EP4268304A1 - Abgasmischeinheit für eine brennstoffzelle - Google Patents
Abgasmischeinheit für eine brennstoffzelleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4268304A1 EP4268304A1 EP21839425.2A EP21839425A EP4268304A1 EP 4268304 A1 EP4268304 A1 EP 4268304A1 EP 21839425 A EP21839425 A EP 21839425A EP 4268304 A1 EP4268304 A1 EP 4268304A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust gas
- buffer volume
- line
- cathode
- mixing unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- DE 10 2014 103 724 A1 relates to a fuel cell device for providing electrical energy by converting fuel with an oxidizer, which enables reliable and safe operation. It is proposed therein that the fuel cell device comprises an anode side, via which fuel can be supplied to operate the fuel cell device, and an anode exhaust gas duct. Anode waste gas can be discharged from the anode side by means of the anode waste gas duct, the anode waste gas duct comprising a buffer container to which the anode waste gas can be fed for temporary storage and from which the anode waste gas can be discharged for dilution and/or disposal.
- a device is to be specified which always emits only a small proportion of fuel in the exhaust gas during continuous operation of the fuel cell.
- an exhaust gas mixing unit for a fuel cell, in particular for a fuel cell of a motor vehicle, having an anode exhaust gas line opening into a buffer volume and a cathode exhaust gas line penetrating the buffer volume, with the cathode exhaust gas line being connected to the buffer volume in a fluid-conducting manner in a section within the buffer volume, so that in an anode exhaust gas stream A is mixed with a cathode exhaust gas stream to form a mixed exhaust gas stream in the buffer volume.
- the anode side is flushed at periodic intervals in order to remove inert gas and/or condensate.
- exhaust gas from the anode side is mixed with exhaust gas from the cathode side mixed.
- Exhaust gas from the anode side contains non-oxidized fuel that should not be released into the environment unfiltered or at least not undiluted.
- Exhaust gas from the cathode side is largely inert.
- the device according to the disclosure manages without additional valves, switches and sensors.
- the buffer volume is designed in such a way that only additional passive components are used.
- the exhaust gas mixing unit can be designed in such a way that a limit value for fuel in the exhaust gas cannot be exceeded at all operating points of the fuel cell.
- the fluid-conducting connection between the buffer volume and the cathode exhaust gas line is formed via at least one opening in a wall of the cathode exhaust gas line.
- the opening can be formed by a bore.
- the bore in the wall may also vary in diameter along its length to create a throttling effect.
- Anode exhaust gas enters the cathode exhaust gas stream through the openings. So that the loading or concentration of combustible anode exhaust gas in the cathode exhaust gas flow can be kept low, the openings are kept small, in particular so small that even with a completely filled buffer volume, at most so much anode exhaust gas gets into the cathode exhaust gas that a maximum concentration of 8 % and 4% respectively as the average value of the unoxidized fuel in the cathode exhaust stream.
- the openings are arranged on the cathode exhaust gas line offset by an angle W9 with respect to a cathode line axis running centrally through the cathode exhaust gas line.
- the anode exhaust gas flow can be mixed with the cathode exhaust gas flow in the direction of flow or against the flow direction. As a result, the inflow of the anode exhaust gas flow to the cathode exhaust gas flow can be supported or inhibited.
- the fluid-conducting connection between the buffer volume and the cathode exhaust gas line is formed via a recess in the cathode exhaust gas line, the recess between a first line section of the Cathode exhaust pipe and a second line section of the cathode exhaust pipe is arranged.
- the recess is accordingly a gap in the cathode exhaust line. Accordingly, an inflow of anode waste gas can be distributed uniformly over the circumference.
- the recess can be interrupted by stabilizing webs between the first and second line sections A and B.
- the buffer volume has a volume which is dimensioned such that the volume can accommodate a scavenging volume of exhaust gas from an anode side of a fuel cell, the scavenging volume corresponding to an amount of fuel which is used during a scavenging process Anode side is spent at least.
- a flushing process is a regularly performed step in the operation of the fuel cell.
- a volume that has to be flushed out of the fuel cell during a flushing process is referred to as flushing volume.
- the scavenging volume can be 9 to 30 times as large as a line section of the cathode exhaust gas line that extends through the scavenging volume.
- the buffer volume has a volume which is dimensioned so large that the buffer volume acts as a silencer and sound waves in the cathode exhaust gas flow are at least partially extinguished.
- the buffer volume can also take on a dampening function in addition to mixing.
- the buffer volume can be matched to a total area as the sum of the areas of the connection between the buffer volume and the cathode exhaust gas line.
- a total area of the connection between the buffer volume and the cathode exhaust gas line is so large that even with a buffer volume filled with hydrogen, an anode exhaust gas maximum concentration of 8% or 4% is set as the average value of the non-oxidized fuel in the cathode exhaust gas flow.
- the total area of the openings in the cathode exhaust pipe is defined by sections in the cathode exhaust pipe which are recessed or drilled out at these locations. The total area is determined in such a way that anode gas is successively sucked out of the buffer volume by the exhaust gas flow or overflows as a result of a pressure difference.
