EP4153990A1 - Méthode de calcul d'un flux d'au moins un premier gaz émis par une source dans l'atmosphère, utilisant un deuxième gaz traceur, procédé, système et nécessaire associés - Google Patents
Méthode de calcul d'un flux d'au moins un premier gaz émis par une source dans l'atmosphère, utilisant un deuxième gaz traceur, procédé, système et nécessaire associésInfo
- Publication number
- EP4153990A1 EP4153990A1 EP21727828.2A EP21727828A EP4153990A1 EP 4153990 A1 EP4153990 A1 EP 4153990A1 EP 21727828 A EP21727828 A EP 21727828A EP 4153990 A1 EP4153990 A1 EP 4153990A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- source
- contents
- trajectory
- representative
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012855 volatile organic compound Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 160
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 37
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 description 3
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011088 calibration curve Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000237858 Gastropoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/30—Prediction of properties of chemical compounds, compositions or mixtures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D47/00—Equipment not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U10/00—Type of UAV
- B64U10/10—Rotorcrafts
- B64U10/13—Flying platforms
- B64U10/14—Flying platforms with four distinct rotor axes, e.g. quadcopters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/0004—Gaseous mixtures, e.g. polluted air
- G01N33/0009—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment
- G01N33/0062—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display
- G01N33/0068—General constructional details of gas analysers, e.g. portable test equipment concerning the measuring method or the display, e.g. intermittent measurement or digital display using a computer specifically programmed
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C60/00—Computational materials science, i.e. ICT specially adapted for investigating the physical or chemical properties of materials or phenomena associated with their design, synthesis, processing, characterisation or utilisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U2101/00—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications
- B64U2101/35—UAVs specially adapted for particular uses or applications for science, e.g. meteorology
Definitions
- TITLE Method for calculating a flow of at least a first gas emitted by a source into the atmosphere, using a second tracer gas, associated process, system and necessary
- the present invention relates to a method for calculating a flow of at least a first gas emitted by a source into the atmosphere, implemented by a calculation system, comprising the following steps:
- the first gas is notably a greenhouse gas emitted by the source during a chemical reaction.
- the chemical reaction is, for example, a combustion reaction of a flow of methane producing in particular carbon dioxide.
- the first gas whose flow is calculated is, for example, residual methane that has not undergone combustion.
- greenhouse gases are emitted during the exploitation, transport, refining and deposition of hydrocarbons. These emissions are monitored by the operators and are regularly subject to reduction measures.
- emissions are very difficult to measure, because they are often not channeled, and potentially near ponds or lakes or in inaccessible places, for example at height or in the middle of a unit.
- a major difficulty in assessing emissions from a point source within an installation is often the difficulty, or even the impossibility, of getting as close as possible to the source to measure the flow of gas emitted by the source into the atmosphere. .
- the concentration of some gases emitted is low in the atmosphere, especially when it comes to combustion residues. It is therefore often difficult to measure sufficiently precisely, and then to quantify the flow of gas emitted, given the measurement inaccuracies.
- monitoring the quantity of gases emitted by the source at a low concentration is often useful, in particular to meet regulatory obligations, for safety reasons and / and to optimize the operation of the installation.
- An aim of the invention is therefore to have a method making it possible to calculate the flow of at least a first gas emitted by a source, in particular when the first gas has a reduced concentration in the atmosphere, the method being simple to use. implement, while being precise.
