EP4189385A1 - Méthode de détermination et de prédiction de la sensibilité à l'oxydation d'un bitume - Google Patents
Méthode de détermination et de prédiction de la sensibilité à l'oxydation d'un bitumeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4189385A1 EP4189385A1 EP21742441.5A EP21742441A EP4189385A1 EP 4189385 A1 EP4189385 A1 EP 4189385A1 EP 21742441 A EP21742441 A EP 21742441A EP 4189385 A1 EP4189385 A1 EP 4189385A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bituminous binder
- analysis
- aging
- oxygenated compounds
- mass spectrometry
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/16—Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission
- H01J49/165—Electrospray ionisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/42—Road-making materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J49/00—Particle spectrometers or separator tubes
- H01J49/02—Details
- H01J49/10—Ion sources; Ion guns
- H01J49/16—Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission
- H01J49/161—Ion sources; Ion guns using surface ionisation, e.g. field-, thermionic- or photo-emission using photoionisation, e.g. by laser
- H01J49/162—Direct photo-ionisation, e.g. single photon or multi-photon ionisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining and predicting the oxidation sensitivity of a bitumen.
- Bituminous compositions are sensitive to oxidation. When a bitumen oxidizes, this leads to changes in the structure of the bituminous binder and an alteration of its macroscopic properties, making it more fragile in particular. In road applications, this deterioration in mechanical properties can result in the appearance of cracks or potholes in the pavement over time.
- Bitumens are extremely complex organic mixtures with a very high molecular diversity, particularly in terms of their polarity. The analysis of the aging of these bitumens is therefore relatively complex.
- Pene penetration of bitumen
- TBA Bit Ring Temperature
- IR index carboxyl, sulfoxide, etc.
- potentiometer TAN
- rheology Physico-chemical characterization techniques such as Pene (penetration of bitumen), TBA (Ball Ring Temperature), IR index (carboxyl, sulfoxide, etc.), potentiometer (TAN) and rheology are also used. These methods give macroscopic trends in aging but do not provide information on the chemical or structural aspect, nor on the predictive aspect.
- the objective of the present invention is to provide a method for analyzing the aging stability of a bituminous binder.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for predicting the oxidation sensitivity of a bituminous binder.
- the present invention which relates to a method for analyzing the aging stability of a bituminous binder comprising: a) the analysis of said bituminous binder by mass spectrometry with an ionization source by electro-nebulization in negative mode (ESI-) and measurement of the relative abundance of oxygenated compounds and non-oxygenated compounds comprising at least one nitrogen atom (classes N, NS, etc.); b) accelerated aging of said bituminous binder; c) analysis of the aged bituminous binder after different times according to step b) by mass spectrometry coupled to an electro-spray ionization source in negative mode (ESI-) and measurement of the relative abundance of the compounds oxygenated and non-oxygenated compounds comprising at least one nitrogen atom (classes N, NS, etc.); d) the comparison of the measurements of the relative abundances of the oxygenated compounds and of the non
- the method according to the invention does not implement thermogravimetric analysis.
- the method according to the invention does not implement atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI).
- APCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
- the method according to the invention does not implement thermogravimetric analysis or chemical ionization at atmospheric pressure (APCI).
- APCI atmospheric pressure
- bituminous binder and “bitumen” are synonymous.
- bitumens of natural origin, those contained in deposits of natural bitumen, natural asphalt or bituminous sands and bitumens originating from the refining of crude oil.
- bitumens according to the invention are advantageously chosen from bitumens originating from the refining of crude oil.
- the bitumens may be chosen from bitumens or mixtures of bitumens originating from the refining of crude oil, in particular bitumens containing asphaltenes or pitches.
- bitumens can be obtained by conventional processes for the manufacture of bitumens in refineries, in particular by direct distillation and/or vacuum distillation of petroleum. These bitumens can optionally be visbroken and/or deasphalted and/or rectified in air in a manner known to those skilled in the art. It is common to carry out the vacuum distillation of atmospheric residues from the atmospheric distillation of crude oil. This manufacturing process therefore corresponds to the succession of an atmospheric distillation and a vacuum distillation, the charge supplying the vacuum distillation corresponding to the atmospheric residues. These vacuum residues from the vacuum distillation tower can also constitute a bitumen according to the invention.
- bitumens or bitumen bases obtained by the refining processes can be combined with each other to obtain the best technical compromise.
- the bitumen can also be a recycling bitumen.
- the bitumens can be hard grade or soft grade bitumens.
- bitumen is chosen from bitumens of natural origin, from bitumens resulting from the refining of crude oil such as atmospheric distillation residues, vacuum distillation residues, visbroken residues, blown residues, their mixtures and their combinations.
- the method according to the invention can be implemented on a bituminous binder or a fraction of a bituminous binder, for example asphaltene fraction.
- the bituminous binder fraction can be obtained by any technique known to those skilled in the art.
