EP4264553A1 - Methode de reconstruction d'une image a partir d'une acquisition comprimee de mesures - Google Patents
Methode de reconstruction d'une image a partir d'une acquisition comprimee de mesuresInfo
- Publication number
- EP4264553A1 EP4264553A1 EP21823852.5A EP21823852A EP4264553A1 EP 4264553 A1 EP4264553 A1 EP 4264553A1 EP 21823852 A EP21823852 A EP 21823852A EP 4264553 A1 EP4264553 A1 EP 4264553A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- matrix
- image
- vector
- rows
- reconstructing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T12/00—Tomographic reconstruction from projections
- G06T12/20—Inverse problem, i.e. transformations from projection space into object space
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of imaging, for example imaging by X-rays or by magnetic resonance or any other imaging method making it possible to reconstruct a 2D or 3D image of an object.
- the invention applies in particular to the field of medical imaging or astronomical imaging.
- the invention also relates to the field of compressed acquisition or "compressed sensing" in English which aims to reconstruct a signal from a limited number of acquisitions of measurements of this signal.
- the source and the detectors are positioned on either side of the object to be imaged. and perform a measurement of the X-ray absorptions of a voxel of the object along a direction defined between the source and the detectors.
- the source and the detectors rotate around the object in order to modify, for each acquisition, the direction, that is to say the angle of view.
- each acquisition has a cost in terms of acquisition time by the imaging device, energy consumed by the device or even X-ray dose absorbed by the patient (which must be limited to limit the side effects harmful effects of ionizing radiation).
- the invention proposes a new compressed acquisition method based on the search for linear combinations of maximum kurtosis to determine a parsimonious solution to the aforementioned underdetermined linear system.
- the compressed acquisition method according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the number of acquisitions of an imaging device in order to reconstruct an image without loss of quality.
- the subject of the invention is a method for reconstructing an image I of an object, the image I having a number d of pixels, the method comprising the steps of:
- said linear combination is obtained by searching, for at least one row of the second matrix , a linear combination of a pair of components formed by the vector x M c and this line, having a maximum kurtosis.
- said linear combination is obtained by searching for a Givens rotation matrix, defined by a rotation angle ⁇ , for which the product of said pair of components and of this Givens rotation matrix exhibits a maximum kurtosis for one of its two components or exhibits a maximum difference between the kurtosis of the two components.
- the search for a linear combination of maximum kurtosis is iterated for several rows of the second matrix
- the dictionary matrix D consists of a base of elementary signals, for example a base of wavelet functions, or is generated by automatic learning from learning images.
- the vector m is acquired by means of an X-ray detector and being made up of the concatenation of several measurement vectors, each measurement vector comprising several measurements carried out by the detector for a different angle of view of the object.
- the projection matrix P contains projection vectors respectively defining directions associated with an angle of view.
- the image I is reconstructed in two dimensions or in three dimensions.
- the invention also relates to a system for reconstructing an image I of an object, the image I having a number d of pixels, the system comprising an imaging device for acquiring, in a vector m , a number p, strictly less than d, of object imaging measurements and a processing unit configured for:
- the processing unit is configured to execute the steps of the image reconstruction method according to the invention.
- the imaging device is an X-ray detector or a magnetic resonance imaging unit.
- the system comprises a display device for displaying the reconstructed image I.
- Figure 1 shows a diagram illustrating the principle of an X-ray imager
- FIG. 2 represents a flowchart detailing the steps for implementing an image reconstruction method according to the invention
- FIG. 3 represents a flowchart detailing the steps for implementing the search for a sparse solution of an underdetermined linear system according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates the operating principle of an X-ray imager or X-ray scanner comprising an SRX X-ray source, for example an X-ray tube and a DRX detection device consisting of several elementary detectors for example arranged linearly or in the form of a matrix.
- the object to be imaged is placed between the SRX source and the DRX detection device and is irradiated by RX X-rays emitted by the source towards the detectors in a direction predetermined by an angle ⁇ .
- Each pixel of the object is characterized by an X-ray absorption value and it is sought to reconstruct the image, denoted l(x,y), of these values.
- the measurement made by a detector corresponds to the combination of these absorption values along the ray connecting the SRX source to the detector.
- the elementary detectors of the DRX device therefore measure the projection of an image l(x, y) on these detectors in the direction defined by the angle Q.
