EP4182682A1 - Instrument et procede d'analyse d'un milieu complexe pour en determiner ses proprietes physico-chimiques - Google Patents
Instrument et procede d'analyse d'un milieu complexe pour en determiner ses proprietes physico-chimiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4182682A1 EP4182682A1 EP21752082.4A EP21752082A EP4182682A1 EP 4182682 A1 EP4182682 A1 EP 4182682A1 EP 21752082 A EP21752082 A EP 21752082A EP 4182682 A1 EP4182682 A1 EP 4182682A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- medium
- solid
- layer
- instrument
- liquid material
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance for determining moisture content, e.g. humidity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/221—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance by investigating the dielectric properties
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N22/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of microwaves or radio waves, i.e. electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of one millimetre or more
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to a probe-type instrument and a method for the in-depth analysis of a complex medium to determine its physico-chemical properties.
- complex environment is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, environments such as soils, in particular agricultural soils, walls, or the snowpack. These are essentially natural environments that can be stratified.
- the Applicant has developed an instrument and a method for determining the profile based on the measurement, at different frequencies, of the distribution, according to the propagation rate, of the amplitude of a standing electric field wave created in a transmission line inserted in the stratified medium to be studied.
- the propagation speed of the wave and its attenuation are determined for different layers of the environment to be analyzed. This speed and this attenuation depend directly on the dielectric constant r and the electrical conductivity s of the medium.
- the subject of the present invention is an instrument for the analysis of a complex medium, in particular a natural medium, which can be stratified, in order to determine its physico-chemical properties, this instrument comprising:
- bifilar a transmission line (called bifilar), of length L, comprising two parallel metal conductors immersed in the medium to be analyzed and arranged opposite each other symmetrically with respect to a central axis x and being terminated by an open circuit allowing a total reflection of the wave
- RadioFrequency sinusoidal generator (usually designated by the acronym RF) with a frequency f varying between 2 MHz and 2 GHz, to supply the metal conductors,
- each RF detector being provided with a printed antenna, ), the RF detectors and their associated printed antennas being regularly distributed along 1 line transmission and distant from each other each RF detector being capable of converting the power of the signal picked up by F antenna which is associated with it into a DC voltage, whatever the frequency imposed by the generator,
- - a supervisor card to control the RF sinusoidal generator and the plurality of RF detectors and their associated printed antennas.
- the measurement spatial step is discrete: in other words, the RF detectors and their associated antennas are regularly distributed along the transmission line and distant from each other.
- the instrument according to the invention can also comprise at least one microcontroller comprising an analog-digital A/D converter, the analog-digital A/D converter being intended to convert each voltage measured by the RF detectors into a digital value intended for be transmitted to the supervisor card.
- the printed antennas can be arranged between said metal conductors off-center with respect to the central faxe x of the transmission line. This off-centering of the printed antennas has the effect of increasing the signal (captured by an antenna)/noise ratio.
- the RF detectors can be grouped together in modules each comprising 8 RF detectors chained in series and a microcontroller.
- the present invention also relates to a method for analyzing, according to the depth x, a complex medium comprising at least one layer of solid and/or liquid material so as to determine the physical properties of said layer of solid material and/or or liquid. If the complex medium comprises a plurality of layers, each layer must be considered as a continuous medium (therefore without sudden discontinuity of its physical properties within the layer).
- the method according to the invention comprises the following steps:
- analog digital A/D converter usually designated by the acronym in English ADC for "Analog to Digital Converter" of the various DC voltages thus obtained by the RF detectors into digital values;
- a first step comprising the determination of the half-wavelength l/2 of the standing wave corresponding to the distance between two successive minima of the evolution curve of the amplitude V20(z) of the standing wave , calculating the speed c of the standing wave and the dielectric constant r in said layer of solid and/or liquid material;
- V(z) Vi.(e z + r L .e- YZ ) (1 ) with
- G L being the reflection coefficient on the load, which is substantially equal to 1 because the load is an open circuit
- the method according to the invention may also comprise an experimental step of measuring the temperature of said stratified medium to be analyzed, to increase the precision of analysis.
