EP4315751A1 - Verfahren und system zum erkennen eines datentechnischen angriffs auf ein fahrzeug unter verwendung von deep-learning-verfahren - Google Patents
Verfahren und system zum erkennen eines datentechnischen angriffs auf ein fahrzeug unter verwendung von deep-learning-verfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4315751A1 EP4315751A1 EP22725710.2A EP22725710A EP4315751A1 EP 4315751 A1 EP4315751 A1 EP 4315751A1 EP 22725710 A EP22725710 A EP 22725710A EP 4315751 A1 EP4315751 A1 EP 4315751A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- data
- data stream
- land
- attack
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
- H04L63/1408—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic by monitoring network traffic
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/04—Architecture, e.g. interconnection topology
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N3/00—Computing arrangements based on biological models
- G06N3/02—Neural networks
- G06N3/08—Learning methods
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
- H04L63/1408—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic by monitoring network traffic
- H04L63/1416—Event detection, e.g. attack signature detection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/14—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic
- H04L63/1408—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for detecting or protecting against malicious traffic by monitoring network traffic
- H04L63/1425—Traffic logging, e.g. anomaly detection
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a system for detecting a data attack on a vehicle.
- IDS intrusion detection systems
- a technical data attack on a first communication network, with the attack originating from a second communication network, can be prevented, for example, by allowing data transmission exclusively from the first communication network in the direction of the second communication network (i.e. in a single direction).
- DE 102015 108 109 A1 describes a solution for connecting a first and second communication network, in which for the unidirectional transmission of data in a system that includes the first and second communication network, between a transmitter of the first communication network and a receiver of the second communication network data diode is connected.
- WO 2018/162176 A1 describes a gateway device for a rail vehicle.
- the gateway device is designed to control a transmission of data between a first network of the vehicle and a second network of the vehicle depending on a vehicle status.
- the first network comprises an operator network and the second network comprises a control network, the control network comprising one or more vehicle control components.
- the operator network is a network that is physically and/or logically separate from the control network.
- the gateway device has an intrusion detection system, which to detect attacks, attempts at abuse and / or
- This object is achieved by a method for detecting a data-technical attack on a vehicle, in which a data stream is read out using a data reading device in the vehicle and/or a security-related event, which occurs in a device installed on the vehicle, using an event detection device in the vehicle is recorded.
- the data stream read out and/or event information which the recorded event represents, are transmitted via a communication link to a land-side or vehicle-side recognition device.
- a land-based facility uses an artificial neural network to form a model that recognizes whether the transmitted data stream and/or the
- Event information relates to a data attack on the vehicle.
- a computer program representing the model is used on the land-side or vehicle-side detection device for an application for detecting a data-related attack.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that a technical data attack on a vehicle not only impairs safety in terms of security, but can also pose a problem for safety in terms of safety.
- the detection of a technical data attack on a vehicle is particularly advantageous for the operator of a track-bound vehicle.
- safety refers to the goal of protecting the environment of a track-bound vehicle from hazards that emanate from the track-bound vehicle.
- the goal is to protect the track-bound vehicle from hazards that are Environment of the track-bound vehicle go out, referred to as "security”.
- the invention recognized that a vehicle often has a large number of data technology components that can be exposed to data technology attacks. Consequently, it involves a disproportionate amount of effort for operators and manufacturers of vehicles to determine rules or specifications for the correct detection of data technology attacks and to define them for the operation of the vehicle.
- a land-based facility uses an artificial neural network to form a model that recognizes whether the transmitted data stream and/or the event information relates to a data attack on the vehicle.
- a computer program representing the model is used on the land-side or vehicle-side detection device for the application for detecting a data-related attack.
- the detection of a data-technical attack on the track-bound vehicle is achieved using an artificial neural network.
- data attack to mean unwanted access to a communication network of the vehicle or unwanted data transmission of data to the communication network of the vehicle.
- the vehicle is, for example, a land vehicle (e.g. an automobile), an aircraft (e.g. an airplane) or a watercraft (e.g. a ship).
- a land vehicle e.g. an automobile
- an aircraft e.g. an airplane
- a watercraft e.g. a ship
- the data stream preferably originates from a source outside the vehicle.
- the data stream reaches the vehicle via vehicle-to-land communication.
- the data stream reaches the vehicle via an interface within the vehicle to which an external device is connected (this external device therefore also represents a source outside the vehicle).
- the computer program for use is preferably installed on the detection device, which is part of the vehicle or part of a land-based device (English: “deployment”).
- the vehicle is a track-bound vehicle, preferably a rail vehicle.
- the rail vehicle is, for example, a multiple unit.
- This embodiment is based on the further finding that, in particular, track-bound vehicles have a large number of data technology components that can be attacked. For this reason, the use of the method according to the invention in a track-bound vehicle is particularly useful and advantageous.
