EP4165404A1 - Test amélioré de cokéfaction de lubrifiant pour moteur essence - Google Patents
Test amélioré de cokéfaction de lubrifiant pour moteur essenceInfo
- Publication number
- EP4165404A1 EP4165404A1 EP21732418.5A EP21732418A EP4165404A1 EP 4165404 A1 EP4165404 A1 EP 4165404A1 EP 21732418 A EP21732418 A EP 21732418A EP 4165404 A1 EP4165404 A1 EP 4165404A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- test plate
- test
- added
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2805—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids investigating the resistance to heat or oxidation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/26—Oils; Viscous liquids; Paints; Inks
- G01N33/28—Oils, i.e. hydrocarbon liquids
- G01N33/2888—Lubricating oil characteristics, e.g. deterioration
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of the lubrication of combustion engines, more particularly to the field of testing lubricants of combustion engines for motor vehicles.
- Lubricants for combustion engines have different qualities and lifetimes depending on their composition and synthesis. Under the effect of high temperatures present in combustion engines and mechanical stresses, lubricants are subject to degradation to the point of deviating from their rheological properties, i.e. essentially viscosity. In addition, they can be subject to coking phenomena, namely separation into light product and coke forming a heavy and solid product. The coke present in the lubricant is liable to clog or foul certain areas of the combustion engine, such as in particular passages with reduced cross-section (valve guides, turbofan, etc.), and is therefore undesirable. The resistance of a lubricant to coking depends on its composition and hence on its agents or additives.
- Certain lubricant coking tests have been developed in order to be able to assess the quality and durability of lubricants, in particular by the French Coordination Group (GFC) for the development of performance tests for fuels, lubricants and other fluids in transport (http : //www.gfc- tests.org/fr/).
- GFC French Coordination Group
- the GFC has in particular developed a test of the resistance to coking of a lubricant consisting, essentially of placing a test plate in an inclined position in an enclosure, as well as a given quantity of lubricant, to be heated.
- test plate and circulate the lubricant along a upper face of the test plate, and then after circulation for a given period, observe the formation of varnish and the accumulation of carbon and / or sludge on the upper face of the test plate and, depending on said observation, assign a grade to the lubricant.
- This approach is very interesting in that it makes it possible to objectively and repeatably evaluate different lubricants.
- the published patent document FR 2880689 A1 discloses a method and device for analyzing the coking of a turbine engine lubricant, that is to say specifically designed for aeronautical applications with constraints significantly different from that of motor vehicles.
- the aim of the invention is to overcome at least one of the drawbacks of the aforementioned prior art. More particularly, the invention aims to improve the coking test of combustion engine lubricants so as to better correlate with the corresponding engine tests.
- the subject of the invention is a method for testing the coking of lubricant for a combustion engine comprising the following steps: (a) placing a test plate in an inclined position in an enclosure and placing a given amount of lubricant; (b) heating the test plate and circulating the lubricant along an upper face of the test plate; (c) after step (b) during a given period, observing the formation of varnish and carbon and / or sludge accumulation on the upper face of the test plate and, depending on said observation, assigning a grade to the lubricant; remarkable in that in step (a), to the lubricant are added water, and fuel comprising ethanol and / or fuel comprising methanol, so as to simulate the presence of these substances in the lubricant following their transfer into the lubricant during cold engine operating conditions.
- the mass concentration of the water is between 0.1 and 1%. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the mass concentration of the fuel (s) is between 2 and 8%.
- sulfuric acid is added to the lubricant.
- At least one peroxide, a hydro peroxide or a tert-butyl hydro peroxide is added to the lubricant.
- At least one hydrocarbon selected from the following list: pentene, hexene, xylene and any combination is added to the lubricant.
- formaldehyde and / or isooctane is added to the lubricant.
- step (b) is not started until at least 24 hours after the additions to the lubricant in step (a), so as to simulate a prolonged shutdown of the engine after conditions. operating when cold and / or having generated fuel dilution in oil.
- step (a) the lubricant is catalyzed by adding iron in ionic form in volatile organic solution to said lubricant.
- the iron concentration in the lubricant is between 20ppm and 100ppm.
- the measures of the invention are advantageous in that they make it possible to test the lubricants under conditions closer to the actual operating conditions of current combustion engines, in particular with regard to their mode of operation with repeated cold starts as well.
- that the variety of fuel may contain more or less sulfur.
- FIG 1 is a schematic representation of a test installation on which the method of the invention is implemented
- FIG 2 is a flowchart of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a combustion engine lubricant coking test installation on which a test method according to the invention is implemented.
- Such an installation is known per se, in particular in the test method LU-29-A-15, a coking test on an inclined plate, established by the French Coordination Group (GFC).
