EP4144519A1 - Ouvreur automatique de passage pour l'ouverture de caisses en plastique pliables et retournées - Google Patents

Ouvreur automatique de passage pour l'ouverture de caisses en plastique pliables et retournées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4144519A1
EP4144519A1 EP22189938.8A EP22189938A EP4144519A1 EP 4144519 A1 EP4144519 A1 EP 4144519A1 EP 22189938 A EP22189938 A EP 22189938A EP 4144519 A1 EP4144519 A1 EP 4144519A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
working space
opener
crate
transverse
sidewalls
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP22189938.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Svoboda
Jaroslav Novak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Media Cz SRO
Original Assignee
Media Cz SRO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CZ2021-385A external-priority patent/CZ309637B6/cs
Application filed by Media Cz SRO filed Critical Media Cz SRO
Publication of EP4144519A1 publication Critical patent/EP4144519A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B43/00—Forming, feeding, opening or setting-up containers or receptacles in association with packaging
    • B65B43/26—Opening or distending bags; Opening, erecting, or setting-up boxes, cartons, or carton blanks
    • B65B43/265—Opening, erecting or setting-up boxes, cartons or carton blanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
    • B31B50/74—Auxiliary operations
    • B31B50/76—Opening and distending flattened articles
    • B31B50/78—Mechanically
    • B31B50/784—Mechanically for setting up boxes having their opening facing upwardly
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2110/00—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B31B2110/30—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers having a polygonal cross section
    • B31B2110/35—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers having a polygonal cross section rectangular, e.g. square
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
    • B31B2120/00—Construction of rigid or semi-rigid containers
    • B31B2120/30—Construction of rigid or semi-rigid containers collapsible; temporarily collapsed during manufacturing
    • B31B2120/302—Construction of rigid or semi-rigid containers collapsible; temporarily collapsed during manufacturing collapsible into a flat condition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B2220/00—Specific aspects of the packaging operation
    • B65B2220/04—Means for, or method of collapsing containers with walls hinged together or detachably connected
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D11/00—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material
    • B65D11/18—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material collapsible, i.e. with walls hinged together or detachably connected
    • B65D11/1833—Containers having bodies formed by interconnecting or uniting two or more rigid, or substantially rigid, components made wholly or mainly of plastics material collapsible, i.e. with walls hinged together or detachably connected whereby all side walls are hingedly connected to the base panel

Definitions

  • Collapsible plastic crates are widely used in food processing and in the industry where they are used for transportation, stocking up or out.
  • the open crate to be filled with goods has a pair of longitudinal sidewalls and a pair of transverse sidewalls assembled and interlocked.
  • the crates are most often used to transport vegetables, fruits or meat, but they can also be used, for example, in the automotive industry to transport components.
  • the crates are reusable and collapsible, so if the crate is empty, it folds into a flat object, usually up to 5 cm high, when the transverse and longitudinal sidewalls are folded from a vertical position to a horizontal position and lie on the inside of the bottom of the crate.
  • a stacking edge is usually made on the underside of the bottom of the crate.
  • the crates thus folded are stacked on pallets and transported for further use.
  • Food crates must be washed before each subsequent use, which is most often done in industrial crate washers.
  • each folded crate must be opened.
  • Many methods are currently used to open crates, starting with manual opening. Its speed is severely limited by the staffs experience and ranges from 500 to 2,000 crates per hour. Due to the speed of washing with an industrial crate washer, which is about 1,000 to 3,500 crates per hour, it is necessary to deploy a certain number of workers, which is reflected in the price of washing one crate.
  • opening crates Another option for opening crates is automation.
  • the standard way of opening the crates is by the oscillating movement of the openers, where the crate moves into the opener bottom side down, and its folded sidewalls are gradually grasped by opening swingers according to the method and order of folding, opened upwards and secured in locks.
  • the grasping of the sidewall is realized by clamping from the outer and inner sides of the sidewall itself.
  • the sidewalls are often tilted into a position more open than perpendicular to the base of the crate to ensure that the sidewalls are fully open.
  • Such an opener is disclosed, for example, in the Czech patent application PV 2020-701 .
  • Tanzer which discloses their opener in a document ITBZ20090033A1, Numafa Cleaning & Automation BV (https://www.numafa.com/handling/crate-openers-closers ) or Brüel Systems.
