EP4179614A1 - Procédé de détection de défaillance d'un onduleur photovoltaïque - Google Patents
Procédé de détection de défaillance d'un onduleur photovoltaïqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP4179614A1 EP4179614A1 EP21742362.3A EP21742362A EP4179614A1 EP 4179614 A1 EP4179614 A1 EP 4179614A1 EP 21742362 A EP21742362 A EP 21742362A EP 4179614 A1 EP4179614 A1 EP 4179614A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inverter
- cycles
- time profile
- performance
- photovoltaic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/40—Testing power supplies
- G01R31/42—AC power supplies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to the field of photovoltaic energy, and relates more specifically to methods for detecting failure of photovoltaic inverters and to computer programs, recording media and processing circuits allowing the implementation such detection methods.
- O&M operations and maintenance
- the present invention improves the situation.
- a method for detecting failure of a photovoltaic inverter comprising:
- each cycle of the cyclic time profile comprising a clear disconnection of the inverter by a dry contact, followed by a reconnection of the inverter, obtaining a plurality of measurements of an electrical quantity indicative of an electrical efficiency of the inverter, each measurement being associated with a respective cycle of the time profile cyclic,
- the present invention therefore deals exclusively with the problem of the degradation of performance and the reliability of inverters, with the aim of proposing a solution that can be used for preventive and corrective purposes, making it possible to predict these problems before undergoing them or correct them after detection, through a rigorous qualification methodology before and after they are put into operation.
- the disclosed method therefore makes it possible to carry out preventive maintenance operations by early detection of reliability problems before the commissioning of the inverters as well as corrective maintenance operations on inverters for which performance problems have already been detected.
- the input of the inverter is coupled to an electric generator and at least one cyclical time profile is predetermined and generated by the electric generator.
- an electric generator it is possible for example to simulate the producible of a photovoltaic installation, and thus to apply, to an inverter at the output of production, a temporal profile alternating periods of cuts and periods representative of its future operating conditions in a photovoltaic power plant.
- the method is implemented for at least two different predetermined cyclic time profiles applied successively.
- the duration of the cycles is different for each predetermined time profile.
- the duration of the connection intervals is different for each predetermined time profile.
- the duration of the cut-off intervals is different for each predetermined time profile.
- the number of cycles is different for each predetermined time profile.
- the input of the inverter is coupled to at least one photovoltaic panel and a cyclic time profile is generated by the photovoltaic panel exposed to an incident solar flux.
- the method comprises:
- the physical parameter is a temperature of the inverter measured by a temperature sensor.
- the physical parameter is an irradiance of the photovoltaic panel measured by an irradiance sensor.
- the indicator is a total conversion efficiency of the inverter, defined as a convolution product of an AC/DC conversion efficiency of the inverter and a conversion efficiency at the maximum point power of the inverter, and the physical parameter is the AC/DC conversion efficiency of the inverter.
- a computer program is also proposed comprising instructions for implementing the above method when this program is executed by a processor.
- a non-transitory recording medium readable by a computer is also proposed on which is recorded a program for the implementation of the above method when this program is executed by a processor.
- a processing circuit is also proposed comprising a processor connected to a communication interface and to the above non-transitory recording medium.
- FIG. 1 represents, in an exemplary embodiment, a photovoltaic installation.
- FIG. 2 represents, in an exemplary embodiment, a flowchart of a general algorithm of a computer program for the implementation of a method for detecting failure of a photovoltaic inverter.
- Fig. 3 represents, in an exemplary embodiment, a flowchart of a general algorithm of a computer program for the implementation of a method for detecting failure of a photovoltaic inverter.
- FIG. 3 represents, in an exemplary embodiment, the average daily temperature as well as the total efficiency of an inverter over a period of time.
- FIG. 4 represents, in an exemplary embodiment, the total daily irradiance of a photovoltaic installation as well as the total efficiency of an inverter of this installation during a time period.
- FIG. 5 represents, in an exemplary embodiment, the efficiency hMRRt( ⁇ ) ⁇ b searching for the maximum power point as well as the total efficiency tot(t) of an inverter during a time period.
- FIG. 1 represents, in one embodiment of the invention, an example of a photovoltaic installation.
- the photovoltaic installation comprises a plurality of photovoltaic panels (1).
- Each panel or group of panels is made up of photovoltaic cells capable of converting solar energy into direct current (DC) electrical energy.
