EP4291761A1 - Egr system with preheating of an emission control device - Google Patents

Egr system with preheating of an emission control device

Info

Publication number
EP4291761A1
EP4291761A1 EP21705179.6A EP21705179A EP4291761A1 EP 4291761 A1 EP4291761 A1 EP 4291761A1 EP 21705179 A EP21705179 A EP 21705179A EP 4291761 A1 EP4291761 A1 EP 4291761A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
air
depollution
loop
heating device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21705179.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-Baptiste CHANCERELLE
Eric Dumas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
New H Powertrain Holding SLU
Original Assignee
Renault SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Renault SAS filed Critical Renault SAS
Publication of EP4291761A1 publication Critical patent/EP4291761A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/14—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system
    • F02M26/15—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the exhaust system in relation to engine exhaust purifying apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an internal combustion engine equipped with an exhaust gas pollution control system.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a heating device for the pollution control system of the internal combustion engine associated with an electric motor.
  • a motor vehicle comprises a hybrid engine.
  • Said vehicle thus comprises an internal combustion or thermal engine associated with an electric motor with a battery.
  • the electric motor is generally used in a driving phase which follows the start of the vehicle.
  • the internal combustion engine is then activated according to the charge of the battery of the electric motor.
  • the internal combustion engine is equipped with a depollution system.
  • the pollution control system varies according to the engine but, in all cases, the pollution control system comprises at least one pollution control element.
  • These catalysts need to be at least at a certain threshold temperature called the minimum operating temperature of the catalyst in order to be effective. In fact, during defective operation of the catalyst(s), a large part of the emissions of a specific pollutant from a motor vehicle take place before the catalyst dedicated to the depollution of the specific pollutant reaches the minimum operating temperature. .
  • the temperature threshold actually varies according to the type of catalyst.
  • the rise in temperature of the pollution control system can be caused by the exhaust gases or by external equipment, for example an additional electric heater.
  • the exhaust lines today use either heated or non-electrically heated catalysts.
  • [0009] Currently, we know a strategy for heating a depollution element comprising a catalyst based on a fixed heating time. At the end of this heating time, the catalyst has reached its minimum operating temperature, according to validation tests for example.
  • the publication FR FR2981983-A1 proposes a recirculation of the burnt gases tapped downstream of the depollution element to be brought back upstream of the said depollution element to improve the temperature rise of the gases upstream of the depollution element.
  • the object of the invention is to remedy these problems and one of the objects of the invention is a device for heating a depollution element before the start of the heat engine, economical in terms of electrical energy consumption, with its method of operation.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a device for heating a burnt gas pollution control element of a heat engine of a motor vehicle with hybrid motorization, said heat engine being associated with an electric motor and comprising a line of exhaust gas passing through at least one depollution element and comprising a heated air supply duct,
  • the device comprises a closed air heating loop passing through the depollution element
  • the device comprises a closed heating and air circulation loop which passes through the depollution element, said loop having a then reduced volume which can quickly rise in temperature.
  • the closed loop comprises a heating element independent of the operation of the motor.
  • the heating element of the closed air heating loop is independent of the operation of the engine and can therefore be activated when the engine is stopped.
  • the heating element is of the electric type, in particular a heating grid electric.
  • the heating element is of the electric type generating a low pressure drop.
  • An electric heating grid is an adequate means of heating air to improve the rise in temperature without generating significant pressure drops.
  • the air heating loop comprises a duct connected to the exhaust line downstream and upstream of the pollution control element.
  • the heating loop is of short length and comprises a conduit with an upstream end and a downstream end both connected to the exhaust line respectively downstream and upstream of the depollution element.
  • the air heating loop comprises a low-flow air circulation element.
  • the air heating loop comprises an air circulation element to help the circulation of air which is heated by the heating element.
  • the mixing flow is low and allows a homogenization of the heating of the air and its rise in temperature.
  • the heating loop includes an air circulation control valve arranged upstream according to the direction of air circulation of the heating element.
  • the heating loop comprises an air circulation control valve capable of authorizing/blocking the circulation of air in said heating loop towards the depollution element.
  • the circulation of hot air to improve the temperature rise of the depollution element can be easily controlled, in particular thanks to temperature sensors upstream or downstream of the depollution element.
  • the heating loop is part of a burnt gas recirculation circuit.
  • the combustion engine comprises a low pressure burnt gas recirculation circuit called the EGR circuit which has a common part with the heating loop, in particular upstream of an EGR valve capable of controlling the return of the burnt gases.
  • EGR to engine intake.
  • the EGr valve and the heating loop control valve allow air to be distributed either to the pollution control element, in particular after this air has passed through the heating element, or to the engine intake.
  • the two valves act to offer at most only one of the two passages at a time.
  • the invention also relates to a low pressure burnt gas recirculation circuit comprising a heating loop for a depollution element.
  • the invention also relates to a method for managing air heating with a view to raising the temperature of a depollution element which comprises:
  • a step for verifying the conditions of need for heating of the depollution element [0033] a step of heating the air in a closed loop causing the rise in temperature of the depollution element.
  • the heating device operates according to a method for managing said heating, a method which comprises the following successive steps:
  • a second stage of heating the depollution element with passage of the air in the closed heating loop Said heating step can take place over a time interval before a new verification of the heating requirement conditions.
  • This step includes opening the flow control valve, operating the heating element, operating the circulating air element, and possibly closing the EGR valve.
  • the air circulation can be controlled by opening the EGR valve.
  • the mixing of air or burnt gases can be triggered during operation of the heat engine, in particular with the opening of the EGR valve to improve the recirculation of low-pressure EGR gases to the inlet of the heat engine.
  • FIG.l is a schematic view of a heating device for a combustion engine depollution element.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a method for managing the heating device of the thermal engine depollution element.
  • the invention relates to a motor vehicle with a hybrid engine comprising an electric motor and a heat engine.
  • the thermal engine (not shown) comprises an intake air compressor stage 22 which can be associated with a turbine stage 23 able to recover at less in part the dynamic energy of the burnt gases leaving the combustion chamber of the engine.
  • the two stages form a turbocharger 21 as shown in Figure 1.
  • the heat engine comprises a recirculation circuit 20r of the burnt gases.
  • the burnt gases in the embodiment shown are low pressure burnt gases, that is to say that said burnt gases are taken from the exhaust line downstream of a depollution element such as a so-called selective catalytic reduction catalyst 17, also known by the acronym SCR for "Selective Catalytic Reduction” in English terminology, which is designed to eliminate nitrogen oxides, or a particulate filter to eliminate soot particles, or a oxidation catalyst also known by the acronym DOC for "Diesel Oxidation Catalyst” in English terminology, to eliminate carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction catalyst
  • DOC oxidation catalyst
  • the burnt gases are then returned to the engine intake to be mixed with fresh air captured from the front of the vehicle.
  • the depollution elements 17 need to be brought to a minimum temperature level to be fully effective and fulfill its function of depolluting the burnt gases. It is known to inject fuel to increase the temperature of the gases entering the pollution control element, the heat engine being started.
  • the burnt gases are returned upstream 27 of the compression stage 22.
  • the electric motor (not shown) is requested to travel a few kilometers or even a few tens of kilometers depending on the power of the electric battery associated with the electric motor.
