EP4217525A1 - Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'une couche cristalline de conversion à partir d'une solution - Google Patents
Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'une couche cristalline de conversion à partir d'une solutionInfo
- Publication number
- EP4217525A1 EP4217525A1 EP21789782.6A EP21789782A EP4217525A1 EP 4217525 A1 EP4217525 A1 EP 4217525A1 EP 21789782 A EP21789782 A EP 21789782A EP 4217525 A1 EP4217525 A1 EP 4217525A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- growth
- crystal
- crystalline
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/12—Halides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B7/00—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
- C30B7/08—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions by cooling of the solution
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B19/00—Liquid-phase epitaxial-layer growth
- C30B19/10—Controlling or regulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B7/00—Single-crystal growth from solutions using solvents which are liquid at normal temperature, e.g. aqueous solutions
- C30B7/005—Epitaxial layer growth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0063—Control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/54—Organic compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for manufacturing a crystalline conversion layer by liquid means.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a crystalline conversion layer implementing such a device.
- the field of detectors of X, gamma radiation or even of charged or uncharged particles in particular in the field of medical or nuclear imaging, it is important to detect as accurately as possible the quantity of radiation emitted, received or transmitted, such as typically that received by the patient or that passing through the patient. It is thus necessary to have a thick crystalline layer, that is to say greater than 1 micrometer, of conversion crystal to absorb the maximum amount of radiation. Depending on the intended applications, it is also necessary for the crystalline conversion layer to have a surface area of several square millimeters to several tens of square centimeters.
- a known solution for obtaining a thick crystalline conversion layer consists in using a supersaturated solution between two plates of a reactor in order to obtain the strained crystal growth between these two plates to obtain a crystalline conversion layer. This technique is called in English “space-limited inverse temperature crystallization”.
- a problem with this solution is that the temperature and distribution of the supersaturated solution are not precisely controlled, resulting in growth including structural defects.
- the thickness of the layer is fixed by the distance between the plates. This lack of control is all the more limiting since this approach promotes growth in the plane of the layer to be produced.
- obtaining large surface layers requires growths over tens of square centimeters which, without control of the distribution and temperature of the solution, is incompatible with the development of layers of the quality necessary for the detection of ionizing radiation.
- the present invention aims to respond to all or part of the problems presented above.
- one goal is to provide a solution that meets all or part of the following objectives:
- This object can be achieved by means of a manufacturing device making it possible to manufacture a crystalline conversion layer from a crystalline conversion layer growth solution, the manufacturing device comprising:
- At least one growth solution input/output device controlling, over time, at least one function selected from the group comprising the supply and extraction of the growth solution respectively to and from the growth cavity crystalline;
- a temperature setting device creating a temperature profile in at least one element chosen from the group comprising the crystal growth cavity, the substrate and the first wall; the temperature profile controlling free formation of the crystalline conversion layer over a thickness greater than 1 micrometer, from all or part of a formation face of the substrate facing the interior of the crystal growth cavity, in a direction mainly transverse to said forming face; the entire thickness of the crystalline conversion layer being obtained by the free formation of the crystalline conversion layer.
- the first wall is sealed to the substrate so that the growth solution, introduced into the crystal growth cavity by said at least one input/output device, is extracted from the cavity for crystal growth only by at least one element chosen from the group comprising said at least one input/output device and an evacuation by spontaneous flow arranged in the first wall or in a portion of the substrate located at the level of the growth cavity .
- the temperature-setting device comprises elements making it possible to modify the temperature profile over time.
- the temperature setting device comprises elements making it possible to configure the temperature profile in at least one element chosen from the group comprising the crystal growth cavity, the substrate and the first wall.
- the temperature profile created by the heating device includes at least one temperature below a temperature of the substrate.
- the temperature profile created by the heating device includes at least one temperature greater than a temperature of the substrate.
- all or part of the heating device is arranged in at least one element chosen from the group comprising the first wall, the liquid precursor inlet/outlet device of the conversion crystal and a second wall formed at an outer face of the substrate opposite the forming face.
- the temperature setting device comprises a plurality of control zones, each control zone having a zone temperature modifiable by the temperature setting device, independently from one control zone to another control area.
- the manufacturing device comprises a plurality of separate conversion crystal growth solution input/output devices arranged on either side of the substrate, parallel to the forming face.
- At least one input/output device for liquid crystal conversion precursor is arranged opposite the forming face. In one embodiment of the device, all or part of the forming face comprises a seed layer of the conversion crystal.
- At least a part of the substrate is formed by at least one pixel; and the seed layer comprises a plurality of percolating or non-percolating crystal grains; and, at said at least one pixel, the seed layer has at least one crystal grain of the plurality of crystal grains.
- the seed layer offers a main crystallographic orientation along an axis ⁇ n00 ⁇ n being an integer between 1 and 4 inclusive.
- the seed layer has a main crystallographic orientation along an axis of the group comprising a ⁇ 110 ⁇ axis and a ⁇ 111 ⁇ axis.
- the temperature profile created by the temperature setting device is configured to obtain the formation of the crystalline conversion layer only on a limited part of the formation face of the substrate without contact with the first wall , the remaining portion of the forming face remaining devoid of conversion crystal.
- At least one growth solution inlet/outlet device passes through at least one element selected from the group comprising the first wall and the substrate.
- the crystalline conversion layer to be formed is a perovskite of a type from the group comprising ABX3, A'2C 1+ D 3+ Xe, A 4+ Xe or A2 3+ Xg; A, A', C, D and B being cations and X being a halogen anion.
- the crystalline conversion layer to be formed is an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite of formula respecting electronic neutrality A ) i-(y2 + ... + yn)A ( y2...A (n ) ynB ) i-(z2+...+zm)B ( Z 2...B (m) zmX ) 3-(x2+...+xp)X ( x2...X (p) xp where A ( n) and B (m) correspond to cations and X (n) corresponds to an anion of halogen.
