EP4298252A1 - Manufacturing method of a steel product - Google Patents

Manufacturing method of a steel product

Info

Publication number
EP4298252A1
EP4298252A1 EP21709482.0A EP21709482A EP4298252A1 EP 4298252 A1 EP4298252 A1 EP 4298252A1 EP 21709482 A EP21709482 A EP 21709482A EP 4298252 A1 EP4298252 A1 EP 4298252A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
scrap
manufacturing
plant
steel
emissions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21709482.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hugo DA GAMA CAMPOS
Jean-Martin VAN DER HOEVEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArcelorMittal SA
Original Assignee
ArcelorMittal SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ArcelorMittal SA filed Critical ArcelorMittal SA
Publication of EP4298252A1 publication Critical patent/EP4298252A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C21B13/0073—Selection or treatment of the reducing gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/006—Automatically controlling the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/008—Composition or distribution of the charge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/527—Charging of the electric furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2300/00—Process aspects
    • C21B2300/04—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2100/00—Exhaust gas
    • C21C2100/02—Treatment of the exhaust gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2300/00—Process aspects
    • C21C2300/06—Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposes; CII

Definitions

  • the invention is related to a method of manufacturing steel.
  • the method of the invention may also comprise the following optional characteristics considered separately or according to all possible technical combinations:
  • the method further comprises a first step of target definition wherein a maximum level of C02 emissions is predefined for the manufacturing of the steel product and the producing step is performed only if the lowest expected level of emissions is inferior or equal to the predefined maximum level, otherwise new manufacturing routes are defined and new associated expected level of C02 emissions are calculated.
  • - raw materials are chosen among scrap, iron ore, coal, coke, sinter feed, pellets, gases - scrap is of different types and is chosen among old scrap, new scrap, prime scrap, home scrap, pit scrap, shredded, plates and structure scrap, heavy melting scrap, cast scrap, coil scrap or busheling scrap.
  • - energy sources are chosen among renewable electricity, electricity produced by internal recycling of exhaust gas from the steel manufacturing process or by capture of heat released by products from the steel manufacturing process.
  • - processes are chosen among direct reduction processes, hydrogen-based ironmaking, steel electrolysis, blast furnace with top-gas recycling, blast furnace with top- gas conversion, electric-arc-furnace steelmaking, converter steelmaking, scrap melting.
  • the method further includes a step, after production step of establishing a certificate for the manufactured steel indicated the level Eexpi of C02 emissions associated to its manufacturing route.
  • the tools are chosen among a coking plant, a sintering plant, a direct-reduction plant, a blast-furnace, an electric — arc furnace, a converter, a ladle, a H2 production plant, a chemical plant, a biotech plant, a power plant, a ladle, a furnace, a casting plant, a rolling plant, gas cleaning devices, heat recovery devices, hot stoves.
  • Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method, according to the invention, for manufacturing steel
  • FIG. 1 represents a flowchart of a method to manufacture a steel product according to the invention.
  • a steel product P is to be manufactured into a steelmaking plant S comprising several manufacturing tools T x .
  • a manufacturing tool maybe a combination of several equipment.
  • a blast furnace with top-gas recycling is one tool, even if it comprises a blast furnace, gas treatment devices and gas heating devices.
  • the tools T x may be chosen among a coking plant, a sintering plant, a direct-reduction plant, a blast furnace, an electric — arc furnace, a converter, a ladle, a H2 production plant, a chemical plant, a biotech plant, a power plant, a ladle, a furnace, a casting plant, a rolling plant, gas cleaning devices, heat recovery devices, hot stoves.
  • a first step 100 at least two different manufacturing routes MRi allowing to manufacture the product P and using tools Tx are defined.
  • MRi uses tools T 1 , T 2 , T 3 which are respectively a blast furnace with top gas recycling, a steelmaking unit with a converter and a continuous caster