  • An automatic pass-through opener has been created for opening folded plastic crates.
  • the crates in their open position are used for the distribution of goods and their subsequent display for sale in the sales area of markets, so it is necessary to reopen the crates for their perfect washing.
  • the crate is in the automatic pass-through opener in a position where it is turned upside down.
  • the opener uses gravity and gradually applies individual systems, where the parts of the opener gradually open the respective sidewalls of the crate, and after tilting them from the bottom of the crate, the transverse sidewalls are locked to the longitudinal sidewalls, thus opening the storage space of the crate to be washed.
  • the working space of the opener is delimited by two levels, which form two imaginary cuboids, where the upper level is defined by a folded crate without its stacking edge and the lower level corresponds to an open crate without this upper level.
  • the upper level is delimited by the collapsed crate, specifically the base of the crate with folded sidewalls, which is formed by the bottom of the crate and its raised edge, in which the sidewalls are anchored in hinges. When lowered, the sidewalls fit in the level of the raised edge and do not go beyond the edges of the base.
  • the open crate has the shape of a cuboid without a top; therefore, the projection of the crate forms a rectangle.
  • the lower level of the working space corresponds to an open crate without this upper level, i.e. the walls of the level are defined by open sidewalls of the crate without their anchoring in the raised edge of the base, i.e. without their hinges.
  • the dimensions of the working space correspond to the dimensions of the crates, i.e.
  • the length of the transverse side of the working space corresponds to the width of the crate or its transverse side, while the length of the longitudinal side of the working space corresponds to the length of the crate or its longitudinal side; wherein the height of the upper level of the working space corresponds to the height of the folded crate without a stacking edge and the height of the lower level corresponds to the height of the open crate minus the height of the folded crate.
  • the entire opening system works in this working space. Stability and static position of the crate in the working space is ensured by delimiting the working space preferably by means of a crate stop in the transverse side of the working space which stops the crate at its front on the transverse side of the crate and jaws of a vice that hold the crate on the longitudinal sides of the base in the working space of the upper level and subsequently by delimiting the lower level of the working space for the longitudinal and transverse sidewalls by means of vertical stops of the transverse and longitudinal sidewalls situated on the walls of the working space, as a result of which the sidewalls do not deflect and tilt amore than at a right angle, which the sidewalls must form with the bottom of the crate for the desired engagement of the lock.
  • the securing and interlocking of the transverse and longitudinal sidewalls is realized by means of a set border position of the sidewalls, wherein the longitudinal sidewalls rest on vertical stops and form right angle with the bottom of the crate; the transverse sidewalls are also deflected to a right angle with respect to the bottom of the crate by means of the contact surface of the rocker arm, and thus they rest on the vertical stops and this movement automatically clicks the lock shut and the sidewalls interlock.
  • the crates are transported to the working space of the opener on spreadable skids, preferably they enter on a conveyor; accurate stopping of the crate in the working space is preferably ensured by a stop of the crate located at the front of the working space, i.e. on its transverse side. As soon as the crate is stopped in the working space, the longitudinal sides of the base of the folded crate are clamped with a vice, then the skids move apart, thus freeing up the space under the longitudinal sidewalls, which start to open spontaneously.
  • the transverse sidewalls of the crate open by means of pins which extend from top to bottom, vertically or obliquely, through a perforation in the bottom of the crate at least through the upper level of the working space.
  • the vertical stops of the transverse and longitudinal sidewalls extend, at least one vertical sidewall stop resting externally on each of the four lateral walls of the lower level of the working space.
  • the last step in the opener is to secure and lock the transverse sidewalls of the crate in its longitudinal sidewalls by means of stopping rockers, each rocker being provided with an arm with a contact surface and the arm tilting into the working space, wherein its movement ends in the working position, when the contact surface of the rocker arm is tilted to a vertical position and is parallel to the vertical stops of the transverse sidewalls.
  • the contact surface of the rocker arm is offset from vertical stops by the thickness of the transverse sidewall of the crate.
  • the transverse sidewall rests on the vertical sidewall stop and the contact surface of the arm rests on it from the inside, wherein it is perfectly clamped exactly at a right angle with respect to the bottom of the crate and the sidewall lock thus fits together precisely.
  • This mounting during the stop for locking the sidewalls is clearly visible from drawing no. 15.
  • the opener defines a working space on the front of which a stop of the crate incoming to the working space is fitted on the transverse side, preferably arranged as a flat bar.