  • the object of the invention is to take advantage during the course of the vehicle, of the solicitation of the electric motor to prepare the heat engine to possibly take over and in particular to prepare the depollution element 17 under the optimal temperature conditions of functioning.
  • the heat engine comprises a heating device 10 of the depollution element, which is capable of operating during the phase of stressing the electric motor with the thermal engine stopped or without combustion.
  • Said air heating device comprises a closed loop 10b comprising an air circulation duct 11a, 11b or gas connected at an upstream end to the downstream end 17b or to the outlet of the heating element. depollution 17, and at the downstream end opposite the upstream end 17a or inlet of the depollution element.
  • the circulation duct opens at its upstream end into an exhaust duct 20 of the exhaust line of the engine upstream, for example of a catalytic converter 30.
  • Said catalytic converter 30 forms an obstacle which can generate high pressure drops, to air circulation.
  • the heated air then preferably circulates in the circulation duct IIa.
  • the circulation duct 1 lb opens at its downstream end into the exhaust duct 20 downstream of the turbine stage 23 of the turbocharger 21, which forms an obstacle that can generate high pressure drops and the circulation of the air which is then directed towards the pollution control element 17.
  • a first temperature probe 16′ is placed at the inlet 17a in the depollution element and a second temperature probe 16′′ is placed downstream or at the outlet 17b of said element.
  • the two probes are capable of measuring the temperature of the air or of the gases at the inlet and at the outlet of the depollution element in order to estimate a temperature of said element 17.
  • the invention is not limited to an estimation of the temperature of the depollution element as described above with two temperature probes 16′, 16′′. It is also possible, for example, to insert a dedicated temperature sensor inside the depollution element 17.
  • the heating device 10 comprises the closed loop 10b of short length to circulate air between the outlet 17b and the inlet 17a of the depollution element 17, and a circulating air heating element 15.
  • the air circulates in the loop thanks to a low-flow air mixing element 12 which can be a fan.
  • the low flow of around 6 litres/second facilitates the rise in temperature of the circulated air and homogenizes the temperature of the heated air.
  • the heating device 10 comprises a heating element 15 independent of the operation of the heat engine.
  • Said heating element 15 is so preferably of the electric type, for example an electric heating grid.
  • the advantage of this type of heating element is on the one hand an ease of arrangement in the circulation duct 1 lb, and on the other hand to cause a low pressure drop in the passage of air.
  • the air heating device 10 comprises a control valve 14 for the circulation of air in the circulation duct 1 la, 1 lb.
  • Said valve 14 is able to close the pipe 11a, 11b or to allow the passage of air in the closed loop 10b.
  • Said valve 14 is preferably arranged upstream of the heating element 15, in particular when the closed loop is part of a low pressure EGR burnt gas recirculation circuit 20r.
  • the low pressure EGR burnt gas recirculation circuit 20r comprises the device 10 for heating the pollution control element with the closed loop 10b.
  • the low pressure EGR burnt gas recirculation circuit 20r is here connected to the exhaust line 20 downstream of the pollution control element 17. It comprises a gas passage duct 20p which opens into the duct of the exhaust line 20 downstream of the pollution control element. The conduit 20p then passes through a heat exchanger 25 of the air/water type in which the air or the burnt gases exchange a quantity of heat with the cooling water.
  • the passage duct is controlled for its opening/closing by a valve called the EGR valve 24 and it is extended by a supply duct 20a for the recirculated gases up to the inlet of the engine 27, here up to the stage of 22 gas compression.
  • the gas passage duct 20p from its outlet in the exhaust line duct 20 downstream of the pollution control element 17 as far as the EGR valve 24 is common with the circulation duct 1 the air heater.
  • the passage duct 20p comprises an impurity filter 13 arranged near its opening into the exhaust duct 20.
  • the passage duct 20p passes through a heat exchanger 25 of the air/water type intended to cool the EGR burnt gases.
  • the hot air can also yield heat to the water in the exchanger of the engine cooling circuit and allow the rise in temperature of said liquid also causing the rise in temperature of the engine elements, favoring the conditions for starting the engine.
  • the gas passage duct therefore comprises at the downstream end 20y a Y connector with two branches: a first so-called heating branch 1 lb, connected to the exhaust line 20 upstream 17a of the depollution and whose opening/closing G is controlled by the control valve 14, and a second branch 20a connected to an air intake line and whose opening/closing G is controlled by the EGR valve 24.
  • the opening of one of the two valves 14,24 can only be performed when the other valve is in the closed position.
  • control valve 14 and the EGR valve 24 are able to define the role of the passage duct 1 la, 20p which alternates between the air heating duct 1 la and the EGR burnt gas recirculation duct 20p.
  • the operation of the heating device is described below with integration into the EGR burnt gas recirculation circuit.
  • a first verification step 110 of the heating requirement conditions include:
  • a temperature estimate 113 of the depollution element below a minimum temperature threshold which may be of the order of 400°C.
  • the three conditions must be fulfilled to validate the start of the heating of the depollution element.
  • a second heating step 120 which includes the following actions:
  • the heating step 120 ends for example at:
  • Either of the conditions can end the heating step 120.
  • step 140 of stopping the heating which includes the following actions:
  • the opening/closing of the EGR valve can be defined in a method 110 specific to the recirculation of the recirculated burnt gases EGR or for managing the recirculation circuit of burnt gases EGR comprising the device 10 for air heating, especially with the internal combustion engine running.
  • the operation of the air circulation element can also be controlled by the method 110 specific to the recirculation of the recirculated burnt gases EGR in particular with the heat engine in operation to improve the recirculation of the burnt gases EGR.
  • the mixing element can improve the recirculation of the gases recirculated towards the intake of the engine.
  • the opening of the EGR valve preferentially causes the mixing of the gases by the mixing element.
  • the heating device of the depollution element allows a fairly rapid rise in temperature of the depollution element with contained electrical energy consumption and allows the combustion engine to be started under better temperature conditions.
  • the Y connector at the downstream end of the gas passage duct can be controlled by a multi-way valve.
  • the heating device of the depollution element can also be arranged on a vehicle with only or non-hybrid internal combustion engine.
  • the start-up of said heat engine includes a preliminary heating phase to bring the depollution element to the optimum operating temperature. Ignition of the heat engine will then be possible.
  • the heating time will depend on the electrical power available. In extreme temperature conditions, the heating time can be of the order of a few tens of seconds at -20°C ambient temperature.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a device (10) for heating an emission control element (17) for exhaust gas from a heat engine of a motor vehicle comprising an exhaust line (20) passing through the emission control element, characterized in that the device (10) comprises a closed loop (10b) for heating air penetrating the emission control element (17).

Description

Description Description
Titre de l'invention : Système EGR avec préchauffage de dispositif de dépollution Title of the invention: EGR system with preheating of pollution control device
Domaine technique de l’invention Technical field of the invention
[0001] La présente invention concerne un moteur à combustion interne équipé d’un système de dépollution des gaz d’échappement. The present invention relates to an internal combustion engine equipped with an exhaust gas pollution control system.
[0002] La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de chauffage du système de dépollution du moteur à combustion interne associé avec un moteur électrique. The present invention relates more particularly to a heating device for the pollution control system of the internal combustion engine associated with an electric motor.