- GFC French Coordination Group
- the test installation 2 essentially comprises an enclosure 4 with means for recovering the lubricant by flow by gravity, a lubricant reservoir 6, a metering pump 8 with an inlet fluidly connected to the lubricant reservoir 6, pipes 10 for supplying the lubricant from an outlet of the pump 8 into the enclosure 4.
- a test plate 12 is placed in the enclosure 4, in a slightly inclined position relative to the horizontal. The inclination is preferably 4 °.
- One or more electrical resistors (not visible) are provided to heat the test plate to a temperature between 250 ° C and 350 ° C.
- the test plate is metallic and has sufficient thickness to make one or more longitudinal orifices therein intended to receive one or more electric resistances of cylindrical shape.
- the test plate is between 10 and 20mm thick and has two longitudinal holes extending over more than 80% of the total length of the test plate.
- the test plate 12 has an upper face forming a lubricant flow channel. More specifically, the upper surface has two lateral flanges extending longitudinally over the entire useful length of said test plate. These rims may be greater than 5mm in height, in order to prevent the lubricant from overflowing as it flows along the test plate.
- the channel in question is advantageously formed by removing material by machining.
- the test plate 12 may have a downstream end (relative to the direction of flow of the lubricant) in the form of a point.
- the principle of operation of the installation of FIG. 1 is as follows.
- the lubricant to be tested is placed in a predetermined quantity in the lubricant reservoir 6.
- a new test plate 12 is placed in position in the enclosure 4.
- the electrical resistance (s) are energized in order to heat the gasket. test plate 12 at target temperature.
- the target temperature is of the order of 280 ° C.
- the dosing pump 8 is actuated to bring an oil flow towards an upstream end of the test plate 12. This oil drops on the upper face of the test plate 12 and flows by gravity towards the downstream end of the test plate 12. the test plate 12 to then fall by gravity on a lower wall of the enclosure 4 and be collected towards the lubricant reservoir 6.
- the Oil undergoes a thermal treatment similar to, or representative of that undergone in certain critical areas in a thermal engine.
- the oil circulation and the maintenance of the test plate at the target temperature are maintained for a predetermined period, for example at least 12 hours, in this case 24 hours.
- the lubricant undergoes degradation, in particular by oxidation, this degradation being able to lead to the formation of coking, that is to say the formation of light products and coke.
- Coking is in fact a process by which heavy residues resulting from the distillation of petroleum as well as those resulting from cracking are transformed into light petroleum products and coke.
- This coke if produced during the coking test, will form a solid deposit on the upper face of the test plate 12.
- the upper face of the test plate 12 is analyzed. essentially by careful visual observation, in particular by means of a template forming a rating grid. The latter is then superimposed on the upper face in order to be able to qualify the possible deposit of coke on each zone of the grid.
- the coke deposit is evaluated according to two criteria, namely if it corresponds to a varnish, and if so, what color it presents, or if it corresponds to a formation of carbon or sludge.
- varnish is meant a transparent, permanent and shiny layer.
- carbon or sludge is meant a local non-transparent deposit.
- a rating grid allows you to allocate a grade to each of the areas of the rating grid and then obtain an overall rating by summing the ratings of the different areas.
- the cold and short-term operating phases are particularly common on a gasoline engine of a hybrid vehicle, in particular when the momentary power demand by the driver exceeds the capacity of the electric machine.
- the gasoline engine will then be started cold and then stop as soon as the demand for power returns to a level lower than the capacity of the electric machine.
- the combustion products include water which, given the absence of engine temperature rise, will condense and pass into the engine oil.
- bio-sourced fuels such as E10 fuel corresponding to unleaded 95 gasoline containing about 10% agroethanol
- E10 fuel corresponding to unleaded 95 gasoline containing about 10% agroethanol
- sulfuric acid which in turn can promote the degradation of the oil.
- the inventors of this invention have improved it by providing to add to the lubricant to be tested water and fuel comprising ethanol and / or fuel comprising methanol, so as to simulate the presence of these substances following their transfer into the lubricant during cold engine operating conditions and with bio-sourced fuel. It is this lubricant modified by these additions that will undergo the coking test.
- the mass concentration of these additions is not necessarily fixed because to correctly simulate the operating conditions of the engine, it will depend on the average and effective dilution rate, which itself depends on the combustion engine and its operating conditions.
- the mass concentration of the fuel (s) is advantageously between 2 and 8%.
- the mass concentration of the water is advantageously between 0.1 and 1%.
- lubricant agents capable of stressing, by chemical reaction, certain lubricant agents.
- lubricant agents known per se, are dispersing agents, detergents and antioxidants. Essentially, dispersing agents keep contaminants in suspension, detergents prevent the build-up of carbonaceous deposits on cylinder walls and neutralize acids, and antioxidants limit the natural oxidation of the lubricant especially when subjected to oil. at high temperatures.
- lubricants can include other agents such as anti-foam, anti-corrosion and also anti-wear agents (such as agents commonly referred to as extreme pressure or EP).