- the thickness of the crystalline conversion layer to be manufactured is greater than or equal to 100 micrometers.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing a crystal conversion layer from a crystal conversion layer growth solution on a substrate, the method being implemented in such a manufacturing device, the method comprising the following steps: a) time-dependent control of at least one function selected from the group comprising feeding and extracting the growth solution by a device growing solution in/out of the fabrication device to and from a crystal growth cavity defined between a first wall of the fabrication device and the substrate; b) creation of a temperature profile by a temperature setting device in at least one element chosen from the group comprising the crystal growth cavity, the substrate, and the first wall; c) configuration of the temperature profile to control free formation of the crystalline conversion layer along a thickness greater than 1 micrometer, from all or part of a formation face of the substrate facing the interior of the crystal growth cavity, in a direction mainly transverse to said formation face, the entire thickness of the crystalline conversion layer being obtained by the free formation of the crystalline conversion layer.
- step c) the configuration of the temperature profile is modified over time.
- the temperature profile is formed in at least one element selected from the group comprising the crystal growth cavity, the substrate and the first wall.
- the temperature profile is configured to obtain the formation of the crystalline conversion layer only on a limited part of the formation face of the substrate without contact with the first wall, the remaining portion of the forming face being devoid of conversion crystal.
- step a) several growth solutions of different nature are fed into the crystal growth cavity by the input/output device in a sequential manner.
- the manufacturing device comprises a plurality of input/output devices and in which, in step a), several growth solutions of different nature are supplied, in the crystal growth cavity, each by a different input/output device, at the same time or sequentially.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which an input/output device is arranged in the first wall and in which the first wall is fixed in leaktight manner to the substrate by a joint.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which an input/output device is arranged in the first wall facing the forming face and two input/output devices are arranged on either side of the substrate parallel to the forming face.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a sectional view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which two input/output devices are arranged on either side of the substrate parallel to the forming face and in which a layer conversion crystal is being formed.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a sectional view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which the heating device is arranged along a surface smaller than that of the substrate.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a sectional view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which the heating device comprises several control zones.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a sectional view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which the formation face comprises all or part of a seed layer of the crystalline conversion layer.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which a temperature profile is highlighted between the first wall and the substrate.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a sectional view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which a temperature profile is highlighted between the first wall and the substrate.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which two input/output devices are arranged on either side of the substrate parallel to the forming face.
- FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which four input/output devices are arranged on either side of the substrate parallel to the forming face.
- FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention in which four input/output devices are arranged on either side of the substrate parallel to the forming face and in which two devices input / output are arranged facing the forming face and through the first wall.
- Figure 12 illustrates a flowchart of an exemplary manufacturing method according to another aspect of the invention.
- FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a manufacturing device according to the invention where the liquid precursor circulates in an accumulator then in a pumping system before being filtered and injected into the crystal growth cavity, the retentate retained by the filtration being returned in the accumulator.
- FIG. 14 illustrates, in top view, an example of a substrate comprising a plurality of pixels partly covered with a seed layer with percolating crystalline grains.
- the invention relates firstly to a manufacturing device 10 making it possible to manufacture a crystalline conversion layer by the liquid process.
- the fields of application targeted are in particular the manufacture of X or gamma ray detectors for medical radiography, non-destructive testing, security, nuclear, and detection in large scientific instruments for astronomy and particle physics. .
- these areas are not limiting.
- the manufacture of scintillators for the conversion of X or gamma photons into visible photons can be envisaged.
- the manufacture of detectors in other wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation such as visible photons with wavelengths between 400 and 800 nanometers or near-infrared with wavelengths greater than 800 nanometers.
- crystalline conversion layer it should be understood that one or more crystals produce, for example, an electrical response when photons or charged or uncharged particles pass through them.
- the crystals making up the conversion layer can also, depending on the application and their physical nature, be chosen for their ability to absorb energetic radiation such as X rays, gamma rays or charged or uncharged particles, and convert them into another more easily measurable.
- the terms “crystalline layer” represent a monocrystalline or polycrystalline layer. A monocrystalline layer is thus made up of a single grain with a single crystalline orientation. A polycrystalline layer consists of an assembly of grains of different crystalline orientations.
- the crystalline conversion layer is obtained from one or more dissolved precursor elements (called solute ) in one or more solvents, the whole being in liquid form and called growth solution of the crystalline conversion layer in the rest of the text.
- solute dissolved precursor elements
- the temperature of the growth solution it is then possible to promote the growth of the crystalline conversion layer.
- the principle, for there to be formation of the crystalline conversion layer in solid form, is that the dissolved precursor is configured to be in a state of supersaturation, this state being able to be induced by a given temperature.
- the solute concentration (which is the precursor of the crystalline conversion layer dissolved in the solution) must be slightly higher, of the order of a few percent, for example 5%, at the solubility limit in the solvent, thus forming the growth solution which is in the supersaturated state. In this state, the formation of conversion crystals from the growth solution is thermodynamically favorable.
- the configuration of the supersaturation of the solute in the growth solution has as parameters the temperature, the solute concentration of the conversion crystal, the nature of the solvent, the use of a non-solvent or the pressure.
- Conditions allowing growth are known to those skilled in the art.
- temperature In the case of using temperature as a driving force, it is possible to obtain crystallization by increasing temperature in the case of retrograde solubility. In this case, the solubility decreases when the temperature increases. In the case of direct solubility, crystallization is obtained by decreasing the temperature.
- the temperature profiles in the manufacturing device it is possible to choose where and when the crystallization of the crystalline conversion layer can take place.
- solute it may be advantageous to temporarily maintain the solute in a state of under-saturation, where the conversion crystal solute concentration is slightly lower, of the order of 1%, than the solubility limit of the solute. of conversion crystal in the solvent.
- This state makes it possible to partially dissolve the conversion crystals of the crystalline layer which would have already formed or a possible seed layer 17.
- This partial dissolution makes it possible to preferentially eliminate certain structural defects.
- a crystalline surface with fewer defects and constraints is advantageously obtained before carrying out a subsequent growth phase where the solute (precursor of the crystalline conversion layer) is in a state of supersaturation.