- the data stream is read out in that a partial data stream of a data stream is read out if the partial data stream satisfies a abnormality criterion.
- the abnormality criterion is met, for example, if the data stream comes from an unknown source address.
- the abnormality criterion can preferably be set and/or controlled by means of a control device.
- the control device includes a software module, for example, which is executed on a land-based computing device.
- the control device is also preferably part of a land-side operations control center.
- the operations control center can be implemented via a cloud service, for example.
- the data reading device includes a sniffer or is designed as a sniffer.
- the sniffer is operated using a tool such as Wireshark.
- a sniffer is a particularly expedient embodiment of a data reading device.
- the data stream originates from a source outside the vehicle and is received by a receiving device in the vehicle.
- the vehicle has a plurality of receiving devices for receiving the data stream.
- a data reading device for reading out the received data stream is assigned to each receiving device.
- each data entry point is assigned a data reading device and it can be traced back via which of the plurality of data entry points of the vehicle a technical data attack took place.
- the identification of the data entry point may allow conclusions to be drawn about the reason, content and/or source of the attack.
- the receiving device is, for example, an antenna and/or a mobile communication gateway (MCG: Mobile Communication Gateway) which is (are) designed to communicate with a land-side communication gateway (GCG: Ground Communication Gateway) as part of vehicle-to-land communication is.
- MCG Mobile Communication Gateway
- GCG Land Communication Gateway
- a further example of a receiving device is a wired data technology interface which is arranged inside the vehicle for the wired connection of a terminal device. This interface is, for example, a port of a switch, which an attacker can use to connect a terminal device, for example a notebook.
- the read-out data stream can be transmitted directly via the communication link to the identification device on the land or on the vehicle.
- the event information can be transmitted from the event detection device directly via the communication link to the land-side or vehicle-side detection device.
- the data stream that has been read out and the event information are transmitted to an aggregator device.
- the aggregator device collects the read data stream and the event information.
- the collected data stream and the Collected event information is transmitted over the communication link to the land-based or on-board recognition device.
- the aggregator device is formed, for example, by a server device in the vehicle, which collects the data streams read out on the vehicle and recorded event information and sends them to the detection device.
- the collection and transmission of the data streams and event information read out on the vehicle can preferably be set and/or controlled by means of the control device described above.
- the vehicle-side detection device and the aggregator device are integrated, for example, on a common server device.
- the artificial neural network has one or more layers of neurons that are not input neurons or output neurons.
- the layers of neurons that are not input neurons (English: input layer) or output neuron (English: output layer) are often referred to in the art as hidden layers.
- the hidden layers are preferably changed during the training and learning of the artificial neural network.
- Machine learning which involves the artificial neural network with multiple hidden layers, is often referred to as deep learning.
- the artificial neural network is trained on the basis of training data, with the training taking place in a secure state in which an undesired technical data attack is ruled out. This prevents unwanted data-technical attacks from taking place or being prepared during training.
- Training data includes data pertaining to an attack and data not pertaining to an attack.
- the data relating to an attack represent a "desired” attack. Because the artificial neural network has to learn to recognize attacks during training.
- the term “undesirable” should be understood against the background that it is not a for training purposes planned attack.
- An “undesirable” attack is, for example, an attack that already attacks the recognition device during training or prepares future attacks through targeted misdirection during training.
- An undesired data-technical attack during training occurs, for example, if the attacker already ensures during training that one of his facilities is permissible as a source (and therefore a data-technical attack from this source may not be recognized as such).
- This embodiment is therefore based, inter alia, on the knowledge that data technology attacks can already be prepared during the training.
- training data can be smuggled in during the training, which trains the artificial neural network in such a way that specific data-related attacks are not detected when the detection device is used.
- so-called adversarial attacks can be prepared by introduced training data such that the detection device is more susceptible to an adversarial attack during use.
- the secured state is achieved, for example, in that only tested training data is used for the training be used.
- the training data is collected during the commissioning and/or testing phase when it can be ensured that the vehicle is not connected to the landside and no unauthorized personnel who initiate an attack are present.
- a warning message is triggered if a data-related attack on the vehicle is detected.
- the warning message is preferably triggered by means of a landside reporting device.
- the reporting device receives, for example, a detection message from the detection device when a data-related attack is detected. Based on the recognition message and depending on a configuration, the reporting device sends a warning message to a suitable output device for outputting the warning message.
- the configuration can be set, for example, using the control device described above.
- the warning message is issued by means of an output device that can be perceived by a vehicle driver.
- the vehicle driver perceives the warning message, the vehicle driver has the opportunity to prevent the impact on the safety of the operation of the rail-bound vehicle by actively intervening in the operation (e.g. braking or stopping) of the vehicle.
- the intervention in the operation can alternatively or additionally be (partially) automated.