  • MR 2 uses tools T 2 , T 3 and T
  • T being a hydrogen- based blast furnace
  • MR 3 uses tools T 5 , T 6 and T 3 wherein T 5 is an electric arc furnace and T 6 is a secondary metallurgy unit.
  • an expected level of C02 emissions Eexp to manufacture the steel product P according to each manufacture route MR, is calculated considering all C02 contributions associated to raw materials, energy sources and processes used for manufacturing the steel product according to each manufacture route MRi.
  • Raw materials may be of different types. They may include coal, coke, iron ore, biomass, sintered ore, agglomerates, pellets, direct-reduced iron (DRI), scrap, mineral additions, such as limestone or dolomite, alloying elements but also gases such as oxygen or hydrogen.
  • Scrap maybe of different typologies among, notably, old scrap, new scrap, prime scrap, home scrap, pit scrap, shredded, plates and structure scrap, heavy melting scrap, cast scrap, coil scrap or busheling scrap.
  • raw materials are selected among biomass, cold-bonded pellets, direct-reduced iron, scrap, mineral additions, alloying elements, oxygen and hydrogen.
  • Energy sources may also be various. They include electricity coming from renewable energy, such as from solar panels or windmills, but also electricity produced by power plant, which may use gases resulting from the steelmaking process, such as blast furnace gases or converter gases. It also includes any fuel, either gaseous or solid, fossil or organic, which may be used into the steel manufacturing process. In a preferred embodiment energy sources are chosen among renewable electricity, electricity produced by internal recycling of exhaust gas from the steel manufacturing process or by capture of heat released by products from the steel manufacturing process.
  • Processes include all different processes performed along the manufacturing route and their associated C02 emissions. It includes pig iron production, liquid steel production and finishing processes. Pig iron production includes coking, sintering, pelletizing, blast furnace process, but also direct reduction and shaft furnace processes. Liquid steel production covers decarburization, dephosphorization and all secondary metallurgy or ladle treatments allowing to turn pig iron into liquid steel and adjust the composition of the liquid steel for further steps, it also includes the electric-arc-furnace steelmaking process. Finishing processes include notably casting, heating, rolling, cooling, coiling, shaping, levelling, welding, coating. When considering C02 impact of a process, all by-products recycling or emission reduction technologies applied to said process has to be taken into account for the calculation. For example, blast furnace process without top-gas recycling does not have the same C02 impact as the same blast furnace process wherein top-gas is not released to the atmosphere but rather re-injected into.
  • processes are chosen among direct reduction processes, hydrogen-based ironmaking, steel electrolysis, blast furnace with top-gas recycling, blastfurnace with top-gas conversion, electric-arc-furnace steelmaking, converter steelmaking, scrap melting.
  • hydrogen-based ironmaking it is meant any ironmaking process, such as a direct-reduction process or a blast-furnace process wherein the reducing gas is mainly composed of hydrogen.
  • Blast-furnace wit top-gas recycling means a blast furnace process wherein top-gas exhausting from the blast furnace is at least partly re injected into the blast furnace after appropriate treatments.
  • Blast furnace with top-gas conversion means a blast furnace process wherein top-gas exhausting from the blast furnace is at least partly used to produce a syngas which is then further used in chemical, biochemical or power plants
  • the method may also comprise an additional step 130, after the manufacturing step 120, of establishing a certificate for the manufactured steel indicated the level Eexp, of C02 emissions associated to its manufacturing route.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
  • Carbon Steel Or Casting Steel Manufacturing (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Iron (AREA)
  • General Factory Administration (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

A method to manufacture a steel product in a steelmaking plant comprising several different tools, the method including the definition of at least two manufacturing routes using different tools and the calculation of the expected level of CO2 emissions associated to each of this defined manufacturing routes.