- the assembly consisting of the SRX source and the DRX detectors pivots around the object in order to carry out several successive acquisitions at different angles Q.
- the object to be imaged corresponds to a thin anatomical slice or section.
- the SRX source and the DRX detectors are constrained to be positioned in the plane of the anatomical slice and rotate around the slice.
- the two-dimensional image of the anatomical slice is reconstructed from the different projections measured by the detectors for different angles Q.
- the same principle of acquisition can be achieved in 3D tomography by generalizing this principle to a body volume.
- the SRX source and detectors XRDs pivot in this case around the volume to be imaged according to optimized trajectories ensuring the most complete coverage possible of the different angles of view.
- the directions of projection are, in the case of 3D imaging, defined by two angles which determine the point of view of the imaging device with respect to the volume to be imaged.
- One objective of the invention is to provide a method making it possible to reconstruct the image I (in 2D or in 3D) from a reduced number of acquisitions.
- Figure 2 details the steps for implementing the image reconstruction method according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the first step 201 consists in acquiring several imaging measurements by means of an imaging device.
- each measurement consists of a vector of N d values corresponding to the number of elementary detectors of the ray detection device X XRD.
- N a measurements are carried out for various different viewing angles ⁇ as described above.
- One objective of the invention is to reconstruct an image I of the object to be imaged, the image having a number d of pixels strictly greater than the dimension p of the vector m.
- any other imaging device capable of producing a vector of imaging measurements m of an object, according to different projections can be used as a replacement for the X-ray scanner.
- a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit can be used to perform the measurement step 201.
- the projection angle variation described above for the X-ray scanner is replaced by a variation of a magnetic field created by currents passing through coils called field gradient coils. This variable field is added to the permanent field, fixed in time and useful space, created by a superconducting magnet.
- the MRI signal is collected by radio frequency antennas placed close to the patient inside the superconducting magnet.
- the vector m corresponds to different measurements taken by the antennas of the MRI unit, these measurements being associated with a given position in "k-space" space.
- the vector m corresponds to the result of the projection of the desired image I on the projection base defined by the matrix P.
- the image I can be expressed as a sparse linear combination of reference images taken from a dictionary D defining an image decomposition base:
- l D.x with D a matrix of dimensions d by N (N>d) and x a sparse vector of size N, that is to say comprising a large proportion of zero values.
- the matrix D contains the components of a signal decomposition base, for example a decomposition base into wavelets or into ridgelet functions or into curvelet functions or any other signal base which makes it possible to decompose the image I .
- a signal decomposition base for example a decomposition base into wavelets or into ridgelet functions or into curvelet functions or any other signal base which makes it possible to decompose the image I .
- the matrix A T PD (A T ap rows and N columns) is determined from the projection matrix P and the dictionary D, these two matrices P and D being determined as a function of the intended application.
- FIG. 3 schematizes the detail of step 203 making it possible to determine the solution x.
- the search for the most parsimonious possible solution x is equivalent to the search for a linear combination of x MC and the rows of A which is the most parsimonious possible.
- step 203 of the method according to the invention is carried out by means of the sub-steps described in FIG. 3:
- Step 302 determination of the matrix A ⁇ whose rows form an orthonormal basis of the complementary subspace orthogonal to the rows of the matrix A T .
- Step 303 search for a linear combination of the vector x MC and the rows of the matrix which exhibits maximum kurtosis.
- the step 302 does not depend on the measurement vector m and can be performed initially once and for all and not for each image to be reconstructed.
- the vector x MC is normalized so as to obtain a matrix X with orthonormal rows.
- Step 303 is performed by determining different linear combinations of the first row of the matrix X with the other rows.
- step 303 is performed by determining a square rotation matrix U, of dimensions (N-p+1)x(N-p+1) and by multiplying X on the left by this matrix U, or U x X.
- the matrix X has dimension N-p+1 by N.
- the orthogonal matrix U such that the first row of U x X has maximum kurtosis cannot be calculated in a single step; it is constructed iteratively as a product (the product matrices of orthogonal matrices are orthogonal) of particular elementary orthogonal matrices called Givens rotations (which correspond to plane rotations) denoted G(i,j,0) and j ⁇ N — p + 1 and 0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- X(i,:) denotes the line of index i of the matrix X.
- the term “:” is used to designate all the values of the index.
