EP4272261A1 - Module photovoltaïque avec electrode de mise au potentiel pour centrale photovoltaïque - Google Patents
Module photovoltaïque avec electrode de mise au potentiel pour centrale photovoltaïqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4272261A1 EP4272261A1 EP21854747.9A EP21854747A EP4272261A1 EP 4272261 A1 EP4272261 A1 EP 4272261A1 EP 21854747 A EP21854747 A EP 21854747A EP 4272261 A1 EP4272261 A1 EP 4272261A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- module
- photovoltaic
- voltage
- conductive
- photovoltaic module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
- H02S30/10—Frame structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/36—Electrical components characterised by special electrical interconnection means between two or more PV modules, e.g. electrical module-to-module connection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
- H10F19/85—Protective back sheets
Definitions
- the invention relates to photovoltaic installations and, in particular, to a new photovoltaic module structure.
- PV photovoltaic
- Figure IA represents a photovoltaic (PV) power plant of known type, with a chain (or "string” in Anglo-Saxon terminology) 100 of 3 photovoltaic modules 1, 2, 3 and one or more converter(s) (or inverter( s)) 10, connected to the electrical network 12 most often via one or more transformer(s), each module input being connected to the output of the previous module in the chain.
- a string comprises many more than 3 modules, the number of modules depending in particular on the electrical power that the power station must provide.
- a photovoltaic installation can comprise several chains 100, 101, .... arranged in parallel, as illustrated in FIG. IB.
- the PV modules are framed and each frame is mechanically fixed to a metal frame, electrically connected to the ground. Consequently, the increase in the potential difference, which can be significant, between the cells and the periphery of the module, generates an increase in the electric field internal to the module.
- This electric field promotes ionic migration, and the accumulation of salts (for example sodium, Na + ) on the surface of the cells. These cause surface polarization and shunting. As a result, the functionality of the PN junction of the affected cells is disrupted which reduces the power of the panels. After several years, the panel produces less energy.
- PID Physical Induced Degradation
- IEC TS 62804-1 2015 “Photovoltaic (PV) modules - Test methods for the detection of potential-induced degradation (PID)", or the article by S. Koch et al. entitled “Potential-induced degradation effects on crystalline silicon cells with various anti-reflective coatings”, published in “27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition”, p.1985-1990” in 2013).
- the potential difference induced between the cells and the periphery of the module can cause a breakdown of the insulating layers of the module, and consequently the appearance of a sustained electric arc, which can cause a start. fire
- a photovoltaic plant structure is known, according to application WO2015/015112, in which a transformer connecting the inverter to the high-voltage electrical network is eliminated. But the possible increase in the number of modules leads to the problems mentioned above.
- FIG 2 there is schematically represented 3 strings of modules arranged in series and mounted as indicated above, in a case where the voltage at the terminals of each of them is 1500 V.
- Each module input being connected to the output of the previous module, the cells of module 2, resp.3, are subjected to a voltage, with respect to ground, of 3000 V, resp. of 4500 V.
- This voltage will be the source of the problems mentioned above.
- This problem remains true when forming long chains in series of conventionally used modules, which generate a voltage difference between their input and their output of around 40V: for an installation comprising hundreds, or even thousands of these modules in series, increasing progressive voltages up to levels of several thousands, or tens of thousands of Volts, between the cells and the ground will generate the same effects.
- the invention aims to solve these problems.
- the invention firstly relates to a photovoltaic module, comprising, between a front face and a rear face, a photovoltaic cell or a plurality of photovoltaic cells, layers for encapsulating this or these cell(s), at least one element conductor or semiconductor disposed between the cells and the rear face of the module, and contact-forming means for bringing this conductive or semiconductor element to a potential.
- a module according to the invention comprises at least one additional conductive or semi-conductive element, and means for connecting this element to a voltage source or to a voltage internal to the module or external to the latter.
- a potential difference, and therefore an electric field is applied within the module between the metal frame or chassis and the additional element.
- This field makes it possible to minimize or even to annihilate the electric field effect at the level of the cells, and therefore to limit or avoid the problems mentioned above. Since the high voltage is transferred between the frame of the module and the conductive or semi-conductive element, it is no longer between the frame and the cells. The latter are therefore no longer subject to the risks, explained above, of the “PID” type.
- At least one conductive or semi-conductive element arranged between the cells and the rear face of the module, comprises for example at least one conductive or semi-conductive layer, for example of thickness between 5 nm and 50 ⁇ m.
- a photovoltaic module according to the invention may further comprise a voltage source for connection to the means forming contact of said conductive or semi-conductive element.
- said voltage source (Si) provides: - a voltage between the input voltage of the module and its output voltage, - or even a voltage lower than its input voltage, but preferably not lower than its input voltage - 600 V or even higher than its output voltage but preferably not higher than its output voltage + 600 V .