- the exhaust gas mixing unit has a drain for has condensing liquids.
- the drain can be formed by an opening in a housing of the exhaust gas mixing unit, with a drain line opening into the opening in a fluid-conducting manner.
- a non-return valve can be arranged in the opening.
- the anode exhaust gas line opens into the buffer volume in such a way that the anode exhaust gas stream and the cathode exhaust gas stream flow through the buffer volume in the same direction.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a fuel cell with a cathode exhaust gas line and an anode exhaust gas line, wherein an exhaust gas stream from the cathode exhaust gas line is mixed with an anode exhaust gas stream in an exhaust gas mixing unit;
- Fuel cell units usually have several fuel cells, since they are connected in series in stacks. These each have the anode and cathode side shown schematically, as well as a membrane spatially separating them from one another. A supply of fuel to the anode side and a supply of oxygen or air to the cathode side can take place in a plurality of stacks at the same time.
- FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C show an exhaust gas mixing unit 20A, 20B, 20C for a fuel cell 10 corresponding to FIG. 1.
- This is preferably a fuel cell 10 of a motor vehicle, not shown.
- the fuel cell 10 has an anode side 1 and a cathode side 2 .
- the fuel cell 10 has an anode exhaust gas line 13 opening into a buffer volume 11 and one penetrating the buffer volume 11 Cathode exhaust line 14 on.
- the cathode exhaust gas line 14 is fluidly connected to the buffer volume 11 in a section within the buffer volume 11 so that in the buffer volume 11 an anode exhaust gas flow A13 mixes with cathode exhaust gas K14 to form a mixed exhaust gas flow M15.
- the anode side is flushed at periodic intervals in order to remove inert gas and/or condensate.
- the anode side 1 can be flushed, for example, by opening an outlet valve 6 for the hydrogen for about 1-2 s at a fixed admission pressure.
- exhaust gas from the anode side 1 (anode exhaust gas stream A13) is then mixed with exhaust gas from the cathode side 2 (cathode exhaust gas stream K14).
- Exhaust gas from the anode side 1 does not contain oxidized fuel, which should not reach the environment unfiltered or at least not undiluted.
- Exhaust gas from the cathode side 2 is largely inert or contains at least a high proportion of inert fluids.
- exhaust gas from the anode side 1 is successively mixed with the exhaust gas from the cathode side 2. As a result, a concentration of non-oxidized fuel can be reduced.
- the exhaust gas mixing units 20A, 20B, 20C according to the disclosure can be used without additional valves, switches and sensors.
- the buffer volume 11 is designed in such a way that only additional passive components are used, ie components that do not have to be controlled by any control and regulation devices.
- the exhaust gas mixing unit 20A, 20B, 2C can be designed in such a way that at all operating points of the fuel cell 10 a limit value for fuel in the mixed exhaust gas stream M15 cannot be exceeded.
- the fluid-conducting connection between the buffer volume 11 and the cathode exhaust line 14 is formed via at least one opening 9 in a wall 16 of the cathode exhaust line 14 .
- the opening 9 can be formed by a bore, see FIGS. 2A and 2C.
- the bore in the wall 16 may also vary in diameter along its length to create a throttling effect.
- Anode waste gas passes through the openings 9 into the cathode waste gas flow K14.
- the openings 9 kept small, in particular so small that even when the buffer volume 11 is completely filled, a maximum of eight percent of the anode exhaust gas A13 gets into the cathode exhaust gas K14.
- an exhaust gas mixing unit 20A, 20C according to FIGS. 2A and 2C it is also provided that the openings 9 are arranged on the cathode exhaust gas line 14 offset by an angle W9 to a cathode line axis A14 running centrally through the cathode exhaust gas line 14 .
- the anode exhaust gas stream can be mixed with the cathode exhaust gas stream K14 in the flow direction or counter to the flow direction.
- the direction of flow corresponds to a direction of the cathode exhaust gas flow K14 or of the mixed exhaust gas flow M15.
- the inflow of the anode exhaust gas flow A13 to the cathode exhaust gas flow K14 can be supported or inhibited.
- the inflow of the anode exhaust gas stream to the cathode exhaust gas stream K14 is supported by using angles W9 of more than 90°.
- the direction in which the anode exhaust gas then flows through the openings 9 already corresponds to the flow direction of the cathode exhaust gas stream K14.
- the inflow of the anode exhaust gas stream A13 to the cathode exhaust gas stream K14 is inhibited by using angles W9 of less than 90°.
- the direction in which the anode exhaust gas then flows through the openings 9 then does not correspond to the flow direction of the cathode exhaust gas stream K14.
- the fluid-conducting connection between the buffer volume 11 and the cathode exhaust gas line 14 is formed via a recess 12 in the cathode exhaust gas line 14, the recess 12 between a first line section 14A of the cathode exhaust gas line 14 and a second line section 14B of the cathode exhaust pipe 14 is arranged.