- Antioxidant agents may include a radical inhibitor, of the phenol and / or aromatic amine type, and / or a hydroperoxide destroyer, such as zinc dithiophosphate.
- An inhibitor of the phenol type acts by reduction of peroxide radicals giving a hydrogen atom or an electron by transfer.
- unsaturated hydrocarbons of the alkene type, such as in particular 1-pentene and / or hexene can be added.
- Aromatic hydrocarbons such as xylene can also be added.
- hydrocarbons are advantageous in that they are particularly reactive and thus capable of causing reactions with the agents of the lubricant and thus more stressing its aging.
- Isooctane a saturated hydrocarbon, can also be added to the lubricant.
- sulfuric acid H2SO4
- H2SO4 sulfuric acid
- the mass concentration of all the substances added is advantageously between 3 and 13%.
- composition of lubricant additives is a non-limiting example of the composition of lubricant additives:
- the substances are advantageously added beforehand and mixed with the lubricant.
- the lubricant thus prepared with the added substances is advantageously left to stand at ambient temperature, for example between 20 and 30 ° C., for at least 24 hours, or even several days, in order to simulate a prolonged stopping of the vehicle after a cold start.
- This rest period before the coking test can be modulated in particular by the temperature of the lubricant prepared. Indeed, by increasing the storage temperature of the prepared lubricant, this period can be shortened and vice versa.
- the lubricant can be catalyzed by adding iron thereto, in ionic form in volatile organic solution, in particular at a concentration of between 20ppm and 100ppm, for example 50ppm.
- Figure 2 illustrates by a flowchart the steps of the test method according to the invention.
- Step (a) is a preparation step, namely, on the one hand, preparation of the test installation, comprising in particular the installation of a new test plate or at least capable of undergoing a test. test, and on the other hand, of preparing the mixture of the lubricant with the additives.
- This preparation includes, in addition to adding and mixing substances to the required amount of lubricant, storing the mixture of lubricant with additives at a controlled temperature for a predetermined period.
- Step (b) is a coking test step as such, namely that the test installation is put into operation with the lubricant with the added substances, conditioned according to step (a). The lubricant with additives is then circulated by the metering pump and flows by gravity along the upper face of the test plate and undergoes there an adequate heat treatment. This step takes place for a predetermined time.
- Step (c) is a step for evaluating the test performed in step (b), consisting essentially of a detailed observation of the upper face of the test plate and its rating.
- Tests were carried out according to the method of Figure 2 with two different lubricants, one of high quality and the other of low quality.
- High grade lubricant is known to give favorable engine test results, while low grade lubricant is known to give unfavorable engine test results.
- the low quality lubricant was subjected to a first coking test according to the method of Figure 2, where only E10 fuel, up to 5% (by mass) was added, and to a second coking test following the process of Figure 2, where the substances according to the composition exemplified above have been added to the lubricant.
- the first test gave a score of 7.7 while the second gave a score of 2.8. As a reminder, the higher the score, the better the test result and vice versa.
- the high grade lubricant was subjected to a first coking test following the process of Figure 2, where only E10 fuel, up to 5% (by mass) was added, and to a second coking test. according to the process of FIG. 2, where the substances according to the composition given as an example above have been added to the lubricant.
- the first test gave a score of 8.5 while the second gave a score of 6.6.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2006222A FR3111429A1 (fr) | 2020-06-15 | 2020-06-15 | Test amélioré de cokéfaction de lubrifiant pour moteur essence |
| PCT/FR2021/050759 WO2021255353A1 (fr) | 2020-06-15 | 2021-05-03 | Test amélioré de cokéfaction de lubrifiant pour moteur essence |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4165404A1 true EP4165404A1 (fr) | 2023-04-19 |
Family
ID=73698896
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21732418.5A Withdrawn EP4165404A1 (fr) | 2020-06-15 | 2021-05-03 | Test amélioré de cokéfaction de lubrifiant pour moteur essence |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4165404A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3111429A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021255353A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3553658A (en) | 1968-04-15 | 1971-01-05 | Ibm | Active storage array having diodes for storage elements |
| FR2880689A1 (fr) | 2005-01-10 | 2006-07-14 | Snecma Moteurs Sa | Procede d'analyse de cokefaction d'une huile pour turbomoteur. |
| FR3017875B1 (fr) * | 2014-02-24 | 2016-03-11 | Total Marketing Services | Composition d'additifs et carburant de performance comprenant une telle composition |
-
2020
- 2020-06-15 FR FR2006222A patent/FR3111429A1/fr active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-05-03 EP EP21732418.5A patent/EP4165404A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-05-03 WO PCT/FR2021/050759 patent/WO2021255353A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3111429A1 (fr) | 2021-12-17 |
| WO2021255353A1 (fr) | 2021-12-23 |
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