- the energy delivered by the photovoltaic cells depends on a complex equation relating the solar radiation, the temperature, and the total resistance of the circuit, which leads to a nonlinear output power.
- an inverter is by definition an element based on power electronics. More precisely, the inverter comprises two stages of power electronics.
- the first stage has a charge regulator function, which is capable of continuously analyzing the output of the photovoltaic cells in order to adjust the most appropriate resistance to be applied in order to supply the maximum power to the electrical network at the output.
- the first stage of power electronics ensures a choice of a maximum possible current/voltage pair.
- the second stage downstream, has a DC/AC converter function, which converts the DC current at the maximum power point into an AC current which is delivered to the electrical network at the output.
- the DC/AC conversion efficiency can be determined by a specific, experimental measurement, under standardized operating conditions.
- inverters are exposed to a combination of these two types of stress. Irreversible degradation of the performance of the inverter is very often induced, directly impacting the search efficiency of the maximum power point and/or the DC/AC conversion efficiency, thus degrading the technical and financial performance of the photovoltaic power plant which supplies thus less energy to the electrical network.
- FIG. 2 represents a flowchart of a general algorithm of a computer program for the implementation of a method for detecting failure of a photovoltaic inverter.
- it is proposed to subject the inverter to a combination of thermal stresses and electrical stresses.
- the ambient temperature of the photovoltaic installation as a whole is therefore a thermal stress experienced.
- the internal temperature of the inverter is a thermal stress affected by the predetermined electrical stresses and typically results from energy dissipation by Joule effect.
- the electrical stresses are predetermined and generated by a TR remote switch (5) connected to the OND inverter (4).
- the TR remote switch (5) is controlled COM TR (S2) by a processing circuit comprising a processor CPU (7) connected to a memory MEM (8) and to a communication interface INT (6) to perform a succession clean disconnections and reconnections of the inverter (4).
- definite disconnection means an abrupt variation in the power supply, without temporal damping.
- the inverter is thus switched off instantly. This clean disconnection can be implemented at the level of the AC electrical circuit at the input of the inverter or at the level of the DC electrical circuit at the output of the inverter.
- This succession obeys a predetermined cyclical or periodic program which can be defined by four parameters, namely:
- a first proposed predetermined cyclical program can be defined as spreading over a total duration of 2 days, with a frequency of 4 daily outage periods, each outage period lasting one hour and being followed by a five-hour operating period, for a cumulative total of 8 clear disconnections and 8 reconnections.
- a second predetermined cyclic program proposed, both more intensive and longer, can be defined as spreading over a total duration of 16 days, with a frequency of 24 daily cut-off periods, each cut-off period lasting 30 minutes and being followed by a period of operation of 30 minutes, for a cumulative total of 320 frank disconnections and 320 reconnections.
- a succession of different predetermined cyclic programs of different intensity can be implemented to successively test the robustness of the inverter for different operating conditions.
- an inverter installed in a photovoltaic power plant is subject to an accumulation of stresses, in particular thermal and electrical.
- the demand doses of the inverters vary from one installation to another, in particular due to the climate. For example, some facilities are located in desert regions where sandstorms occur, resulting in higher thermal and mechanical stresses than facilities located in more temperate climates.
- the solicitation doses of the inverters vary from one installation to another also because of the operating conditions and the modes of use of photovoltaic energy. Some installations may impose a specific configuration of the inverters in order to ensure voltage withstand in the face of voltage dips detected on the downstream electrical network. In addition, some installations have the option of storing part of the electrical energy produced, or not, by generating a reagent. Such installations are controlled differently from other installations capable only of supplying all of the electrical energy produced to the downstream electrical network.
- the photovoltaic installation is instrumented using various sensors measuring MES PARAM (S3 ) various parameters indicative of inverter operation and/or inverter operating conditions.
- the inverter can be tested on leaving the production plant.
- the photovoltaic installation is replaced by a DC current-voltage generator to simulate the producible of a photovoltaic installation.
- temperature sensors can be installed at the input and/or output terminals of the inverter in order to estimate the internal temperature of the inverter.
- a pyranometer measuring the global solar flux, that is to say the irradiance as a function of time.
- the various sensors are connected to one or more data acquisition units which record and store the values measured by each sensor according to a predefined time step, for example in the form of time series of timestamped values.
- [0079]0n can in particular apply a data completeness filter making it possible to detect a temporary absence of data from one or more sensors, and to quantify the completeness of the time series.