Etat de la technique State of the art
[0003] Afin de réduire les émissions de polluants dans l’atmosphère, un véhicule automobile comporte une motorisation hybride. Ledit véhicule comporte ainsi un moteur à combustion interne ou thermique associé avec un moteur électrique avec une batterie. [0003] In order to reduce the emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere, a motor vehicle comprises a hybrid engine. Said vehicle thus comprises an internal combustion or thermal engine associated with an electric motor with a battery.
[0004] De manière connue, le moteur électrique est généralement employé dans une phase de roulage qui suit le démarrage du véhicule. Le moteur thermique est sollicité ensuite en fonction de la charge de la batterie du moteur électrique. [0004] In known manner, the electric motor is generally used in a driving phase which follows the start of the vehicle. The internal combustion engine is then activated according to the charge of the battery of the electric motor.
[0005] Le moteur thermique est équipe d’un système de dépollution. Pour tous les types de véhicule automobile avec un moteur à combustion interne, le système de dépollution varie selon la motorisation mais, dans tous les cas, le système de dépollution comprend au moins un élément de dépollution. [0005] The internal combustion engine is equipped with a depollution system. For all types of motor vehicle with an internal combustion engine, the pollution control system varies according to the engine but, in all cases, the pollution control system comprises at least one pollution control element.
[0006] Pour les véhicules à essence ou à allumage commandé, une dépollution est fré quemment réalisée par un catalyseur, dit trois voies. Il peut être aussi muni d'un filtreà particules spécifiquement adapté au carburant essence, ce catalyseur étant connu sous l'acronyme anglo-saxon de GPF (pour Gas Particle Filter en anglais et) filtre à particules essence en français. [0006] For petrol or spark-ignition vehicles, depollution is frequently carried out by a so-called three-way catalyst. It can also be provided with a particle filter specifically adapted to gasoline fuel, this catalyst being known by the Anglo-Saxon acronym of GPF (for Gas Particle Filter in English and) gasoline particle filter in French.
[0007] Ces catalyseurs nécessitent d'être au moins à une certaine température seuil dite tem pérature minimale de fonctionnement du catalyseur pour être efficaces. En effet, lors d'un fonctionnement déficient du ou des catalyseurs, une grande partie des émissions d'un polluant spécifique hors d'un véhicule automobile a lieu avant que le catalyseur dédié à la dépollution du polluant spécifique atteigne la température minimale de fonc tionnement. [0007] These catalysts need to be at least at a certain threshold temperature called the minimum operating temperature of the catalyst in order to be effective. In fact, during defective operation of the catalyst(s), a large part of the emissions of a specific pollutant from a motor vehicle take place before the catalyst dedicated to the depollution of the specific pollutant reaches the minimum operating temperature. .
[0008] Le seuil de température varie de fait selon le type de catalyseur. La montée en tem pérature du système de dépollution peut être entraînée par les gaz d'échappement ou par un équipement extérieur, par exemple un chauffage électrique d'appoint. Ainsi, les lignes d'échappement utilisent aujourd'hui soit des catalyseurs chauffés ou non chauffés électriquement. [0009] Actuellement, on connaît une stratégie de chauffe d'un élément de dépollution comprenant un catalyseur basé sur une durée fixe de chauffe. A la fin de cette durée de chauffe, le catalyseur a atteint sa température minimale de fonctionnement, selon des tests de validation par exemple. [0008] The temperature threshold actually varies according to the type of catalyst. The rise in temperature of the pollution control system can be caused by the exhaust gases or by external equipment, for example an additional electric heater. Thus, the exhaust lines today use either heated or non-electrically heated catalysts. [0009] Currently, we know a strategy for heating a depollution element comprising a catalyst based on a fixed heating time. At the end of this heating time, the catalyst has reached its minimum operating temperature, according to validation tests for example.
[0010] Un inconvénient est la consommation électrique des systèmes électriques de chauffe des catalyseurs, ce qui peut influer sur la charge de la batterie et réduire sensiblement l’autonomie en conduite électrique. [0010] One drawback is the electricity consumption of the electric catalyst heating systems, which can influence the charge of the battery and significantly reduce the range in electric driving.
[0011] La publication FR FR2981983-A1 propose une recirculation des gaz brûlés piqués en aval de F élément de dépollution pour être ramenés en amont dudit élément de dé pollution pour améliorer la montée en température des gaz en amont de l’élément de dépollution. [0011] The publication FR FR2981983-A1 proposes a recirculation of the burnt gases tapped downstream of the depollution element to be brought back upstream of the said depollution element to improve the temperature rise of the gases upstream of the depollution element.
[0012] Cette proposition permet d’accélérer la montée en température des gaz brûlés en amont de l’élément de dépollution mais présente une efficacité réduite lors des phases de démarrage du moteur car la température des gaz n’est pas suffisamment forte, la pollution reste sensiblement importante lors des phases de démarrage du moteur. [0012] This proposal makes it possible to accelerate the rise in temperature of the burnt gases upstream of the depollution element but has reduced efficiency during the engine start-up phases because the temperature of the gases is not high enough, the pollution remains significantly high during the engine starting phases.
[0013] Le but de l’invention est de remédier à ces problèmes et un des objets de l’invention est un dispositif de chauffage d’un élément de dépollution avant le démarrage du moteur thermique, économe en consommation d’énergie électrique, avec son procédé de fonctionnement. The object of the invention is to remedy these problems and one of the objects of the invention is a device for heating a depollution element before the start of the heat engine, economical in terms of electrical energy consumption, with its method of operation.
Présentation de l’invention Presentation of the invention
[0014] La présente invention concerne plus particulièrement un dispositif de chauffage d’un élément de dépollution de gaz brûlés d’un moteur thermique d’un véhicule automobile à motorisation hybride, ledit moteur thermique étant associé à un moteur électrique et comprenant une ligne de gaz d’échappement traversant au-moins un élément de dé pollution et comportant un conduit d’ amenée d’air chauffé, The present invention relates more particularly to a device for heating a burnt gas pollution control element of a heat engine of a motor vehicle with hybrid motorization, said heat engine being associated with an electric motor and comprising a line of exhaust gas passing through at least one depollution element and comprising a heated air supply duct,
[0015] Caractérisé en ce que le dispositif comprend une boucle fermée de chauffage d’air traversant l’élément de dépollution [0015] Characterized in that the device comprises a closed air heating loop passing through the depollution element
[0016] De manière avantageuse, le dispositif comprend une boucle fermée de chauffage et de circulation d’air qui traverse l’élément de dépollution, ladite boucle présentant un volume alors réduit qui peut rapidement monter en température. [0016] Advantageously, the device comprises a closed heating and air circulation loop which passes through the depollution element, said loop having a then reduced volume which can quickly rise in temperature.
[0017] Selon d’autres caractéristiques de l’invention : [0017] According to other characteristics of the invention:
[0018] -la boucle fermée comprend un élément de chauffage indépendant du fonctionnement du moteur. [0018] the closed loop comprises a heating element independent of the operation of the motor.
