EP4158742A1 - Vorkammer-zündkerze mit profilierter masseelektrode - Google Patents
Vorkammer-zündkerze mit profilierter masseelektrodeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4158742A1 EP4158742A1 EP21724608.1A EP21724608A EP4158742A1 EP 4158742 A1 EP4158742 A1 EP 4158742A1 EP 21724608 A EP21724608 A EP 21724608A EP 4158742 A1 EP4158742 A1 EP 4158742A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ground electrode
- housing
- spark plug
- shape
- plug according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/32—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by features of the earthed electrode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/46—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps
- H01T13/467—Sparking plugs having two or more spark gaps in parallel connection
Definitions
- a prechamber spark plug is already known from the prior art, DE 10 2017 221 517 A1. It has a housing and a cap which is arranged on the housing at the end of the housing on the combustion chamber side. The cap and the housing together form an antechamber. Bores are provided in the cap in order to enable gas to enter the antechamber and to allow gas to exit the antechamber.
- An insulator in which a center electrode is arranged, is arranged within the housing.
- a ground electrode is also provided which, together with the center electrode, forms an ignition gap.
- the prechamber spark plug is operated in the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, fresh mixture flows into the prechamber during the compression stroke. It is necessary that the fresh air gets into the ignition gap formed between the electrodes, in which a spark occurs during ignition. Due to the large increase in volume of compressed combustion gases, there is a strong pressure increase in the antechamber after ignition, which in turn allows the hot combustion gases to escape from the bores of the antechamber in the form of torches at high speed. This means that large parts of the combustion chamber can be ignited at the same time. By doing this at an optimal point in time, the efficiency of the internal combustion engine can be approximated to its thermodynamic optimum.
- a prerequisite for this is that a sufficient amount of ignitable fresh mixture flows into the antechamber and reaches the area of the ignition gap.
- the present invention is based initially on the knowledge that for an efficient access of fresh gas to the ignition gap and for an efficient outflow of burned fuel gases from the prechamber and for a homogenization of the gas in the prechamber with regard to its fuel-air ratio, the geometry of the Ground electrode plays an important role.
- the invention is further based on the knowledge that the cylindrical ground electrode known from the prior art is only suboptimal with regard to the criteria mentioned and can be improved by a geometry according to the invention in that the ground electrode has a shape that deviates from a cylindrical shape, to specifically influence a gas flow within the antechamber.
- cylinder and “cylindrical” only refer to a vertical circular cylinder.
- a further development of the invention consists in starting from a “cylinder” in a broad mathematical sense, that is to say as a body which is defined as the spatial area swept over when a flat base surface is moved in a straight line.
- the ground electrode can have a longitudinal direction.
- the longitudinal direction can be the direction along which the ground electrode is inserted into a mounting hole in the housing.
- the longitudinal direction can also be the direction in which that main axis of the ground electrode points in which it has its greatest extent.
- the ground electrode is inserted into the fastening bore of the housing and, moreover, is also screwed, pressed and / or welded into the fastening bore.
- the ground electrode is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction Has cross-sections, of which at least one cross-section deviates from a circular shape, for example the shape of an ellipse, a longitudinal cross-section of a drop, a guide vane of a turbo-compressor or a NACA profile.
- the shape and orientation of the ground electrode or the shape and orientation of the cross-sections deviating from the circular shape can cause gas flowing into the antechamber to be directed to the ignition gap through the overflow hole and / or that flow resistances in the antechamber are reduced and / or that gas flowing in through the overflow hole is specifically deflected in such a way that turbulence arises in the antechamber.
- the ground electrode consists of a base body facing the housing and a noble metal pin facing away from the housing.
- the precious metal consists predominantly of precious metal (e.g. platinum), while the base body, for example, predominantly consists of base metal.
- the base body has a shape deviating from a cylinder and / or that the noble metal pin has a cylindrical shape.
- FIG. 1 shows a prechamber spark plug which is already known per se.
- Figures 2 and 3 show an embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a prechamber spark plug 1 in a half-sectioned view.
- the prechamber spark plug 1 comprises a housing 2.
- An insulator 3 is inserted into the housing 2.
- the housing 2 and the insulator 3 each have a bore along their longitudinal axis.
- the housing has an outer side 24 and an inner side 23.
- the longitudinal axis of the housing 2, the longitudinal axis X of the insulator 3 and the longitudinal axis of the prechamber spark plug 1 coincide.
- a center electrode 4 is inserted into the insulator 3.
- an electrical contact extends into the insulator 3, via which the prechamber spark plug 1 is electrically contacted with a voltage source.