- the reporting device preferably receives operating information which indicates whether the lane-bound vehicle is in ferry service. The reporting device can use this information to decide whether the warning message is to be sent to the output device that can be perceived by the driver of the vehicle.
- the output device perceivable by the vehicle driver is preferably an output device arranged in a driver's desk of the vehicle driver.
- the warning message is output alternatively or additionally by means of an output device of an operations control center that can be perceived by an operator of the vehicle.
- the warning message is received by a data processing device of an executive authority.
- the reporting device preferably sends the warning message to the data processing device of the executive agency on the basis of the identification message and depending on a configuration.
- the warning message can be output using an output device of the data processing device of the authority.
- the invention also relates to a computer program, comprising instructions which, when the program is executed by a computing unit of a rail-bound vehicle and/or a land-based device, cause the latter to carry out the method described above.
- the invention also relates to a computer program product with a computer program of this type.
- the invention also relates to a computer-readable storage medium, comprising instructions which, when executed by a computing unit of a rail-bound vehicle and/or a land-based device, cause the latter to carry out the method described above.
- the invention also relates to a system for detecting a data-related attack on a vehicle, comprising: a data reading device in the vehicle, which is designed to read out a data stream, and/or an event detection device in the vehicle, which is designed to detect a security-related event that occurs during a occurs on the vehicle installed device to record a communication link through which the read data stream and / or a
- Event information which represents the recorded event, can be transmitted to a land-side or vehicle-side detection device and a land-side device which is designed to form a model with the aid of an artificial neural network, wherein the model is designed to detect whether the transmitted data stream and/or the event information relates to a data-related attack on the vehicle and wherein a computer program representing the model can be used on the land-side or vehicle-side detection device for an application to detect a data-related attack.
- Figure 1 shows schematically the structure of a
- Figure 2 schematically shows the sequence of a
- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a system 1 with a vehicle 2, a land-based device 5 and a land-based device 105.
- the vehicle 2 is a rail vehicle 3, namely a rail vehicle 4.
- the land-based device 5 is part of an operations control center.
- the rail-bound vehicle 3 has a communication network 7, which is preferably designed as an Ethernet network.
- a terminal device 9 and an aggregator device 10, which is a server device are connected to the communication network 7 in terms of data technology.
- several communication gateways 11 and 111 are connected to the communication network 7 .
- the communication gateway 11 or 111 is connected to a wireless
- Communication interface 13 or 113 connected.
- the communication gateway 11 or 111 together with the wireless communication interface 13 or 113 forms a communication device 15 or 115 which is designed to send data to the land-based device 5 and to receive data from the land-based device 5 .
- FIG. 1 there are two communication gateways 11 and 111 on vehicle 3 .
- the exemplary embodiment described here can obviously be transferred to a constellation with more than two mobile communication gateways.
- the communication gateways 11 and 111 are, for example, so-called mobile communication gateways (MCGs).
- MCGs mobile communication gateways
- the land-based device 5 has a communication network 17 which is in the form of an Ethernet network.
- a detection device 19 and a control device 20 are connected to the communication network 17 in terms of data technology.
- a ground communication gateway 21 is connected to the communication network 17, which is connected to a wireless communication interface 23.
- the ground communication gateway 21 together with the wireless communication interface 23 forms a communication device 25 which is designed to send data to the track-bound vehicle 3 and to receive data from the track-bound vehicle 3 .
- the communication devices 15 or 115 and 25 together form a communication connection 30 or 130 for the transmission of data between the track-bound vehicle 3 and the land-based device 5, i.e. starting from the track-bound vehicle 3 to the land-based device 5 and starting from the land-based facility 5 to the rail-bound vehicle 3.
- the mobile communication gateway 11 or 111 has a data reading device 16 or 116, which includes a sniffer.
- the communication network 7 also has a data technology interface 18, for example a port of a switch.
- the interface 18 is used to connect a terminal (not shown) for data exchange with the communication network 7.
- the terminal that can be connected is a notebook, for example, which is used by an attacker for a data-related attack.
- a further data reading device 216 which includes a sniffer, is connected between the interface 18 and the communication network 7.
- the exemplary embodiment described here can obviously be transferred to a constellation with a number of technical data interfaces.
- the data reading devices 16, 116 and 216 are designed to read out a data stream.
- the data stream arrives via the wireless communication interface 13 or 113 or via the interface 18, for example.
- the terminal 9 has an event recording device 109 which includes a logger.
- Event detection device 109 is designed to record a security-related event that occurs on terminal 9 and to send event information, which represents the recorded event, to aggregator device 10 . Recording takes place, for example, using a tool such as Syslog.
- an artificial neural network 106 is created on a land-based device 105 .
- the artificial neural network 106 has multiple layers of neurons other than an input neuron or an output neuron are.
- the artificial neural network 106 forms a model which is intended to be able to use a data stream and event information to identify whether these relate to a data attack on the vehicle 2 .
