EP4329992A1 - Verfahren und system zum koordinierten abfahren vorgegebener roboterbahnen - Google Patents
Verfahren und system zum koordinierten abfahren vorgegebener roboterbahnenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4329992A1 EP4329992A1 EP22718182.3A EP22718182A EP4329992A1 EP 4329992 A1 EP4329992 A1 EP 4329992A1 EP 22718182 A EP22718182 A EP 22718182A EP 4329992 A1 EP4329992 A1 EP 4329992A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- coordinate axis
- robot
- path
- collision
- free
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1656—Program controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators
- B25J9/1664—Program controls characterised by programming, planning systems for manipulators characterised by motion, path, trajectory planning
- B25J9/1666—Avoiding collision or forbidden zones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1679—Program controls characterised by the tasks executed
- B25J9/1682—Dual arm manipulator; Coordination of several manipulators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/39—Robotics, robotics to robotics hand
- G05B2219/39135—For multiple manipulators operating at same time, avoid collision
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for traversing a first predetermined path with a first robot and a coordinated traversing of at least a second predetermined path with a second robot, these at least two robots having maximum working spaces that at least partially overlap one another, and a system and computer program product for Implementation of a method described here.
- Robots often have at least partially overlapping maximum working spaces, for example on assembly lines or the like. If such robots are to follow predetermined paths, collisions can be avoided in particular by following the paths in a correspondingly coordinated manner.
- a robot which is referred to as the first robot without loss of generality, and one or more other robots, which is/are referred to accordingly as the second robot(s), are provided, in particular planned or available or installed .
- the robots each have a robot arm with at least three, in particular at least six, joints, in one embodiment swivel joints, and can in particular consist of these.
- the present invention is particularly advantageous due to the kinematics and/or conditions of use and/or purposes of such robots (arms), without being restricted thereto.
- the first and second robot(s) have at least partially overlapping maximum working spaces, i.e. they can potentially collide with each other.
- paths are specified for the robots, in particular geometrically, in one embodiment paths of robot-fixed references, for example a TCP or end flange, and/or in Cartesian space. These paths are correspondingly referred to as the first path (of the first robot) and second path (of the (respective) second robot) without loss of generality.
- a coordination space discretized in cells is used or provided for the coordinated traversing of the first and second specified path(s), with coordinate axis values of a first coordinate axis of this coordination space determining poses of the first robot along specified path segments of the first path and Coordinate axis values of a second coordinate axis or a plurality of second coordinate axes of the coordination space are associated with (respective) poses of the (respective) second robot along predetermined path segments of the (respective) second path.
- the coordination space has three coordinate axes, with coordinate axis values of a first coordinate axis of the coordination space posing poses of a first of the robots along predetermined path segments of its predetermined first trajectory, coordinate axis values of a second coordinate axis of the coordination space posing poses of a second of the robots along predetermined ones Path segments of its predetermined second path and coordinate axis values of a third or further second coordinate axis of the coordination space are assigned poses of a third or further second of the robots along predetermined path segments of its predetermined (further) second path.
- a method for the coordinated traversing of the specified paths has the following steps:
- first coordinate axis sections adjoin one another without overlapping and cover the entire first path and/or adjoin the predetermined path segments of the first path without overlapping and form the entire first web.
- second coordinate axis sections adjoin each other without overlapping and cover the entire second track and/or adjoin the predetermined track segments of the second track without overlapping and form the entire second track.
- the determination of a collision-free coordinated movement of the at least two robots along the specified paths by avoiding cells of the coordination space delimited by collision sections can include, in particular, that a path from a (starting) point of the coordination space, which is the beginning of the first and second path ( en) is assigned to an (end) point of the coordination space, which is assigned to the end of the first and second track(s), is searched for or constructed, which avoids or does not pass through cells of the coordination space delimited by collision sections through such cells, but at most along their edges, in one embodiment only movements along the coordinate axes in the direction from the starting point to the end point are permitted and/or the shortest possible path is determined.
- the coordinated movement of the at least two robots can include the determination of a common walking parameter, in one embodiment the time, as well as an assignment or mapping of this walking parameter to coordinate axis values and path points bijectively assigned to them.