Description

Manufacturing method of a steel product
[001] The invention is related to a method of manufacturing steel.
[002] Steel industry, like many other human activities, is a source of C02 emission in the atmosphere. Many technologies are implemented or under development to decrease those C02 emissions at different levels of the production, through for example recycling of blast furnace, coke oven or converter top gas. This recycling may be performed, after appropriate treatments, by injection into another steelmaking device or use as syngas for other productions. [003] These technologies aim to decrease direct C02 emissions of the manufacturing of steel products.
[004] However, customer of such steel products, such as car makers, also have to reduce the carbon footprint of their products and to do so request steel products fulfilling all their usual standards in terms of physical properties and quality, but also in terms of carbon footprint. This C02 carbon footprint is not limited to the direct emissions of the manufacturing process itself.
[005] There is so a need for a method allowing to determine and reduce the C02 footprint of steel products.
[006] This problem is solved by a method according to the invention wherein a steel product is to be manufactured in a steelmaking plant comprising several manufacturing tools, the method including the steps of defining at least two different manufacturing routes using tools allowing to manufacture the steel product, calculating, for each defined manufacturing route, an expected level of C02 emissions to manufacture the steel product according to each manufacture route, such calculation being done considering all C02 contributions associated to raw materials, energy sources and processes used for manufacturing the steel product according to each manufacture route, and producing the steel product using the tools according to the manufacturing route =having the lowest calculated expected level of C02 emissions.
[007] The method of the invention may also comprise the following optional characteristics considered separately or according to all possible technical combinations:
- the method further comprises a first step of target definition wherein a maximum level of C02 emissions is predefined for the manufacturing of the steel product and the producing step is performed only if the lowest expected level of emissions is inferior or equal to the predefined maximum level, otherwise new manufacturing routes are defined and new associated expected level of C02 emissions are calculated.
- raw materials are chosen among scrap, iron ore, coal, coke, sinter feed, pellets, gases - scrap is of different types and is chosen among old scrap, new scrap, prime scrap, home scrap, pit scrap, shredded, plates and structure scrap, heavy melting scrap, cast scrap, coil scrap or busheling scrap.
- energy sources are chosen among renewable electricity, electricity produced by internal recycling of exhaust gas from the steel manufacturing process or by capture of heat released by products from the steel manufacturing process.
- processes are chosen among direct reduction processes, hydrogen-based ironmaking, steel electrolysis, blast furnace with top-gas recycling, blast furnace with top- gas conversion, electric-arc-furnace steelmaking, converter steelmaking, scrap melting.
- the method further includes a step, after production step of establishing a certificate for the manufactured steel indicated the level Eexpi of C02 emissions associated to its manufacturing route.
- the tools are chosen among a coking plant, a sintering plant, a direct-reduction plant, a blast-furnace, an electric — arc furnace, a converter, a ladle, a H2 production plant, a chemical plant, a biotech plant, a power plant, a ladle, a furnace, a casting plant, a rolling plant, gas cleaning devices, heat recovery devices, hot stoves.
[008] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description of it that is given below by way of an indication and which is in no way restrictive, with reference to the appended figures in which:
Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method, according to the invention, for manufacturing steel
[009] Figure 1 represents a flowchart of a method to manufacture a steel product according to the invention. A steel product P is to be manufactured into a steelmaking plant S comprising several manufacturing tools Tx. A manufacturing tool maybe a combination of several equipment. For example, a blast furnace with top-gas recycling is one tool, even if it comprises a blast furnace, gas treatment devices and gas heating devices. The tools Tx may be chosen among a coking plant, a sintering plant, a direct-reduction plant, a blast furnace, an electric — arc furnace, a converter, a ladle, a H2 production plant, a chemical plant, a biotech plant, a power plant, a ladle, a furnace, a casting plant, a rolling plant, gas cleaning devices, heat recovery devices, hot stoves. [0010] In a first step 100, at least two different manufacturing routes MRi allowing to manufacture the product P and using tools Tx are defined. For example, i=3, MRi uses tools T 1 , T2, T3 which are respectively a blast furnace with top gas recycling, a steelmaking unit with a converter and a continuous caster, MR2 uses tools T2, T3 and T , T being a hydrogen- based blast furnace, MR3 uses tools T5, T6 and T3 wherein T5 is an electric arc furnace and T6 is a secondary metallurgy unit.
