Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
  • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
  • A01K67/30—Rearing or breeding invertebrates
  • A01K67/34—Insects
  • A01K67/36—Industrial rearing of insects, e.g. insect farms
  • A01K67/362—Containers or crates

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a tank for breeding insects.
• insects preferentially targeted by the invention are, for example, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera, Isoptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Blattoptera, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Ephemeroptera and Mecoptera, preferably Coleoptera, Diptera, Orthoptera, Lepidoptera.
• the tank object of the invention can, for example and in a non-exhaustive way, be adapted to the breeding of beetles belonging to the families of Tenebrionidae, Melolonthidae, Dermestidae, Coccinellidae, Cerambycidae, Carabidae, Buprestidae, Cetoniidae, Dryophthoridae, to all the stages of their development, and the breeding of Diptera belonging to the Stratiomyidae, Muscidae and Calliphoridae families at their larval stage of development.
• the tank that is the subject of the invention is particularly suitable for raising the following beetles: Tenebrio molitor, Alphitobius diaperinus, Zophobas morio, Tenebrio obscurus, Tribolium castaneum and Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, at all stages of their development, and most particularly at breeding Tenebrio molitor (or mealworm), and that of the following diptera: Hermetia illucens, Musca domestica, Chrysomya megacephala, at their larval stage of development.
• insect is used to designate any stage of development from the egg or ootheca to the adult insect.
• chitin and/or chitosan are numerous: cosmetics (cosmetic composition), medical and pharmaceutical (pharmaceutical composition, treatment of burns, biomaterials, corneal dressings, surgical threads), dietetics and food, technical (filtering agent, texturizer, flocculant or adsorbent, in particular for the filtration and depollution of water), etc.
• the document FR3034622 presents a workshop adapted to the breeding of insects on a large scale, that is to say on an industrial scale. By industrial scale is meant, for example, the production of several hundred or several thousand tons of insect larvae per year. Breeding there implements breeding containers (typically bins) which are stacked to form elementary breeding units. The elementary breeding units are stored in a first zone, and, when a breeding operation must be carried out, the containers are brought to a position suitable for carrying out the operation, grouped into elementary breeding units or unbundled individually.
• Breeding operations relate in a non-exhaustive manner to feeding, adding water, calibrating insects, adding insects to breeding containers, and numerous and various sorting operations making it possible to separate or to classify, during breeding, insects according to their stage of evolution, or to separate living insects from dead insects and/or their breeding environment, etc.
• breeding containers that meet multiple functional criteria, in particular resistance, ability to be moved by automated means, optimization in terms of volume used, sanitary compatibility, possibility of supplying food or water.
• the document FR3046333 discloses an insect breeding tank, suitable for use in large-scale breeding.
• the tray proposed in this document is stackable on ribs guaranteeing regular and reliable stacking while allowing good ventilation of the trays thanks to wide openings maintained between the stacked trays, and has edges particularly suitable for their gripping by automated means.
• the document FR3088519 relates to an insect breeding workshop, and more particularly to the climatic regulation of at least one zone of such a workshop.
• This document presents the importance of ensuring controlled and homogeneous environmental conditions prevail in an insect farm, favorable to the health, well-being and rapid growth of insects
• This document presents airflow systems optimized to achieve a and optimized air extraction in the workshop, particularly in the complex context of vertical farming.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an insect breeding tank for large-scale breeding, in particular verticalized, which is optimized with respect to many important rearing parameters, in particular climatic and aeraulic criteria.
• the invention thus relates to an insect breeding tank, comprising a solid bottom, defining a substantially horizontal plane, and side walls defining a peripheral belt of the tank.
• the bottom and the side walls define a container body.
• the bin has legs extending vertically from the bottom of the bin to a level above the rim of the bin.
• the feet of the tank are configured to allow stacking on said breeding tank of an identical insect breeding tank, while leaving a space between the bottom of said identical tank and the belt of the tank.