- This step can for example be carried out using an additional temperature profiler.
- the medium to be analyzed is a damp soil of the agricultural soil type, or soil containing granular waste or a peat bog.
- the method according to the invention further comprises a calculation step with analytical equations of the moisture content from the dielectric constant r in the layer or layers of solid and/or liquid material t followed of the temporal evolution of this rate by making a request in a database fed by the measurements of the instrument.
- the method according to this embodiment may also comprise the following steps:
- the medium to be analyzed is a stratified natural medium of the snowpack type.
- the method according to the invention further comprises the following steps:
- the present invention also relates to the use of the method according to the invention to determine whether the medium analyzed (in particular if it is a natural medium) is stratified and comprises at least two layers of solid material and/or liquid different from each other by nature: this determination of the possible stratification of the medium to be analyzed is then carried out by observing the appearance of a change/break in the evolution of V2o(z) , the wavelength l and the attenuation a of the standing wave which vary according to the nature of the layers of solid and/or liquid material of the analyzed medium. From a sufficient number of sensors (the number of which depends on the desired precision on the dielectric constant), it is possible to determine if the line is immersed in a stratified medium because at least two different wavelengths will be detected.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional representation of an example of a probe-type instrument according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional schematic representation of the probe-type instrument illustrated in [fig. 1] placed in a complex soil of the moist soil type;
- [25] [fig. 3] is a typical representation of the spatial evolution of the amplitude of the standing voltage wave V20(z) in the line in the presence of non-zero conductivity; [26] [fig. 4] is an example of a measurement made at 1206 MHz showing the evolution of the amplitude V20(z) of the standing wave in a plot of agricultural land (the experimental points being small squares and the model curve being a continuous line ) as a function of the depth x;
- FIG. 5 shows the evolution of the finished moisture content, in accordance with the method according to the invention, from two series of measurements using the instrument according to the invention
- FIG. 6 shows the evolution of the conductivity obtained, in accordance with the method according to the invention, from the same series of measurements as for FIG. 5;
- [30] [fig. 8] is an example of a measurement taken at 585 MHz showing the evolution of the amplitude V2o(z) of stationary bottom in air, then in a ground of the dry embankment type, in accordance with the arrangement illustrated by [fig. 2];
- FIG. 9 shows the evolution of the stationary base amplitude in microvolts as a function of the depth x, at the frequency f of 427 MHz, for a ground of the snowpack type (example 3),
- FIG. 11 shows the evolution of the amplitude of the voltage reflected at ground level in dry and wet sand, using a TDR probe (example 4).
- This instrument 1 includes:
- a two-wire transmission line 3 comprising two metal conductors 30, 31 parallel and arranged facing each other symmetrically with respect to a central axis x and being terminated by an open circuit allowing a total reflection of Fonde,
- each RF detector 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 being provided with a printed antenna 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, these printed antennas 61, 62, 63 , 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 preferably being arranged between the metal conductors 30, 31 off-center with respect to the central axis x of the transmission line 3, - each RF detector 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 being capable of converting the power of the signal picked up by the antenna 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 which is attached to it associated in a DC voltage,
- 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 are grouped into modules each comprising 8 RF detectors (51, 52, 53, 54,
- This microcontroller 7 comprises an analog-digital A/D converter to convert each voltage measured by the RF detectors 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 into a digital value intended to be transmitted to a supervisor card 8, which controls the RF sine wave generator 4 and the plurality of RF detectors 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58 and their associated printed antennas 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68 .
- EXAMPLE 1 determination using the method according to the invention of the evolution of the amplitude V20(z) of the standing wave in a plot of wet agricultural sand.
- the aim is to determine, using the method according to the invention, the depth profile of a parcel of wet sand.
- MO organic matter rate is 22 g/kg
- N, P and K input rates are read as follows:
- the instrument according to the invention is placed as shown in [fig. 1] and [fig. 2] in the plot by digging pilot holes with an auger and, if necessary, with a perforator, then introducing the instrument vertically into the holes thus formed
- FIG. 5 shows that the humidity rates calculated analytically in accordance with the method according to the invention are of the same order of magnitude as that measured by the SENURA with the capacitive probe (of the order of 30%, for a soil saturated with water), given that the error bar is ⁇ 5 to 10%.