- the crystalline conversion layer to be manufactured can be a hybrid perovskite combining an organic part and an inorganic part such as CHsNHsPbBrs. It can also be an all-inorganic perovskite like CsPbBr3. It advantageously has a general chemical formula ABX3, including mixed compositions such as A (1) i-( y 2+...+ yn )A (2) y 2...A (n) yn B (1) i -(z2+...+zm) B( 2 >z2...B( m ) zm X( 1 >3-
- the indices n, m, and p being integers.
- perovskite structures are also possible, such as A' 2 C 1+ D 3+ X 6 , A2B 4+ Xe OR AsB2 3+ Xg with A, A', C, D and B being cations, B being in particular a cation metallic, and X a halogen anion.
- A, A', B, C, D, X can be a single element or a mixture of at least two elements.
- the crystalline conversion layer to be manufactured the formula of which is explained above, can also be doped with ionic or non-ionic, organic or inorganic additives.
- the conversion crystal to be manufactured can also be formed according to other compositions similar to perovskites such as according to the English terms: vacancy-ordered double perovskite, 2D layered perovskite, perovskite-like materials, defect perovskites, elpasolites, double perovskite.
- other types of materials can make up the crystalline conversion layer such as materials of the Ruddlesden-Popper, Dion-Jacobson, Chalcogenides or even Rudorffites types.
- the solvent used can be a mixture of solvents.
- the solvent is preferably of the polar and aprotic type. It can be for example N,N dimethylformamide, Dimethyl sulfoxide, gamma-Butyrolactone, acetonitrile, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc...
- the manufacturing device 10 comprises a first wall 11 and a substrate 14 defining between them a crystal growth cavity 13.
- the crystal growth cavity 13 is supplied with growth solution. This growth solution is introduced and discharged from the crystal growth cavity 13.
- the substrate 14 can be an inert surface serving only as a support or else be a functionalized surface of an optoelectronic device as illustrated in FIG. 14, an array of active or passive pixels of detectors containing transistors.
- the first wall 11 is sealingly fixed to the substrate 14 so that the growth solution, controlled in supply in the crystal growth cavity 13 by an input/output device 12 , is extracted from the crystal growth cavity 13 only by the inlet/outlet device 12 then operating in extraction control or by an evacuation by spontaneous flow, for example in the form of an overflow or siphoning orifice, arranged in the first wall 11 or for example in the form of a siphon arranged in a portion of the substrate 14 located at the level of the growth cavity 13 and provided for this purpose.
- spontaneous flow for example in the form of an overflow or siphoning orifice
- spontaneous flow for example in the form of an overflow or siphoning orifice
- a seal can be put in place between the first wall 11 and the substrate 14.
- This seal is preferably chemically inert with respect to the solvent used to dissolve the liquid precursor. Its material may, for example, be TEFLON® or even KALREZ®.
- glue such as silicone or to weld the first wall 11 to the substrate 14 by means of a chemically inert thermoplastic with a low melting point such as polypropylene to make the junction.
- the seal must be made and then destroyed with each new growth. In the event that the seal must be destroyed, it can be removed mechanically, chemically, thermally or with the aid of light.
- the joint is fixed on the first wall 11 but not on the substrate 14. This makes it possible to move the first wall 11 on the substrate 14 between each growth.
- a holding system makes it possible to mechanically hold in place at least the first wall 11 and the substrate 14 to prevent leaks between the first wall 11 and the substrate 14 by maintaining pressure at the intersection between the first wall 11 and the substrate 14. It can be a flange, a screwing device or even a weight for example.
- the growth takes place only on one face of the substrate and in the zone of interest. There is no crystallization on the rear face or on the edges of the substrate, for example heterogeneous germination on the edges of the substrate, as could be the case in an uncontrolled manner if the substrate were completely immersed.
- the first wall 11 can be formed in a material such as glass, a fluoropolymer (PTFE®) or polypropylene.
- PTFE® fluoropolymer
- polypropylene polypropylene
- the manufacturing device 10 also comprises at least one input/output device 12 of the growth solution which controls over time at least one function among the supply or the extraction of the growth solution, respectively towards and from the crystal growth cavity 13.
- the latter is respectively injected, which is equivalent to the term “supplied”, or sucked which corresponds to the term “extracted”, to and from the crystal growth cavity by an input/output device 12 performing the various functions sequentially or by various input/output devices 12 each performing only one of the functions.
- the growth solution inlet and outlet flow rate can be modified to adjust the supply of dissolved precursor, that is to say the solute, at the level of the substrate, in the crystal growth cavity 13 and/ or at the level of each of the faces of the crystalline layer of conversion during its formation.
- a single input/output device 12 can perform the two injection and suction functions sequentially.
- a single input/output device 12 is arranged in the wall of the crystal growth cavity 13 to inject the growth solution and a free evacuation of liquid, that is to say by a spontaneous flow not controlled, in other words always open, arranged in the first wall 11 or in the substrate 14, is provided to evacuate the solution from the crystal growth cavity 13.
- input/output devices 12 are formed through the walls of the crystal growth cavity 13 and each performs only one liquid injection or extraction function.
- the injection nozzles and the evacuation nozzles thus formed are spatially distributed and can be temporally synchronized so as to promote the circulation of liquid in the crystal growth cavity 13.
- the terms “nozzles” and “inlet device /output” are equivalent.
- the variation over time consists, for example, in the change from the supply function to the function of evacuation or extraction of the growth solution as the conversion crystal grows, or in the change in the flow rate of the growth solution, or else in the change of passing mode (injection, extraction or evacuation) in the blocked state.
- the variation over time consists of opening and closing input/output devices 12 performing only one function among injection or evacuation or extraction, independently and spatially, depending on the location of the nozzle, and temporally (injection or evacuation or extraction), in order to adequately mix the flow of liquid in the cavity.
- the advantage is to be able to adapt the flux and the spatial arrangement of the liquid precursor according to the progress of the growth of the conversion crystal. Indeed, this growth of the crystalline layer modifies the flow of the growth solution above and around the crystalline layer of conversion in formation.
- a plurality of input/output devices 12 for the growth solution are arranged on either side of the substrate 14, parallel to the formation face 14a.
- the input/output devices 12 can be doubled or tripled or consist of a multitude of orifices like a shower.
