetic poles formed by Falbach arrays to be arranged directly adjacent to one another as a pair of magnetic poles in the circumferential direction.
- One embodiment provides that the direction of the magnetization changes by a fixed angle of, for example, 60° between two adjacent segments of the Falbach array.
- a further embodiment of the invention provides that the surface magnets, which are arranged along the circumference of the rotor, are fixed on the rotor without a layer of adhesive. This is made possible by the fact that a movement of the surface magnets is prevented by the form fit provided according to the invention between the tangential segments and normal segments. It is then sufficient, for example, for a bandage to fix the surface magnets on the outer circumference of the rotor.
- the omission of an adhesive layer has the advantage of improved heat conduction from the surface magnets into the rotor, since an adhesive layer typically has a significant thermal resistance.
- stator of the electrical machine comprises segmented stator coils which are designed as single-tooth coils.
- stator can be implemented in any way with stator coils and with any winding technique.
- the synchronous machine is designed as a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
- the stator is equipped with coils, while external surface magnets are attached to the rotor.
- the AC voltage is applied to the stator coils.
- the synchronous machine according to the invention can be implemented in connection with a large number of design principles, for example as a radial flux machine (with an orientation of the normal vector of the middle air gap area in the radial direction), an axial flux machine (with an orientation of the normal vector of the middle air gap area in the axial direction) or a transverse flux machine (with an axial or radial air gap orientation) be formed.
- a radial flux machine with an orientation of the normal vector of the middle air gap area in the radial direction
- an axial flux machine with an orientation of the normal vector of the middle air gap area in the axial direction
- a transverse flux machine with an axial or radial air gap orientation
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a Halbach array which includes tangential segments and normal segments
- FIG. 3 shows a first exemplary embodiment of a Halbach array, which comprises tangential segments and normal segments, a tangential segment and a normal segment each adjoining one another in a form-fitting manner, with the form-fitting being provided by the alignment of the flanks;
- FIG. 4 shows the Halbach array of FIG. 3 with an additional representation of the normal forces acting on the individual segments
- FIG. 5 shows a section of an electric motor with a rotor and a stator, the rotor having surface magnets in the form of a Falbach array according to FIGS. 3 and 4;
- Figure 7 shows another embodiment of a Falbach array
- Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of an electric motor having a rotor
- the electric motor comprises a rotor 1 and a stator 2.
- the stator 2 has a multiplicity of winding cores 20 onto which coils (not shown) are wound.
- the rotor 1 is arranged inside the stator 2 and rotates about a longitudinal axis 3, which defines an axial direction.
- a radial direction r is perpendicular to the axial direction.
- the rotor 2 has a large number of permanent magnets which are arranged as surface magnets 11 , 12 on the outside of the rotor 2 .
- Two surface magnets 11, 12 that are adjacent in the circumferential direction each have different poles and together form a magnetic circuit with a magnetic flux density B.
- An air gap d which is not shown to scale, is formed between the stator 1 and the rotor 2 .
- the surface magnets 11, 12 have a radial flea h m .
- the surface magnets 11, 12 are fixed to the outer periphery of the rotor 1 by an unillustrated magnet positioning and retaining device.
- Such includes, for example, a bandage formed by a glass, metal or carbon fiber sleeve. Such a bandage reduces the air gap d.
- the torque increases in a first approximation linearly with the amplitude of the fundamental flux density wave in the air gap. This in turn is hyperbolically dependent on the ratio of the air gap height d and the magnet height h m . In order to achieve the highest possible torque density of the machine, this ratio must be minimized. While an increase in the magnet height is limited in terms of increasing the torque density due to the relatively heavy permanent magnet material, the air gap height can be reduced within the framework of the mechanical limitations to ensure a minimum distance between stator and rotor under all operating conditions.
- the reduction of the air gap height (depending on the application in the range of several tenths of a millimeter to a few millimeters) is opposed to the possible deformation of the bearings, the shaft, the rotor and the stator, the space that may be required for the magnet positioning and retaining device.
- a reduction in such a space requirement should be aimed for, since such a reduction and a corresponding adjustment of the air gap height lead directly to an increase in torque.
- the magnet height and thus the mass can be reduced for constant torque density.
- the space required for a magnet positioning and retaining device can be reduced by reducing the forces that such a magnet positioning and retaining device must be able to retain.
- Figures 1 to 4 explain this a first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a Halbach array 4, which consists of eight segments PM 1 to PM 8 adjoining one another in the circumferential direction.
- Four segments PM 1 to PM 4 or PM 5 to PM 8 each form a magnetic pole 41, 42 and the eight segments together form a pole pair.
- Several such Halbach arrays 4 are arranged in the circumferential direction of a rotor. For example, at least two pole pairs are provided over the full circle of 360°, with the number of pole pairs also being able to be significantly higher, for example 30.
- the segments PM 1 to PM 8 each have a magnetization M, which differs from segment to segment in accordance with the design as a Halbach array 4 .