- the conductive or semi-conductive element can for example be connected to one of the input or output terminals of said photovoltaic module.
- the invention also relates to a field of photovoltaic modules, comprising a plurality of photovoltaic modules arranged in series, forming a chain, and comprising one or more module(s) according to the invention.
- Such a chain of photovoltaic modules can comprise for example between 5 and 1000 modules.
- the means forming the contact of at least one module according to the invention can be connected to an output voltage or an input voltage, or to a voltage between these voltages of entry and exit, of another module of the field of modules; for example, in the case of a string of modules connected in series, the contact-forming means of at least one module according to the invention can be connected to an output voltage or an input voltage, or to a voltage comprised between these input and output voltages, of the preceding module or of a preceding module in the series or of the following module or of a following module in the series.
- the invention also relates to a method of operating a photovoltaic module according to the invention, or a field of modules according to the invention, in which one applies to the conductive or semi-conductive element of the module or else at least one module, by the means forming contact thereof, a voltage:
- a voltage source external to the module for example a voltage between the input voltage and the output voltage, or lower than the input voltage or higher than the output voltage of the module;
- - or which is equal to, or close to, the input or output voltage of the module for example by connecting the conductive or semi-conductive element to the input or output terminal of the module; - or which is lower than the input voltage (VCmin), but preferably less than 600 V lower than the input voltage, or higher than the output voltage (VCmax) of the module, but preferably higher than the output voltage of a value equal to at most 600V.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing a photovoltaic module, in particular as described above or in the present application, comprising:
- the conductive or semi-conductive element can be formed by metallization or by deposition on the inner part of said rear face.
- a method according to the invention may comprise the production of contact pads, for example of a junction box, of the module and the connection of the means forming contact to one of said contact pads.
- the [Fig. 2] schematically represents a structure of a photovoltaic installation, comprising 3 photovoltaic modules and numerical examples of voltage
- the [Fig. 3A], [Fig. 3B], [Fig. 3C] and [Fig. 3D] represent various embodiments of photovoltaic modules according to the invention
- the [Figs. 4A] and [Fig.4B] represent a known structure of a plurality of known photovoltaic modules and a structure comprising several photovoltaic modules according to the invention
- FIG. 5 represents a variant of a structure comprising several photovoltaic modules according to the invention.
- FIG. 6A shows a structure comprising several photovoltaic modules according to the invention, the voltage source of each module itself being a photovoltaic module;
- FIGs. 6B] and [Fig.6C] represent embodiments of photovoltaic modules according to the invention, integrating a photovoltaic module as voltage source.
- FIG. 3A An example of a photovoltaic module according to a first embodiment that can be implemented within the scope of the invention is represented in FIG. 3A.
- This module 2 comprises a front face 4 made of glass or a polymer of the "PET” type or polycarbonate or PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), transparent
- One or more solar cell(s) 6, 8 is/are coated between a 1st encapsulation layer or film 10 and a 2nd encapsulation layer or film 11, both for example in one thermoplastic polymer, usually "EVA" (Ethylene Vinyl Acetate).
- EVA Ethylene Vinyl Acetate
- a rear face 12 also called “Backsheet”, which comprises for example a laminated assembly of polymers, commonly designated “TPT” because most often composed of Tedlar-Polyester-Tedlar (the term “Tedlar” being the trade name of DuPont to denote PVF (Polyvinyl fluoride)); alternatively, the rear face 12 is a solar glass.
- the reference 15 designates the frame, fixed to a metal frame (not shown), which is earthed. Frame elements may also be present under the module (not shown).
- an additional conductive or semi-conductive element 20, or an additional electrode is incorporated in the module, between the set of cells 6, 8 and the rear face 12, between which it forms a electrostatic barrier.
- This additional electrode faces all the cells 6, 8.
- a set of conductors for example a set of conductive or semi-conductive sheets arranged in the same plane, each the size of a PV cell. to provide the desired protection, interconnected by conductors to bring them all to the same potential.
- means 22 for connecting this element 20 make it possible to apply a determined potential thereto. The whole of this element 20 is thus brought to this determined potential.
- these means 22 pass through the frame and/or the periphery of the module, as illustrated in FIG.
- the means 22 can pass through the rear face. Preferably they are connected to a junction box of the module (see for example FIGS. 3B-3D commented on below, in which a junction box is designated by the reference 24 or 26). These means 22 can be sheathed in an insulator.
- the element 20 comprises for example a conductive sheet or layer, for example aluminum or brass, or copper, or silver, or cast iron, or tin, or lead, or nickel, or graphite, or semiconductor, for example hydrogenated amorphous silicon, optionally doped. It has for example a thickness of between a few nanometers, for example 5 nm, and a few tens of ⁇ m, for example 50 ⁇ m.