[0019] De manière avantageuse, l’élément de chauffage de la boucle fermée de chauffage d’air est indépendant du fonctionnement du moteur et peut de ce fait être activé quand le moteur est arrêté. [0019] Advantageously, the heating element of the closed air heating loop is independent of the operation of the engine and can therefore be activated when the engine is stopped.
[0020] -L’élément de chauffage est de type électrique notamment une grille de chauffage électrique. [0020] -The heating element is of the electric type, in particular a heating grid electric.
[0021] De manière avantageuse, l’élément de chauffage est de type électrique générant une faible perte de charge. Une grille de chauffage électrique est un moyen adéquat de chauffage d’air pour améliorer la montée en température sans générer de sensibles pertes de charge. Advantageously, the heating element is of the electric type generating a low pressure drop. An electric heating grid is an adequate means of heating air to improve the rise in temperature without generating significant pressure drops.
[0022] -la boucle de chauffage d’air comprend un conduit connecté à la ligne d’échappement en aval et en amont de l’élément de dépollution. [0022] the air heating loop comprises a duct connected to the exhaust line downstream and upstream of the pollution control element.
[0023] De manière avantageuse, la boucle de chauffage est de longueur courte et comprend un conduit avec une extrémité amont et une extrémité aval toutes deux connectées à la ligne d’échappement respectivement en aval et en amont de l’élément de dépollution. [0023] Advantageously, the heating loop is of short length and comprises a conduit with an upstream end and a downstream end both connected to the exhaust line respectively downstream and upstream of the depollution element.
[0024] -La boucle de chauffage d’air comprend un élément de brassage d’air à faible débit. [0024] The air heating loop comprises a low-flow air circulation element.
[0025] De manière avantageuse, la boucle de chauffage d’air comprend un élément de brassage d’air pour aider à la circulation d’air qui est chauffé par l’élément de chauffage. Le débit de brassage est faible et permet une homogénéisation du chauffage de l’air et de sa montée en température. [0025] Advantageously, the air heating loop comprises an air circulation element to help the circulation of air which is heated by the heating element. The mixing flow is low and allows a homogenization of the heating of the air and its rise in temperature.
[0026] -La boucle de chauffage comprend une vanne de contrôle de circulation d’air agencée en amont selon le sens de circulation d’air de l’élément de chauffage. -The heating loop includes an air circulation control valve arranged upstream according to the direction of air circulation of the heating element.
[0027] De manière avantageuse, la boucle de chauffage comprend une vanne de contrôle de circulation d’air apte à autoriser/bloquer la circulation d’air dans ladite boucle de chauffage vers l’élément de dépollution. Ainsi la circulation d’air chaud pour améliorer la montée en température de l’élément de dépollution peut être facilement pilotée notamment grâce à des sondes de température en mont ou aval de l’élément de dé pollution. [0027] Advantageously, the heating loop comprises an air circulation control valve capable of authorizing/blocking the circulation of air in said heating loop towards the depollution element. Thus the circulation of hot air to improve the temperature rise of the depollution element can be easily controlled, in particular thanks to temperature sensors upstream or downstream of the depollution element.
[0028] -la boucle de chauffage est partie d’un circuit de recirculation des gaz brûlés. [0028] the heating loop is part of a burnt gas recirculation circuit.
[0029] De manière avantageuse, le moteur thermique comporte un circuit de recirculation de gaz brûlés basse pression dite circuit EGR qui présente une partie commune avec la boucle de chauffage, notamment en amont d’une vanne EGR apte à contrôler le retour des gaz brûlé EGR vers l’admission du moteur. La vanne EGr et la vanne de contrôle de la boucle de chauffage permettent une distribution de l’air soit vers l’élément de dé pollution notamment après passage par l’élément de chauffage de cet air, soit vers l’admission du moteur. Les deux vannes agissent pour n’offrir au plus qu’un seul des deux passages à la fois. [0029] Advantageously, the combustion engine comprises a low pressure burnt gas recirculation circuit called the EGR circuit which has a common part with the heating loop, in particular upstream of an EGR valve capable of controlling the return of the burnt gases. EGR to engine intake. The EGr valve and the heating loop control valve allow air to be distributed either to the pollution control element, in particular after this air has passed through the heating element, or to the engine intake. The two valves act to offer at most only one of the two passages at a time.
[0030] L’invention concerne également un circuit de recirculation des gaz brûlés basse pression comprenant une boucle de chauffage d’un élément de dépollution. The invention also relates to a low pressure burnt gas recirculation circuit comprising a heating loop for a depollution element.
[0031] L’invention concerne également un procédé de gestion du chauffage d’air en vue de la montée en température d’un élément de dépollution qui comporte : The invention also relates to a method for managing air heating with a view to raising the temperature of a depollution element which comprises:
[0032] -une étape de vérification des conditions de nécessité de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution [0033] -une étape de chauffage de l’air en boucle fermée entraînant la montée en tem pérature de l’élément de dépollution. [0032] a step for verifying the conditions of need for heating of the depollution element [0033] a step of heating the air in a closed loop causing the rise in temperature of the depollution element.
[0034] -une étape d’arrêt du chauffage de l’élément de dépollution avec autorisation du démarrage du moteur thermique. [0034] a stage of stopping the heating of the depollution element with authorization to start the heat engine.
[0035] De manière avantageuse, le dispositif de chauffage fonctionne selon un procédé de gestion dudit chauffage, procédé qui comprend les étapes successives suivantes : Advantageously, the heating device operates according to a method for managing said heating, a method which comprises the following successive steps:
[0036] -une première étape de vérification des conditions de nécessité de chauffage, par exemple avec une estimation de la température de l’élément de dépollution, [0036] -a first step of verifying the conditions of need for heating, for example with an estimate of the temperature of the depollution element,
[0037] -une seconde étape de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution avec passage de l’air dans la boucle fermée de chauffage. Ladite étape de chauffage peut se dérouler sur un intervalle de temps avant une nouvelle vérification des conditions de nécessité de chauffage. Cette étape comprend l’ouverture de la vanne de contrôle de passage, le fonctionnement de l’élément de chauffage, le fonctionnement de l’élément de brassage d’air et éventuellement la fermeture de la vanne EGR. [0037] a second stage of heating the depollution element with passage of the air in the closed heating loop. Said heating step can take place over a time interval before a new verification of the heating requirement conditions. This step includes opening the flow control valve, operating the heating element, operating the circulating air element, and possibly closing the EGR valve.
[0038] -une étape d’arrêt du chauffage de l’élément de dépollution avec : [0038] - a stage of stopping the heating of the depollution element with:
[0039] *la fermeture de la vanne de contrôle, [0039] * the closing of the control valve,
[0040] *l’ arrêt du fonctionnement de l’élément de chauffage, [0040] * stopping the operation of the heating element,
[0041] *l’ émission d’un signal d’autorisation du démarrage du moteur thermique. [0041] * the emission of an authorization signal for the start of the heat engine.
[0042] *l’ émission d’un signal d’autorisation de l’ouverture possible de la vanne EGR suivant la gestion de l’admission du moteur thermique. [0042] *the emission of an authorization signal for the possible opening of the EGR valve following the management of the combustion engine intake.
[0043] Selon d’autres caractéristiques du procédé : [0043] According to other characteristics of the process:
[0044] -le brassage d’air peut être commandé par l’ouverture de la vanne EGR. [0044] -the air circulation can be controlled by opening the EGR valve.