- the invention relates to a method of the aforementioned type, characterized by the following steps:
- the method according to the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination:
- the correlation coefficient is a constant representative of a ratio between the first gas contents along the trajectory and the second gas contents along the trajectory;
- the calculation of the correlation coefficient comprises the integration of the first representative data along at least part of the trajectory to obtain a first integrated aggregate grade, the integration of the second representative data along at least a second part of the trajectory to obtain a second integrated aggregate grade, the correlation coefficient being calculated from the first integrated grade and the second integrated aggregate grade ;
- the trajectory comprises a plurality of parallel lines
- the calculation of the flow of the first gas emitted by the source is also carried out on the basis of the ratio between the molar mass of the first gas and the molar mass of the second gas;
- the emissions of the first gas and of the second gas from the source result from a chemical reaction, in particular from combustion, the measured or calculated flow of the second gas being calculated by a material balance of the chemical reaction, in particular by a combustion balance;
- the second gas is produced by the chemical reaction, a third gas being produced jointly with the second gas by the chemical reaction, the method comprising obtaining third data representative of third gas contents, the measured or calculated flow of the second gas being calculated taking into account the third representative data;
- the second gas is carbon dioxide
- the first gas is methane, benzene, or / and a volatile organic compound
- the subject of the invention is also a method for measuring emissions from a source into the atmosphere, comprising the following steps:
- the method according to the invention may include one or more of the following characteristics, taken alone or in any technically possible combination:
- It includes a preliminary step of determining a wind direction and / or a configuration of an emission plume downstream from the source, the flight of the drone being carried out according to the predetermined plume configuration.
- the subject of the invention is also a system for calculating a flow of at least a first gas emitted by a source into the atmosphere, comprising:
- a module for obtaining data suitable for obtaining first data representative of the contents of a first gas, measured in the atmosphere away from the source, following a trajectory
- the system being characterized in that the module d 'obtaining data is suitable for obtaining second data representative of the contents of a second tracer gas emitted by the source together with the first gas, the second representative data being measured in the atmosphere away from the source, following the trajectory
- the system comprising:
- - a module for calculating a flow of the first gas emitted by the source, on the basis of the measured or calculated flow of the second gas emitted by the source and the correlation coefficient.
- the subject of the invention is also a kit for measuring emissions from a source into the atmosphere, comprising:
- a drone able to fly in the atmosphere away from the source following a trajectory; the drone being able to measure along the trajectory, first data representative of contents of at least one first gas emitted by the source and second data representative of contents of at least one second tracer gas emitted by the source together with the first gas ; a calculation system as defined above, suitable for receiving the first and second representative data measured by the drone.
- Figure 1 is a schematic view of a first emission measurement kit according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a view of a gas source within an installation, and of the plume emitted by the gas source.
- Figure 3 is a detailed view of the plume resulting from emission from the source under established wind conditions
- FIG. 4 is a view of the flight plan implemented by the drone of the kit of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a view of the measurements of the contents of at least a first gas, carried out on a horizontal line during the implementation of the flight plan of FIG. 4;
- FIG. 6 is a view of the measurements of the contents of at least one second tracer gas, carried out on a horizontal line during the implementation of the flight plan of FIG. 4;
- Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 3, in the case of emission in low wind conditions.
- a kit 10 for measuring emissions of at least a first gas emitted from a source into the atmosphere, using a second tracer gas is schematically illustrated in FIG. 1.
- the kit 10 is intended to carry out a measurement method. emissions from an industrial installation 12, shown schematically in Figure 2.
- the installation 12 comprises at least one source 14 emitting the first gas, the content of which is measured and emitting the second tracer gas.
- the first gas is preferably a gas having lower emissions than the second tracer gas.
- the first gas and the second gas are for example emitted jointly by the source 14, as resulting from a chemical reaction, in particular from a combustion reaction.
- the second gas is a product of a chemical reaction using the first gas as a reactant.
- the first gas is then a residual reactant which has not reacted during the implementation of the chemical reaction producing the second gas.
- the source 14 is a torch implementing a combustion of a flow of methane, which constitutes the first gas.
- the second tracer gas is carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of methane within the torch.
- gases are measurable, such as aromatic gases, in particular benzene or even 1,3 butadiene, carbon monoxide, ethane and more generally Volatile Organic Compounds.
- the industrial installation 12 is in particular an oil installation, in particular an installation for the exploitation, transport, refining, treatment or deposit of hydrocarbons located at sea or on land.