[0011] In a second step 110, an expected level of C02 emissions Eexp, to manufacture the steel product P according to each manufacture route MR, is calculated considering all C02 contributions associated to raw materials, energy sources and processes used for manufacturing the steel product according to each manufacture route MRi.
[0012] Raw materials may be of different types. They may include coal, coke, iron ore, biomass, sintered ore, agglomerates, pellets, direct-reduced iron (DRI), scrap, mineral additions, such as limestone or dolomite, alloying elements but also gases such as oxygen or hydrogen. Scrap maybe of different typologies among, notably, old scrap, new scrap, prime scrap, home scrap, pit scrap, shredded, plates and structure scrap, heavy melting scrap, cast scrap, coil scrap or busheling scrap. In a preferred embodiment, raw materials are selected among biomass, cold-bonded pellets, direct-reduced iron, scrap, mineral additions, alloying elements, oxygen and hydrogen.
[0013] By considering all C02 contributions linked to raw materials, it is meant that all C02 emissions linked to the production of those raw materials before they are used into the steel manufacturing process is taken into account. For example, when considering iron ore, all C02 emissions related to the mining extractions and ore processing have to be included into the calculation. Same for the scrap, even it is the recycling of an existing product, it has a C02 footprint coming from its former life which has to be considered into the calculation. Depending on its typology, C02 footprint may differ from one scrap to another.
[0014] Energy sources may also be various. They include electricity coming from renewable energy, such as from solar panels or windmills, but also electricity produced by power plant, which may use gases resulting from the steelmaking process, such as blast furnace gases or converter gases. It also includes any fuel, either gaseous or solid, fossil or organic, which may be used into the steel manufacturing process. In a preferred embodiment energy sources are chosen among renewable electricity, electricity produced by internal recycling of exhaust gas from the steel manufacturing process or by capture of heat released by products from the steel manufacturing process.
[0015] In order the calculation to be the most accurate it is important to not count a C02 impact twice. For example, if coke is considered as a raw material to the converter process and its impact included into the raw materials impact, it must not be considered as a fossil fuel and included into the energy sources impact.
[0016] Processes include all different processes performed along the manufacturing route and their associated C02 emissions. It includes pig iron production, liquid steel production and finishing processes. Pig iron production includes coking, sintering, pelletizing, blast furnace process, but also direct reduction and shaft furnace processes. Liquid steel production covers decarburization, dephosphorization and all secondary metallurgy or ladle treatments allowing to turn pig iron into liquid steel and adjust the composition of the liquid steel for further steps, it also includes the electric-arc-furnace steelmaking process. Finishing processes include notably casting, heating, rolling, cooling, coiling, shaping, levelling, welding, coating. When considering C02 impact of a process, all by-products recycling or emission reduction technologies applied to said process has to be taken into account for the calculation. For example, blast furnace process without top-gas recycling does not have the same C02 impact as the same blast furnace process wherein top-gas is not released to the atmosphere but rather re-injected into.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment, processes are chosen among direct reduction processes, hydrogen-based ironmaking, steel electrolysis, blast furnace with top-gas recycling, blastfurnace with top-gas conversion, electric-arc-furnace steelmaking, converter steelmaking, scrap melting. By hydrogen-based ironmaking it is meant any ironmaking process, such as a direct-reduction process or a blast-furnace process wherein the reducing gas is mainly composed of hydrogen. Blast-furnace wit top-gas recycling means a blast furnace process wherein top-gas exhausting from the blast furnace is at least partly re injected into the blast furnace after appropriate treatments. Blast furnace with top-gas conversion means a blast furnace process wherein top-gas exhausting from the blast furnace is at least partly used to produce a syngas which is then further used in chemical, biochemical or power plants
[0018] Once this expected level of C02 emissions Eexp, is calculated, all Eexp, are compared and the product P is manufactured 120 into the steelmaking unit according to the manufacturing route MR, having the lowest expected level of emissions Eexp,.
[0019] The method may also comprise an additional step 130, after the manufacturing step 120, of establishing a certificate for the manufactured steel indicated the level Eexp, of C02 emissions associated to its manufacturing route.
[0020] With the method according to the invention it is thus possible to produce the steel product P with a reduced carbon footprint and to determine said carbon footprint.