[0045] De manière avantageuse, le brassage d’air ou de gaz brûlés peut être enclenché lors du fonctionnement du moteur thermique notamment avec l’ouverture de la vanne EGR pour améliorer la recirculation des gaz EGR basse pression vers l’admission du moteur thermique. [0045] Advantageously, the mixing of air or burnt gases can be triggered during operation of the heat engine, in particular with the opening of the EGR valve to improve the recirculation of low-pressure EGR gases to the inlet of the heat engine. .
Brève description des figures Brief description of figures
[0046] D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs et représentés sur les dessins annexés, dans lesquels : Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear on reading the following description of particular embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting examples and represented in the appended drawings, in which:
[0047] [fig.l] est une vue schématique d’un dispositif de chauffage d’un élément de dé pollution de moteur thermique. [0047] [fig.l] is a schematic view of a heating device for a combustion engine depollution element.
[0048] [fig-2] est une vue schématique d’un procédé de gestion du dispositif de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution de moteur thermique. [0048] [fig-2] is a schematic view of a method for managing the heating device of the thermal engine depollution element.
[0049] Dans la description qui va suivre, des chiffres de référence identiques désignent des pièces identiques ou ayant des fonctions similaires. In the following description, identical reference numerals designate identical parts or parts having similar functions.
[0050] Dans la description et les revendications, on utilisera à titre non limitatif les ex- pressions «amont» et «aval» qui sont déterminées par le sens d'écoulement des gaz d'échappement dans la ligne d'échappement du dispositif de dépollution et du circuit de recirculation des gaz brûlés recirculés ou EGR acronyme pour « Exhaust Gaz Recir culation » en anglais, en référence aux flèches de la figure 1. [0050] In the description and the claims, use will be made, without limitation, of the former "upstream" and "downstream" pressures which are determined by the direction of flow of the exhaust gases in the exhaust line of the pollution control device and the recirculation circuit of the recirculated burnt gases or EGR acronym for "Exhaust Gas Recirculation in English, with reference to the arrows in figure 1.
[0051] L’invention concerne un véhicule automobile avec une motorisation hybride comprenant un moteur électrique et un moteur thermique. The invention relates to a motor vehicle with a hybrid engine comprising an electric motor and a heat engine.
[0052] Afin d’améliorer les performances du moteur thermique ou à combustion interne, le moteur thermique (non représenté) comprend un étage de compresseur 22 d’air d’admission qui peut être associé avec un étage de turbine 23 apte à récupérer au moins en partie l’énergie dynamique des gaz brûlés en sortie de la chambre à combustion du moteur. Les deux étages forment un turbocompresseur 21 comme re présenté en figure 1. In order to improve the performance of the thermal or internal combustion engine, the thermal engine (not shown) comprises an intake air compressor stage 22 which can be associated with a turbine stage 23 able to recover at less in part the dynamic energy of the burnt gases leaving the combustion chamber of the engine. The two stages form a turbocharger 21 as shown in Figure 1.
[0053] Afin de diminuer la génération des polluants, le moteur thermique comporte un circuit de recirculation 20r des gaz brûlés. Selon l’invention, les gaz brûlés dans le mode de réalisation représenté sont des gaz brûlés basse pression c’est-à-dire que lesdits gaz brûlés sont prélevés dans la ligne d’échappement en aval d’un élément de dépollution tel qu’un catalyseur 17 dit de réduction catalytique sélective, aussi connu sous le sigle SCR pour "Sélective Catalytic Réduction" en terminologie anglaise, qui est conçu pour éliminer les oxydes d'azotes, ou un filtre à particules pour éliminer les particules de suie, ou un catalyseur d'oxydation aussi connu sous le sigle DOC pour "Diesel Oxydation Catalyst" en terminologie anglaise, pour éliminer le monoxyde de carbone (CO) et les hydrocarbures imbrûlés. Les gaz brûlés sont ensuite renvoyés vers l’admission du moteur pour être mélangés avec de l’air frais capté depuis la face avant du véhicule. In order to reduce the generation of pollutants, the heat engine comprises a recirculation circuit 20r of the burnt gases. According to the invention, the burnt gases in the embodiment shown are low pressure burnt gases, that is to say that said burnt gases are taken from the exhaust line downstream of a depollution element such as a so-called selective catalytic reduction catalyst 17, also known by the acronym SCR for "Selective Catalytic Reduction" in English terminology, which is designed to eliminate nitrogen oxides, or a particulate filter to eliminate soot particles, or a oxidation catalyst also known by the acronym DOC for "Diesel Oxidation Catalyst" in English terminology, to eliminate carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbons. The burnt gases are then returned to the engine intake to be mixed with fresh air captured from the front of the vehicle.
[0054] De manière connue, les éléments de dépollution 17 nécessitent d’être portés à un niveau de température minimale pour être pleinement efficace et remplir sa fonction de dépollution des gaz brûlés. Il est connu d’injecter du carburant pour augmenter la tem pérature des gaz à l’entrée dans l’élément de dépollution, le moteur thermique étant démarré. In known manner, the depollution elements 17 need to be brought to a minimum temperature level to be fully effective and fulfill its function of depolluting the burnt gases. It is known to inject fuel to increase the temperature of the gases entering the pollution control element, the heat engine being started.
[0055] Ici, les gaz brûlés sont renvoyés en amont 27 de l’étage de compression 22. Here, the burnt gases are returned upstream 27 of the compression stage 22.
[0056] Au démarrage du véhicule, de façon connue, le moteur électrique (non représenté) est sollicité pour parcourir quelques kilomètres voire quelques dizaines de kilomètres selon la puissance de la batterie électrique associée au moteur électrique. When starting the vehicle, in a known manner, the electric motor (not shown) is requested to travel a few kilometers or even a few tens of kilometers depending on the power of the electric battery associated with the electric motor.
[0057] L’invention a pour but de profiter lors du parcours du véhicule, de la sollicitation du moteur électrique pour préparer le moteur thermique à prendre éventuellement la relève et notamment de préparer l’élément de dépollution 17 dans les conditions optimales de température de fonctionnement. [0057] The object of the invention is to take advantage during the course of the vehicle, of the solicitation of the electric motor to prepare the heat engine to possibly take over and in particular to prepare the depollution element 17 under the optimal temperature conditions of functioning.
[0058] Selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention, le moteur thermique comporte un dispositif de chauffage 10 de l’élément de dépollution, qui est apte à fonctionner lors de la phase de sollicitation du moteur électrique avec le moteur thermique à l’arrêt ou sans combustion. According to one embodiment of the invention, the heat engine comprises a heating device 10 of the depollution element, which is capable of operating during the phase of stressing the electric motor with the thermal engine stopped or without combustion.
[0059] Ledit dispositif de chauffage d’air comporte une boucle fermée 10b comportant un conduit de circulation d’air 1 la,l lb ou de gaz connecté à une extrémité amont à l’extrémité aval 17b ou de sortie de l’élément de dépollution 17, et à l’extrémité aval opposée à l’extrémité amont 17a ou entrée de l’élément de dépollution. [0059] Said air heating device comprises a closed loop 10b comprising an air circulation duct 11a, 11b or gas connected at an upstream end to the downstream end 17b or to the outlet of the heating element. depollution 17, and at the downstream end opposite the upstream end 17a or inlet of the depollution element.
