EP4275452A1 - Heizvorrichtung - Google Patents
HeizvorrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4275452A1 EP4275452A1 EP22700719.2A EP22700719A EP4275452A1 EP 4275452 A1 EP4275452 A1 EP 4275452A1 EP 22700719 A EP22700719 A EP 22700719A EP 4275452 A1 EP4275452 A1 EP 4275452A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heating
- film
- heating device
- melt adhesive
- carrier film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
- H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
- H05B2203/005—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using multiple resistive elements or resistive zones isolated from each other
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heating device made of a film composite with an electrically insulating carrier film and a cover film, with resistance elements being arranged as flat heating elements and electrodes on the carrier film, with the electrodes connecting the resistance elements to connection points for connecting a power supply, according to the preamble of claim 1 .
- Heating devices of the type mentioned are designed as flexible heaters with different structures and are used, for example, to heat electrical components such as accumulators.
- the charging and discharging cycles as well as the service life and the safe operation of accumulators are strongly dependent on their temperature control.
- cooling devices have been proposed, for example, which consist of a film composite with a plurality of film layers, between which cooling channels are formed, into which a coolant can be introduced.
- the cooling device rests against the accumulator, so that the coolant flowing through the composite film cools the accumulator.
- the introduction of the coolant inflates the composite film somewhat, which improves the physical contact with the accumulator and thus its cooling.
- heating devices made of a film composite are known, in which resistance elements are arranged as flat heating elements and electrodes between a carrier film and a cover film.
- the electrodes connect the resistance elements to connection points for connecting a power supply, so that current can flow through the resistance elements.
- the resistance elements represent an electrical resistance in which current is converted into heat and thus form the desired heat source in the present application.
- PTC resistance elements which are also referred to as PTC thermistors, have the property of increasing electrical resistance as the temperature rises.
- PTC resistance elements with a highly non-linear characteristic are preferably used, the resistance of which initially increases slowly as the temperature rises, and suddenly increases at a temperature that is characteristic of the respective PTC resistance element increases.
- This characteristic temperature is also referred to as the switch-off temperature, because the PTC resistance element in question only has a low heating capacity when this temperature is exceeded, so that PTC resistance elements with such a non-linear characteristic curve are self-regulating and an equilibrium temperature is set during the course of use.
- Complex control devices such as temperature sensors, thermostats, current controllers and the like can therefore generally be dispensed with.
- planar heating elements are made, for example, from fusible pastes that can melt under pressure and temperature increase and, after the above-mentioned process step for connecting film layers, form structural defects when they harden again, which impair the function of the heating field in question.
- the pressure sensitivity of heating elements results in problems, for example, when used in combination with a cooling device described above, because the inflation of the film composite during the introduction of the coolant exerts pressure on the heating device and its heating elements. With each cooling process, the planar heating elements are also mechanically stressed, resulting in the risk of damage.
- Claim 1 relates to a heating device made of a film composite with an electrically insulating carrier film and a cover film, with resistance elements being arranged as flat heating elements and electrodes on the carrier film, with the electrodes connecting the resistance elements to connection points for connecting a power supply.
- the heating elements are designed in the form of a plurality of heating fields lying next to one another on the carrier film, which are each framed in their peripheral area by webs made of cured hot-melt adhesive, the cover film being attached to the carrier film with the aid of the webs made of cured hot-melt adhesive and the webs made of hardened hot-melt adhesive protrude beyond the heating fields in the direction of the cover film.
- the embodiment according to the invention offers advantages both in the manufacture of the heating device and in the application of the heating device. In the course of manufacture, the framing webs made of hot-melt adhesive protect the heating fields after they have been applied during subsequent process steps in which pressure and heat are applied.
- the hot-melt adhesive is applied to the carrier film in a structured manner, for example by screen printing, by leaving out the heating fields.
- the hot-melt adhesive can then dry briefly and thus harden.
- the quantity of hot-melt adhesive applied is selected in such a way that the webs of hardened hot-melt adhesive protrude beyond the heating fields. The webs thus absorb the pressure that is exerted when the cover film is subsequently attached, and thus protect the heating fields.
- the amount of heat transferred to the heating fields is greatly reduced, so that thermally induced structural changes in the heating fields and undesired chemical reactions of the cover film material with the heating fields are avoided.
- the amount of heat introduced in the course of attaching the cover sheet is instead applied to the hot-melt adhesive, which melts and adhesively bonds to the cover film.
- the framing webs protect the heating fields from mechanical loads, for example when used in combination with the cooling devices described above.