Claims

1) A method of manufacturing a steel product P in a steelmaking plant S comprising several manufacturing tools Tx, the method including the following steps:
- Defining 100 at least two different manufacturing routes MRi using tools Tx allowing to manufacture the product P,
- Calculating 110, for each defined manufacturing route MRi, an expected level of C02 emissions Eexpi to manufacture the steel product P according to manufacture route MRi, such calculation being done considering all CO2 contributions associated to raw materials, energy sources and processes used for manufacturing the steel product according to each manufacture route MRi,
- producing the steel product P using tools Tx according to the manufacturing route MRi having the lowest calculated expected level of C02 emissions Eexpi. 2) Method according to claim 1 including a first step of target definition wherein a maximum level of C02 emissions Emax is predefined for the manufacturing of the steel product P and the producing step 100 is performed only if Eexpi is inferior or equal to Emax, otherwise new manufacturing routes MRi are defined and new associated expected level of C02 emissions Eexpi are calculated. 3) Method according to claim 1 or 2 wherein raw material are chosen among scrap, iron ore, coal, coke, sinter feed, pellets, gases
4) Method according to claim 3 wherein scrap is of different types and is chosen among old scrap, new scrap, prime scrap, home scrap, pit scrap, shredded, plates and structure scrap, heavy melting scrap, cast scrap, coil scrap or busheling scrap. 5) Method according to anyone of the previous claims wherein energy sources are chosen among renewable electricity, electricity produced by internal recycling of exhaust gas from the steel manufacturing process or by capture of heat released by products from the steel manufacturing process. 6) Method according to anyone of the previous claims wherein processes are chosen among direct reduction processes, hydrogen-based ironmaking, steel electrolysis, blast furnace with top-gas recycling, blast furnace with top-gas conversion, electric-arc-furnace steelmaking, converter steelmaking, scrap melting. 7) Method according to anyone of the previous claims including a step, after the production step, of establishing a certificate for the manufactured steel indicated the level Eexpi of C02 emissions associated to its manufacturing route.
8) Method according to anyone of the previous claims wherein the tools Tx are chosen among a coking plant, a sintering plant, a direct-reduction plant, a blast furnace, an electric — arc furnace, a converter, a ladle, a H2 production plant, a chemical plant, a biotech plant, a power plant, a ladle, a furnace, a casting plant, a rolling plant, gas cleaning devices, heat recovery devices, hot stoves.
EP21709482.0A 2021-02-26 2021-02-26 Manufacturing method of a steel product Pending EP4298252A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IB2021/051614 WO2022180427A1 (en) 2021-02-26 2021-02-26 Manufacturing method of a steel product

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4298252A1 true EP4298252A1 (en) 2024-01-03

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US (1) US20240229171A9 (en)
EP (1) EP4298252A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2024507403A (en)
KR (1) KR20230130701A (en)
CN (1) CN116802324A (en)
CA (1) CA3207727A1 (en)
MX (1) MX2023009866A (en)
WO (1) WO2022180427A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA202306870B (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2026083618A1 (en) * 2024-10-15 2026-04-23 日本製鉄株式会社 Method for operating steelworks and steelworks

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102703626B (en) * 2012-06-16 2014-01-15 冶金自动化研究设计院 Intelligent optimal control system for CO2 emission of blast furnace
JP7055082B2 (en) * 2018-09-14 2022-04-15 日本製鉄株式会社 How to operate the blast furnace

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Title
ABDUL QUADER M ET AL: "Present needs, recent progress and future trends of energy-efficient Ultra-Low Carbon Dioxide (CO2)Steelmaking (ULCOS) program", RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS, vol. 55, 5 December 2015 (2015-12-05), pages 537 - 549, XP029365879, ISSN: 1364-0321, DOI: 10.1016/J.RSER.2015.10.101 *
MEIJER KOEN ET AL: "ULCOS, Ultra Low CO 2 Steelmaking", 31 December 2011 (2011-12-31), pages 1 - 22, XP093287613, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.duurzaaminstaal.nl/upload/File/004ULCOS%2014okt2010%20v2NSD10.pdf> *
PANDIT JAI KANT ET AL: "Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Steel Production Final Report", 31 March 2020 (2020-03-31), pages 1 - 110, XP093210267, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://meg.resourcesregulator.nsw.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-11/report-reduction-of-ghg-emissions-in-steel-industries.pdf> *
See also references of WO2022180427A1 *

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KR20230130701A (en) 2023-09-12
MX2023009866A (en) 2023-08-29
JP2024507403A (en) 2024-02-19
CN116802324A (en) 2023-09-22
ZA202306870B (en) 2024-08-28
US20240229171A9 (en) 2024-07-11
WO2022180427A1 (en) 2022-09-01
US20240132981A1 (en) 2024-04-25
CA3207727A1 (en) 2022-09-01

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