- the liquid precursor inlet/outlet devices 12 can be located on all the faces of the reaction cavity 13, and independently of their injecting or extracting character.
- At least one growth solution input/output device 12 is arranged facing the face of the training 14a.
- the input/output devices 12 can be doubled or tripled or consist of a multitude of orifices like a shower. This makes it possible to homogenize the growth. It can thus be envisaged to inject growth solution via input/output devices 12 arranged laterally through the first wall 11 of the crystal growth cavity and to evacuate the growth solution via an input/output device 12 arranged opposite the formation face 14a.
- the growth solution enters and leaves the crystal growth cavity, so that this circulation maintains preferably a homogeneous concentration of dissolved precursor of the conversion crystal over the entire growth front, ie at the solution-surface interface of the crystalline conversion layer being formed.
- This is particularly advantageous for large surfaces greater than 20 cm 2 and makes it possible to obtain crystalline conversion layers with as homogeneous a distribution as possible of the grain boundaries and good homogeneity at the level of the thickness of the grains.
- the growth of the crystalline conversion layer can be stopped or reduced by the variation in flow rate of the growth solution and/or by a change in temperature.
- the input/output device(s) 12 are arranged and controlled so that the liquid precursor can circulate on the growth front which is the surface of the thick crystalline conversion layer parallel to the plane of the substrate, from start to finish. the growth of the thick crystalline conversion layer.
- the liquid precursor circulates on the surface of the crystalline conversion layer over a surface equivalent to the targeted detection zone.
- the growth is advantageously carried out, by virtue of the object of the invention, in situ directly in the radiation detection or conversion device. This is advantageous over devices that mechanically constrain growth between two plates. In effect, in these devices, the solution cannot circulate on the surface of the crystalline conversion layer covering the detection zone, but can only circulate at the level of the lateral growth fronts of the crystalline layer.
- the inlet/outlet device 12 may for example be constituted by solution inlet and outlet nozzles positioned so as to guarantee a sufficient and homogeneous flow of growth solution over the entire growth surface of the crystalline conversion layer. . Such an arrangement makes it possible to minimize the dead zones, without renewal of fluid unlike systems designed for growth between plates for example.
- the introduction, into the crystal growth cavity 13, of two different liquid precursors can be done one after the other without purging. between the two.
- a first crystalline conversion layer of a first nature would be deposited up to a certain thickness, then the solution supply line purged by an inert gas for example. Then, by changing the nature of the precursor/growth solution, a second crystalline layer of conversion of a second nature would be obtained above.
- This multilayer configuration would be advantageous for modifying the interface at the contacts of any electrodes contained on the substrate 14 at the place of the substrate where the growth is envisaged by modifying locally at the interfaces the levels of valence and conduction bands and thus the barriers energy to the injection of charges electrical.
- This also makes it possible to passivate the surface of the thick layer of conversion crystal obtained by causing a perovskite structure less sensitive to the environment to crystallize, such as for example a perovskite of the Phenethylammonium or Buthylammonium halogeno-plombate BA2PbX4 type.
- the layer in contact with the substrate could also have mechanical properties adapted to minimize the mechanical stresses due to the differences in expansion linked to the temperature, between the substrate 14 and a thick layer of perovskite obtained.
- the growth solution does not completely fill the crystal growth cavity 13.
- the height of the growth solution can also be adjusted. This can make it possible to regulate or even stop the growth of the crystalline conversion layer if necessary.
- the input/output device 12 also makes it possible to inject an inert gas (argon, nitrogen) for example, into the growth solution at the level of the crystal growth cavity 13 or beforehand at the supply of the growth solution into the crystal growth cavity 13.
- an inert gas argon, nitrogen
- This makes it possible to control conditions such as the level of humidity, oxygen or even ozone.
- the manufacturing device 10 further comprises a temperature setting device 15 to create a temperature profile 15b at least in the crystal growth cavity 13 and/or the substrate 14 and/or the first wall 11.
- a temperature profile temperature 15b is shown schematically in Figures 7 and 8.
- the temperature profile 15b may consist of a temperature gradient arranged between the substrate 14 and the first wall 11 or even between the crystalline conversion layer being formed and the first wall 11.
- the temperature profile can be variable and adjusted over time. For example, it can be adapted as growth progresses, the crystalline conversion layer either in a predetermined manner or by continuous monitoring of thickness.
- the growth can be monitored in real time using camera tracking to continuously measure the thickness of the growing layer or with the Fizeau interferometric method.
- a feedback loop on the temperatures of the local zones can be set up so as to control the homogeneity of growth over the entire desired surface and over time.
- the temperature profile 15b controls the free formation of the crystalline conversion layer over a thickness greater than 1 micrometer, from all or part of a formation face 14a of the substrate 14 facing the interior of the crystal growth cavity 13, in a direction preferably transverse to said formation face 14a.
- the growth temperature is below 80° C. so as to minimize the differential thermal expansions between the substrate and the thick layer of the conversion crystal.
- a free formation is equivalent to a formation without limitations or external physical constraints vis-à-vis.
- the free formation is for example distinct from a crystal formation obtained between two plates facing each other and distant from a small space in which the growth would be confined and guided parallel to the two plates.
- Such limitations can lead to mechanical stresses due to the confinement of the crystalline layer between the two plates during temperature variations, which is detrimental to the crystalline quality.
- a free formation is different from a formation, a crystal or a polycrystal, mechanically constrained between two walls and allowing only one direction of growth or certain possible directions of growth.
- a free formation is obtained when the crystalline conversion layer grows from a substrate but without encountering a wall, arranged opposite the substrate, constraining its growth at least in thickness.
- the whole thickness of the crystal conversion layer is obtained by the free formation of the crystal conversion layer. This advantageously makes it possible to obtain a growth of the crystalline layer transversely to the substrate and not parallel to the substrate. This arrangement is also advantageous for obtaining a crystalline layer in situ directly and transversely at one or more given locations of the substrate.
- the term “formation” is equivalent to growth, homoepitaxy, heteroepitaxy or even crystallization leading to the formation of a polycrystalline layer.