- the source 14 emits gases in a plume 16 which emerges from the source 14 and which propagates under the effect of the wind V.
- the plume 16 is driven by the wind V circulating in the atmosphere in the vicinity of the source 14. It advantageously has a zone 18 of elevation of the plume 16 which is substantially vertical and a zone 20 of propagation of the plume, which in this example is substantially horizontal. .
- the average first gas content in plume 16 is lower than the average second gas content in plume 16, for example by at least a factor of 10, or even at least a factor of 100.
- the measurement kit 10 comprises a drone 22 for collecting data representative of the contents of the first gas and of the second gas, at a plurality of positions in the atmosphere, away from the source 14, following a given trajectory 23, an example of which is given in FIG. 4.
- the kit 10 further comprises a calculation system 24, suitable for implementing a method for calculating a flow of the first gas emitted by the source 14 into the atmosphere, from data representative of the contents of the first gas and in second gas in the atmosphere, measured by the drone 22 along the trajectory 23.
- the drone 22 is suitable for carrying out the measurements necessary for collecting data representative of the contents of the first gas and of the second gas present in the plume 16, away from the source 14. It comprises a frame 30, a propulsion assembly. 32, suitable for allowing the take-off of the frame 30 above and away from the ground and its displacement in flight in the atmosphere above the ground.
- the drone 22 further comprises a measurement assembly 34, an assembly 36 for controlling the measurement assembly 34 and preferably a remote transmission system 38.
- the propulsion unit 32 comprises a plurality of propulsion members 32A, which here are propellers driven in rotation by a motor.
- the propulsion assembly 32 further comprises a power source 32B formed here by a battery and a system 33 for locating and controlling the movement of the drone 22 in the atmosphere.
- the drone 22 is a multi-rotor rotary-wing drone. It has no wings, its lift being provided by the power package 32.
- the drone 22 is for example a rotary wing quadricopter drone, in particular a DJI M200 drone marketed by the DJI company.
- the propulsion assembly 32 includes a plurality of propellers rotating about substantially vertical axes.
- substantially vertical is generally meant that the axes of rotation of the propellers are inclined by less than 30 ° relative to the vertical.
- the propeller motors When the propeller motors are electrically powered by the battery, the propellers are rotated around their axis, causing a downward flow of air.
- the location and control system 33 comprises a position sensor, in particular a GPS and / or an inertial unit. It further comprises a control unit, suitable for controlling the movement of the drone 22 along the trajectory 23, pre-recorded before the flight and loaded into the system 33, or in a remote and manual manner via a remote remote control.
- the drone 22 is thus able to automatically follow the predefined trajectory 23, or alternatively, to be piloted manually by an operator, in order to achieve the predefined trajectory 23 established in a flight plan.
- the drone 22 is suitable for carrying out a trajectory 23 following a movement in a creeping scale, as illustrated in FIG. 4.
- the drone 22 moves along a plurality of lines 50 parallel to a first direction D1, with a connection segment 52 between each pair of adjacent parallel lines 50.
- the connection segment 52 takes place in a second direction D2 transverse to the first direction D1.
- first direction D1 is a horizontal direction and the second direction D2 is a vertical direction.
- all the parallel lines 50 scanned by the drone 22 extend substantially in the same vertical measurement plane Pm.
- the extent E1 of the lines 50 following the first direction D1 is chosen according to the width of the plume 16, to sweep the entire plume 16. This extent E1 is generally greater than 20 m and is between 20 m and 500 m.
- the distance between the lines 50 is defined by an extent E2 of the connection segments 52 along the second direction.
- This extent E2 is for example greater than 1 m and in particular between 1 m and 50 m.
- the measuring assembly 34 includes sensors suitable for carrying out measurements of data representative of the contents of the first gas and of the second gas present in the atmosphere, at a plurality of points along each line 50.