- the recess 12 is accordingly a gap in the cathode exhaust gas line 14. An inflow of anode exhaust gas can be distributed uniformly over the circumference. However, the recess 12 can be interrupted by stabilizing webs (not shown) between the first and second line sections 14A and 14B.
- the buffer volume 11 has a volume V11, which is dimensioned so large that the volume V11 can accommodate a scavenging volume S1 of exhaust gas from an anode side 1 of a fuel cell 10, the scavenging volume S1 being a quantity of Fuel corresponds to which in a flushing process Anode side 1 is output at least.
- a volume which has to be flushed out of the fuel cell 10 during a flushing process is referred to as flushing volume S1.
- the buffer volume 11 has a volume V11 which is dimensioned so large that the buffer volume 11 acts as a silencer and sound waves in the cathode exhaust gas flow K14 are at least partially extinguished.
- a diameter of the openings 9 can be varied in terms of their size and their distance from one another, so that in interaction with the buffer volume 11 tuning to the frequency ranges to be absorbed takes place.
- the fuel cell 10 emits flow noise and vibrations.
- the flow noise can be suppressed in the silencer.
- the buffer volume 11 can take on additional functions in addition to mixing.
- the volume V11 can be matched to a total area as the sum of the areas F9 and F12 of the connection between the buffer volume 11 and the cathode exhaust gas line 14.
- a total area F9, F12 of the connection between the buffer volume 11 and the cathode exhaust gas line 14 is so large that even with a buffer volume 11 filled with hydrogen, a proportion of hydrogen in the Mixed exhaust gas flow M15 of eight percent is not exceeded. At most, so much anode exhaust gas gets into the cathode exhaust gas flow K14 that a maximum anode exhaust gas concentration of 4% to 8% is established in the mixed exhaust gas flow M14.
- the total area F9, F12 of the openings 9, 12 in the cathode exhaust pipe 14 is defined by sections in the cathode exhaust pipe 14 which are recessed or drilled out at these locations. The total area F9, F12 is determined in such a way that anode gas is successively sucked out of the buffer volume 11 by the exhaust gas flow K14.
- the exhaust gas mixing units 20A, 20B and 20C have an outlet 21 for condensing liquids.
- the outlet 21 can be formed by an opening 22 in a housing of the exhaust gas mixing unit, with an outlet line 23 opening into the opening 22 in a fluid-conducting manner.
- a non-return valve (not shown) can be arranged in the opening 22 .
- the outlet 21 can also be fluidly connected to the cathode exhaust pipe 14 . It can be seen in FIGS. 2A, 2B and 2C that the opening 21 is provided on a surface of the buffer volume 11 that is geodetically located below.
- the anode exhaust gas line 13 opens into the buffer volume 11 in such a way that the anode exhaust gas flow A13 and the cathode exhaust gas flow K14 flow in the same direction through the buffer volume 11, according to FIG. 2A.
- anode exhaust gas line 13 opens into the buffer volume 11 in such a way that the inflowing anode exhaust gas stream A13 flows into the buffer volume 11 at a distance from the openings 9 or the recess 12 and must first flow into the buffer volume 11 counter to the cathode exhaust gas stream K14. before it can pass through the openings 9 or the recess 12.
- This configuration is shown in Figures 2B and 2C.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020216491.6A DE102020216491A1 (de) | 2020-12-22 | 2020-12-22 | Abgasmischeinheit für eine Brennstoffzelle |
| PCT/EP2021/085683 WO2022136024A1 (de) | 2020-12-22 | 2021-12-14 | Abgasmischeinheit für eine brennstoffzelle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4268304A1 true EP4268304A1 (de) | 2023-11-01 |
Family
ID=79283156
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21839425.2A Withdrawn EP4268304A1 (de) | 2020-12-22 | 2021-12-14 | Abgasmischeinheit für eine brennstoffzelle |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4268304A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020216491A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022136024A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20240084950A (ko) * | 2022-12-07 | 2024-06-14 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 연료전지 시스템 및 배기가스 처리장치 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3807674B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-01 | 2006-08-09 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | 排出燃料希釈器 |
| EP1598889B1 (de) * | 2002-10-17 | 2010-05-05 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Abgasbehandlungseinrichtung für Brennstoffzelle |
| JP4730643B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-07 | 2011-07-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | ガス処理装置 |
| JP2009151973A (ja) | 2007-12-19 | 2009-07-09 | Toyota Motor Corp | 燃料電池システム |
| DE102014003624A1 (de) | 2014-03-13 | 2015-09-17 | Daimler Ag | Brennstoffzellensystem |
| DE102014103724A1 (de) | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung |
-
2020
- 2020-12-22 DE DE102020216491.6A patent/DE102020216491A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-12-14 WO PCT/EP2021/085683 patent/WO2022136024A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-12-14 EP EP21839425.2A patent/EP4268304A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020216491A1 (de) | 2022-06-23 |
| WO2022136024A1 (de) | 2022-06-30 |
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