- the heating device 15 makes it possible to set very precisely; 0.1°C and preferably 0.01°C; the temperature under the substrate and/or in the first wall and/or in the input/output devices 12 as well as possibly in the growth solution inlets to which they are connected.
- this arrangement allows the temperature of the growth solution to be regulated before entering the crystal growth cavity 13 as well as to configure the thermal geometry of the growth zone. It allows to maintain the growth, during the time, by setting the temperature of the growth solution in the crystal growth cavity 13 for example by maintaining the temperature above saturation equilibrium, in the case of retrograde solubility, or a temperature below the temperature saturation, in the case of direct solubility.
- the temperature profile 15b created by the temperature-setting device 15 can comprise, in the case of direct solubility, at least one temperature lower than a temperature of the substrate 14.
- it also makes it possible to establish , in the crystal growth cavity 13, a temperature gradient normal to the substrate.
- the temperature profile, generating a supersaturation profile of the solution can also be modulated in time and/or in space to adapt to the progress of the growth of the crystalline conversion layer.
- the supersaturation profile can be moved in the crystal growth cavity 13 as the conversion crystal layer grows.
- the modulation over time of the temperature gradient makes it possible to maintain normal growth on the substrate, the duration of the growth makes it possible to fix the thickness of the crystalline layer.
- the crystalline conversion layer once formed, preferably has a thickness greater than 1 micrometer, preferably greater than 100 micrometer and even more preferably greater than 300 micrometer.
- the thickness of the conversion crystal to be manufactured can be defined so as to absorb more than 85% of the incident radiation at the energy targeted for the application.
- a conversion crystal layer of a thickness of 600 micrometers of CHsNHsPbh or 1300 micrometers of CHsNHsPbBrs at RQA 5 (X-ray spectrum centered on 50keV according to standard IEC62220-1), and a thickness of 450 micrometers of CHsNHsPbh or 800 micrometers of CHsNHsPbBrs at RQ.A9 (X-ray spectrum centered on 70keV according to standard IEC62220-1).
- the temperature profile can also be adapted, as in Figure 8, to limit the possibility of growth of the crystalline conversion layer on the sides of the crystalline conversion layer.
- the temperature profile can thus be arranged so that the solution is in a state of supersaturation only along a direction transverse to the substrate 14 but not on the sides of the crystalline conversion layer. This is advantageous for obtaining a crystalline conversion layer several micrometers thick, and preferably several hundreds of micrometers, while maintaining the crystalline conversion layer according to an imprint provided at a precise location of the substrate 14.
- the temperature setting device 15 is configured to obtain the formation of the crystalline conversion layer only on a limited part of the formation face 14a of the substrate 14 without contact with the first wall 11, the remaining part of the formation face 14a remaining devoid of conversion crystal.
- An aspect ratio of up to 1 to 1400 between the thickness of the conversion crystal and its extent on the substrate can thus be advantageously obtained.
- the crystalline layer obtained can reach 300 microns in thickness for a lateral dimension of 40 centimeters. It would not be easy to obtain such an aspect ratio, with a technique that does not include means for generating a temperature profile making it possible to guide the growth of the crystalline conversion layer according to a particular configuration.
- all or part of the heating device 15 is arranged in at least the first wall 11 and/or the input/output device 12 of the liquid precursor of the conversion crystal and/or a second wall 16 formed at an outer face of substrate 14 opposite formation face 14a.
- This arrangement advantageously makes it possible to precisely adjust the temperature profile in time and in space.
- the growth solution can be adjusted in temperature in a differentiated manner between its interface with the crystalline layer being formed and its interface with the first wall 11 to promote growth only at the level of the crystalline conversion layer. It is also possible to configure, and modify in time and space, the temperature profile to favor the growth of the crystalline conversion layer in the direction of the thickness.
- the temperature-setting device 15 comprises, in a complementary example, a plurality of control zones 15a, each control zone 15a having a zone temperature that can be modified by the temperature-setting device 15, independently of a zone of control 15a to another control area 15a.
- This arrangement advantageously makes it possible to precisely adjust the temperature profile in time and in space.
- These control areas 15a can be arranged in all directions in space.
- the temperature setting device 15 is equipped with a Peltier type module making it possible to obtain temperatures lower than those of the liquid precursor or to cool the latter.
- the supersaturation of the growth solution can be maintained by varying its temperature over time.
- the growth/crystallization of the layer can take place at constant temperature and at constant concentration. In this case, it is necessary to compensate for the drop in solute/precursor concentration linked to the growth of the layer during passage through the growth cavity. Indeed, the dissolved precursor concentration decreases because a part crystallizes on the surface of the layer.
- the growth solution can be obtained by dissolving a feeder body, formed for example of an excess solid perovskite, in a reaction chamber attached to the crystal growth cavity, which can be an accumulator 70.
- a constant temperature difference must then be maintained between the accumulator 70 and the crystal growth cavity 13.
- the growth solution is sucked up by a pumping system 71 then filtered 72 before supplying the cavity crystal growth solution 13.
- the growth solution returns by circulation to the accumulator 70 where it is again enriched in precursor/solute and so on in a closed circuit.
- the retentate 73 (which is retained by the filter) is reintroduced into the accumulator 70.
- This configuration of the manufacturing device 10 makes it possible to obtain that 100% of the nourishing substance dissolved in the accumulator 70 is deposited on the substrate in the form of conversion crystals, which implies a gain in manufacturing cost as well as better control of the first instants of the crystallization of the crystalline conversion layer.
- the manufacturing device being in a closed circuit, it makes it easy to control the atmosphere, for example the levels of humidity, oxygen or even ozone.
- the growth on the substrate 14 can be carried out without specific treatment of the substrate, and initiated spontaneously by the temperature difference on the substrate. It can also advantageously be initiated from a seed layer 17 formed beforehand.
- all or part of the formation face 14a thus comprises a seed layer 17 of conversion crystal.
- This seed layer makes it possible to initiate the growth of the crystalline conversion layer by homoepitaxy or heteroepitaxy, which limits spontaneous growth on unwanted surfaces.