- data representative of the first gas and second gas contents are collected by the measuring unit 34 along each line 50.
- the measurements are carried out continuously along line 50.
- the frequency of measurement of data representative of each gas content is for example greater than 1 Hz and is in particular between 1 Hz and 100 Hz.
- the control system 33 comprises a data collection unit which comprises at least one memory capable of storing the data representative of each content of each gas, associated with the geographical position along each line 50.
- the data collection unit is connected to the remote transmission system 38 to allow the export of data to the computing system 24, during the flight of the drone or after the flight of the drone.
- the computing system 24 is located here on the ground. It comprises at least one computer 60 and a man-machine interface comprising a control member 62 such as a keyboard, a mouse and / or a touch screen, the man-machine interface also comprising a display 64, in particular a screen.
- a control member 62 such as a keyboard, a mouse and / or a touch screen
- the man-machine interface also comprising a display 64, in particular a screen.
- the computer 60 comprises in a known manner at least one processor 66 and a memory 68 comprising software modules suitable for being executed by the processor 66 in order to perform functions.
- the computer 60 comprises programmable logic components or dedicated integrated circuits, intended to perform the functions of the modules which will be described below.
- the memory 68 contains a module 70 for obtaining and initial processing of first data representative of contents T 1 of first gas and of second data representative of contents T2 of second gas, along each line 50 of the trajectory 23.
- the memory 68 also contains a module 72 for calculating a correlation coefficient C between the contents T1 in the first gas and the contents T2 in the second gas, from the first representative data and the second representative data.
- the memory 68 also contains a module 74 for obtaining a measured or calculated flow Q2 of second gas emitted by the source 14 and a module 76 for calculating a flow Q1 of first gas emitted by the source, on the basis of the measured or calculated flux Q2 obtained by the obtaining module 74 and the correlation coefficient C.
- the obtaining and processing module 70 is suitable for receiving the first data representative of contents T1 of the first gas and the second data. representative of T2 second gas contents, along each line 50, as measured by the drone 22 at each measurement point, associated with the geographic position X of the measurement point along line 50, each line 50 constituting a part of the path 23.
- a curve 71 of first gas contents T1 as a function of a first X coordinate along line 50 in direction D1 is thus obtained, as illustrated in FIG. 5.
- a curve 75 of second gas contents T2 as a function of a first X coordinate along line 50 in direction D1 is thus obtained, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
- the obtaining and processing module 70 is also able to optionally filter the contents obtained.
- the obtaining and processing module 70 is suitable for detecting peaks 71 A, 75A of content on each curve 71, 75 on the basis of a predetermined threshold S of occurrence of a peak, then in removing the peaks 71 A, 75A observed from the curve obtained to obtain a curve of background values as a function of the first X coordinate.
- the obtaining and processing module 70 is suitable for implementing an iterative algorithm in which the average value of the contents along line 50 is calculated, then in which all the contents are located above the mean value are deleted from the curve 71, 75 then in repeating the steps of calculating the mean value and of subtracting the contents lying above the mean value until a convergence criterion is reached.
- the convergence criterion is for example that the difference between the successive average values between two iterations is less than a predetermined value, for example less than 10%.
- a continuous background is determined and is subtracted from the curve 71, 75 representing the contents T as a function of the position X on each line 50.
- TGI 2 T2 ⁇ X) dX
- the background value curve is subtracted from the content curve 70, before integration.
- integrated overall contents TGI1 (Z), TGI2 (Z) corresponding to each gas are obtained.
- the calculation module 72 is also able to calculate, for each line 50 in which a measurement has taken place, corresponding to a Z coordinate along the second direction D2, the ratio R (Z) of the overall integrated content TGI1 (Z) in first gas on the integrated global content TGI2 (Z) in second gas.
- the calculation module 72 is also able to calculate the correlation coefficient C as being equal to the average, preferably arithmetic, of the ratios of contents R (Z) obtained on each line 50 defining part of the trajectory 23.