- This sheet or layer is electrically insulated from the cells and from the periphery of the module by insulating elements (for example by encapsulation 11).
- Other elements that can be used for the composition of element 20 include the following semiconductor elements:
- group IV the elements of group IV (periodic table): silicon or germanium, or their compounds, for example silicon-germanium or silicon carbide;
- amorphous silicon CIS (copper and indium selenide), CIGS (copper, indium and gallium selenide), GaAs (gallium arsenide);
- - organic semiconductors for example: fullerene, or anthracene, or pentacene.
- a layer such as the aluminum layer implemented to produce the layer (or “backsheet”) marketed by the company Coveme.
- This layer of Aluminum has a thickness between 9 pm and 50 pm, but is intended to slow down the process of moisture penetration inside a photovoltaic module, without electrical functionality (see https://www.coveme .com/dymat-a-
- FIGS. 3B and 3C illustrate exemplary embodiments of such a module, in which conductor 20 is connected by means 22 to a pad of junction box 24 of the module, which may be (FIG. 3B) a contact pad 24c which is different from the input 24a and output 24b pads of the module in order to apply a potential different from the potentials Vcmax and Vcmin of the module (which are applied to the pads 24a, 24b); this different potential is for example a potential supplied by a source external to the module (as in FIG. 4B).
- a potential equal to one of the potentials Vcmax or Vcmin of the module is applied to conductor 20, by connecting means 22 to one of pads 24a, 24b (FIG. 3C).
- FIG. 3D illustrates another exemplary embodiment of the invention, in which the conductor 20 is connected by the means 22 to a contact pad 26a of a 2nd junction box 26, to apply a potential different from the potentials Vcmax and Vcmin of the module, which are applied to the pads 24a, 24b of the housing 24.
- the inside of the rear face of the module is metallized.
- This metallization can be carried out by a process of evaporation, for example of aluminium, under vacuum, for example of the type used in the field of food packaging to improve sealing or in aeronautics to create UV barriers.
- a homogeneous layer 20 is obtained, the thickness of which can be adjusted between, for example, a few nanometers, for example 5 nm, and a few tens of nanometers, for example 50 nm.
- a layer of silicon is deposited on a thin film of PET before encapsulating the whole with EVA.
- the layer intended to form the conductor 20 can be deposited by cold spraying (possibly after preparation of the surface of the glass, comprising for example a step of cleaning and/or activation by plasma), a process commercially designated by the company Mallard under the name “cold spray”. If you want to keep the transparency of the glass, you can use the deposition by hot spraying (500°-600°) of Titanium oxide (TlO2) used by Saint-Gobain for self-cleaning glasses.
- TlO2 Titanium oxide
- the cells As part of a module lamination process, the cells, previously connected to each other, are assembled (by gluing) with the front face, the rear face and one or more other electronic element(s). s) passive(s) or active(s) which may possibly be integrated, for example one or more diodes or the electrode 20.
- This process can include 2 steps:
- a rolling mill or laminator
- a rolling mill or laminator
- the encapsulant 11 it is for example in the form of a film and, during the lamination process, it melts, and, under the effect of the pressure, it flows around the various conductive or semi-conductive elements, thus ensuring their electrical insulation.
- a connector 22 allows the setting of a potential of the electrode 20.
- this connector is connected with the strip (bar) of copper which connects it for example to the first cell of the module.
- This equipotential bonding for example, is done using a thin copper or aluminum conductive strip, such as those offered by the 3M company.
- You can also use aluminum tapes from Advance tapes France with acrylic adhesive see http://ww w .fa rne l[ . c o m/datasheets/2057060.pdf). These tapes have a conductive adhesive layer, so they can be assembled before the lamination step, by sticking them on one side to the conductive or semi-conductive layer and on the other side to the copper strip (bar) which comes of the input connector.
- the assembly comprising the ribbon and the electrode 20 can then be stacked on the other elements of the module to be laminated.
- each element 20, or at least certain elements 20, is/are brought to a potential (Vp) close to the output voltage of (Vcmax), thus avoiding any risk of arcing.
- the additional element 20 is brought to potential by a source external to the module (case of FIGS.
- a third contact 24c is added in the junction box of the module (FIG. 3B), for example with a strip (bar) of copper which will allow the junction with the layer 20 using the ribbon as described previously.
- a contact 26a is added by a 2nd junction box 26 of the module (FIG. 3D), thus allowing contact with any source of potential external to the module.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B make it possible to compare the voltages applied to modules of known type (FIG. 4A), and to modules according to the invention (FIG. 4B, in which, as in FIG. 5, the additional element 20 is indicated by a gray rectangle).