- This seed layer is of the same nature or of a different nature from the crystalline conversion layer. In the case where a seed layer is used, the grains constituting it must be oriented so as to promote growth along the desired crystalline axis in the axis normal to the plane of the substrate.
- the seed layer can be continuous or discontinuous, that is to say be composed of percolating or non-percolating crystal grains (17a).
- the main axis to grow may be different, such as ⁇ 110 ⁇ or ⁇ 111 ⁇ , but the ratios to respect remain the same.
- principal crystalline orientation it is advisable to understand in an equivalent way “preferential orientation”.
- the invention advantageously makes it possible to control the conditions favorable for the growth of the crystalline conversion layer, in particular by adapting the thermal geometry and renewing the solution in the cavity.
- the manufacturing device as described advantageously makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous growth of all the grains of the germination layer 17.
- homogeneous is meant that all the grains, whatever their positions on the substrate, have the same speed of advancement of the growth faces.
- the overall growth front of the layer is flat and the grain boundaries are vertical and equal in number to those of the seed layer.
- the homogeneity of thickness of the crystalline conversion layer thus contributes favorably to the homogeneity of the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the detectors.
- the number of grains in the thick layer by correctly controlling those present in the nucleation layer.
- the grains can have lateral dimensions ranging from a few microns to several hundred microns. They can be percolating or disjoint.
- the important parameter is the grain density per unit area.
- the grain boundaries are zones which behave differently from the rest of the layer from an electronic point of view, in particular by the presence of structural defects which generate electronic traps or ionic migration zones.
- the crystalline conversion layer is produced on a detector formed of pixels 14c for example, if these zones corresponding to the grain boundaries cross several pixels 14c, these pixels 14c may behave differently from the others, and the presence of grain boundaries grains can become visible in the x-ray image for example. In this sense, it would be favorable for the crystalline layer to comprise several grains per pixel 14c so as to homogenize the performance of pixels 14c to pixels 14c and not to see the trace of grain boundaries emerge on the images.
- Pixels 14c can have side dimensions from a few microns to several hundred microns. These dimensions are typically 80 microns to 200 microns for medical applications. It is advantageous to have at least one grain per pixel on the face of the thick layer in contact with the pixel, preferably 2 or 3 grains which belong to at least one pixel, which corresponds to a density greater than 80 grains/mm 2 for a square pixel of 150 micrometers side. An even more preferred density is greater than 5 grains belonging to a pixel, which corresponds to a density greater than 200 grains/mm 2 for a square pixel with a side of 150 micrometers.
- the control of the grain density per pixel can be achieved by controlling the conditions of deposition of the nucleation layer, for example the rate of drying of the layer.
- the invention advantageously makes it possible to achieve the crystallization of the crystalline conversion layer with a lower volume of liquid precursor in contact with the substrate than in the conventional case of immersion of the substrate in a solution. This gain is even more marked in the case of the embodiment presented in FIG. 13 where several layers can be produced successively with the same solution without compromising its purity, unlike the case where the substrates are immersed. This represents gains in development time and in significant production costs.
- the substrate 14 it is possible to anneal the substrate 14 at temperature in the crystal growth cavity 13 under a controlled atmosphere or under vacuum before bringing it into contact with the liquid precursor. This makes it possible to eliminate the water molecules adsorbed on the surface of the substrate 14.
- An optoelectronic device can be fabricated from the crystalline conversion layer obtained with the fabrication device 10 of the invention.
- an upper electrode is filed.
- the electrode is deposited continuously over at least the entire surface of the active matrix covered by the crystalline conversion layer.
- a single upper electrode is common to all the pixels of the matrix.
- This electrode can have the same nature as the lower electrode constituting the part of the substrate on which the crystalline conversion layer is obtained or be of a different nature as for a photodiode device.
- metals Au, Cr, Pt, Pd, Ag
- conductive oxides ITO, AZO, GZO
- conductive organic materials PEDOT-PSS, PANI, graphene, carbon ink
- one or more layers of interfaces on the electrode to fix the work function and the chemical compatibility with the perovskite (PEIE, C60, MoOs, V2O5, BCP, SPIRO).
- PEIE, C60, MoOs, V2O5, BCP, SPIRO The upper electrode is then electrically connected to the external circuit, for example via a conductive wire or a conductive line made by printing.
- the crystalline conversion layer can finally be encapsulated in air, or under an inert atmosphere (N2, Ar), or under an anhydrous atmosphere.
- N2, Ar inert atmosphere
- This can be achieved using a glass cover glued to a surface of the substrate, which is not covered by the crystalline conversion layer, using a bead of glue, or using an adhesive such as a glue or a pressure-sensitive adhesive and a plastic film comprising barrier layers.
- the encapsulation is transparent or opaque to visible light but allows the radiation to be detected to pass.
- the contact pads of the pixel matrix are then connected to a reading electronics using flexible hoses and adhesives of the ACF (Anisotropic Conductive Film) type.
- the matrix can be characterized with the usual reading methods of pixel imagers.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing a crystalline conversion layer from a growth solution, in other words by a liquid method, on the substrate 14.
- the method is implemented in a manufacturing device 10 such as that of the examples given above.
- the method comprises the following steps: a) control, depending on the time and the position of the nozzles, of the supply and extraction of the growth solution by the inlet/outlet device 12 of builder 10 to and from reactor/growth cavity 13 defined between first wall 11 of builder 10 and substrate 14; b) creation of a temperature profile 15b by the temperature setting device 15 in at least the crystal growth cavity 13 and/or the substrate 14, and/or the first wall 11; c) configuration of the temperature profile 15b to control free formation of a crystalline conversion layer with a thickness greater than 1 micrometer, from all or part of the formation face 14a of the substrate 14 facing the inside of the cavity of crystal growth 13, in a direction preferably transverse to said formation face 14a.
- This method advantageously makes it possible to control the formation of the crystalline conversion layer with a homogeneous distribution of the grain boundaries and so that they reach a thickness greater than 1 micrometer and more preferably greater than 100 micrometers as detailed in the preceding paragraphs.