- the coefficient of correlation C thus corresponds to the average ratio of the contents of the first gas to the contents of second gas on each of the parts of the path 23.
- the module 74 for obtaining a measured or calculated flow of the second gas emitted by the source is suitable for obtaining or calculating a flow Q2 of second gas emitted by the source. 14 either from a measurement of the flow of second gas at the level of the source 14, or preferably, from a calculation of the emission of the second gas by the source, when the source 14 emits the second gas during 'a chemical reaction.
- the calculation is preferably carried out by material balance, on the basis of the streams of reagents supplied to carry out the chemical reaction, assuming a predetermined yield of the chemical reaction.
- the chemical reaction is combustion.
- the second gas is then carbon dioxide emitted by the source during combustion.
- a combustion balance is then carried out according to the feed flows in the installation 12 to carry out the combustion, taking into account a predefined combustion efficiency.
- the combustion balance is achieved by neglecting the emissions of other gases produced by the reaction than the second gas, in particular the carbon monoxide emissions in the case where the second gas is carbon dioxide.
- the material balance calculation is performed directly by the obtaining module 74, or is loaded from an external calculation system 77.
- the material balance in particular the combustion balance, is carried out using a spreadsheet from a computer spreadsheet, on the basis of the molar composition and the flows (volume or mass) of reagents introduced into the reactor allow the reaction to be carried out.
- a mass flow Q2 of the second measured or calculated gas is thus obtained using the obtaining module 74.
- the module 76 for calculating the flow of first gas emitted Q1 by the source is able to calculate the mass flow Q1 of the first gas emitted by the source, as a function of the mass flow Q2 measured or calculated by the module for obtaining 74, from the report from the molar mass M1 of the first gas to the molar mass M2 of the second gas, and from the correlation coefficient C determined by the calculation module 72, from the measurements of the contents of the first gas and of the second gas carried out by the drone 22.
- the flow of the first gas emitted by the source Q1 is obtained by the following equation:
- the drone 22 moves along a plurality of lines 50 parallel to a first direction D1, constituting parts of the path 23, with a connection segment 52 between each pair of adjacent parallel lines 50, the connection segment 52 taking place in a second direction D2 transverse to the first direction D1.
- the first data representative of T1 contents in the first gas and the second data representative of T2 contents in the second gas are collected by the measuring unit 34 along each line 50.
- the measurements are carried out continuously along line 50.
- the memory of the data collection unit stores data representative of each content T1, T2 in each gas, associated with the geographic position X along each line 50.
- the remote transmission system 38 exports data to the computing system 24 on the ground.
- the obtaining and processing module 70 receives the first data representative of first gas contents T1 and the second data representative of T2 second gas contents, along each line 50, as measured by the drone 22 at each point of measurement, associated with the geographic position X of the measurement point along the line 50, each line 50 constituting a part of the trajectory 23.
- the obtaining and processing module 70 optionally filters the contents obtained for example according to the first method or the second method described above.
- the integration module 72 integrates each curve 71, 75 representing the contents of each gas along each line 50, along the first direction D1, over the entire width of the line 50 to obtain an integrated overall content TG11, TGI2 on each line 50, by the following equations: Xmax
- TGI 1 Tl (X) dX
- TGI 2 T2 (X) dX
- X min and X max are the geographic coordinates characterizing the boundaries of the plumes defined along the E1 extent of the plume parallel to the first direction D1.
- the integral of the curve of the background values is also calculated and is subtracted from the previous integral.
- the curve of background values is subtracted from the curve
- the calculation module 72 calculates, for each line 50 in which a measurement has taken place, corresponding to a Z coordinate along the second direction D2, the ratio R (Z) of the overall integrated content TGI1 (Z) in the first gas on the overall integrated content TGI2 (Z) of second gas.