[0060] Selon la figure 1, le conduit de circulation débouche à son extrémité amont dans un conduit d’échappement 20 de la ligne d’échappement du moteur en amont par exemple d’un pot catalytique 30. Ledit pot catalytique 30 forme un obstacle pouvant générer de fortes pertes de charge, à la circulation d’air. L’air chauffé circule de préférence alors dans le conduit de circulation lia. According to Figure 1, the circulation duct opens at its upstream end into an exhaust duct 20 of the exhaust line of the engine upstream, for example of a catalytic converter 30. Said catalytic converter 30 forms an obstacle which can generate high pressure drops, to air circulation. The heated air then preferably circulates in the circulation duct IIa.
[0061] De même, le conduit de circulation 1 lb débouche à son extrémité aval dans le conduit d’échappement 20 en aval de l’étage de turbine 23 du turbocompresseur 21, qui forme un obstacle pouvant générer de fortes pertes de charge et à la circulation de l’air qui est alors dirigé vers l’élément de dépollution 17. Similarly, the circulation duct 1 lb opens at its downstream end into the exhaust duct 20 downstream of the turbine stage 23 of the turbocharger 21, which forms an obstacle that can generate high pressure drops and the circulation of the air which is then directed towards the pollution control element 17.
[0062] De ce fait, on obtient facilement une boucle fermée 10b de circulation d’air de longueur courte qui passe par l’élément de dépollution 17 et relie la sortie 17b à l’entrée 17a dudit élément de dépollution. [0062] As a result, a closed air circulation loop 10b of short length is easily obtained which passes through the depollution element 17 and connects the outlet 17b to the inlet 17a of said depollution element.
[0063] De manière préférentielle, une première sonde 16’ de température est disposée au niveau de l’entrée 17a dans l’élément de dépollution et une seconde sonde 16” de tem pérature est disposée en aval ou à la sortie 17b dudit élément. Les deux sondes sont aptes à mesurer la température de l’air ou des gaz à l’entrée et à la sortie de l’élément de dépollution pour estimer une température dudit élément 17. Preferably, a first temperature probe 16′ is placed at the inlet 17a in the depollution element and a second temperature probe 16″ is placed downstream or at the outlet 17b of said element. The two probes are capable of measuring the temperature of the air or of the gases at the inlet and at the outlet of the depollution element in order to estimate a temperature of said element 17.
[0064] Il est à noter que l’invention n’est pas réduite à une estimation de la température de l’élément de dépollution telle que décrite ci-dessus avec deux sondes de températures 16’, 16”. On peut aussi par exemple insérer une sonde de température dédiée à l’intérieur de l’élément de dépollution 17. It should be noted that the invention is not limited to an estimation of the temperature of the depollution element as described above with two temperature probes 16′, 16″. It is also possible, for example, to insert a dedicated temperature sensor inside the depollution element 17.
[0065] Le dispositif de chauffage 10 selon un mode de réalisation de l’invention comprend la boucle fermée 10b de longueur courte pour faire circuler de l’air entre la sortie 17b et l’entrée 17a de l’élément de dépollution 17, et un élément de chauffage de l’air circulé 15. The heating device 10 according to one embodiment of the invention comprises the closed loop 10b of short length to circulate air between the outlet 17b and the inlet 17a of the depollution element 17, and a circulating air heating element 15.
[0066] L’air circule dans la boucle grâce à un élément de brassage d’air 12 à faible débit qui peut être un ventilateur. Le faible débit de l’ordre de 6 litres/seconde permet de faciliter la montée en température de l’air circulé et d’homogénéiser la température de l’air chauffé. The air circulates in the loop thanks to a low-flow air mixing element 12 which can be a fan. The low flow of around 6 litres/second facilitates the rise in temperature of the circulated air and homogenizes the temperature of the heated air.
[0067] Le dispositif de chauffage 10 comprend un élément de chauffage 15 indépendant du fonctionnement du moteur thermique. Ledit élément de chauffage 15 est de manière préférentielle de type électrique par exemple une grille de chauffage électrique. L’avantage de ce type d’élément de chauffage est d’une part une facilité d’agencement dans le conduit de circulation 1 lb, et d’autre part d’entraîner une faible perte de charge au passage d’air. The heating device 10 comprises a heating element 15 independent of the operation of the heat engine. Said heating element 15 is so preferably of the electric type, for example an electric heating grid. The advantage of this type of heating element is on the one hand an ease of arrangement in the circulation duct 1 lb, and on the other hand to cause a low pressure drop in the passage of air.
[0068] Le dispositif 10 de chauffage d’air comprend une vanne de contrôle 14 de la cir culation d’air dans le conduit de circulation 1 la,l lb. Ladite vanne 14 est apte à obturer le conduit 1 la,l lb ou à autoriser le passage d’air dans la boucle fermée 10b. Ladite vanne 14 est agencée de manière préférentielle en amont de l’élément de chauffage 15 notamment quand la boucle fermée est partie d’un circuit de recirculation 20r de gaz brûlés EGR basse pression. The air heating device 10 comprises a control valve 14 for the circulation of air in the circulation duct 1 la, 1 lb. Said valve 14 is able to close the pipe 11a, 11b or to allow the passage of air in the closed loop 10b. Said valve 14 is preferably arranged upstream of the heating element 15, in particular when the closed loop is part of a low pressure EGR burnt gas recirculation circuit 20r.
[0069] Selon un mode de réalisation, le circuit de recirculation 20r des gaz brûlés EGR basse pression comprend le dispositif 10 de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution avec la boucle fermée 10b . According to one embodiment, the low pressure EGR burnt gas recirculation circuit 20r comprises the device 10 for heating the pollution control element with the closed loop 10b.
[0070] Le circuit de recirculation 20r des gaz brûlés EGR basse pression est ici connecté à la ligne d’échappement 20 en aval de l’élément de dépollution 17. Il comprend un conduit de passage 20p des gaz qui débouche dans le conduit de la ligne d’échappement 20 en aval de l’élément de dépollution. Le conduit de passage 20p traverse ensuite un échangeur de chaleur 25 de type air/eau dans lequel l’air ou les gaz brûlés échangent une quantité de chaleur avec de l’eau de refroidissement. Le conduit de passage est contrôlé pour son ouverture/obturation par une vanne dite vanne EGR 24 et il est prolongé par un conduit d’ amenée 20a des gaz recirculés jusqu’à l’admission du moteur 27, ici jusqu’à l’étage de compression 22 des gaz. The low pressure EGR burnt gas recirculation circuit 20r is here connected to the exhaust line 20 downstream of the pollution control element 17. It comprises a gas passage duct 20p which opens into the duct of the exhaust line 20 downstream of the pollution control element. The conduit 20p then passes through a heat exchanger 25 of the air/water type in which the air or the burnt gases exchange a quantity of heat with the cooling water. The passage duct is controlled for its opening/closing by a valve called the EGR valve 24 and it is extended by a supply duct 20a for the recirculated gases up to the inlet of the engine 27, here up to the stage of 22 gas compression.