- [0080]0n can also apply a uniqueness filter to detect and eliminate corrupt data and duplicates. It is also possible to apply a consistency filter making it possible to verify the uniformity of the measurement time steps, the dynamics of the data, the detection of static states and abnormal variations of the sensors.
- [0082]0n can also apply a validity filter via a normalization of the measured data, for example within the meaning of the IEC 61724-1, 61724-2, 61724-3 standards or any other standard relating to the physical meaning of the measurements carried out such as the irradiance thresholds, temperature, performance ratio, DC power, AC power.
- Other examples of performance metrics that can be calculated include, for example, maximum power point search efficiency or AC/DC conversion efficiency.
- the performance metrics generally have a nominal value, which can be provided by the manufacturer of the inverter and/or determined for the new inverter under standard conditions of use and/or modeled by extrapolation from determined values. performance metrics on the UPS in service.
- the values of the performance metric(s) vary as a function of the temporal evolution of the operating conditions. These variations are a combination of reversible fluctuations and irreversible drops in performance.
- ACT/DEF actions can be implemented automatically following the detection of a present failure of an inverter. For example, it is possible to generate an alert, schedule an on-site maintenance intervention, disconnect the faulty inverter, connect another inverter in the installation as a replacement, etc.
- a photovoltaic installation can be based on string inverters, numerous and distributed so as to each manage, for example, a single photovoltaic panel.
- the photovoltaic installation can include centralized inverters, fewer in number and each managing a significant part of the installation.
- a faulty centralized inverter may be subject to automatic disconnection, but this disconnection will rather be supplemented by an in-depth analysis of the origin of the performance degradation and repair of the inverter.
- the thermal and/or electrical stresses of an inverter have the consequence of degrading its performance metric(s).
- the performance metric(s) of the inverter decreases, at least partially irreversibly, during the implementation of the predetermined cycling program. If the inverter is functional, this degradation remains moderate and the performance metrics remain essentially constant during the implementation of the predetermined cyclic program.
- the total efficiency values can be calculated at the start of each operating period.
- This predefined threshold can be an absolute threshold, a threshold relating to a nominal value of ntot, or a threshold relating to a previously calculated value of ntot.
- this predefined threshold can correspond for example to a reduction of ntot greater than 1% in absolute value.
- the efficiency of the inverter is calculated at an initial instant to then at a later instant t, then - if the difference tot(t) - ntot(to) between these calculated values is greater in absolute value than a predetermined threshold, for example 1% in absolute value, therefore 1% of the ideal total efficiency of the inverter, then one predicts PRD DEF/PERF (S62) a future inverter failure, and
- the inverter is considered compliant.
- the predefined threshold can be set generally or specifically for each photovoltaic installation, or even specifically for each predefined cyclic program, by various known methods.
- [0105]0n can cite for this purpose in particular statistical methods or learning methods from a large number of tot values calculated as part of the qualification of a fleet of inverters.
- the origin of a failure or loss of performance of the inverter can be identified ID SRC DEF (S7) by examining, alone or in combination, different extrinsic (like temperature or irradiance) and/or intrinsic (like h MPPT OR HDC/AC) factors.
- ID SRC DEF S7
- extrinsic like temperature or irradiance
- intrinsic like h MPPT OR HDC/AC
- the inverter since the inverter is equipped with temperature sensors at its terminals, it is possible to calculate, for each measurement time step, the average temperature recorded by the various sensors.
- an average daily temperature of the inverter For each day, it is possible to calculate an average daily temperature of the inverter as being the daily average of the average temperatures respectively calculated for each average temperature step.
- FIG. 3 represents, in an exemplary embodiment, the average daily temperature of an inverter as a function of time during a time period of 20 days, as well as the total yield of this same inverter during this same time period , as calculated as previously exposed.
- data extracts appearing on the abscissa axis of [Fig. 3], as well as [Fig. 4] and [Fig. 5] refer to specific days in the time period.
- the inverter is subjected to cycles of clear disconnections and reconnections according to a succession of two predetermined cyclic programs differing from each other in their intensity.
- the evolution of the average daily temperature may present a linear correlation with the evolution of the loss of performance of the inverter.
- the average daily temperature is then, in these cases, an extrinsic factor of degradation of the performance of the inverter.
- the total daily irradiance received can be calculated by temporal integration of the solar flux measurements accumulated during a day.