- EXAMPLE 2 determination using the method according to the invention of the evolution of the amplitude V20(z) of the wave when the instrument is half immersed in a water-saturated embankment-type medium , the other part remaining in the air.
- the instrument according to the invention is placed as shown in [fig. 1] in the ground in accordance with the arrangement shown by [fig. 2] and the procedure described in example 1.
- the evolution of the amplitude of the standing wave in microvolts is then determined as a function of the depth x, as illustrated by [fig . 8] at the frequency f of 585 MHz.
- EXAMPLE 3 determination using the method according to the invention of the evolution of the amplitude V20(z) of the wave when the instrument is immersed in a snowpack.
- EXAMPLE 4 (COMPARATIVE): determination of the moisture profile in dry and wet sand using the prior art method of time domain reflectometry (TDR).
- the TDR instrument typically a probe consisting of a metal trident transmission line powered by a pulse generator
- the evolution of the amplitude of the voltage reflected at ground level as illustrated by [fig. He]
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2007582A FR3112613A1 (fr) | 2020-07-20 | 2020-07-20 | Instrument et procede d’analyse d’un milieu complexe pour en determiner ses proprietes physico-chimiques |
| PCT/FR2021/051356 WO2022018377A1 (fr) | 2020-07-20 | 2021-07-20 | Instrument et procede d'analyse d'un milieu complexe pour en determiner ses proprietes physico-chimiques |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4182682A1 true EP4182682A1 (fr) | 2023-05-24 |
Family
ID=74758821
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21752082.4A Pending EP4182682A1 (fr) | 2020-07-20 | 2021-07-20 | Instrument et procede d'analyse d'un milieu complexe pour en determiner ses proprietes physico-chimiques |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230314358A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4182682A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3112613A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022018377A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH574105A5 (en) * | 1973-02-01 | 1976-03-31 | Block Raymond | Measurement of density and water content esp. for snow - by measuring permittivity using two different frequencies |
| US6803818B2 (en) * | 2002-11-26 | 2004-10-12 | Agere Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for improved output power level control in an amplifier circuit |
| US20090134889A1 (en) * | 2007-11-28 | 2009-05-28 | Metin Ata Gunsay | Moisture sensor apparatus and method |
| FR2958041B1 (fr) * | 2010-03-23 | 2013-03-15 | Andra | Procede de mesure de teneur en eau d'un milieu et dispositif associe |
| US8985468B1 (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2015-03-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Switch using radio frequency identification |
| RU2579634C2 (ru) * | 2013-05-16 | 2016-04-10 | ОАО "Теплоприбор" | Радиолокационный волноводный уровнемер с волноводной парой |
| US9382765B2 (en) * | 2013-07-15 | 2016-07-05 | Harris Corporation | Apparatus for recovering hydrocarbon resources including ferrofluid source and related methods |
| EP3253049B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-03 | 2020-09-30 | Unitron NV | Système de distribution de signaux de fréquence radio numérique |
| US11946877B2 (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2024-04-02 | Giatec Scientific Inc. | Construction material assessment method and systems |
| WO2020132099A1 (fr) * | 2018-12-19 | 2020-06-25 | Spectrohm, Inc. | Systèmes pour déterminer des caractéristiques d'échantillons non homogènes à l'aide de champs électromagnétiques guidés |
| US11410832B2 (en) * | 2020-06-26 | 2022-08-09 | Tokyo Electron Limited | RF measurement system and method |
-
2020
- 2020-07-20 FR FR2007582A patent/FR3112613A1/fr active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-07-20 US US18/016,977 patent/US20230314358A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2021-07-20 EP EP21752082.4A patent/EP4182682A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-07-20 WO PCT/FR2021/051356 patent/WO2022018377A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2022018377A1 (fr) | 2022-01-27 |
| FR3112613A1 (fr) | 2022-01-21 |
| US20230314358A1 (en) | 2023-10-05 |
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