- the step 303 of the method thus consists in optimizing the angle of rotation 0 for several pairs (l,j) of rows of the matrix X in order to maximize the kurtosis of the first row.
- Givens rotations thus decomposes the global optimization problem into a series of 2-dimensional optimization problems that are easier to perform.
- Two variant embodiments can be envisaged for determining the angle of rotation 0 which makes it possible to obtain a maximum empirical kurtosis for the first row of the matrix.
- a first embodiment variant consists in finding the angle of rotation
- the angle of rotation 0 which maximizes the difference of the empirical kurtosis K u -K v is then sought.
- u corresponds to the line of highest kurtosis
- v corresponds to the line of lowest kurtosis.
- a second embodiment variant consists in directly seeking the angle of rotation ⁇ which makes it possible to maximize the empirical kurtosis K u of the line u which is equal to:
- the expression (2) corresponds to a linear and quadratic criterion under quadratic constraint.
- the angle 0 which maximizes this expression is obtained by numerical resolution.
- One of the two variants described above is therefore applied to each pair of rows (1,j) of the matrix X according to a predetermined sequence.
- Different line scanning structures can be envisaged for this purpose.
- an iteration loop is performed by varying j from 2 to p+1 until convergence.
- the iterative procedure is organized as follows.
- the invention can be implemented by means of an imaging device of the type described in FIG. 1 coupled to a processing unit capable of executing the steps of the image reconstruction method, according to the invention, from the measurements m made by the imaging device.
- the invention can be implemented as a computer program comprising instructions for its execution.
- the computer program may be recorded on a processor-readable recording medium.
- references to a computer program which, when executed, performs any of the functions previously described, is not limited to an application program running on a single host computer. Rather, the terms computer program and software are used herein in a general sense to refer to any type of computer code (e.g., application software, firmware, microcode, or other form of computer instruction) that can be used to program one or more processors to implement aspects of the techniques described herein.
- the IT means or resources can in particular be distributed (“Cloud computing”), possibly using peer-to-peer technologies.
- the software code may be executed on any suitable processor (e.g., a microprocessor) or processor core or set of processors, whether provided in a single computing device or distributed among multiple computing devices (e.g.
- the executable code of each program allowing the programmable device to implement the processes according to the invention can be stored, for example, in the hard disk or in ROM.
- the program or programs can be loaded into one of the storage means of the device before being executed.
- the central unit can control and direct the execution of the instructions or portions of software code of the program or programs according to the invention, instructions which are stored in the hard disk or in the ROM or else in the other aforementioned storage elements.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Image Analysis (AREA)
- Image Processing (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Compression Of Band Width Or Redundancy In Fax (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2013539A FR3118251B1 (fr) | 2020-12-17 | 2020-12-17 | Méthode de reconstruction d’une image à partir d’une acquisition comprimée de mesures |
| PCT/EP2021/083710 WO2022128465A1 (fr) | 2020-12-17 | 2021-12-01 | Methode de reconstruction d'une image a partir d'une acquisition comprimee de mesures |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4264553A1 true EP4264553A1 (fr) | 2023-10-25 |
Family
ID=75438904
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21823852.5A Withdrawn EP4264553A1 (fr) | 2020-12-17 | 2021-12-01 | Methode de reconstruction d'une image a partir d'une acquisition comprimee de mesures |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4264553A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3118251B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022128465A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8922210B2 (en) * | 2011-03-31 | 2014-12-30 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus for performing diffusion spectrum imaging |
| US9208587B2 (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2015-12-08 | General Electric Company | Systems and methods for compressed sensing for multi-shell magnetic resonance imaging |
| US10698065B2 (en) * | 2015-05-15 | 2020-06-30 | New York University | System, method and computer accessible medium for noise estimation, noise removal and Gibbs ringing removal |
| CN109993105A (zh) * | 2019-03-29 | 2019-07-09 | 北京化工大学 | 一种改进的自适应稀疏采样故障分类方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-17 FR FR2013539A patent/FR3118251B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-12-01 EP EP21823852.5A patent/EP4264553A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-12-01 WO PCT/EP2021/083710 patent/WO2022128465A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3118251A1 (fr) | 2022-06-24 |
| FR3118251B1 (fr) | 2022-12-09 |
| WO2022128465A1 (fr) | 2022-06-23 |
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