- the pressure exerted on the heating device is primarily absorbed by the webs, which thus protect the heating fields from mechanical stress.
- the thickness of the carrier film and the cover film are in the micrometer range and is, for example, 25 mha.
- the thickness of the heating fields is also approximately of the same order of magnitude. In this case, it is sufficient if the webs protrude only slightly beyond the heating fields, for example in the range of a few micrometers.
- the entire surface of the webs made of hardened hot-melt adhesive facing the cover film is larger than the entire surface of the heating fields facing the cover film.
- the heating fields can, for example, each be designed in the form of strips and embedded in the surrounding material of the hot-melt adhesive.
- a specific embodiment provides for the carrier film and the cover film to be a plastic film, for example a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- plastic foils ensure adequate electrical insulation from the electrical components of the composite foil and, on the other hand, enable very thin and flexible designs.
- plastics are available that can be printed, for example, using screen printing.
- the resistance elements are made as PTC resistance elements from a hardened, carbon-based paste.
- Such pastes are commercially available and are also referred to as carbon pastes or carbon lacquer. They are particularly suitable for the execution of heating elements, as they heat up quickly when current flows through and due to the admixture suitable additives reach an equilibrium temperature in a self-regulating manner.
- Waxes for example, have proven to be suitable as additives for the carbon pastes for the present invention, with the melting temperature of the waxes determining the PTC switch-off temperature, for example 42.degree.
- the carbon-based paste can be applied at room temperature in a viscous form to the plastic film by means of screen printing in the desired arrangement and thermally cured, as a result of which the heating device can be manufactured at low cost.
- the electrodes are made from a hardened, silver-based paste.
- Such silver-based pastes are also referred to as silver paint and can be printed in a similar manner in a viscous form by means of screen printing with the desired gradient onto the carrier film, it having proved expedient to print the electrodes first and then the PTC resistance elements.
- the carrier foil is designed as a laminate with an aluminum layer and that a measuring device is provided for detecting changes in capacitance between the aluminum layer and the heating fields in order to identify structural loads or damage to the foil composite.
- a measuring device is provided for detecting changes in capacitance between the aluminum layer and the heating fields in order to identify structural loads or damage to the foil composite.
- aluminum is a material with comparatively high electrical conductivity, capacitive properties appear between the aluminum layer and the heating fields, which can be used to detect an impact, i.e. a locally strong structural load or impairment of the foil composite.
- the measurement can be carried out, for example, by high-frequency PWM ("pulse width modulation") operation of the heating elements or by superimposing an AC voltage on the supply voltage of the heating elements.
- Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of a heating device according to the invention
- the 2 shows a sectional view through a heating element and the surrounding webs.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a heating device according to the invention with a longitudinal direction L and a transverse direction Q.
- FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a heating device according to the invention with a longitudinal direction L and a transverse direction Q.
- the heating fields 1 running in the form of strips in the longitudinal direction L can be seen, with a large number of heating fields 1 being arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction L and in the transverse direction Q.
- Webs 2 running in strips in the longitudinal direction L and transverse direction Q are formed between the heating fields 1 and separate two heating fields 1 lying next to one another when viewed in the longitudinal direction L and transverse direction Q.
- one electrode 3a runs in each case from the first connection points 4a in the longitudinal direction L of the heating device.
- Another electrode 3b with the opposite polarity runs in the center of the heating device in the longitudinal direction L to a second connection point 4b.
- heating fields 1 there are between six and nine heating fields 1 distributed over one half of the heating device in the transverse direction Q, and between ten and twelve heating fields 1 distributed in the longitudinal direction L.
- the number of heating fields 1 is of course dependent on the length and Width of the heater and the required heating power selected. Electrical contact is made with the heating fields 1 via the electrodes 3, for example with the aid of conductor tracks running in the transverse direction Q.
- the heating device has a layered structure made up of several layers.
- a lower carrier film 5 is designed, for example, as a laminate of a PET plastic film and an aluminum layer.
- An upper cover film 6 is designed as a PET plastic film, for example.
- PTC resistance elements Arranged on the side of the carrier film 5 facing the cover film 6 are PTC resistance elements which form the heating fields 1, as well as all the electrodes 3 and their traces.
- the electrodes 3 and their conductor tracks are made of a hardened, silver-based paste, which is applied in viscous form by means of screen printing with the desired profile to the carrier film 5 and is thermally cured.
- the PTC resistance elements are made of a hardened, carbon-based paste, which is also referred to below as carbon paste and is also applied at room temperature in viscous form by means of screen printing in the desired arrangement to the carrier film 5 and is thermally cured.