• the feet of the tray therefore comprise an upper support surface configured to cooperate with a lower support surface of the feet of said identical tray.
• the body of the tray is devoid of sharp edges, so as to limit the disturbances of a laminar air flow flowing around the tray.
• the feet may be devoid of vertical sharp edges.
• the distance between the bottoms of the two bins can be less, which makes it possible to maximize the number of bins for a given stacking height (which allows the breeding of more insects on the same height, or to lower the center of gravity of a stack consisting of a predetermined number of bins, which is mechanically desirable).
• the body of the tray may have the general shape of a rectangular parallelepiped of low height compared to its length and its width and then has rounded vertical edges.
• the bottom of the tank may comprise, at each of its longitudinal ends, a raised portion vis-à-vis the horizontal.
• Characteristics making it possible to further limit the aerodynamic disturbances of a flow of air passing through a column of breeding tanks are thus proposed.
• the characteristics proposed also have the consequence of predisposing the tray to be used according to a given orientation with respect to the flow of air.
• the air flow should advantageously arrive via one of the short sides of the tray, and ideally substantially perpendicular to these short sides.
• the rounded edges and the raised portion of the bottom of the tank (which give it a shape similar to that of an otherwise flat-bottomed boat hull) allow a reduction in the drag coefficient of the tank (often designated by the abbreviation Cx) .
• the container may in particular comprise four feet, two of said four feet being located on a first long edge of the container extending along its length, and two of said four feet being located on a second long edge of the container extending along its length, said four feet being located at a distance from a first short edge of the tray extending across its width and from a second short edge of the tray extending across its width.
• the position of the feet away from the side of the tray intended to receive the air flow (generally the smaller side of the tray) allows better air entry into the tray. This generally improves airflow through a stack of bins. This position also makes it possible, for a large container, which corresponds to another aspect of the invention, to improve the mechanical resistance of the container, throughout its life cycle.
• the container can have nine feet, namely:
• the tray can have a length between 0.6 m and 3.6 m, and preferably 2.4 m, and a width between 0.4 m and 2.0 m, and preferably 1.2 m .
• the container body can have a height between 30mm and 200mm.
• the bin can indeed have dimensions based on those of a standard size pallet.
• the container may have the dimensions of a "Europe" pallet, i.e. 1.20 m by 0.80 m or a multiple of these dimensions, for example 2.40 m (i.e. three times 0.80 m) by 1.20 m.
• This facilitates handling and makes the bin, and the stacks of bins, compatible with pallet transport and storage devices (pallet truck, shelves or pallet "racks").
• the lower tray of a stack of trays can thus serve as a handling support, forming a sort of pallet, in the absence of a pallet strictly speaking.
• the feet of the box can have an oblong cross-section, for example a rectangular cross-section with rounded corners or an elliptical cross-section.
• An elongated shape of the foot section makes it possible, with an appropriate orientation, to limit the front surface exposed to the air flow, while guaranteeing the absorption of significant vertical forces.
• the elongated shape of the foot section provides a support surface between stacked bins that is sufficient to hold the load (weight of the upper bins).
• a stack of trays in accordance with the invention can, for example, weigh up to 1.5 tons.
• Each foot may comprise, on its upper support surface, a stud projecting from said upper support surface.
• the tray may comprise, for each foot, an insert insert forming the lower bearing surface of the foot, said insert having a concavity of corresponding shape, except for functional clearance, to the shape of the stud.
• the inserts also allow mechanical reinforcement of the feet (which can be essentially hollow).
• the bin belt may extend substantially parallel to the bottom of the bin, and each leg may extend above the bin belt by a height of between 20% and 100% of the height of the bin body, measured between the bottom of the tank and the belt of the tank.
• the bottom of the tank may have a reinforcement pattern, in the form of convexities formed on the bottom of the tank or of low-rise ribs forming a hexagonal or triangular geometric pattern on the bottom of the tank.