[0071] De manière avantageuse, le conduit de passage 20p des gaz depuis son débouché dans le conduit de la ligne d’échappement 20 en aval de l’élément de dépollution 17 jusqu’à la vanne EGR 24 est commun avec le conduit de circulation 1 la de chauffage d’air. [0071] Advantageously, the gas passage duct 20p from its outlet in the exhaust line duct 20 downstream of the pollution control element 17 as far as the EGR valve 24 is common with the circulation duct 1 the air heater.
[0072] De manière préférentielle, le conduit de passage 20p comprend un filtre à impuretés 13 agencé à proximité de son débouché dans le conduit d’échappement 20. [0072] Preferably, the passage duct 20p comprises an impurity filter 13 arranged near its opening into the exhaust duct 20.
[0073] De manière préférentielle, le conduit de passage 20p traverse un échangeur de chaleur 25 de type air/eau destiné à refroidir les gaz brûlés EGR. Ainsi en phase de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution 17, l’air chaud peut également céder de la chaleur à l’eau dans l’échangeur du circuit de refroidissement du moteur et permettre la montée en température dudit liquide entraînant également la montée en température des éléments du moteur, favorisant les conditions de démarrage du moteur. Preferably, the passage duct 20p passes through a heat exchanger 25 of the air/water type intended to cool the EGR burnt gases. Thus in the heating phase of the depollution element 17, the hot air can also yield heat to the water in the exchanger of the engine cooling circuit and allow the rise in temperature of said liquid also causing the rise in temperature of the engine elements, favoring the conditions for starting the engine.
[0074] Le conduit de passage des gaz comprend donc à l’extrémité aval 20y un raccord en Y avec deux branches : une première branche 1 lb dite de chauffage, connectée à la ligne d’échappement 20 en amont 17a de l’élément de dépollution et dont G ouverture/obturation est contrôlée par la vanne de contrôle 14, et une seconde branche 20a connectée à une ligne d’admission d’air et dont G ouverture/obturation est contrôlée par la vanne EGR 24. L’ouverture de l’une des deux vannes 14,24 ne peut être effectuée que lorsque l’autre vanne est en position de fermeture. The gas passage duct therefore comprises at the downstream end 20y a Y connector with two branches: a first so-called heating branch 1 lb, connected to the exhaust line 20 upstream 17a of the depollution and whose opening/closing G is controlled by the control valve 14, and a second branch 20a connected to an air intake line and whose opening/closing G is controlled by the EGR valve 24. The opening of one of the two valves 14,24 can only be performed when the other valve is in the closed position.
[0075] Ainsi la vanne de contrôle 14 et la vanne EGR 24 sont aptes à définir le rôle du conduit de passage 1 la,20p qui alterne entre conduit 1 la de chauffage d’air et conduit de recirculation 20p des gaz brûlés EGR. Thus the control valve 14 and the EGR valve 24 are able to define the role of the passage duct 1 la, 20p which alternates between the air heating duct 1 la and the EGR burnt gas recirculation duct 20p.
[0076] Le fonctionnement du dispositif de chauffage est décrit ci-après avec une intégration dans le circuit de recirculation des gaz brûlés EGR. The operation of the heating device is described below with integration into the EGR burnt gas recirculation circuit.
[0077] Ledit fonctionnement suit un procédé 100 comprend les étapes successives suivantes : Said operation follows a method 100 comprising the following successive steps:
[0078] -une première étape de vérification 110 des conditions de nécessité de chauffage. Lesdites conditions comprennent : [0078] a first verification step 110 of the heating requirement conditions. These conditions include:
[0079] *une validation de l’arrêt du moteur thermique 111, [0079] *a validation of the stopping of the heat engine 111,
[0080] *une validation du démarrage et/ou fonctionnement du moteur électrique 112, [0080] *a validation of the start and/or operation of the electric motor 112,
[0081] *une estimation de température 113 de l’élément de dépollution inférieure à un seuil minimal de température qui peut être de l’ordre de 400°C. [0081] *a temperature estimate 113 of the depollution element below a minimum temperature threshold which may be of the order of 400°C.
[0082] Les trois conditions doivent être remplies pour valider le démarrage du chauffage de l’élément de dépollution. The three conditions must be fulfilled to validate the start of the heating of the depollution element.
[0083] -une deuxième étape de chauffage 120 qui comprend les actions suivantes : [0083] a second heating step 120 which includes the following actions:
[0084] *fermeture/obturation 121 de la vanne EGR 24, [0084] *closing/closing 121 of the EGR valve 24,
[0085] *ouverture 122 de la vanne de contrôle 14 de passage d’air, [0085] * opening 122 of the air passage control valve 14,
[0086] *allumage 123 de l’élément de chauffage 15 d’air, [0086] *ignition 123 of the heating element 15 of air,
[0087] * démarrage 124 du brassage d’air. [0087] * start 124 of air circulation.
[0088] -une étape de validation de la fin du chauffage 130 [0088] -a stage of validation of the end of heating 130
[0089] L’étape de chauffage 120 prend fin par exemple à : The heating step 120 ends for example at:
[0090] *l’ atteinte 131 du seuil minimal de température par l’élément de dépollution, ou par[0090] *the achievement 131 of the minimum temperature threshold by the depollution element, or by
[0091] *le démarrage 132 du moteur thermique. [0091] *the start 132 of the heat engine.
[0092] L’une ou l’autre des conditions peut mettre fin à l’étape de chauffage 120. Either of the conditions can end the heating step 120.
[0093] -une troisième étape 140 d’arrêt du chauffage qui comprend les actions suivantes : [0093] -a third step 140 of stopping the heating which includes the following actions:
[0094] * arrêt du chauffage 141 de l’élément de chauffage 15, [0094] * stop heating 141 of heating element 15,
[0095] *fermeture ou obturation 142 de la branche de chauffage 1 lb par la vanne de contrôle 14, [0095] * closing or blocking 142 of the heating branch 1 lb by the control valve 14,
[0096] Autorisation 143 de l’ouverture de la vanne EGR. [0096] Authorization 143 to open the EGR valve.
[0097] L’ouverture/fermeture de la vanne EGR peut être définie dans un procédé 110 propre à la recirculation des gaz brûlés recirculés EGR ou de gestion du circuit de recir culation de gaz brûlés EGR comprenant le dispositif 10 de chauffage d’air, notamment avec le moteur thermique en fonctionnement. The opening/closing of the EGR valve can be defined in a method 110 specific to the recirculation of the recirculated burnt gases EGR or for managing the recirculation circuit of burnt gases EGR comprising the device 10 for air heating, especially with the internal combustion engine running.
[0098] Le fonctionnement de l’élément de brassage d’air peut également être commandé par le procédé 110 propre à la recirculation des gaz brûlés recirculés EGR notamment avec le moteur thermique en fonctionnement pour améliorer la recirculation des gaz brûlés EGR. En effet, l’élément de brassage peut améliorer la recirculation des gaz recirculés vers l’admission du moteur. L’ouverture de la vanne EGR entraîne de manière préfé rentielle le brassage des gaz par l’élément de brassage. [0098] The operation of the air circulation element can also be controlled by the method 110 specific to the recirculation of the recirculated burnt gases EGR in particular with the heat engine in operation to improve the recirculation of the burnt gases EGR. In fact, the mixing element can improve the recirculation of the gases recirculated towards the intake of the engine. The opening of the EGR valve preferentially causes the mixing of the gases by the mixing element.