- the electrical contacting forms the end of the prechamber spark plug 1 facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the electrical contacting can be formed in one piece or, as in this example, from several components, such as a connecting bolt 8 and a connecting nut 9.
- the insulator 3 is typically divided into three areas: the insulator base 31, the insulator body 32 and the insulator head 33.
- the three areas differ, for example, in that they have different diameters.
- the insulator foot 31 is the end of the insulator 3 facing the combustion chamber.
- the center electrode 4 is arranged within the insulator foot 31.
- the insulator foot 31 is generally arranged completely within the housing 2. As a rule, the insulator foot 31 has the smallest outer diameter on the insulator 3.
- the insulator body 32 which as a rule is completely enclosed by the housing 2, is arranged adjacent to the insulator base 31.
- the insulator body 32 has a larger outer diameter than the insulator base 31.
- the transition between the insulator base 31 and the insulator body 32 is designed as a shoulder or throat.
- This transition is also referred to as a fillet or insulator seat 35.
- the insulator head 33 adjoins the end of the insulator body 32 facing away from the combustion chamber and forms the end of the insulator 3 facing away from the combustion chamber.
- the insulator head 33 protrudes from the housing 2.
- the outer diameter of the insulator head 33 lies between the outer diameters of the insulator base 31 and the insulator body 32, the areas typically not having a constant outer diameter over their length, but rather the outer diameter can vary.
- the housing 2 has a seat 25 on its inside.
- the insulator rests with its shoulder or insulator seat 35 on the housing seat 25.
- An inner seal 10 is arranged between the insulator seat 35 and the housing seat 25.
- the resistance element 7 connects the center electrode 4 in an electrically conductive manner the connecting bolt 8.
- the resistance element 7 is constructed, for example, as a layer system from a first contact panel / CCM, a resistance channel / CCM and a second contact panel / CCM.
- the layers of the resistance element differ in their material composition and the resulting electrical resistance.
- the ground electrode 5 is arranged in a bore 52, so that the ground electrode 5 protrudes radially from the inside 23 of the housing into the bore along the longitudinal axis X of the housing 2.
- the ground electrode 5 and the center electrode 4 together form an ignition gap.
- the bore 52 extends from the outside 24 through the housing wall to the inside 23 of the housing 2.
- the housing 2 has a shaft.
- a polygon 21, a shrink recess and a thread 22 are formed on this shaft.
- the thread 22 is used to screw the prechamber spark plug 1 into an internal combustion engine.
- An outer sealing element 6 is arranged between the thread 22 and the polygon 21.
- the outer sealing element 6 is designed as a folding seal in this exemplary embodiment.
- the bore 52 in the housing wall is formed in the area of the thread 22.
- the bore 52 for the ground electrode 5 and thus also the ground electrode 5 can be arranged at any desired height in the area of the thread 22.
- the center electrode 4 and with it also the insulator foot 31 protrude more or less far into the prechamber 81.
- the position of the bore 52 in the area of the thread 22 and the ground electrode 5 on the inside 23 of the housing 2 can be selected.
- the bore 52 is arranged in a recess 51, such as, for example, a conical or a round groove.
- the outer diameter of the housing 2 in the recess is smaller than the core diameter of the thread 22.
- the recess 51 can be produced, for example, by punching the housing 2 during the manufacture of the prechamber spark plug 1. Not only is the outer diameter of the housing 2 reduced in the area of the recess 51, but also the inside diameter of the housing 2 in the area of the recess 51.
- a cap 80 is arranged on the housing 2 on its end face on the combustion chamber side.
- the housing 2 and the cap 80 together form an antechamber 81 with an antechamber volume.
- the prechamber 81 extends from the cap into the housing 2 and inside the housing 2 up to the housing seat 25 on which the insulator 3 rests with its shoulder 35.
- the space between the housing 2 and the insulator 3 is sealed gas-tight at this point by means of an inner seal 10.
- the prechamber 81 and its volume can be divided into a front prechamber 81a and a rear prechamber 81b.
- the boundary between the front prechamber 81a and the rear prechamber 81b is determined by the position of the ground electrode, i.e.
- the front prechamber 81a extends from the cap to a plane which, at the level of the ground electrode, is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X of the housing.
- the rear prechamber 81b extends from this plane to the housing seat 25, on which the insulator 3 and the inner seal 10 rest.
- the ground electrode 5 has a base body 5a facing the housing 2 and a noble metal pin 5b facing away from the housing 2.
- the base body 5a has a shape different from a cylinder, while the noble metal pin 5b has a cylindrical shape.