• a reinforcement pattern can be adapted according to the destination of the tank, and be for example different for the tanks intended for the rearing of insect larvae and their growth and for the tanks intended for the reproduction and egg-laying of insects.
• the tray may have an interior volume divided into several zones by at least one vertical partition, for example into two to eight zones (12), for example into six zones (12).
• the invention also relates to a stack of bins.
• This stack comprises several stacked bins, and the bottom bin of the stack forms a handling support for lifting and moving said stack of bins.
• FIG. 1 shows, in a schematic three-dimensional view, an insect breeding tank according to one embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 3 shows, in a first partial sectional view, the tray of Figures 1 and 2;
• FIG. 4 shows, in a second partial sectional view, the tray of Figures 1 to 3;
• FIG. 5 shows, in a schematic view in three dimensions, an example of an insert that can be used in the invention
• FIG. 6 shows, in a top view, a tray according to another embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 7 shows, in a first partial sectional view, the tray of Figure 6;
• FIG. 8 shows, in a second partial sectional view, the tray of Figures 6 and 7;
• FIG. 9 represents a graph illustrating the distribution of the temperature in the trays of a set of stacked trays with straight edges, not corresponding to the present invention
• FIG. 10 shows a graph illustrating the temperature distribution in the trays of a set of stacked trays according to one embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 11 shows a graph illustrating the air speed at the inlet of columns of stacked trays with straight edges, not corresponding to the present invention
• FIG. 12 shows a graph illustrating the air speed at the inlet of columns of stacked trays in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
• FIG. 1 represents, according to a schematic view in three dimensions, an insect breeding tank according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Tray 1 has a bottom 2 which is solid and an opposite open face 3. Tray 1 is suitable for raising crawling or essentially crawling insects, or flying insects at the egg, larva or nymph.
• the bottom 2 of tray 1 extends along a general extension plane considered horizontal. Indeed, when breeding insects in the tank, the bottom of the tank is configured to be arranged horizontally.
• the tray has side walls 4. With the bottom 2, the side walls thus form a tray body.
• the tank body allows the reception of insects and, if necessary, the substrate useful for their breeding.
• the rearing substrate corresponds to the material used to create a living environment for the insects, and, optionally, containing the nutrients necessary for their growth.
• the side walls 4 of the tray define a belt of the tray 5, formed by an upper rim of said side walls 4.
• the belt of the tray 5 extends parallel to the bottom of the tray 2, that is to say horizontally.
• the belt of tray 5 extends in particular horizontally all around the body of the tray.
• Bin 1 has 6 feet.
• the feet 6 extend in the vertical direction (perpendicular to the horizontal) from the bottom 2 of the tank, that is to say from the horizontal plane defined by the bottom 2, to beyond the belt 5 of the tank 1.
• Tray 1 is thus configured to be stacked on or under an identical tray.
• a stack of trays 1 can thus be formed, in which, with the exception of the lowest tray of the stack, the lower bearing surface 8 of each foot rests on the upper bearing surface 7 of the corresponding foot of the tray below.
• the container 1 object of the invention has the particularity of being devoid of sharp edges.
• the tray has a substantially flattened parallelepipedic shape (it is not excluded that the side walls 4 can give the tray body a slightly flared shape).
• the tray body thus has rounded corners.
• the corners of the tray body and of the tray 1 correspond to the vertical edges 9 of the tray, formed at the junction of two successive side walls 4 of the tray, and to the corner flanges 10 formed by the tray belt 5 at this level.
• tray 1 In general, the edges of tray 1 likely to be exposed to a flow of air generated to cross a stack of trays and thus renew the air present in and around the trays, whether these are edges of the tray body or feet, are rounded.
• Tray 1 has vertical partitions 11 which divide the tray into several zones 12.
• the vertical partitions 11 are longitudinal and/or transverse.
• Tray 1 is advantageously made of plastic material.