  • the vice of the opener comprises at least two movable opposing jaws arranged against each other longitudinally with the upper level of the working space, wherein the jaws are extendable to the longitudinal side of the upper level or up to the upper level of the working space, thereby clamping the crate at the outer edge or in its openings.
  • the distance between the clamping surfaces of the opposite vice jaws in the clamping position is less than or equal to the length of the transverse side of the working space and in the rest position the distance between the clamping surfaces of the movable vice jaws is greater than the length of the transverse side of the working space. This ensures firm gripping of the crate at the sides and allows the longitudinal sides to tilt freely downwards from the bottom of the crate. After the crate opens and the sides lock together, the vice jaws are released to rest, and the crate is removed from the working space of the opener.
  • the opener is provided with at least one longitudinal sidewall tipper, which is situated in the transverse sides of the working space, rests on the inner wall of the working space, i.e. its transverse edge and extends vertically and parallel to the working space wall at least from top to bottom, vertically or obliquely, through the upper level of the working space, thereby compressing the edge of the longitudinal sidewall which, when viewed from above, extends beyond the bottom of the crate.
  • the opener is equipped with only one longitudinal sidewall tipper. In that case, the tipper passes through the centre of the transverse side of the working space to tilt both longitudinal sidewalls simultaneously by its vertical movement.
  • the opener is provided with two tippers, each passing vertically through one of the halves of the transverse side of the working space.
  • the tipper is preferably formed by two bevelled plates anchored on a common bar and, by their vertical insertion into the working space they push into the edges of the longitudinal sidewalls, which move from a horizontal to a vertical position under this movement.
  • the opener preferably comprises tippers on both transverse sides of the working space.
  • two tippers, i.e. one tipper for each longitudinal sidewall which is advantageous for openers with a fixed size of the transverse and longitudinal sides of the working space, which open crates of only one dimension of the base and possible different heights of the sidewalls.
  • any longitudinal sidewall tippers which have variable sizes of the transverse and longitudinal sides of the working space, can be preferably retracted to open crates of different dimensions of the crate base and again also possible different sidewall heights.
  • the opener is provided with six tippers, i.e. two tippers are common for both large and small crates, two tippers are intended only for small crates and two tippers only for large crates. Six pieces and not eight precisely because the working space has one common corner for all sizes of crates.
  • a diagram of the individual tippers and their layout is shown in Fig. 23 .
  • the opener is provided with at least two pins for opening the transverse sidewalls, wherein the pins are movable in the vertical direction ⁇ 20° and at least pass through the upper level of the working space through perforation in the bottom of the crate.
  • the opener has two pins for each transverse sidewall of the crate.
  • the transverse sidewalls are closer to the bottom of the crate than the longitudinal sidewalls, so by opening the transverse sidewalls, the longitudinal sidewalls also open.
  • the passage of the pins through the bottom of the crate ensures that the transverse sidewall is detached and tilted from the bottom of the crate.
  • the pins are preferably in the shape of a pin, a cylinder or a cuboid.
  • the opener is provided with a total of six pins for opening the transverse sidewalls. Again, two pins are used to open the transverse sidewall of both small and large crates, two pins are used to open the transverse sidewalls of a small crate, and the farthest pins from the common pins for small and large crates open the transverse sidewalls of a large crate.
  • the opener is provided with at least four vertical stops of the transverse and longitudinal sidewalls, wherein at least one vertical sidewall stop rests on the outside of the lower level of the working space on each of the four lateral walls.
  • the vertical stops delimit the boundary positions for the sidewalls of the crate at a right angle to the bottom of the crate.
  • the vertical stop on the transverse side of the working space below the stop of the crate at the front of the upper level is preferably retractable from the working position, which is advantageous for openers with a fixed size of the transverse and longitudinal sides of the working space which open only one dimension of the crate base with possible different heights of sidewalls.
  • any or all of the vertical stops for the openers which have variable sizes of the transverse and longitudinal sides of the working space, can be extended to open crates of different dimensions of the crate base and again also of possible different heights of sidewalls.
  • the opener is provided with vertical stops of the transverse and longitudinal sidewalls, consisting of two parts, i.e. four vertical stops of the longitudinal sidewalls and four vertical stops of the transverse sidewalls.
  • the system is set for one size of the working space, i.e. to a fixed length of the transverse and longitudinal sides of the working space, as shown in Figures 21 and 22 .