- the method of the invention also makes it possible to orient the growth of the crystalline conversion layer transversely with respect to the substrate 14 from a defined surface of the substrate 14.
- the crystalline conversion layer thus grows preferentially, that is to say mainly, in a single direction transverse to the substrate 14.
- mainly it should be understood, equivalently, that more than 80% of the crystallized mass is formed by growth in the transverse direction, and preferably more than 95%.
- Parasitic crystals can in fact grow erratically on the edges of the substrate in an undesired manner.
- the process of the invention thus differs from growth processes performing constrained growth between two close surfaces. In fact, to cover surfaces of more than a few square centimeters, these methods achieve growth mainly in a direction parallel to the two surfaces and not growth mainly in a direction transverse to the substrate, the growth in a direction transverse to the two surfaces being in this case impossible because blocked by the two surfaces.
- step c) the configuration of the temperature profile 15b is modified over time. This makes it possible to adapt, for example, the conditions of saturation of the liquid precursor as the crystalline conversion layer thickens.
- the temperature profile 15b is formed in at least the crystal growth cavity 13 and/or the substrate 14 and/or the first wall 11. This arrangement makes it possible in particular to finely control the profile temperature controlling the growth of the crystalline conversion layer. Indeed, the growth depends, by supersaturation of the growth solution, on the local values of the temperature at the crystalline layer-solution interface.
- the temperature profile 15b is configured to obtain the formation of the crystalline layer of conversion only on a limited part of the forming face 14a of the substrate
- step a) several growth solutions of different nature are fed into the crystal growth cavity 13 by the input/output device 12 in a sequential manner.
- the manufacturing device 10 comprises a plurality of input/output devices 12 and in which, in step a), several growth solutions of different nature are fed into the crystal growth cavity 13 , each by one of the input/output devices 12 different, at the same time or sequentially.
- the layer in contact with the substrate could also have mechanical properties adapted to minimize the mechanical stresses due to the differences in expansion linked to the temperature, between the substrate 14 and a thick layer of perovskite obtained.
- the temperature setting device 15 mentioned above, in particular in the context of the manufacturing device 10, is according to another formulation configured to create the temperature profile 15b.
- the temperature setting device 15 is according to another formulation configured to create the temperature profile 15b.
- the 15 may comprise several thermally controllable elements in order to create the temperature profile 15b and therefore to obtain, if necessary, the desired thermal geometry of the growth zone.
- each thermally controllable element can be chosen from among a heating element, a cooling element, and an element configured to heat or cool in particular selectively.
- the heating element can be resistive to make it possible to obtain temperatures strictly higher than the ambient temperature, this ambient temperature being for example between 20°C and 120°C.
- the cooling element can be a thermoelectric element such as a Peltier type module.
- the element configured to heat or cool can be a thermoelectric element such as a Peltier type module which can either operate in heating mode or in cooling mode: its mode of operation can therefore be adapted.
- thermally controllable elements as described makes it possible to create both zones of homogeneous temperature (sets of thermally controllable elements allowing heating or allowing cooling) and marked temperature gradients (by combining the use of thermally controllable elements that heat with other thermally controllable elements that cool).
- several thermally controllable elements as described above placed under the substrate 14 opposite the crystal growth cavity 13 can define a zone where the temperature is homogeneous laterally normal to the plane of the substrate 14 (this is that is to say that the temperature is homogeneous in said zone and in a plane parallel to the plane of the substrate 14) for the creation of photoelectric crystals and therefore of the crystalline conversion layer in the growth zone.
- the thermally controllable elements can be distributed so as to delimit the control zones 15a mentioned above.
- Operating instructions for thermally controllable elements can be adjusted by measuring the temperature profile obtained at the surface of substrate 14.
- the temperature profile obtained at the surface of substrate 14 can be measured without contact by infrared thermometry or by using a thermocouple.
- the thermally controllable elements can be distributed so as to form a first set of thermally controllable elements and a second set of thermally controllable elements; the thermally controllable elements of the second set of thermally controllable elements adjoining the thermally controllable elements of the first set of thermally controllable elements.
- the thermally controllable elements of the second set of thermally controllable elements thus make it possible to create a lateral temperature gradient due to the application of an operating setpoint to the thermally controllable elements of the second set of thermally controllable elements that is significantly different from a operating setpoint for the thermally controllable elements of the first set of thermally controllable elements.
- lateral temperature gradient it is understood that this gradient is established in a plane parallel to the plane of the substrate 14.
- the measurement of the temperature profile at the surface of the substrate 14 makes it possible to adjust, by seeking to obtain the the most marked possible lateral temperature gradient, the operating instructions of the thermally controllable elements of the first set of thermally controllable elements which allow crystallization and the operating instructions of the thermally controllable elements of the second set of thermally controllable elements which tend to prevent crystallization.
- a thermal geometry favorable to the desired growth can be achieved in a direction perpendicular to the substrate plane (that is to say in a direction of measurement of the thickness of the substrate 14) by using thermally controllable elements arranged inside a cell and/or on the periphery, on the top and on the bottom of the cell.
- the cell comprises the first wall 11 and the substrate 14 defining between them the crystal growth cavity 13.
- top and bottom are given according to an axis giving the height by moving away from the substrate 14 towards the wall 11 which is found at the above the substrate 14.
- This volume and more particularly the thickness over which crystallization is possible are then: controlled by one or more setpoint temperatures fixed for the thermally controllable elements; and dependent on the thermal conductivity of the cell.
- the temperature profile thus desired perpendicular to the plane of the substrate 14 can be obtained by adjusting the setpoints of the various thermally controllable elements, the profile obtained being controlled by local temperature measurements by means of thermocouples.
- the presence of one or more thermally controllable elements in the cell makes it possible to heat the growth solution and to obtain a circulation of heating growth solution.
- the first wall 11 can also be made of a metallic material (such as, for example, aluminum or copper), if necessary, covered with a chemically inert liner or of plastic material (such as, for example, polytetrafluoroethylene).