[0099] L’objectif est atteint : [0099] The objective is achieved:
[0100] Le dispositif de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution permet une montée en tem pérature assez rapide de l’élément de dépollution avec une consommation d’énergie électrique contenue et permet un démarrage du moteur thermique dans de meilleures conditions de température. [0100] The heating device of the depollution element allows a fairly rapid rise in temperature of the depollution element with contained electrical energy consumption and allows the combustion engine to be started under better temperature conditions.
[0101] Comme il va de soi, l'invention ne se limite pas aux seules formes d'exécution de cette prise, décrites ci-dessus à titre d'exemples, elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes. [0101] It goes without saying that the invention is not limited solely to the embodiments of this socket, described above by way of examples, on the contrary it embraces all variants thereof.
[0102] Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le raccord en Y à l’extrémité aval du conduit de passage des gaz peut être piloté par une vanne multi- voies. [0102] According to another embodiment, the Y connector at the downstream end of the gas passage duct can be controlled by a multi-way valve.
[0103] Le dispositif de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution peut aussi être disposé sur un véhicule à motorisation thermique seul ou non hybride. Dans ce cadre, le démarrage dudit moteur thermique comporte une phase de chauffage préalable pour amener l’élément de dépollution à la température optimale de fonctionnement. L’allumage du moteur thermique sera ensuite possible. Le temps de chauffe dépendra de la puissance électrique disponible. Dans des conditions extrêmes de température, le temps de chauffage peut être de l’ordre de quelques dizaines de secondes sous -20°C de tem pérature ambiante. [0103] The heating device of the depollution element can also be arranged on a vehicle with only or non-hybrid internal combustion engine. In this context, the start-up of said heat engine includes a preliminary heating phase to bring the depollution element to the optimum operating temperature. Ignition of the heat engine will then be possible. The heating time will depend on the electrical power available. In extreme temperature conditions, the heating time can be of the order of a few tens of seconds at -20°C ambient temperature.

Claims

Revendications Claims
[Revendication 1] Dispositif de chauffage (10) d’un élément de dépollution (17) de gaz brûlés d’un moteur thermique d’un véhicule automobile comprenant une ligne de gaz d’échappement (20) traversant l’élément de dépollution, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif (10) comprend une boucle fermée (10b) de chauffage d’air traversant l’élément de dépollution (17). [Claim 1] Heating device (10) of a burnt gas pollution control element (17) of a combustion engine of a motor vehicle comprising an exhaust gas line (20) passing through the pollution control element, characterized in that the device (10) comprises a closed loop (10b) for heating air passing through the depollution element (17).
[Revendication 2] Dispositif de chauffage (10) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la boucle fermée (10b) comprend un élément de chauffage (15) in dépendant du fonctionnement du moteur. [Claim 2] Heating device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the closed loop (10b) comprises a heating element (15) independent of the operation of the motor.
[Revendication 3] Dispositif de chauffage (10) selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que L’élément de chauffage (15) est de type électrique notamment une grille de chauffage électrique. [Claim 3] Heating device (10) according to Claim 2, characterized in that the heating element (15) is of the electric type, in particular an electric heating grid.
[Revendication 4] Dispositif de chauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la boucle fermée (10b) de chauffage d’air comprend un conduit connecté (1 la,l lb) à la ligne d’échappement (20) en aval (17b) et en amont (17a) de l’élément de dépollution (17). [Claim 4] Heating device (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the closed air heating loop (10b) comprises a conduit connected (11a,11b) to the line exhaust (20) downstream (17b) and upstream (17a) of the pollution control element (17).
[Revendication 5] Dispositif de chauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la boucle fermée (10b) de chauffage d’air comprend un élément de brassage d’air (12) à faible débit. [Claim 5] Heating device (10) according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the closed air heating loop (10b) comprises a low-flow air circulation element (12) .
[Revendication 6] Dispositif de chauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que la boucle fermée (10b) de chauffage comprend une vanne (14) de contrôle de circulation d’air agencée en amont selon le sens de circulation d’air de l’élément de chauffage (15). [Claim 6] Heating device (10) according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the closed heating loop (10b) comprises an air circulation control valve (14) arranged upstream along the direction of air circulation of the heating element (15).
[Revendication 7] Dispositif de chauffage (10) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la boucle fermée (10b) de chauffage est partie d’un circuit de recirculation (20r) des gaz brûlés. [Claim 7] Heating device (10) according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the closed heating loop (10b) is part of a burnt gas recirculation circuit (20r).
[Revendication 8] Circuit de recirculation (20r) des gaz brûlés basse pression comprenant un dispositif de chauffage (10) d’un élément de dépollution (17) selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7. [Claim 8] Low pressure burnt gas recirculation circuit (20r) comprising a heating device (10) for a depollution element (17) according to any one of Claims 1 to 7.
[Revendication 9] Procédé (100) de gestion d’un dispositif de chauffage de chauffage d’un élément de dépollution d’un moteur thermique selon l’une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 comportant : [Claim 9] Method (100) for managing a heating device for heating a depollution element of a heat engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7 comprising:
-une étape de vérification des conditions de nécessité de chauffage de l’élément de dépollution - a step for checking the conditions of need for heating of the depollution element
-une étape de chauffage de l’air en boucle fermée entraînant la montée en température de l’élément de dépollution avec un brassage de l’air -une étape d’arrêt du chauffage de l’élément de dépollution avec auto- risation du démarrage du moteur thermique. - a step of heating the air in a closed loop causing the depollution element to rise in temperature with air circulation - a step of stopping the heating of the depollution element with self- rization of the thermal engine starting.
[Revendication 10] Procédé de gestion (110) de circuit de recirculation (20r) des gaz brûlés d’une ligne d’échappement de moteur thermique selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l’ouverture d’une vanne EGR est accompagné par un brassage des gaz brûlés du circuit de recirculation des gaz brûlés. [Claim 10] Method for managing (110) the recirculation circuit (20r) of the burnt gases of a thermal engine exhaust line according to Claim 8, characterized in that the opening of an EGR valve is accompanied by mixing of the burnt gases from the burnt gas recirculation circuit.
EP21705179.6A 2021-02-12 2021-02-12 Egr system with preheating of an emission control device Pending EP4291761A1 (en)

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FR2880068A1 (en) * 2004-12-28 2006-06-30 Renault Sas Diesel engine control method for e.g. car, involves reintroducing external and internal exhaust gas recirculation gas, coming from exhaust or inlet valve, in cylinder during different operation points of diesel engine
FR2981983B1 (en) 2011-10-26 2013-12-27 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa EXHAUST GAS DELETION DEVICE FOR AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.
DE102015015794A1 (en) * 2015-12-02 2016-08-11 Daimler Ag A method for heating an exhaust aftertreatment device of a motor vehicle, in particular a hybrid vehicle
US10167795B2 (en) * 2017-04-05 2019-01-01 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Exhaust gas treatment system warm-up methods
KR102451916B1 (en) * 2018-05-16 2022-10-06 현대자동차 주식회사 Hybrid vehicle and method of controlling the same

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