• a food grade material is advantageously used.
• Tray 1 can thus in particular be made of polypropylene.
• Tray 1 can be made using an injection molding process.
• Zones 12 are preferably of identical or similar dimensions.
• Figure 2 shows, in a top view, the tray of Figure 1.
• the tank has large dimensions, compared to the breeding tanks known in the state of the art. Since the body of the tank has a low height h compared to its length L and its width I, the tank can also be referred to by the term "breeding tray".
• tray 1 has a length of 2.40 m and a width of 1.20 m.
• Each zone 12 thus has a length of approximately 80 cm and a width of approximately 60 cm. This corresponds to the dimensions of tanks whose good adaptation to the breeding of insects, in particular at the larval stage, has been validated.
• the bottom of the tray has a reinforcement pattern.
• the reinforcement pattern comprises, in the example shown, a succession of convexities 13 (seen from inside the tank) which extend transversely (in the direction of the width) of the tank 1 .
• Figures 1 and 2 also illustrate a preferred arrangement of the feet.
• the four feet located near the corners of tray 1 are located on a long edge of the tray (edge extending in the length of tray 1) but at a distance from the short edges of the tray (edges extending in the width of the tray 1).
• these four feet can be placed at a distance of 10 cm to 50 cm from the nearest short edge, for example at approximately 20 cm, 30 cm, or 40 cm from this short edge.
• a foot 6 is also located in the middle of the tray, in the transverse direction, in alignment respectively with each group of two feet located on the long edges of the tray, close to a short edge of the tray.
• Three feet are also arranged along a longitudinal center line of the tray, a foot 6 being located on each of the long edges of the tray, and a foot 6 in the middle of the tray in the transverse direction.
• feet 6 which are aligned transversely are interconnected by ribs 14 formed on bottom 2 of tray 1.
• the ribs 14 have a low height, compared to the height h of the tank body, and do not constitute a partitioning in the zones 12.
• the tray is thus configured so as to have mechanical characteristics, in particular in terms of rigidity and resistance to the load, allowing the lower tray of a stack of trays to serve as a handling support for the transport of a complete stack of bins.
• Figure 3 shows the tray of Figures 1 and 2, according to a first partial sectional view along the section plane A-A shown in Figure 2. This partial sectional view shows a longitudinal end of the tray 1.
• the tray thus comprises, at its longitudinal end (and in this case at each of its longitudinal ends) a raised portion 15.
• the raised portion forms an angle, and/or a curvature, scalable or not, with respect to the horizontal materialized by the general extension plane of the background 2.
• the raised portion 15 extends over approximately 50 mm in the longitudinal direction.
• the raised portion may for example extend over 20mm to 150mm, according to various embodiments of the invention.
• the raised portion here comprises an inclined portion connecting progressively to the bottom 2 of the tray on the one hand, and to the side wall 4 of the short side of the tray on the other hand.
• the raised portion 15 gives the tray 1, and in particular the tray body, a shape comparable to that of a boat or a flat-bottomed boat hull. This greatly improves the aerodynamics of the tank, by reducing its drag coefficient with respect to an air flow F whose direction is represented by a double arrow in figure 1.
• Tray 1 is thus intended for use according to a particular orientation with respect to the majority air flow which will cross the stacks of trays during the breeding of insects.
• the feet 6 are also configured according to the orientation of use of the tray 1.
• the feet 6 have a section of elongated, oblong shape, the most large dimension of the section of the foot being oriented according to the flow of air (that is to say, in the example shown, along the longitudinal direction), so as to minimize the frontal surface of each foot vis-à-vis of the airflow.
• Each foot 6 can thus have an elliptical, rectangular section (with rounded corners), or any other oblong section, for example comprising a rectangular central part and two semicircles on either side of this central section.
• Figure 3 also makes it possible to assess the dimensions of the feet in the example of container shown, compared to the height h of the container body.
• the container body has a height h of the order of 90mm.
• the height h can for example be between 40mm and 120mm).
• the upper bearing surface 7 of the foot 6 is for its part located approximately 40 mm above the belt 5 of the tray 1 .
• the foot has, in this embodiment, a total height between its lower bearing surface 8 and its upper bearing surface 7, of the order of 130 mm (the lower bearing surface of the foot being located in the same plane, or substantially in the same plane as the bottom 2.
• the upper support surface of the foot can be located for example between 10mm and 120mm above the belt of the tray.
• a space is thus provided for the circulation of air between the belt 5 of the tray delimiting its open face 3 and the bottom of the identical tray. Thanks to the positioning of the feet set back from the short edge of the tray, this space is completely free for the entry of air between the trays at the level of the said short edge.
• each foot comprises, on its upper bearing surface, a stud 16 which protrudes from the upper bearing surface 7.
• the stud 16 may have, by way of example, a height of the order of 20mm.
• This stud is shaped to have a shape correspondence, except for a functional clearance, with a concavity formed on the lower bearing surface 8.
• FIG 4 is a partial sectional view of the tray 1, according to the section plane B-B shown in Figure 2.
• Figure 4 illustrates many aspects of the constitution of a foot.
• each foot 6 is hollow.
• the lower bearing surface 8 is formed by an added insert 18.
• the insert 18 is configured to be forced into place and/or fixed by riveting (or fixed by any other suitable means, for example welded or glued) in the volume defined by the wall of the foot 6, and to be supported on a seat 19 formed by this wall.
• the insert can be made of plastic material, for example polypropylene, in particular using an injection molding process.
• Such an insert 18 is shown in detail in Figure 5, in a three-dimensional view.
• the insert 18 thus comprises a bearing edge 20 intended to bear against the seat 19 of the foot.
• the insert 18 also includes fins 21 which bear against the internal walls of the foot 6 (which is hollow) and which reinforces it mechanically.
• Figures 6 to 8 show a tray according to another embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 6 is a top view
• Figure 7 is a partial sectional view along the CC section plane shown in Figure 6
• Figure 7 is a partial sectional view along the DD section plane shown in Figure 6 .
• the insect breeding tank of Figure 6 has the same general configuration as the tank of Figures 1 to 4.
• the feet 6 can have the same arrangement as in the tray of Figures 1 to 4. They can have the same cross section.
• the studs 16 and concavities 17 of the feet can also be identical.
• the tray of Figures 1 to 4 and the tray of Figures 6 to 8 are thus stackable together.
• the tray of Figures 6 to 8 has on its bottom 2 a reinforcement pattern consisting of low height ribs 22 arranged in hexagons.
• the mechanical reinforcement, in particular in terms of rigidity in all directions, obtained with such a pattern, is greater than the reinforcement obtained with the concavities of the tray of FIGS. 1 to 4. This pattern is nevertheless more complex to manufacture.
• the tray of Figures 6 to 8 is also lower in height than the tray of Figures 1 to 4.
• the tray body has a height h of the order of 60mm.
• the upper support surface 7 of the foot 6 is itself located about 20mm above the belt 5 of the tray 1.
• the foot has, in this embodiment, a total height between its lower support surface 8 and its upper support surface 7, of the order of 80mm.
• the raised portion 15 of the tray has, in this exemplary embodiment, a length of the order of 30mm.
• tank of Figures 1 to 3 is particularly well suited to the rearing of insect larvae and their growth
• tank of Figures 6 to 8 is particularly well suited to the reproduction and egg-laying of insects.
• the tray of Figures 1 to 3 can thus, by way of example, be used to form stacks of 15 to 20 trays, for example 18 trays.
• the tray of Figures 6 to 8 can, by way of example, be used to form stacks of 25 to 40 trays, for example 32 trays.
• FIGS. 9 and 10 illustrate a first important advantage obtained thanks to the aerodynamics of a breeding tank according to the invention.
• FIGS. 9 and 10 represent, for thermal load and ventilation conditions given and identical between FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, the modeled temperature in trays located at different levels of several sets of stacked trays.
• sets of eighteen stacked tanks present in a large-scale insect farm, with a thermal regulation device ensuring air circulation in the farm.
• the insect farming considered corresponds in particular to farming of the type described in the document
• FIGS. 9 and 10 show, for each range of 1°C located between 24°C and 44°C (on the abscissa), the percentage of tanks located in the temperature range (on the ordinate) for:
• Figure 9 corresponds to a model with trays having a strictly parallelepipedal right body of trays, having sharp edges (not rounded), and which is referred to below as "straight edge trays”.
• Figure 10 corresponds to a model with trays in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, namely trays corresponding to the tray of Figure 1.
• the sets of stacked trays are on average hotter when the trays which form them have straight edges.
• the evacuation of the heat produced by the insects is a major issue in the breeding of insects on a large scale.
• the average temperature differences in the sets of stacked trays, depending on the position of these sets in breeding is between 0.35° C. and 0.9° C. between straight-sided tanks and tanks in accordance with the present invention.
• the flow of air flowing between the trays of a set of stacked trays is also found to be very different depending on whether the trays are straight edged or optimized according to the present invention.
• the optimization of the shape of the trays allows better penetration of the air flow between the trays, and therefore an increase in the flow crossing the sets of stacked trays, which promotes their cooling and more generally the renewal of the air in the tanks.
• Figures 11 and 12 thus each represent the air velocity modeled at the inlet of three sets of stacked bins, respectively referenced E1, E2 and E3.
• An air induction duct is located opposite said sets of trays, between the first set E1 and the second set E2.
• the air induction is identical in figure 11 and in figure 12.
• the areas where the air circulates at the highest speed are naturally located in front of the air induction duct.
• Comparison of Figure 11 and Figure 12 shows that the areas where the air flows at a significant speed extend more in the width of the first set E1 and the second set E2 with trays conforming to the invention (Figure 12) than with straight-sided trays ( Figure 11).
• Figure 12 shows that in the example shown, an air flow is correctly established over the entire width of the trays of the second set E2 with trays in accordance with the invention, whereas this is not the case. with straight edge bins.
• trays in accordance with the present invention allow a markedly improved air circulation, the air flow flowing at a significant speed.
• the Applicant has found that trays with straight sides cause “dead” zones at the entrance between the trays, that is to say zones in which the air does not flow, or hardly any. These zones are reduced or even eliminated thanks to the use of trays in accordance with the invention.
• the insect breeding tank thus proposed in the invention has many advantages compared to the tanks known in the prior art.
• the tray is optimized to impede the airflow as little as possible in a stack of several trays, in at least one direction.
• This aerodynamic conformation of the tank allows good maintenance of the desired environmental parameters in each tank (temperature, CO2 level, etc.). On the scale of a livestock factory, this also allows considerable energy (and therefore also economic) savings in the aeraulic systems used.
• a less powerful airflow can be used, which disturbs insect growth less, and/or a greater number of stacks of bins can be traversed by an airflow of a given power.
• large-sized bins are particularly well suited to breeding using automated means for moving the bins and vertical storage in large-sized storage structures.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Animal Husbandry (AREA)
• Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Housing For Livestock And Birds (AREA)
• Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
• Stackable Containers (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-12-07 FR FR2012795A patent/FR3116993B1/fr active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-12-03 US US18/038,865 patent/US12538906B2/en active Active
  • 2021-12-03 EP EP21847985.5A patent/EP4255181A1/fr active Pending
  • 2021-12-03 MX MX2023006648A patent/MX2023006648A/es unknown
  • 2021-12-03 WO PCT/FR2021/052196 patent/WO2022123153A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2021-12-03 CN CN202180077714.0A patent/CN116528668A/zh active Pending
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• 2023
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