- the calculation module 72 then calculates the correlation coefficient C as being equal to the average, preferably arithmetic, of the ratios of contents R (Z) obtained on each line 50 defining part of the trajectory 23.
- the module 74 for obtaining a measured or calculated flow of the second gas emitted by the source then obtains or calculates a flow Q2 of second gas emitted by the source 14 either at from a measurement of the flow of the second gas at the level of the source 14, or preferably from a calculation of the emission of the second gas by the source, when the source 14 emits the second gas during a chemical reaction , as described above.
- the calculation module 76 of the flow of first gas emitted Q1 by the source calculates the mass flow Q1 of the first gas emitted by the source, as a function of the mass flow Q2 measured or calculated by the obtaining module 74, from the ratio of the molar mass M1 of the first gas to the molar mass M2 of the second gas, and of the correlation coefficient C determined by the calculation module 72, from the measurements of the contents of the first gas and of the second gas carried out by the drone 22.
- the flow of the first gas emitted by the source Q1 is obtained by the following equation:
- this calculation is optionally repeated for a plurality of flights of the drone 22, each corresponding to a separate measurement campaign carried out during the emission of the source 14, then the flow of first gas Q1 emitted by the source 14 is averaged over all the flights performed.
- the measurement method according to the invention is therefore particularly simple to implement, since it requires a simple campaign of measurements using a drone 22 flying directly in the plume 16, away from the source 14. .
- the above table illustrates the methane contents emitted by a source 14 constituted by a torch in an oil installation.
- the total flow of flare gas and the flow of methane make it possible to calculate the flow Q2 of carbon dioxide by carrying out a combustion balance.
- the method according to the invention is used to measure a correlation coefficient C between methane and carbon dioxide, which is used to determine the flow Q1 of methane emitted from the flow Q2 of carbon dioxide calculated by material balance. This makes it possible to determine, from an average flow rate of flared methane of 0.23 tonnes / hour, a quantity of residual methane equal to 0.7 g / h and therefore an efficiency of 99% from the point of view of destruction. methane.
- the method according to the invention is suitable for being implemented in the vicinity of various industrial installations 12, even if these installations are inaccessible or / and require safety precautions.
- the measurements can be carried out inexpensively and frequently, which makes it possible in particular to monitor the evolution of the emissions generated by the source 14, and to ensure that they are under control or that they are reduced.
- the plume 16 has a vertical configuration and the measurement plane Pm is a horizontal plane.
- the first direction D1 is then a horizontal direction, and the second direction D2 is a horizontal direction perpendicular to the first direction D1.
- the measurement method including the measurement method, remains similar to those described above.
- the measurement method according to the invention comprises an initial step of determining the conformation characteristics of the plume 16, for example by measuring the wind rose applying to the source 14 at the time of the measurement campaign.
- the carbon monoxide contents are measured in the plume 16, by the drone 22.
- a correlation coefficient C (i) is calculated for each part of trajectory 23, for example for each line 50. Then, a flow Q1 (i) of first emitted gas corresponding to each part of trajectory 23, in particular at each line 50 is obtained by the following equation:
- the flow Q1 of the first gas emitted by the source is stable over time, it is then possible to average, in particular by an arithmetic mean, the flows Q1 (i) of the first gas emitted corresponding to each part of trajectory 23, in particular to each line 50, to obtain an average Q1 flow.
- the flow Q1 of the first gas changes over time, it is possible to follow the change in the flow Q1 over time by following the different flows Q1 (i) obtained over time for successive parts of trajectory 23 or for successive flights.
- the trajectory followed by the drone 22 is different from the trajectory shown.
- the path comprises a plurality of curvilinear and non-rectilinear (for example in an arc of a circle) lines parallel to each other connected by connection segments.
- the trajectory followed by the drone 22 comprises, for example, a snail trajectory, or even a zigzag trajectory making it possible to cut the plume in different sections which may or may not be perpendicular to its main direction.