- a method step B1 the artificial neural network 106 is trained using training data.
- the training takes place in a secure state in which an unwanted data-technical attack is excluded.
- the secure state is achieved, for example, by using only tested training data for the training.
- the training data is collected during the commissioning and/or test phase when it can be ensured that the vehicle is not data-connected to the landside and no unauthorized personnel who initiate an attack are present.
- the artificial neural network 106 After the artificial neural network 106 has been trained, the artificial neural network is used to create a model (method step B2) which recognizes whether a data stream and/or event information forms a data attack on the vehicle 2 .
- a computer program representing the model is installed in a method step C on the land-side detection device 19 and used in the further method, in particular when the vehicle 2 is in operation.
- a method step D the control device 20 is used to set which partial data stream of an incoming data stream is to be read out by the data reading devices 16, 116 and 216.
- a conspicuity criterion is defined for this by the control device 20 . If the abnormality criterion for the partial data stream is met, it is read out of the data stream. The alert criterion is for example fulfilled if the data stream comes from an unknown source address.
- the control device 20 comprises a software module, for example, which is executed on a computing device that can be operated by a user.
- a step E is set by means of the control device 20, which
- Event information is sent from the event capture device 109 to the aggregator device 10 .
- control device 20 is used to set which read data streams and event information are collected on the aggregator device 10 and sent to the recognition device 19 .
- a data stream is received, for example from the land side, via the wireless communication interface 13 and the mobile communication gateway 11 and reaches the communication network 7.
- the communication device 15 serves as a receiving device, which Data stream, which comes from a source outside the vehicle 2, receives in a step Gl.
- the data reading device 16 reads out a partial data stream that satisfies the abnormality criterion.
- this partial data stream that has been read out is transmitted to the aggregator device 10 of the vehicle 2 .
- the event detection device 109 records a security-related event which occurs in the device 9 and, in a method step J2, generates event information which represents the recorded event.
- event information is transmitted to the aggregator device 10 of the vehicle 2 .
- the aggregator device 10 collects the partial data stream that has been read out and the event information in a method step L.
- the collected partial data stream and the collected event information are transmitted in a method step M via the communication network 7 and the communication link 30 and/or 130 to the recognition device 19.
- the detection device 19 detects whether the transmitted partial data stream and/or the event information relates to a data attack on the vehicle 2 .
- a piece of detection information is transmitted in a method step 0 to a landside reporting device 22 via the communication network 17 .
- the reporting device 22 sends a warning message to a suitable output device on the basis of the detection device and depending on a configuration made (in advance) by the control device 20 .
- a warning message is transmitted to an output device 133 arranged in a driver's console of the vehicle driver and is output by the latter in a method step P2.
- the warning message is transmitted in a method step PP1 to an output device that can be perceived by an operator of the vehicle 2 and is output by the latter in a method step PP2.
- the warning message can be received in a method step PPP1 by a facility of an executive authority.
- the warning message can be output by an output device of the authority's data processing device in a method step PPP2.
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- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
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- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021204600 | 2021-05-06 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/060536 WO2022233584A1 (de) | 2021-05-06 | 2022-04-21 | Verfahren und system zum erkennen eines datentechnischen angriffs auf ein fahrzeug unter verwendung von deep-learning-verfahren |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4315751A1 true EP4315751A1 (de) | 2024-02-07 |
Family
ID=81850337
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22725710.2A Pending EP4315751A1 (de) | 2021-05-06 | 2022-04-21 | Verfahren und system zum erkennen eines datentechnischen angriffs auf ein fahrzeug unter verwendung von deep-learning-verfahren |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4315751A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022233584A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010052486B4 (de) * | 2010-11-26 | 2015-08-27 | Bombardier Transportation Gmbh | Steuerungsanordnung zur Steuerung des Betriebs eines spurgebundenen Fahrzeugs sowie Verfahren zum Herstellen der Steuerungsanordnung |
| DE102015108109A1 (de) | 2015-05-22 | 2016-11-24 | Thyssenkrupp Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum unidirektionalen Übertragen von Daten |
| US10382466B2 (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2019-08-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Cooperative cloud-edge vehicle anomaly detection |
| DE102017203898A1 (de) | 2017-03-09 | 2018-09-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Gateway-Vorrichtung, Kommunikationsverfahren und Kommunikationssystem für ein Fahrzeug, insbesondere ein Schienenfahrzeug |
| DE102017217195A1 (de) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-03-28 | Continental Teves Ag & Co. Ohg | Verfahren zum Erfassen eines Angriffs auf ein Steuergerät eines Fahrzeugs |
-
2022
- 2022-04-21 WO PCT/EP2022/060536 patent/WO2022233584A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-04-21 EP EP22725710.2A patent/EP4315751A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022233584A1 (de) | 2022-11-10 |
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