- the relative abundance of oxygenated compounds increases from 0.5 to 20% after aging for 25 hours, in particular after one or more stages ii) or from 25 to 75% after aging for 72 hours compared to T0, in particular at the end of one or more stages ii); when the relative abundance of oxygen-free compounds comprising at least one nitrogen atom (class Nx and NxSy with x representing an integer between 1 and 2 and y representing an integer between 0 and 2) decreases after aging compared to T0 (unaged bituminous binder) then the bituminous binder is sensitive to oxidation (these compounds oxidize and are transformed for example into compounds of classes NxOz and NxOzSy with z representing an integer between 1 and 5).
- the relative abundance of oxygen-free compounds comprising at least one nitrogen atom decreases from 1 to 10 % after aging for 25 hours, in particular after one or more steps ii), in particular after one or more steps ii).
- steps a) and c) of the method according to the invention further comprise analysis by mass spectrometry, in particular at high resolution or at very high resolution, with an ionization source by photo-ionization at atmospheric pressure in positive mode (APPI+) and the measurement of the abundance of the non-oxygenated compounds in particular of the molecular classes CH, S, N and NS and step d) comprises the comparison of the measurements of the relative abundances of the non-oxygenated compounds obtained in step a) and in step c).
- APPI+ atmospheric pressure in positive mode
- the APPI source allows non-selective ionization of molecules with low polarity, in particular non-oxygenated compounds, in particular of the molecular classes CH, S, N and NS.
- the APPI source also provides information on compounds of molecular classes NOS, SO, NO and O.
- the parameters used for the source of ionization by electro-nebulization in negative mode (ESI-) or by photo-ionization at atmospheric pressure in positive mode (APPI+) are as follows:
- Injection rate (pL.h 1 ): between 200 and 1000, preferably between 500 and 700,
- Nebulization gas pressure between 0.1 and 5.5, preferably between 0.5 and 4,
- Temperature of the drying gas (°C): between 150 and 350, preferably between 200 and 350,
- Source vaporization temperature (°C): between 300 and 500, preferably between 350 and 450.
- the parameters of the mass spectrometer used are:
- Transient length (s) between 0.5 and 10, preferably between 1 and 5.
- the term “compounds of the molecular classes CH, S, N, NS, NOS, SO, NO or O” is understood to mean compounds comprising respectively groups CH, S, N, NS, NOS, SO, NO or O.
- molecular class means all the compounds comprising the same number and the same nature of heteroatoms, for example the molecular classes N101, N201, N102, etc.
- Analysis by mass spectrometry can be carried out with any type of mass spectrometer, in particular at high resolution or at very high resolution, for example with:
- IMS latitude-Mobility Spectrometry
- step b) can be implemented by any type of accelerated aging known to those skilled in the art.
- the aging comprises a step i) of heating said bituminous binder, preferably at a temperature of between 100°C and 200°C for a period of between 5 and 200 min, preferably between 150°C and 190°C for a period of between 50 and 100 min, preferably at 163° C. for 75 min.
- step i) corresponds to a test for determining the resistance to hardening under the effect of heat and air (or Rolling Thin Film Over Test (RTFOT) according to the English terminology). This test is governed by standard EN 12607-1.
- the aging may comprise, after step i), a step ii) of heating under pressure, preferably at a temperature between 50°C and 150°C, under a pressure varying from 0.5 to 5 MPa, for a period of between 1 and 100 hours, preferably between 70° C. and 120° C. under a pressure varying from 1 to 3 MPa, for a period of between 10 and 30 hours, preferentially at 100° C., under 2.1 MPa of pressure and for 20 h.
- step ii) corresponds to an accelerated long-term aging test carried out in a pressure aging vessel (or Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) according to the English terminology). This test is framed by the EN 14769 standard.
- step b) The aging of step b) can also be carried out without step i) but by implementing one or more steps ii).
- the aging can also be carried out under an inert atmosphere, for example under nitrogen.
- the method of the invention also makes it possible, with the data relating to the relative abundances of the various compounds of the molecular classes described above, to be able to construct maps making it possible to be able to follow the evolution of the relative abundance of certain classes of compounds and their appearance or disappearance over time. It is thus possible to make maps of the relative abundance of compounds with unsaturations (double bonds and ring) as a function of the number of carbon atoms, this mapping can be made for example for class 01 compounds (compounds comprising 1 single oxygen atom). The advantage is that this mapping makes it possible to observe the classes of compounds one by one. It is also possible to build Van-Krevelen diagrams to visualize all the data on a single map representing the H/C ratio of the molecules according to their O/C ratio.
- the present application also relates to a method for predicting the sensitivity to oxidation of a bituminous binder (B) comprising the following steps:
- step 4) analysis of the witness bituminous binder aged at different times according to step 3) by mass spectrometry with an electro-nebulization ionization source in mode negative (ESI-), the assignment of the raw formulas for each m/z ratio obtained by the analysis and the measurement of the relative abundance of each molecular class;
- ESI- electro-nebulization ionization source in mode negative
- the method according to the invention does not implement thermogravimetric analysis.