- the method according to the invention is particularly effective for determining the residual methane flow present in the plume 16 from a source 14 consisting of a torch, in which the combustion of a methane flow is carried out.
- a source 14 consisting of a torch
- the combustion of a methane flow is carried out.
- the second gas is carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of methane in the torch
- the flow of which in the plume 16 is preferably calculated by a combustion balance established on the basis of the flow of methane supplied to the flare. torch.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2005345A FR3110701B1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2020-05-20 | Méthode de calcul d’un flux d’au moins un premier gaz émis par une source dans l’atmosphère, utilisant un deuxième gaz traceur, procédé, système et nécessaire associés |
| PCT/EP2021/063325 WO2021234017A1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2021-05-19 | Méthode de calcul d'un flux d'au moins un premier gaz émis par une source dans l'atmosphère, utilisant un deuxième gaz traceur, procédé, système et nécessaire associés |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4153990A1 true EP4153990A1 (fr) | 2023-03-29 |
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ID=72470492
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21727828.2A Pending EP4153990A1 (fr) | 2020-05-20 | 2021-05-19 | Méthode de calcul d'un flux d'au moins un premier gaz émis par une source dans l'atmosphère, utilisant un deuxième gaz traceur, procédé, système et nécessaire associés |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230207070A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4153990A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3110701B1 (fr) |
| IL (1) | IL298361A (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021234017A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12044666B2 (en) | 2018-07-30 | 2024-07-23 | Seekops Inc. | Ultra-lightweight, handheld gas leak detection device |
| WO2020206006A1 (fr) | 2019-04-05 | 2020-10-08 | Seekops Inc. | Traitement de signal analogique pour capteur laser léger et compact de gaz à l'état de trace |
| US12055485B2 (en) | 2020-02-05 | 2024-08-06 | Seekops Inc. | Multispecies measurement platform using absorption spectroscopy for measurement of co-emitted trace gases |
| US11748866B2 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2023-09-05 | Seekops Inc. | Systems and methods of automated detection of gas plumes using optical imaging |
| FI20226191A1 (en) * | 2022-12-30 | 2024-07-01 | Aeromon Oy | Procedure and system for measuring emission level in airborne emissions |
| US12306159B2 (en) * | 2023-10-02 | 2025-05-20 | Colin Irvin WONG | Methods for measuring fugitive emission rates |
| FR3160243A1 (fr) | 2024-03-15 | 2025-09-19 | Totalenergies Onetech | Procédé de mesure de données représentatives de teneurs en au moins un gaz présent au sol, drone et nécessaire de mesure associés |
| FR3162280A1 (fr) | 2024-05-15 | 2025-11-21 | Totalenergies Onetech | Système de détermination d’une composition d’un gaz industriel circulant dans une installation, installation et procédé de mesure associés |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2872783A1 (fr) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-01 | David Andrew Risk | Dispositif de detection d'emission de gaz, systeme et methode |
| US10065739B2 (en) * | 2015-06-22 | 2018-09-04 | Elwha Llc | Systems and methods for drone tracking of airborne materials |
| US12066353B2 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2024-08-20 | Bridger Photonics, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for gas flux measurements |
| WO2019246280A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-26 | Seekops Inc. | Algorithmes et procédés de modèle d'estimation d'émissions |
-
2020
- 2020-05-20 FR FR2005345A patent/FR3110701B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-05-19 US US17/926,920 patent/US20230207070A1/en active Pending
- 2021-05-19 EP EP21727828.2A patent/EP4153990A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-05-19 IL IL298361A patent/IL298361A/en unknown
- 2021-05-19 WO PCT/EP2021/063325 patent/WO2021234017A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021234017A1 (fr) | 2021-11-25 |
| IL298361A (en) | 2023-01-01 |
| US20230207070A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
| FR3110701A1 (fr) | 2021-11-26 |
| FR3110701B1 (fr) | 2023-08-25 |
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