- the direction of magnetization M of the individual segments rotates by 60° from segment to segment. It is provided that some of the segments, namely the segments PM 1 , PM 4 , PM 5 , PM 8 have a magnetization M which is predominantly aligned in the circumferential direction. These segments are called tangent segments.
- the other segments PM 2, PM 3, PM 6, PM 7 have a magnetization M, which is predominantly aligned in the radial direction (ie in the radial direction or counter to the radial direction). These segments are called normal segments.
- Each of the segments PM 1 to PM 8 has two side flanks 51, 52, the right flank being denoted by the reference numeral 51 and the left flank by the reference numeral 52 in the illustration in FIG. Since the adjoining flanks 51, 52 of two adjacent segments are planar, run parallel and lie against one another, they are represented in the representation of FIG. 1 by only one line. The situation is such that the lateral flanks 51, 52 each run in the radial direction.
- FIG. 2 shows the magnetic normal forces acting on the individual segments PM 1 to PM 8 in the field of a stator (corresponding to stator 2 in FIG. 8).
- the forces that are either directed radially inwards or directed radially outwards are referred to as magnetic normal forces.
- the normal forces acting on the tangential segments PM1, PM4, PM5, PM8 are negative, ie are directed radially inwards.
- the normal forces acting on the normal segments PM 2, PM 3, PM 6, PM 7 are positive, ie they are directed radially outwards.
- the curve 15 indicates the sum of these forces, which is of course positive.
- a three-phase short circuit was simulated from a rotor position of 24°. In a way, this represents another operational case to consider when designing a magnet positioning and restraint device.
- the normal forces and thus also the cumulative curve 15 decrease significantly in the event of a short circuit. It is important that even in the event of a short circuit, the normal forces are positive for the normal segments PM 2, PM 3, PM 6, PM 7 and negative for the tangential segments PM1, PM 4, PM 5, PM 8, so that qualitatively with regard to the ratio of the individual normal forces does not change. It should also be noted that the sum of the normal forces according to curve 15 does not increase or does not increase substantially, so that in this respect there are no increased requirements for a magnet positioning and restraint device in the event of a short circuit.
- FIG. 3 shows a Halbach array 4 that has been modified compared to the Halbach array of FIG. 1 with regard to the alignment of the lateral flanks 51, 52 of the individual segments. It is provided that in the event that a tangential segment PM1, PM 4, PM 5, PM 8 and a normal segment PM 2, PM 3, PM 6, PM 7 adjoin each other, the adjoining flanks 51a, 52a, 51b , 52b of the tangential segment and normal segment have an alignment that deviates from a strictly radial alignment.
- flank 51a of the tangential segment PM 8 runs at an angle to the radial direction, which is also shown merely for comparison.
- the flank 52a of the adjacent normal segment PM 7 runs obliquely to the radial direction.
- the angle a of the deviation relative to the radial direction is in the range between 1° and 10°, for example.
- the width of the tangential segment (where the width relates to the circumferential direction) increases in the radial direction r, while the width of the normal segment PM 7 decreases in the radial direction r.
- flanks 51, 52 run in the radial direction between two tangential segments or between two normal segments, for example between the normal segments PM 7, PM 8 and between the tangential segments PM 5, PM 4.
- the adjacent flanks 51b, 52b again run obliquely to the radial direction, with the width of the normal segment PM 6 decreasing in the radial direction and the width of the tangential segment PM 5 in radial direction increases.
- This shape provides a form fit between the tangential segments and the normal segments. This positive locking causes the normal forces directed radially outwards on the normal segments to be partially compensated by means of the normal forces directed radially inwards on the tangential segments.
- FIG. 4 also shows the forces that act on the individual segments PM 1 to PM 8 .
- the normal forces acting on the tangential segments PM1, PM 4, PM 5, PM 8 - Fn negative, while the normal forces +Fn acting on the normal forces PM 2, PM 3, PM 6, PM 7 are positive.
- the negative force -Fn which acts on the tangential segments, is used to transfer this force from the tangential segments to the normal segments.
- the form fit can be provided, as shown, by slight geometric adjustments to the magnet segments, with the illustration in FIGS. 3 and 4 not being to scale.
- the resulting Normal force can be reduced to about 2/3 of the original force.
- centrifugal forces can be less than or approximately the same as the effective magnetic forces.
- FIG. 5 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a Halbach array 4 according to the invention.
- the air gap d between the rotor 1 and the stator 2 is also shown.
- Halbach arrays 4 are arranged in the circumferential direction in accordance with FIG. Adjacent tangential segments and normal segments have flanks 51a, 52a, 51b, 52b running obliquely to the radial direction, which provide a form fit between the tangential segments and the normal segments, which reduces the resulting total forces.
- the four lower curves which are associated with a negative normal force, i.e. a radially inward force, relate to the four tangential segments.
- the four upper curves which are associated with a positive normal force, relate to the four normal segments of the Halbach array in FIG directed forces partially compensated.