- the method according to the invention does not implement atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI).
- APCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionization
- the method according to the invention does not implement thermogravimetric analysis or chemical ionization at atmospheric pressure (APCI).
- APCI atmospheric pressure
- Steps 6) and 7) can be implemented by any statistical method known to those skilled in the art.
- steps 6) and 7) can be implemented by the partial least squares (PLS) regression method.
- step 6) can be implemented by principal component analysis (PCA) and step 7) can be linear regression.
- PCA principal component analysis
- the aging step is as described above.
- Figure 1 corresponds to the graph (PC2 as a function of PC1) obtained following the PCA analysis for a bitumen with 3 aging times and analyzed in triplicate as an ESI- source.
- Figure 2 corresponds to the linear regression of the PC1 axis of Figure 1 as a function of aging time.
- FIG. 3 corresponds to the graph of principal component 2 as a function of principal component 1 (PC2 on the ordinate and PC1 on the abscissa).
- FIG. 4 corresponds to the linear regression of the values of the PC1 axis as a function of the aging times associated with them.
- the instrument used in mass spectrometry is an FTICR 12T (SolariX XR, Bruker®). Two different sources were used for an exhaustive characterization of the different samples. This is initially the ESI- (electrospray ionization) source in negative detection mode. The second source used is the APPI source in positive detection mode (atmospheric pressure photoionization according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology) which for its part allows non-selective ionization of molecules with low polarity.
- bitumen daughter solution for analysis is prepared at 0.25mg/ml in a toluene/methanol mixture (50/50, v/v) with the addition of 3% by volume of NH OH solution (25% by mass in H 2 0) .
- a control bituminous binder is analyzed by mass spectrometry as defined above.
- the mass spectrum is processed on Bruker DataAnalysis® software to assign unique raw formulas to each of the peaks observed on the spectrum.
- bituminous binder is aged according to the following protocol:
- a graph (loading plot according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology) is then produced of the principal component 2 as a function of the principal component 1 (PC2 on the ordinate and PC1 on the abscissa). This graph is shown in Figure 1 .
- bitumen daughter solution for analysis is prepared at 0.25mg/ml in a toluene/methanol mixture (50/50, v/v) with the addition of 3% by volume of NPUOH solution (25% by mass in H 2 0) .
- bitumen daughter solution for analysis is prepared at 0.05mg/ml in toluene.
- a control bituminous binder is analyzed by mass spectrometry as defined above.
- the mass spectrum is processed on Bruker DataAnalysis® software to assign unique raw formulas to each of the peaks observed on the spectrum.
- each m/z ratio will be associated with a coefficient PC1, PC2, PC3, ...
- a graph (loading plot according to the Anglo-Saxon terminology) is then produced of the principal component 2 as a function of the principal component 1 (PC2 on the ordinate and PC1 on the abscissa). This graph is shown in Figure 3 for each of the 3 bitumen samples.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2007965A FR3113138A1 (fr) | 2020-07-28 | 2020-07-28 | Méthode de détermination et de prédiction de la sensibilité à l’oxydation d’un bitume |
| PCT/EP2021/070150 WO2022023102A1 (fr) | 2020-07-28 | 2021-07-19 | Méthode de détermination et de prédiction de la sensibilité à l'oxydation d'un bitume |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4189385A1 true EP4189385A1 (fr) | 2023-06-07 |
Family
ID=74205912
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21742441.5A Withdrawn EP4189385A1 (fr) | 2020-07-28 | 2021-07-19 | Méthode de détermination et de prédiction de la sensibilité à l'oxydation d'un bitume |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4189385A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3113138A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022023102A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115112871B (zh) * | 2022-05-30 | 2025-02-18 | 东南大学 | 基于分子模拟的sbs改性沥青老化性能评估方法 |
| CN116721705B (zh) * | 2023-04-14 | 2025-11-04 | 东南大学 | 一种环氧沥青热氧老化分子模型的构建方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-07-28 FR FR2007965A patent/FR3113138A1/fr active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-07-19 EP EP21742441.5A patent/EP4189385A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-07-19 WO PCT/EP2021/070150 patent/WO2022023102A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| DA SILVEIRA G�SSICA DOMINGOS ET AL: "A liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of organosulfur compounds in petroleum asphalt cements", JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A, ELSEVIER, AMSTERDAM, NL, vol. 1457, 3 June 2016 (2016-06-03), pages 29 - 40, XP029630321, ISSN: 0021-9673, DOI: 10.1016/J.CHROMA.2016.06.003 * |
| KONDYLI AIKATERINI ET AL: "Evaluation of the combination of different atmospheric pressure ionization sources for the analysis of extremely complex mixtures", RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY, vol. 34, no. 8, 20 February 2020 (2020-02-20), GB, XP093288903, ISSN: 0951-4198, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/rcm.8676> DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8676 * |
| See also references of WO2022023102A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022023102A1 (fr) | 2022-02-03 |
| FR3113138A1 (fr) | 2022-02-04 |
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