- the traversing of predetermined paths with robots that have at least partially overlapping maximum workspaces can be improved, in particular collisions can be avoided easily, reliably, intuitively and/or, in particular numerically, cheaply, in particular by a particularly advantageous, in particular numerically advantageous and/or intuitive for the user, discretization of the coordination space, which in particular takes into account the fact that small movements of large robot segments can imply similar effects as large movements of small robot segments.
- a potential collision can be advantageously, in particular easily, reliably and/or numerically detected or checked, in particular by assuming or using that the first robot within the respective first coordinate axis section is at most the specified maximum allowable Cartesian misalignment.
- a maximum (allowed Cartesian offset of a robot) is understood here in particular as the (allowed or specified) maximum of all paths of all surface points of the robot or an estimate, in particular a supremum or an estimate upwards or upper limit
- the maximum displacement for a rotation from qb to qa is l ⁇
- one or more collision-free second coordinate axis sections are determined for one or more of the first coordinate axis sections based on a minimum Cartesian distance of the second robot at the start of this second coordinate axis section from the first robot at the start of this first coordinate axis section.
- a minimum Cartesian distance of a robot from another robot is in particular the minimum of all distances between a surface point of one robot and a surface point of the other robot or an estimate, in particular a supremum or an estimate upwards or upper limit , understood for this.
- a potential collision can be detected or checked in a particularly advantageous manner, in particular in a particularly simple, reliable and/or numerically favorable manner, in particular by assuming or using that the distance to the first robot is within the respective first coordinate axis section, starting from its pose at the beginning of this first coordinate axis section, can change at most by the specified maximum permissible Cartesian offset.
- fine discretizations and/or discretization errors can be avoided or reduced in a complex manner.
- At least one collision-free second coordinate axis section is calculated for the or one or more of these first coordinate axis sections on the basis of a minimum Cartesian distance of the second robot at the end of this second coordinate axis section to the first robot at the beginning of this first coordinate axis section and a maximum Cartesian offset of the second robot between the beginning and end of this second coordinate axis section. This is based on the finding that the second robot only has its maximum Cartesian offset available to reduce its distance from the obstacle at the beginning and end of the second coordinate axis section, so that a second coordinate axis section can be determined or classified as collision-free if the minimum Cartesian Distance of the second robot at the beginning or end of the second coordinate axis section to the first robot is sufficiently large.
- At least one second coordinate axis section is determined to be collision-free (the second coordinate axis section) if the maximum Cartesian offset of the second robot between the start and end of the second coordinate axis section is less than a threshold value, which in one embodiment depends on the minimum Cartesian distance of the second robot at the beginning of this second coordinate axis section to the first robot at the beginning of the corresponding first coordinate axis section and/or the minimum Cartesian distance of the second robot at the end of this second coordinate axis section to the first robot at the beginning of the corresponding first coordinate axis section.
- At least one second coordinate axis section is determined as collision-free (second coordinate axis section) if the minimum Cartesian distance of the second robot at the start of this second coordinate axis section from the first robot at the start of the corresponding first coordinate axis section is greater than a threshold value, which is depends on the predetermined maximum allowable Cartesian offset of the first robot. This is based on the finding that the first robot, starting from the start of a first coordinate axis section, can approach the specified maximum permissible Cartesian offset at most, so that a collision can be ruled out at a sufficiently large distance at the beginning.
- a potential collision can be detected or checked particularly advantageously, particularly easily, reliably and/or numerically cheaply, in particular by assuming or using that a change in the distance between the first and second robots by the maximum Cartesian displacement of the second robot.
- fine discretizations and/or discretization errors can be avoided or reduced in a complex manner.
- At least one excluded second coordinate axis section is defined as a coordinate axis section from the start of the path segment to a start of a collision-free second coordinate axis section and/or at least one excluded second coordinate axis section as a coordinate axis section Coordinate axis section from one end of a collision-free second coordinate axis section to the end of the path segment and/or at least one excluded second coordinate axis section determined as a coordinate axis section from one end of a collision-free second coordinate axis section to a beginning of a further collision-free second coordinate axis section.
- methods can be advantageously used that guarantee freedom from collisions for certain coordinate axis sections, in an embodiment in which a section for which freedom from collisions cannot be guaranteed is first considered or identified as an excluded second coordinate axis section, and then a part, in particular at the beginning - or end section, this section is reduced successively, in particular iteratively, until freedom from collisions can be guaranteed for this part. The remainder is then determined as an excluded coordinate axis section, the part for which freedom from collision can be guaranteed as a collision-free coordinate axis section.
- the first coordinate axis is iteratively discretized into first coordinate axis sections and/or the second coordinate axis is iteratively discretized into collision-free and excluded second coordinate axis sections, in particular collision-free and/or excluded second ones Coordinate axis sections determined iteratively.
- an iteration for or during the discretization of the first coordinate axis into first coordinate axis sections is terminated on the basis of a predetermined minimum Cartesian offset to be carried out of the first robot and/or an iteration for or during the discretization of the second coordinate axis is terminated on the basis of a predetermined minimum Cartesian offset to be carried out of the second robot terminated.
- the path segments of the first and/or second path are specified as so-called point-to-point (“PTP”) paths, in which all joints of the respective robot are adjusted synchronously in such a way that they simultaneously reach their end position or linearly interpolate between the joint positions at the beginning and end of a path segment.
- PTP point-to-point
- the method includes the step: carrying out the determined collision-free coordinated movement of the at least two robots to travel the first and second specified path in a coordinated manner, in particular by appropriate programming and/or (on)control of the robots.
- a system in particular hardware and/or software, in particular programming, is set up to carry out a method described here and/or has:
- system or its means(s) has:
- Means for carrying out the determined collision-free coordinated movement of the at least two robots for the coordinated traversing of the first and second specified path in particular corresponding programming and/or controlling of the robots.
- a particular minimum Cartesian distance of the second robot from the first robot is determined or assigned by the system or its means means for determining an in particular minimum Cartesian distance of the second robot from the first robot, in particular at the beginning and/or end of a coordinate axis section and/or at one or more points in between.
- one or more of the collision-free second coordinate axis sections and/or excluded second coordinate axis sections are determined or the system or its(s)
- the safety distance is greater than zero and/or is added to a maximum permissible Cartesian offset.
- a means within the meaning of the present invention can be designed in terms of hardware and/or software, in particular a processing, in particular microprocessor unit (CPU), graphics card (GPU) or the like, and/or have one or more programs or program modules.
- the processing unit can be designed to process commands that are implemented as a program stored in a memory system, to detect input signals from a data bus and/or to output output signals to a data bus.
- a storage system can have one or more, in particular different, storage media, in particular optical, magnetic, solid-state and/or other non-volatile media.
- the program can be designed in such a way that it embodies or is able to execute the methods described here, so that the processing unit can execute the steps of such methods and thus in particular can program and/or control the robots.
- a computer program product can have, in particular be a, in particular non-volatile, storage medium for storing a program or with a program stored thereon, with the execution of this program causing a system or a controller, in particular a computer, to carry out the method described here or one or more of its steps.
- one or more, in particular all, steps of the method are carried out fully or partially automatically, in particular by the system or its means.
- the system includes the robots.
- FIG. 1 shows a system according to an embodiment of the present invention with a first and a second robot
- FIG. 2 shows a method for the coordinated traversing of a first predetermined path with the first robot and a second predetermined path with the second robot according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Fig. 3 a coordination space used in this case.
- Fig. 1 shows a first robot 10 and a second robot 20 whose maximum working spaces at least partially overlap, one through two PTP paths [PTP 1,1 , PTP 1,2 ] and [PTP 1,2 , PTP 1,3 ] First path of the first robot 10 predetermined in segments and a second path of the second robot 20 predetermined in segments by two PTP paths [PTP 2,1 , PTP 2,2 ] and [PTP 2,2 , PTP 2,3 ] as well as a controller 30 for carrying out a method described here, which FIG. 2 shows.
- FIG. 3 shows a coordination space used, in the exemplary embodiment in the form of a two-dimensional coordination map with a horizontal first coordinate axis and a vertical second coordinate axis.
- the maximum Cartesian offset ⁇ (q 1 ,i,a , q 1 ,i,b ) of the first robot between two coordinate axis values q 1 ,i,a , q 1 ,i,b can in particular be calculated using one of the methods described by Schwarzer et al. , "Exact Collision Checking of Robot Paths", can be estimated or determined in another way.
- ⁇ (q 1 ,i,a , q 1 ,i,b ) ⁇ maxDisp 1 is checked for potential first coordinate axis sections [q 1 ,i,a , q 1 ,i,b ], starting with [q 1 ,i,s , q 1 ,i,e ].
- the entire first coordinate axis is completely covered from the coordinate axis value assigned to the starting point of the first path to the coordinate axis value assigned to the end point of the first path with non-overlapping, adjoining first coordinate axis sections, within which the maximum Cartesian offset of the first robot is smaller or smaller is equal to the specified maximum allowable Cartesian offset maxDisp 1 .
- step S10 first coordinate axis sections [q 1 ,1,s , q 1,1,1 ] ,..., [q 1 ,2,n , q 1,2,e ] determined the corresponding section of the second coordinate axis of the coordination space in Collision-free second coordinate axis sections and excluded second coordinate axis sections of potential collisions are discretized and thereby permissible or traversable and impermissible or impermissible cells are formed for determining a collision-free coordinated movement.
- the first robot is considered or assumed at the beginning of the respective first coordinate axis section and is viewed as a static obstacle for the second robot, so to speak, with movements of the first robot while the second robot is driving through the respective section of the second coordinate axis being specified maximum permissible Cartesian offset maxDisp 1 are taken into account, which was taken as a basis for the discretization in the first coordinate axis sections.
- a coordinate axis value q 2,i, s is assigned to the beginning of the respective path segment i of the second path and a coordinate axis value q 2,i,e to the end of this path segment, for example PTP 2,3 the coordinate axis value q 2,2,e .
- ⁇ (q 2,i,s , q 2,i,e ) it is checked whether ⁇ (q 2,i,s , q 2,i,e ) ⁇ [dist(q 2,i,s ) + dist( q 2,i,e ) - 2-(minDist + maxDisp 1 )], where dist(q 2,x ) denotes the minimum Cartesian distance of the second robot at the coordinate axis value q 2,x to the first robot at the beginning of the respective first coordinate axis section and minDist denotes a specified safety distance.
- the entire section [q 2 ,i,s , q 2,i,e ] forms the (single) collision-free second coordinate axis section for the corresponding first coordinate axis section and the corresponding path segment i of the second path.
- a coordinate axis value q 2,i,f is sought iteratively or by means of interval nesting, for which freedom from collisions is guaranteed in section [q 2,i,s, q 2,i,f ], for example ⁇ (q 2,i,s , q 2,i,f ) ⁇ [dist(q 2,i,s ) + dist( q 2,i,f ) - 2*(minDist + maxDisp 1 )] is fulfilled, in one embodiment with the largest possible Cartesian offset ⁇ (q 2,i,s , q 2,i,f ) and/or abortion of the iteration or interval nesting when falling below a predetermined minimum Cartesian offset minDisp to be carried out in an interval nesting or iteration (progress) step.
- the remaining section [q 2,i,f , q 2,i,e ] is initially assumed to be the excluded second coordinate axis section.
- q 2,i,f is successively increased to q 2,i,f' by means of interval nesting and each time it is checked whether [q 2,i,f ,, q 2,i,e ] is collision-free, in one embodiment, by checking whether dist(q 2,i,f ,) > [minDist + maxDisp 1 ], where again minDisp can be used as a criterion for stopping this interval nesting or iteration.
- the section [q 2,i,f , q 2,i,f ,] is evaluated as excluded second coordinate axis section and the subsequent section [q 2,i,f ,, q 2,i,e ] determined or defined as a further collision-free second coordinate axis section, in each case for the corresponding first coordinate axis section and the corresponding path segment of the second path, otherwise remains the remaining section [q 2,i,f , q 2,i,e ] altogether an excluded second coordinate axis section.