- the forces on the restraint device are homogenized, since the same effective normal forces act on all segments around the circumference of the rotor due to the inclined flanks or contact surfaces between the segments. In the case of a bandage, for example, this can further reduce the requirements for design and production, since no stress peaks, for example in the case of the smallest elastic displacements, are to be expected due to uneven force distribution.
- the negative forces on the tangential segments are similar in magnitude to the positive forces on the normal segments.
- the solution according to the invention can also simplify the assembly of the magnetic rods on the rotor, which is otherwise nontrivial due to the high magnetic forces, by preventing the already assembled rods from moving due to the positive fit, thereby simplifying complicated assembly devices and processes.
- FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the form fit between the tangential segments and the normal segments is not provided by flanks which run obliquely to the radial direction and are otherwise plane, but rather by projections or indentations 6 on the adjacent flanks 51c, 52c.
- FIG. 7 is only schematic and an example of a flank profile in which the flanks of the adjoining tangential segment and normal segment do not provide a form fit by deviating from a radial alignment, but by protrusions or indentations or convex areas or concave areas. a protrusion/convex area in one segment naturally being accompanied by an indentation/concave area in the neighboring segment.
- the number of segments per magnetic pole is not equal to four and is, for example, only three segments or more than four segments.
- the number of segments per magnetic pole is not equal to four and is, for example, only three segments or more than four segments.
- there is an even greater influence of the restraining force of the tangential segments since two tangential segments each partially compensate the radially outward force on a normal segment.
- the synchronous machine described is designed as an axial flux machine instead of as a radial flux machine.
- the centrifugal force acts normal to the magnetic forces, so that the full potential of the load reduction according to the invention can be used in the axial direction.
- an increase in the static friction force against movement in the axial direction can additionally be brought about by a similar shaping in the radial direction.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021113775.6A DE102021113775A1 (de) | 2021-05-27 | 2021-05-27 | Permanentmagneterregte Synchronmaschine |
| PCT/EP2022/063406 WO2022248300A1 (de) | 2021-05-27 | 2022-05-18 | Permanentmagneterregte synchronmaschine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4348808A1 true EP4348808A1 (de) | 2024-04-10 |
Family
ID=82067658
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22730681.8A Withdrawn EP4348808A1 (de) | 2021-05-27 | 2022-05-18 | Permanentmagneterregte synchronmaschine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240258850A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4348808A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021113775A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022248300A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3334254A (en) * | 1965-06-03 | 1967-08-01 | Garrett Corp | Dynamoelectric machine |
| US5280209A (en) * | 1989-11-14 | 1994-01-18 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Permanent magnet structure for use in electric machinery |
| JPH1042531A (ja) * | 1996-05-24 | 1998-02-13 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 電動機 |
| JP2002354721A (ja) * | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-06 | Hitachi Ltd | 永久磁石式回転子を備えた回転電機 |
| JP2004350427A (ja) * | 2003-05-22 | 2004-12-09 | Denso Corp | 回転電機とその回転子 |
| US7228616B2 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2007-06-12 | General Electric Company | System and method for magnetization of permanent magnet rotors in electrical machines |
| US8446121B1 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2013-05-21 | The Boeing Company | High performance actuator motor |
| CN104321952B (zh) * | 2012-05-22 | 2017-07-28 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 永磁体埋入型旋转电机 |
| DE112014000526B4 (de) | 2013-01-23 | 2018-03-01 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Rotor und drehende elektrische Maschine, die diesen Rotor enthält |
| US10491069B2 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2019-11-26 | Greentech Motors Corporation | Electric motor with laminated sheet windings |
| CN105429411B (zh) | 2015-11-27 | 2019-05-24 | 北京兴华机械厂 | 一种Halbach磁钢结构永磁同步电机及装配方法 |
| CN105305756A (zh) | 2015-11-30 | 2016-02-03 | 河南理工大学 | 凸极halbach复合永磁旋转电机 |
| CN107070031B (zh) * | 2017-05-15 | 2020-07-14 | 华中科技大学 | 一种转子、定子及多工作谐波永磁电机 |
| CN113519105B (zh) * | 2019-03-28 | 2024-06-28 | 大金工业株式会社 | 转子和旋转电机 |
| US12040677B2 (en) | 2019-09-27 | 2024-07-16 | Portland State University | Electromagnetic configurations and assembly methods for a Halbach rotor magnetic gear |
| CN110971099A (zh) | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-07 | 江苏大学 | 一种定子无铁心Halbach阵列无轴承永磁同步电机 |
| CN112350463A (zh) | 2020-12-14 | 2021-02-09 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 一种新型的永磁同步电机结构 |
-
2021
- 2021-05-27 DE DE102021113775.6A patent/DE102021113775A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2022
- 2022-05-18 US US18/564,393 patent/US20240258850A1/en active Pending
- 2022-05-18 WO PCT/EP2022/063406 patent/WO2022248300A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-05-18 EP EP22730681.8A patent/EP4348808A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20240258850A1 (en) | 2024-08-01 |
| DE102021113775A1 (de) | 2022-12-01 |
| WO2022248300A1 (de) | 2022-12-01 |
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