- the electrodes 3 and the heating fields 1 can optionally be provided with a protective lacquer layer after they have been applied.
- a hot-melt adhesive which is also known as "hotmelt" is applied in viscous form by means of screen printing with the desired course.
- the heating fields 1 are left out and only the areas between the heating fields 1 are covered In this way, webs 2 are formed between the heating fields 1.
- the amount of hot-melt adhesive applied is chosen such that the webs 2 made of hardened hot-melt adhesive protrude beyond the heating fields 1 in the direction of the cover film 6, as can be seen in Figure 2
- the cover film 6 is attached using pressure and heat, with the hot-melt adhesive melting due to the amount of heat introduced and adhesively connecting to the cover film 6 .
- connection surfaces 7 for temperature sensors can be seen in FIG. 1 .
- These connection surfaces 7 can be provided in the electrode pattern and can be produced with the application of the electrodes 3 using the screen printing process.
- the connection surfaces 7 are used to connect temperature sensors for monitoring the temperature of the heating device.
- the Foil composite can thus be used as a heating device, for example for temperature control of accumulators.
- the design of the heating device as a composite film has the advantage that it can be applied to the cells of the accumulator and thus tolerances of the cells can be compensated for more easily. This significantly improves the heat transfer from the heating device to the cells, and additional measures such as heat-conducting pastes or thermal pads become superfluous.
- the invention is particularly suitable for application to cooling circuits that consist of film material and expand when coolant flows through them and thus optimally adapt to the surface of the battery cells, whereby the above-described effect of contact with the cells is utilized.
- This property is particularly advantageous in so-called pouch cells, which have a cambered surface due to their design and deform during operation or as they age.
- the invention preferably, but not exclusively, uses carbon pastes with a PTC effect as the heating-active layer.
- PTC resistance elements have the advantage that the active heating of the heating elements is interrupted at a defined target temperature of e.g. 42°C by a rapid increase in the electrical resistance of the material without the need for electronic control, a fuse or any other form of overheating protection. This rules out the possibility of the heating element burning out. After the heating element has cooled down, the electrical conductivity is restored and the heating element resumes its function.
- the printed hot-melt adhesive layer prevents the PTC layer from flowing across the width.
- the heating-active layer retains its function both during production of the heating device when the cover film 6 is laminated on and during operation.
- the hot-melt adhesives also produce the necessary connection with the cover film 6 .
- a protective lacquer layer can optionally be printed on the PTC layer formed by the heating fields 1 in order to increase the resilience of the PTC layer at high pressures and temperatures.
- the carrier film 5 is present as a laminate with an aluminum layer
- the change in the capacitance of the heating layer formed by the heating fields 1 with respect to the aluminum layer can be used to detect an impact.
- the measurement can be carried out by high-frequency PWM operation of the heating layer or by superimposing an AC voltage on the supply voltage of the heating layer.
- a heating device is thus realized in which the risk of damage to the flat heating elements under pressure is reduced and their pressure stability is thus increased.
Landscapes
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT600012021 | 2021-01-05 | ||
| PCT/EP2022/050138 WO2022148770A1 (de) | 2021-01-05 | 2022-01-05 | Heizvorrichtung |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4275452A1 true EP4275452A1 (de) | 2023-11-15 |
| EP4275452B1 EP4275452B1 (de) | 2024-11-27 |
| EP4275452C0 EP4275452C0 (de) | 2024-11-27 |
Family
ID=80035032
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22700719.2A Active EP4275452B1 (de) | 2021-01-05 | 2022-01-05 | Heizvorrichtung |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4275452B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022148770A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9161393B2 (en) * | 2006-10-04 | 2015-10-13 | T+Ink, Inc. | Heated textiles and methods of making the same |
| WO2008091001A2 (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2008-07-31 | Panasonic Corporation | Sheet heating element |
| JP6834790B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-07 | 2021-02-24 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | 加熱電極シート、加熱電極シートロール |
| AT522472B1 (de) * | 2019-04-17 | 2020-11-15 | Att Advanced Thermal Tech Gmbh | Heizmatte |
-
2022
- 2022-01-05 WO PCT/EP2022/050138 patent/WO2022148770A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-01-05 EP EP22700719.2A patent/EP4275452B1/de active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022148770A1 (de) | 2022-07-14 |
| EP4275452B1 (de) | 2024-11-27 |
| EP4275452C0 (de) | 2024-11-27 |
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