- the modules are connected in series, and we denote by: -Uj: the potential at the output terminal (+) of module i;
- the chassis of each module is grounded.
- the frame can be at a floating potential, in particular if grounding is not necessary.
- a chain of modules as described above, of which all the modules, or only part of them, comprise an element 20, can be implemented in a structure such as that illustrated in FIG. IB.
- FIG. 6A represents an advantageous embodiment of FIG. 4B, with voltage sources Si each comprising an assembly 200i, 2002 200 n of photovoltaic “mini-cells” (they are smaller than commercial cells), for example of technology similar to that of module 2i, 22, ...2 n with which it is associated.
- This assembly can be called “mini-module” (but it can also be called mini-module or module for (or for) potentialization). It is different from the module to which it is associated.
- the mini-cells are electrically connected to each other in series, so that the maximum voltage delivered by this assembly (in open circuit) is close to the maximum voltage of the module to which this mini-module is associated (Voc).
- a mini-module comprising the same number of mini-cells as in the module with which it is associated.
- the potential at the input, respectively at the output of each assembly 200j is the potential at the input, respectively at the output, of the corresponding module 2j.
- the voltages of the modules are imposed by the output voltage of the system determined by a downstream electronic device.
- this electronic device is a controller 202 called MPPT (“Maximum Power Point Tracker”).
- MPPT Maximum Power Point Tracker
- This controller connected to the converter 204, scans the entire voltage range and collects the current responses, and thus determines the voltage at the point of optimum operation.
- the voltage (potential difference between its input and its output) of each mini-module is therefore that of the respective module.
- the voltage sources are in fact current sources (they are photovoltaic cells) voltage-controlled by the module itself. These 200j voltage sources are connected in cascade (in series) in order to raise their potential to the same level as those of the various modules.
- FIGS. 6B and 6C represent advantageous embodiments of a photovoltaic module 2j, equipped with a “mini module” 200j, which will form a voltage source as explained above in connection with FIG. 6A.
- this “mini module” 200j can be integrated into the manufacture of the module 2j.
- the mini module 200j can be separated from the manufacture of the module 2j, while being mounted on the same chassis, once the assembly is installed on site. Note that, as already explained above, the frames of the various modules 2j of FIG. 6A are not necessarily grounded.
- the voltage generated at the terminals of a chain of modules according to the invention is for example between 600 V and 10 kV.
- Each chain can for example comprise between 30 and 40 modules.
Landscapes
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2014228A FR3118530B1 (fr) | 2020-12-29 | 2020-12-29 | Module photovoltaïque avec electrode de mise au potentielpour centrale photovoltaïque |
| PCT/FR2021/052461 WO2022144527A1 (fr) | 2020-12-29 | 2021-12-28 | Module photovoltaïque avec electrode de mise au potentiel pour centrale photovoltaïque |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4272261A1 true EP4272261A1 (fr) | 2023-11-08 |
Family
ID=75953935
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21854747.9A Withdrawn EP4272261A1 (fr) | 2020-12-29 | 2021-12-28 | Module photovoltaïque avec electrode de mise au potentiel pour centrale photovoltaïque |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4272261A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3118530B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022144527A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7554031B2 (en) * | 2005-03-03 | 2009-06-30 | Sunpower Corporation | Preventing harmful polarization of solar cells |
| US20140150850A1 (en) * | 2012-11-30 | 2014-06-05 | Amtech Systems, Inc. | Solar cell coating |
| FR3009454B1 (fr) | 2013-07-30 | 2015-09-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Centrale photovoltaique reliee a un reseau electrique haute tension |
| US9598586B2 (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2017-03-21 | Enki Technology, Inc. | Coating materials and methods for enhanced reliability |
| JPWO2017169441A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-28 | 2019-02-07 | シャープ株式会社 | 裏面電極型太陽電池セル、太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽光発電システム |
| CN105826416B (zh) * | 2016-05-04 | 2017-08-01 | 西安交通大学 | 一种抗pid的晶体硅太阳电池组件及其制备方法 |
| CN106531832A (zh) * | 2016-12-22 | 2017-03-22 | 苏州高德辰光电科技有限公司 | 一种应用于光伏电池组件的背板及光伏电池组件 |
| CN107342340A (zh) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-11-10 | 南京日托光伏科技股份有限公司 | 背接触太阳能电池双玻璃组件及其制作方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-29 FR FR2014228A patent/FR3118530B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-12-28 EP EP21854747.9A patent/EP4272261A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-12-28 WO PCT/FR2021/052461 patent/WO2022144527A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022144527A1 (fr) | 2022-07-07 |
| FR3118530B1 (fr) | 2023-10-13 |
| FR3118530A1 (fr) | 2022-07-01 |
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