- the center electrode 5 At right angles to the longitudinal direction y of the ground electrode 5, in the region of the base body 5a, the center electrode 5 has cross-sections which correspond to the cross-sectional area along the longitudinal direction of a drop. Overall, a ground electrode 5 profiled as a drop is thus formed.
- the end of the droplet protruding from an imaginary cylindrical shape can point in the direction of the cap 80, for example, or in the direction of an overflow bore 82 in the cap 80.
- the ground electrode 5 is shown in FIG. 3, enlarged and in a top view, along its longitudinal axis y looking out of the antechamber 81.
- the ground electrode 5 which is profiled as a drop, can in this way substantially improve the inflow or outflow of gas.
- the center electrode 5 has cross-sections which have the shape of an ellipse.
- a ground electrode 5 profiled as an ellipsoid or semi-ellipsoid is formed.
- One of the two ends of the ellipsoid protruding from an imaginary cylindrical shape can point, for example, in the direction of the cap 80 or in the direction of an overflow bore 82 in the cap 80.
- the ground electrode 5 profiled in this way can in this way substantially improve the inflow or outflow of gas.
- the center electrode 5 can also have a different eccentric shape or be designed with different eccentric cross sections.
- the greatest eccentricity 5c that occurs is preferably oriented in the direction of the cap 80 or in the direction of an overflow bore 82 of the cap 80.
Landscapes
- Spark Plugs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020206663.9A DE102020206663A1 (de) | 2020-05-28 | 2020-05-28 | Vorkammer-Zündkerze mit profilierter Masseelektrode |
| PCT/EP2021/061814 WO2021239415A1 (de) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-05-05 | Vorkammer-zündkerze mit profilierter masseelektrode |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4158742A1 true EP4158742A1 (de) | 2023-04-05 |
| EP4158742B1 EP4158742B1 (de) | 2025-04-30 |
Family
ID=75888016
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21724608.1A Active EP4158742B1 (de) | 2020-05-28 | 2021-05-05 | Vorkammer-zündkerze mit profilierter masseelektrode |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4158742B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020206663A1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES3032773T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021239415A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021209803A1 (de) | 2021-09-06 | 2023-03-09 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Zündkerzeneinheit zur Wasserstoffzündung in einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| DE102022207313A1 (de) * | 2022-07-18 | 2024-01-18 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Zündkerze mit verbesserter Masseelektrode |
| DE102022207692A1 (de) | 2022-07-27 | 2024-02-01 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Vorkammerzündkerze |
| DE102022214076A1 (de) * | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-20 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Zündkerze mit Einführhilfe für eine seitlich eingebrachte Masseelektrode |
| DE102022214078A1 (de) | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-20 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Zündkerze mit Einführhilfe für eine seitlich eingebrachte Masseelektrode |
| DE102022214083A1 (de) * | 2022-12-20 | 2024-06-20 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Elektrode mit länglicher Erhebung oder Nut und Zündkerze mit einer solchen Elektrode als Masseelektrode |
| JP7702440B2 (ja) * | 2023-01-16 | 2025-07-03 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | スパークプラグ |
| DE102023213262A1 (de) * | 2023-12-22 | 2025-06-26 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Zündkerze mit verbesserter Masseelektrode |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB737117A (en) * | 1952-01-31 | 1955-09-21 | Jet Ignition Company Inc | Improvements in or relating to spark plugs |
| AT506140B1 (de) * | 2007-11-05 | 2009-11-15 | Francesconi Christian | Zündkerze |
| JP5451490B2 (ja) * | 2010-03-31 | 2014-03-26 | 株式会社デンソー | 点火プラグ及びエンジン |
| DE102013221963B4 (de) * | 2013-10-29 | 2019-10-17 | Dkt Verwaltungs-Gmbh | Vorkammerzündkerze |
| EP3173596B1 (de) * | 2015-11-25 | 2020-04-01 | Caterpillar Energy Solutions GmbH | Vorverbrennungskammeranordnung für verbrennungsmotoren |
| DE102017221517A1 (de) | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-06 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Zündkerze mit verlängertem Gehäuse und Masseelektrode an der Gehäuseinnenseite |
-
2020
- 2020-05-28 DE DE102020206663.9A patent/DE102020206663A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-05-05 WO PCT/EP2021/061814 patent/WO2021239415A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-05-05 ES ES21724608T patent/ES3032773T3/es active Active
- 2021-05-05 EP EP21724608.1A patent/EP4158742B1/de active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4158742B1 (de) | 2025-04-30 |
| WO2021239415A1 (de) | 2021-12-02 |
| ES3032773T3 (en) | 2025-07-24 |
| DE102020206663A1 (de) | 2021-12-02 |
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