- the entire section [q 2,i,s , q 2,i,e ] forms the (only) excluded second coordinate axis section for the corresponding first coordinate axis section and the corresponding orbital segment i of the second orbit.
- Figure 3 illustrates this by hatching the cells delimited by a collision section, the detected movement of the two robots by a bold solid line. You can see from the free column on the left that the second robot can move along its second path in any way as long as the first robot is in the first section of its first path, and correspondingly from the free column on the right that the second robot can move in any direction along its second path as soon as the first robot is in the last section of its first path. In between, after a first section and a last section of the second web (cf. free upper and lower rows in Fig. 3)
- a step S40 the determined collision-free coordinated movement of the two robots 10, 20 is carried out for the coordinated traversing of the first and second specified path.
- the method can also be used analogously with more than one second robot, whereby in one embodiment cells are determined for a first second robot as described above, and for a further second robot in the manner described above for these cells its further second coordinate axis of the Coordination space is discretized accordingly into collision-free and excluded second coordinate axis sections with the first and the first second robot, and for further second robots in an analogous manner for the cells determined for the robots already considered in each case its further second coordinate axis of the coordination space accordingly in with these already considered robots collision-free and excluded second coordinate axis sections is discretized.
- Reference character list
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021204148.5A DE102021204148B3 (de) | 2021-04-27 | 2021-04-27 | Verfahren und System zum koordinierten Abfahren vorgegebener Roboterbahnen |
| PCT/EP2022/057931 WO2022228792A1 (de) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-03-25 | Verfahren und system zum koordinierten abfahren vorgegebener roboterbahnen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4329992A1 true EP4329992A1 (de) | 2024-03-06 |
Family
ID=81385052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22718182.3A Pending EP4329992A1 (de) | 2021-04-27 | 2022-03-25 | Verfahren und system zum koordinierten abfahren vorgegebener roboterbahnen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4329992A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021204148B3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022228792A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115157264B (zh) * | 2022-08-03 | 2023-09-29 | 法奥意威(苏州)机器人系统有限公司 | 机器人控制方法、装置、协作机器人及可读存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19625637A1 (de) | 1996-06-26 | 1998-01-02 | Brink Carsten Dipl Ing Ten | Kollisionsvermeidung und Trajektorienplanung beim Mehrroboterbetrieb mit Hilfe von Kollisionsbereichen |
| DE102008013400B4 (de) | 2008-03-06 | 2016-03-10 | Voith Engineering Services Gmbh | Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Verriegelungsbereichen wenigstens eines im Raum bewegbaren ersten Objekts |
| US9144904B2 (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2015-09-29 | Fanuc Robotics America Corporation | Method and system for automatically preventing deadlock in multi-robot systems |
| DE102012103830B4 (de) | 2011-05-05 | 2022-05-25 | Fanuc Robotics America Corp. | Verfahren und computerlesbare Medien zur automatischen Verbindung von gegenseitiger Blockierung in Mehrfachrobotersytemen |
| DE102015116522B3 (de) | 2015-10-13 | 2016-10-27 | ATENSOR Engineering and Technology Systems GmbH | Synchronisierung mehrerer Roboter |
| EP3266570A1 (de) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-10 | Siemens Industry Software Ltd. | Verfahren zur kollisionsschutzverwaltung von überlappenden robotischen bewegungen |
| DE102017129959A1 (de) | 2017-12-14 | 2019-04-25 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Systems mit mehreren Maschinen |
| DE102019102803B4 (de) | 2019-02-05 | 2022-02-17 | Franka Emika Gmbh | Ausrichten zweier Roboterarme zueinander |
-
2021
- 2021-04-27 DE DE102021204148.5A patent/DE102021204148B3/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-25 WO PCT/EP2022/057931 patent/WO2022228792A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-03-25 EP EP22718182.3A patent/EP4329992A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022228792A1 (de) | 2022-11-03 |
| DE102021204148B3 (de) | 2022-06-23 |
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