- FIG. 4 represents, in an exemplary embodiment, the total daily irradiance of a photovoltaic installation as a function of time during a time period of 20 days, as well as the total efficiency of an inverter of this installation during of this same time period, as calculated as described above.
- the inverter is subjected to the same succession of predetermined cyclic programs as in the example of [FIG. 3].
- the power factor of the inverter that is to say the ratio between the real output power of the inverter and the nominal output power of the inverter, is linearly correlated with the irradiance.
- the electrical stresses to which the inverter is subjected depend on the irradiance and, as such, vary over time.
- the evolution of the total daily irradiance can present a logarithmic correlation with the evolution of the loss of performance of the inverter.
- the total daily irradiance is then, in these cases, an extrinsic factor in the degradation of the performance of the inverter.
- h MPPT(Î) of searching for the maximum power point as a function of time is the ratio of the power Poc(t) at the output of the inverter as a function of time by the power PMPP(Î) of the point maximum operation reached by the inverter as a function of time.
- the power PDC(Î) at the output of the inverter can be measured by a power meter as already explained.
- the power PMPP) of the maximum operating point can be calculated using a photovoltaic production calculation model powered by meteorological data acquired by sensors of the photovoltaic installation and by information characteristic of the photovoltaic installation such as the power and number of photovoltaic modules, their inclination and their orientation.
- the efficiency noc/Ac(t) of converting DC power into AC power can either be measured experimentally under standardized operating conditions, or be calculated by taking the ratio of the total efficiency tot(t) as a function of the time by the efficiency PMRRTA) of search for the maximum power point as a function of time.
- FIG. 5 represents, in an exemplary embodiment, the efficiency nMPPr(t) as well as the total efficiency ntot(t) of an inverter subjected to the same succession of predetermined cyclic programs as in the examples of [Fig. 3] and [Fig. 4].
- the degradation factor of the total efficiency of the inverter is an intrinsic source, namely the efficiency HMPPr(t) of searching for the maximum power point.
- the search for extrinsic or intrinsic sources of performance degradation of an inverter is carried out by the search, which can be automated, of a correlation, for example linear or logarithmic, between the temporal evolution of the extrinsic quantity or concerned intrinsic and the temporal evolution of the performance metric of the inverter.
- the inverter in question is considered as a major source of AC energy loss for the photovoltaic power plant.
- the inverter in question presents a high risk of failure and can be automatically disconnected. Corrective maintenance can also be scheduled to repair the faulty inverter. Alternatively, the inverter in question can be replaced by a qualified inverter in the production plant.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2007172A FR3112439B1 (fr) | 2020-07-07 | 2020-07-07 | Procédé de détection de défaillance d’un onduleur photovoltaïque |
| PCT/EP2021/068736 WO2022008552A1 (fr) | 2020-07-07 | 2021-07-07 | Procédé de détection de défaillance d'un onduleur photovoltaïque |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4179614A1 true EP4179614A1 (fr) | 2023-05-17 |
Family
ID=72801679
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21742362.3A Withdrawn EP4179614A1 (fr) | 2020-07-07 | 2021-07-07 | Procédé de détection de défaillance d'un onduleur photovoltaïque |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4179614A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3112439B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2022008552A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116044798B (zh) * | 2022-12-27 | 2025-08-08 | 阳光智维科技股份有限公司 | 光伏逆变器风扇的故障诊断方法、装置及电子设备 |
| CN117929904B (zh) * | 2024-03-20 | 2024-06-21 | 深圳市广晟德科技发展有限公司 | 一种逆变器老化测试方法、装置及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6111767A (en) * | 1998-06-22 | 2000-08-29 | Heliotronics, Inc. | Inverter integrated instrumentation having a current-voltage curve tracer |
| ES2833080T3 (es) * | 2010-12-12 | 2021-06-14 | Infinirel Corp | Procedimiento y sistema de medición de la integridad de un convertidor de potencia |
| US10811882B2 (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2020-10-20 | Ge Energy Power Conversion Technology Ltd | Solar inverter grid emulation mode |
-
2020
- 2020-07-07 FR FR2007172A patent/FR3112439B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-07-07 EP EP21742362.3A patent/EP4179614A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-07-07 WO PCT/EP2021/068736 patent/WO2022008552A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3112439B1 (fr) | 2022-07-22 |
| FR3112439A1 (fr) | 2022-01-14 |
| WO2022008552A1 (fr) | 2022-01-13 |
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