- the substrate 14 can be made of glass or plastic such as a polyimide for example.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Conversion Of X-Rays Into Visible Images (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
- Liquid Deposition Of Substances Of Which Semiconductor Devices Are Composed (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2009597A FR3114251B1 (fr) | 2020-09-22 | 2020-09-22 | Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d’une couche cristalline de conversion à partir d’une solution |
| PCT/FR2021/051630 WO2022064142A1 (fr) | 2020-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'une couche cristalline de conversion à partir d'une solution |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4217525A1 true EP4217525A1 (fr) | 2023-08-02 |
Family
ID=75746660
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21789782.6A Pending EP4217525A1 (fr) | 2020-09-22 | 2021-09-22 | Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'une couche cristalline de conversion à partir d'une solution |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230357948A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4217525A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7837327B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20230070304A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN116457508A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3114251B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022064142A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN120844207A (zh) * | 2025-09-19 | 2025-10-28 | 长沙众耀新能源有限公司 | 一种真空制晶设备 |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3146983B2 (ja) * | 1996-06-26 | 2001-03-19 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 結晶成長方法および結晶成長用装置 |
| EP0909841A4 (fr) * | 1996-06-26 | 2001-12-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | Procede de cristallogenese, element solide et dispositif de cristallogenese utilises dans ledit procede |
| JP4587723B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-16 | 2010-11-24 | 株式会社リコー | 有機結晶付基板作製装置及び有機結晶付基板作製方法 |
| JP4865996B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-16 | 2012-02-01 | 株式会社リコー | 有機結晶付基板作製装置及び有機結晶付基板作製方法 |
| CN102634846A (zh) * | 2012-04-25 | 2012-08-15 | 青岛大学 | 一种kdp类晶体生长过程原位显微观测装置 |
| CN103526165A (zh) * | 2013-10-21 | 2014-01-22 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 透明导电薄膜及其制备方法、显示基板和显示装置 |
| CN103681244B (zh) * | 2013-12-25 | 2016-09-14 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | 低温多晶硅薄膜的制备方法及其制作系统 |
| WO2016151535A1 (fr) * | 2015-03-24 | 2016-09-29 | King Abdullah University Of Science And Technology | Procédés de préparation de structures d'halogénures organométalliques |
| JP7315137B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-26 | 2023-07-26 | 株式会社Flosfia | 結晶性酸化物膜 |
-
2020
- 2020-09-22 FR FR2009597A patent/FR3114251B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-09-22 WO PCT/FR2021/051630 patent/WO2022064142A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-09-22 EP EP21789782.6A patent/EP4217525A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-09-22 US US18/027,686 patent/US20230357948A1/en active Pending
- 2021-09-22 KR KR1020237013689A patent/KR20230070304A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2021-09-22 CN CN202180077044.2A patent/CN116457508A/zh active Pending
- 2021-09-22 JP JP2023518217A patent/JP7837327B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3114251B1 (fr) | 2023-04-28 |
| KR20230070304A (ko) | 2023-05-22 |
| CN116457508A (zh) | 2023-07-18 |
| JP2023542689A (ja) | 2023-10-11 |
| JP7837327B2 (ja) | 2026-03-30 |
| US20230357948A1 (en) | 2023-11-09 |
| FR3114251A1 (fr) | 2022-03-25 |
| WO2022064142A1 (fr) | 2022-03-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Mathies et al. | Advances in inkjet‐printed metal halide perovskite photovoltaic and optoelectronic devices | |
| Wang et al. | Recent advances in halide perovskite single‐crystal thin films: fabrication methods and optoelectronic applications | |
| FR3111919A1 (fr) | Procede de depot d’une couche de perovskite inorganique | |
| US10557214B2 (en) | Methods of preparation of organometallic halide structures | |
| Ding et al. | High-quality inorganic–organic perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 single crystals for photo-detector applications | |
| EP4015676A1 (fr) | Procédé de dépôt d'une couche de pérovskite organique ou hybride organique/inorganique | |
| Sujith et al. | Growth and characterization of high-quality orthorhombic phase CsPbBr3 perovskite single crystals for optoelectronic applications | |
| EP4217525A1 (fr) | Dispositif et procédé de fabrication d'une couche cristalline de conversion à partir d'une solution | |
| Yang et al. | Advances of metal halide perovskite large-size single crystals in photodetectors: from crystal materials to growth techniques | |
| EP2162924B1 (fr) | Structure de dispositif semi-conducteur et procédé de fabrication de celle-ci | |
| US20080259976A1 (en) | Organic Columnar Thin Films | |
| Bhavsar et al. | Optical and structural properties of Zn-doped lead iodide thin films | |
| Chen et al. | Mechanism of the surface-preferred crystal plane of CsPbBr3 single crystals in different solvents | |
| EP3989300A1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d'une couche de pérovskite à multi-cations | |
| CN114921853A (zh) | 一种具有有序畴结构的钙钛矿单晶、制备方法及辐射探测器 | |
| FR3134825A1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication d’une couche de pérovskite à multi-cations | |
| EP4241317A1 (fr) | Procédé de fabrication orientée d'un cristal de conversion par voie liquide | |
| CN113106535A (zh) | 一种二维钙钛矿单晶的制备方法 | |
| Nguyen-Tran et al. | Growth and morphology control of CH3NH3PbBr3 crystals | |
| Liu et al. | Ultrafast Response and Broad Detection Range of a Ternary Cation Perovskite Single-Crystal Thin Film Photodetector for Imaging | |
| EP1349970A1 (fr) | Procede de croissance d'un materiau semi-conducteur massif de type ii-vi | |
| Prerna et al. | Advanced synthesis strategies for single crystal perovskite halides | |
| FR2785913A1 (fr) | Procede de production d'un courant de vapeur continu contenant un compose dans lequel du gallium se presente sous forme monovalente, creuset d'evaporation pour l'evaporation d'une substance ainsi que dispositif de depot sous vide | |
| Chen et al. | Filterless Narrowband Photodetectors Based on Solution-Processed CH3NH3PbBr3 Microcrystal/Indium Tin Oxide Heterojunctions | |
| Ternes et al. | In situ reflectance-photoluminescence imaging on solution-processed perovskite thin-films |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20230417 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE Owner name: COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIESALTERNATIVES |