EP4244781A1 - Systeme de commande d'un etat d'un oscillateur harmonique quantique - Google Patents
Systeme de commande d'un etat d'un oscillateur harmonique quantiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4244781A1 EP4244781A1 EP21851618.5A EP21851618A EP4244781A1 EP 4244781 A1 EP4244781 A1 EP 4244781A1 EP 21851618 A EP21851618 A EP 21851618A EP 4244781 A1 EP4244781 A1 EP 4244781A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- state
- oscillator
- bosons
- dissipation
- multiphoton
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
- G06N10/40—Physical realisations or architectures of quantum processors or components for manipulating qubits, e.g. qubit coupling or qubit control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N10/00—Quantum computing, i.e. information processing based on quantum-mechanical phenomena
- G06N10/70—Quantum error correction, detection or prevention, e.g. surface codes or magic state distillation
Definitions
- the invention relates to quantum information processing.
- It relates in particular to the correction of errors in the coding of information of the bosonic type, that is to say the coding which encodes information in a bosonic system having a dimension, in the sense of the Hilbert space, larger than the two states needed to encode one bit of information.
- This is for example the correction of errors in protocols where the information coding uses only Schrödinger cat states of a harmonic oscillator, i.e. a superposition of two (or more) coherent states of the harmonic oscillator.
- Quantum information processing requires implementing error correction protocols to correct unwanted changes in the state of quantum bits (or qubits) that inevitably occur due to their coupling to the outside world.
- a bit-flip type error correction method is known using a multiphoton dissipation device (Lescanne, R., V Amsterdam, M., Peronnin, T. et al. Exponential suppression of bit-flips in a qubit encoded in an oscillator. Nat. Phys. 16, 509-513 (2020)).
- the information is encoded in a Schrodinger's cat-like state of a harmonic oscillator and the correction is based on engineering the interaction between the harmonic oscillator and its environment.
- the method makes it possible to increase the time characteristic between two bit-flip errors occurring on the state carrying the information, the increase being exponential according to the size of the cat, i.e. according to the average number of bosons included in the harmonic oscillator.
- the characteristic time between two errors of the phase-flip type which are not corrected by the multiphoton dissipation, decreases linearly according to the size of the cat.
- a method for correcting certain errors linked to the loss of a boson in a harmonic oscillator using in particular a protocol for maintaining the parity of the number of bosons (GERTLER Jeffrey M. et al. “Protecting a Bosonic Qubit with Autonomous Quantum Error Correction” ⁇ https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09322>).
- the correction is based on a dispersive coupling of the harmonic oscillator to an auxiliary device such as for example a transmon.
- maintaining parity can be used to stabilize certain error channels of the qubit or to deterministically stabilize a state of the qubit.
- the life time or the purity of the state carrying the information increases linearly as a function of the coupling power between the oscillator and the auxiliary device.
- a system for controlling a state of the quantum harmonic oscillator comprising:
- quantum harmonic oscillator configured to carry information encoded in a state of the Schrödinger cat type oscillator
- a device for stabilizing a predetermined parity of a number of state bosons configured to use first and second frequency combs, the first and second frequency combs each comprising at least as many lines as an average number of bosons in the state of the Schrodinger's cat-type oscillator, and
- a multiphoton dissipation device adapted to withdraw at least one pair of bosons simultaneously from the oscillator, the multiphoton dissipation device being arranged so that it is activated only over activation periods comprised between two successive time peaks of the first and second frequency combs, the activation period having a duration greater than the inverse of the product of an average number of bosons in the state of the Schrödinger cat-type oscillator and the inverse of the characteristic time separating the withdrawal of at least one pair of bosons simultaneously from the oscillator by multiphoton dissipation, a duration separating two successive activation periods being less than a characteristic time of loss of a boson in the harmonic oscillator.
- the activation periods are adjusted so that a localization of the state in a modified Wigner representation during the activation periods of the stabilization device is restored by the dissipation device;
- a first frequency difference separating two successive lines of the first frequency comb and a second frequency difference separating two successive lines of the second comb are greater than the inverse of the characteristic loss time of a boson in the harmonic oscillator
- a first frequency difference separating two successive lines of the first frequency comb is equal to twice a second frequency difference separating two successive lines of the second comb;
- the first and second combs have peaks in the time domain, the peaks of the first comb being time-shifted with respect to the peaks of the second comb;
- the stabilization device comprising:
- the multiphoton dissipation device comprising:
- a dissipator such as a third superconducting microwave resonator having a quality factor lower than a quality factor of the first superconducting microwave resonator
- the dissipation device being activatable when the coupling circuit receives pumping energy from the pumping source.
- the invention also relates to a method for controlling a state of a quantum harmonic oscillator comprising the following simultaneous steps:
- the stabilization comprising a generation of the first and second frequency combs, the first and second frequency combs each comprising at least minus as many lines as an average number of bosons in the Schrodinger's cat-type oscillator state, and
- the multiphoton dissipation being activated only over activation periods between two successive time peaks of the first and second frequency combs, the activation period having a duration greater than the inverse of the product of an average number of bosons in the state of the Schrödinger cat-type oscillator and the inverse of the characteristic time separating the withdrawal of at least one pair of bosons simultaneously of the oscillator by multiphoton dissipation, a duration separating two successive activation periods being less than a characteristic time of loss of a boson in the harmonic oscillator.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic representations of a system for controlling a state of the quantum harmonic oscillator according to two embodiments of the invention.
- a system 1 for controlling the state of a harmonic oscillator is represented schematically in FIG.
- System 1 includes a quantum harmonic oscillator 3, a parity stabilizer 10, and a multiphoton dissipation device 20.
- a quantum harmonic oscillator and a parity stabilization device have been presented in application FR-2 009 795 to which reference may be made for more details.
- a harmonic oscillator can be in a state
- harmonic oscillator can also refer to a resonator, the two terms being used interchangeably with the same meaning in this text.
- the stabilization device makes it possible to stabilize a predetermined parity of the number of bosons of a quantum harmonic oscillator in an autonomous manner.
- the four-legged cat state is defined as the superposition of four coherent states of the quantum harmonic oscillator whose phases differ by a value of n/2.
- k> When a four-legged cat is decomposed on the states
- Each value of the predetermined integer n defines a four-legged cat. So there are four four-legged cats.
- a change in parity (caused for example by a loss or gain of a boson in the harmonic oscillator) in a logic qubit is equivalent to a change in the logic qubit.
- the loss or gain of a boson in the harmonic oscillator causes the first logical qubit to pass to the second logical qubit and vice versa.
- the two-legged cat state is defined as the superposition of two coherent states of the quantum harmonic oscillator whose phases differ by a value of n.
- k> the only non-null coefficients correspond to numbers p of bosons congruent to n modulo 2, where n is a predetermined integer which can equal 0 or 1.
- the parity stabilizer includes a nonlinear auxiliary device that is dispersively coupled to the quantum harmonic oscillator.
- the auxiliary device can be in a stable level
- the dispersive coupling between the harmonic oscillator and the auxiliary device means that the energy difference or, equivalently, the frequency difference ⁇ gf (k) between the ground state or level
- the stabilization device also comprises a dissipator, comprising at least one stable state and another excited state which relaxes spontaneously towards the stable state. This spontaneous relaxation makes it possible, during the control protocol for the state of the oscillator, to render population displacements irreversible.
- the stabilization device also includes an exciter configured to create two frequency combs.
- the frequency combs are in resonance with certain transitions of the energy levels of the system formed by the harmonic oscillator, the auxiliary device and the dissipator. They make it possible to add a boson in the harmonic oscillator if the integer k does not have the predetermined parity.
- the frequency difference separating two successive lines of the first frequency comb can be equal to twice a second frequency difference separating two successive lines of the second comb, as presented in application FR 2009795.
- the frequency difference separating two successive lines of the first frequency comb can be equal to the second frequency difference separating two successive lines of the second comb, as presented in GERTLER Jeffrey M. et al. “Protecting a Bosonic Qubit with Autonomous Quantum Error Correction” If in the frequency domain a frequency comb is made up of lines regularly separated by a frequency difference, in the time domain this frequency comb is made up of peaks separated by a time difference inversely proportional to the frequency difference. We use the line term for the frequency domain and the peak term for the time domain.
- This stabilization device makes it possible to maintain the parity of the number of bosons in the quantum harmonic oscillator in an autonomous manner. No intervention by the experimenter, inside the quantum system, is necessary for stabilization to be ensured.
- the quantum harmonic oscillator state control system also includes a multi-photon dissipation device 20 adapted to remove at least one pair of bosons simultaneously from the harmonic oscillator 3.
- the multiphoton dissipation device 20 makes it possible to obtain a certain multiphoton dissipation rate which designates the inverse of the characteristic time separating the simultaneous loss of two or four (or another integer greater than one) bosons by the quantum harmonic oscillator.
- the dissipation device can be controlled so that the extent of the dissipation phenomenon can be adjusted.
- the multiphoton dissipation phenomenon can be rendered negligible.
- the system 1 for controlling the state of a harmonic oscillator can be used to prepare particular states of the oscillator, and in particular the two-legged Schrödinger cat states.
- a change in parity (caused for example by a loss or gain of a boson in the harmonic oscillator) of the two-legged cat induces a change in the state of the logical qubit.
- the parity-keeping protocol also has the effect of affecting the relative phases between the superpositions of the different "k" Fock states of the quantum harmonic oscillator.
- the parity maintenance protocol makes it possible to prepare in a deterministic way a state having a certain parity, but this state is not a two-legged cat state, even if the initial state were one.
- the inventors propose to set up a process of dissipation with two photons simultaneously.
- the multiphoton dissipation device and the parity stabilization device are controlled in time so that the periods of activation of the dissipation device do not overlap any temporal peak of the first frequency comb or of the second frequency comb. frequencies.
- the periods of activation are adjusted so that a localization of the state in a Wigner representation modified during the periods of activation of the stabilizing device is restored by the dissipating device.
- the four coherent states of the quantum harmonic oscillator whose superposition defines the four-legged cat state, are located around the phases 0°, 90°, 180 ° and 270° .
- each frequency comb has at least as many lines as the average number of bosons corresponding to the size of the cat
- the duration that the multiphoton dissipation is active is greater than the inverse of the product of the average number of bosons corresponding to the size of the cat and the multiphoton dissipation rate.
- the first two features (a) and (b) allow the phase drift of the state, while the multiphoton dissipation is inactive, to be less than 45°.
- the third characteristic (c) allows the multiphoton dissipation to be active long enough to reduce this phase drift.
- the "bit-flip” or “phase-flip” type error rate increases, i.e. the characteristic time separating two successive errors of the "bit-flip” type flip” or “phase-flip” decreases. All this is settled before the implementation of the protocol for controlling the state of the quantum harmonic oscillator.
- the state of the harmonic oscillator is attracted and pulled back to whichever of the two coherent states is closest in phase.
- each frequency comb has at least as many lines as the average number of bosons corresponding to the size of the cat
- the duration that the multiphoton dissipation is active is greater than the inverse of the product of the average number of bosons corresponding to the size of the cat and the multiphoton dissipation rate.
- the first two features (a) and (b) allow the phase drift of the state, while the multiphoton dissipation is inactive, to be less than 90°.
- the third characteristic (c) allows the multiphoton dissipation to be active long enough to reduce this phase drift.
- the characteristic loss time of a boson is the average typical time separating two successive losses of a boson in the harmonic oscillator in the absence of any correction process.
- the temporal alternation between the multiphoton dissipation device and the parity stabilization device is interesting for combining the corrective effects of the two methods to resist errors of the bit-flip type and of the phase-flip type, or else to prepare a state of given parity.
- the periods of activation of the multiphoton dissipation are adjusted so that a localization of the state in a Wigner representation deteriorated by the parity stabilization step can be restored during the multiphoton dissipation step. In this way, the opposing effects of multiphoton dissipation and parity stabilization can be balanced.
- the first frequency deviation and the second frequency deviation are chosen as large as possible. Indeed, the greater these deviations, the shorter and closer to each other are the time peaks of the frequency combs, in other words the greater the rate of the time peaks.
- the periods of activation of the multiphoton dissipation device can then be longer and closer to each other. In this situation the multiphoton dissipation is more often active, and the time during which an irreparable error can occur is thus reduced.
- the first frequency difference and the second frequency difference greater than the rate of occurrence of errors of the “loss of a boson” type, that is to say the inverse of the characteristic time of loss of a boson in the harmonic oscillator.
- the time shift can be characterized by the duration D separating a peak of the first frequency comb and the first peak of the second frequency comb which temporally follows the negative peak.
- this frequency difference is denoted by %. It is possible to configure the exciter so that it generates the first and the second combs of frequencies with the peaks of the first comb shifted in time with respect to the peaks of the second comb.
- the time shift can be characterized by the duration D separating a peak of the first frequency comb and the first peak of the second frequency comb which temporally follows this peak of the first comb.
- the time offset D can be chosen freely within the interval
- Le time shift D can advantageously be chosen in the interval or the interval or and designate respectively the width at mid-height of the peaks of the first comb and of the second comb.
- the first and second frequency combs each have at least as many lines as the average number of bosons corresponding to the size of the cat.
- the method of controlling the state of the quantum harmonic oscillator described here can, for example, be realized using superconducting circuit technology, as shown schematically in Figure 2.
- the quantum harmonic oscillator 3 can then be a superconducting microwave resonator.
- the parity stabilization device 10 comprises an auxiliary system which may be a transmon 14, and the dissipator may be another superconducting microwave resonator 12 having, compared to the oscillator 3, a poor quality factor.
- the parity stabilization device also comprises an exciter 16 adapted to generate the frequency combs 17 and 18.
- Application FR 2009795 describes various embodiments, corresponding to a particular pair of excited state
- the multiphoton dissipation device 20 can be produced according to the indications of the article Lescanne, R., V Amsterdam, M., Peronnin, T. et al. Exponential suppression of bit-flips in a qubit encoded in an oscillator. Nat. Phys. 16, 509-513 (2020).
- the multiphoton dissipation device 20 may comprise a dissipator 22.
- This dissipator 22 may for example be a superconducting microwave resonator having, compared to the oscillator, a poor quality factor.
- the multiphoton dissipation device may also comprise an ATS circuit 24, the term ATS meaning in English Asymmetrically Threaded SQUID, that is to say a SQUID (for Superconducting Quantum Interference Device in English, that is to say superconducting device interference quantum) wound asymmetric.
- the ATS circuit 24 ensures the coupling of the harmonic oscillator 3 with the dissipator 22.
- the multiphoton dissipation device 20 comprises a pump source 26 of the ATS circuit.
- the pump source 26 can be controlled to send pump energy 27 to the ATS circuit 24.
- the ATS circuit 24 couples the sink 22 and the oscillator 3 and the multiphoton dissipation has venue.
- the ATS circuit 24 does not couple the dissipator 22 and the oscillator 3 and the multiphoton dissipation does not take place.
- the control of the pumping source thus makes it possible to define the periods of activation of the multiphoton dissipation.
- the multiphoton dissipation device 20 comprises a source of excitation of the dissipator 22.
- This source of excitation makes it possible to adjust the average number of bosons in the harmonic oscillator 3, that is to say the size of the cat when the harmonic oscillator is in a Schrödinger cat-like state.
- the source of excitation of the dissipator 22 can be synchronized with the source of pumping 26, that is to say that the two sources are active and inactive at the same time. Thus, the excitation source does not send energy into the dissipator, when the pump source is inactive.
- the system for controlling the state of the quantum harmonic oscillator can finally comprise a controller 30 which controls the parity stabilization device 10 and the multiphoton dissipation device 20.
- the controller 30 can ensure the synchronization of the generation of frequency combs 17, 18 by exciter 16 and generation of pump energy 27 by pump source 26.
- the controller 30 can in particular guarantee that the multiphoton dissipation device is activated only over activation periods comprised between two successive time peaks of the first and second frequency combs.
- the invention relates to a method for controlling a state of a quantum harmonic oscillator comprising the simultaneous steps:
- the stabilization comprising a generation of the first and second frequency combs
- multiphoton dissipation so as to remove at least one pair of bosons simultaneously from the oscillator, the multiphoton dissipation being activated only over activation periods between two successive time peaks of the first and second frequency combs, the activation periods being adjusted so that a localization of the state in a modified Wigner representation during periods of parity stabilization activation is restored by multiphoton dissipation.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
- Data Mining & Analysis (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Computational Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
- Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Stabilization Of Oscillater, Synchronisation, Frequency Synthesizers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2013755A FR3118021B1 (fr) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Système de commande d’un état d’un oscillateur harmonique quantique |
| PCT/FR2021/052371 WO2022129807A1 (fr) | 2020-12-18 | 2021-12-16 | Systeme de commande d'un etat d'un oscillateur harmonique quantique |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4244781A1 true EP4244781A1 (fr) | 2023-09-20 |
| EP4244781B1 EP4244781B1 (fr) | 2024-04-17 |
| EP4244781C0 EP4244781C0 (fr) | 2024-04-17 |
Family
ID=75438922
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21851618.5A Active EP4244781B1 (fr) | 2020-12-18 | 2021-12-16 | Systeme de commande d'un etat d'un oscillateur harmonique quantique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12169761B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4244781B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3118021B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022129807A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3114672B1 (fr) * | 2020-09-25 | 2023-12-08 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Système de stabilisation autonome d’états quantiques ayant une parité prédéterminée pour la correction d’erreur |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS4934833B1 (fr) | 1968-05-31 | 1974-09-18 | ||
| JP6877050B2 (ja) * | 2016-02-12 | 2021-05-26 | イェール ユニバーシティーYale University | 量子系の制御のための技術ならびに関連のある系および方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-12-18 FR FR2013755A patent/FR3118021B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-12-16 US US18/268,238 patent/US12169761B2/en active Active
- 2021-12-16 WO PCT/FR2021/052371 patent/WO2022129807A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-12-16 EP EP21851618.5A patent/EP4244781B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US12169761B2 (en) | 2024-12-17 |
| US20240054381A1 (en) | 2024-02-15 |
| WO2022129807A1 (fr) | 2022-06-23 |
| FR3118021A1 (fr) | 2022-06-24 |
| EP4244781B1 (fr) | 2024-04-17 |
| FR3118021B1 (fr) | 2022-12-02 |
| EP4244781C0 (fr) | 2024-04-17 |
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