  • the opener is provided with seven vertical longitudinal sidewall stops and seven vertical transverse sidewall stops, seven pieces precisely because the working space has one common corner for all sizes of crates, i.e. one vertical longitudinal sidewall stop and one vertical transverse sidewall stop serve both large and small crates.
  • the diagram of individual stops is shown in Fig. 23 .
  • the working space of the opener is adjustable to variable sizes of the transverse and longitudinal sides of the working space, preferably to the two most common dimensions of the crates, namely small crate of 30 ⁇ 40 cm and large crate of 40 x 60 cm.
  • the working space has one common corner, and thus two adjacent walls at this corner for all sizes of crates. Adjustment to smaller and larger crates is solved by multiplying individual components. In the working space with a sliding mechanism that moves one longitudinal side of the working space and one transverse side of the working space.
  • the opener is provided with at least two stop rockers for securing and locking the transverse sidewalls of the crate in its longitudinal sidewalls.
  • the rocker is mounted below the level of the working space, wherein it contains a transversely mounted shaft fitted with an arm with a contact surface for the sidewall stop.
  • the arm of the rocker can tilt into the working space, and the end of the arm reaches maximally to the upper level of the working space.
  • the rocker arm is tilted to the working position, when the contact surface of the rocker is in a vertical position, when it is parallel to the transverse lateral wall of the working space. This ensures a right angle between the transverse sidewall and the bottom of the crate.
  • the contact surface of the arm in the vertical position is parallel to the vertical stops of the transverse sidewalls and at the same time, the contact surface of the arm in the vertical position is offset by the thickness of the transverse sidewall of the crate.
  • the position of the sidewall is precisely defined and, when it rests on the stop, it locks in the longitudinal sidewalls.
  • the opener is provided with four stop rockers situated at the ends of the transverse sides of the working space, which is advantageous for openers with a fixed size of the transverse and longitudinal sides of the working space, which open only one dimension of the crate base with possible different sidewall heights, as shown in Figure 21 . and 22 .
  • the opener is provided with seven stop rockers for securing and locking the transverse sidewalls, seven pieces precisely because the working space has one common corner for all sizes of crates, i.e. one stop rocker serves both large and small crates.
  • a diagram of the individual stop rockers situated in the working space is shown in Fig. 23 .
  • the opener is preferably provided with an output conveyor situated below the level of the working space, which serves to transport the open crate out of the opener.
  • the opener is preferably provided with an input conveyor for transporting the folded crate into the working space.
  • the opener preferably has two spreadable skids situated below the upper level of the working space, wherein in the rest position, they press from the outside to the bottom side of the upper level of the working space, and in the working position, they spread outside the working space.
  • the movement of the jaws of the vice and the vertical stops between the working and rest positions is preferably vertical, hydraulically or pneumatically driven.
  • the movement of tippers and pins between the working and rest positions is preferably horizontal, hydraulically or pneumatically driven.
  • the movement of the rocker arms is rotatable, preferably by fixing the arm on a rotating shaft.
  • An automatic pass-through opener for opening folded plastic crates turned upside down to create a storage space by securing their sidewalls, wherein the opener delimits a two-level working space, each level defined by a cuboid, the length of the transverse side of the working space corresponding to the width of the crate, the length of the longitudinal side of the working space corresponds to the length of the crate, the height of the upper level of the working space corresponds to the height of the folded crate without stacking edge and the height of the lower level corresponds to the height of the open crate to be opened minus the height of the folded crate, when the stop of the crate is situated at the front of the upper level of the working space, on its transverse side,
  • the opener has a vice with at least two movable jaws for longitudinal gripping of the crate, the movable jaws of the vice moving on the upper level of the working space, and the mutual distance of the opposite clamping surfaces of the movable jaws of the vice in the clamping position is less than or equal to the length of the transverse side of the working space, and in the rest position the distance of the clamping surfaces of the movable jaws of the vice is greater than the length of the transverse side of the working space;
  • the opener has at least one longitudinal sidewall tipper situated in the transverse sides of the working space, which abuts the inner wall of the working space and moves vertically and parallel to the wall of the working space at least through the upper level of the working space;
  • the opener has at least four vertical stops of transverse sidewalls and longitudinal sidewalls, wherein at least one vertical sidewall stop lies on the outside of each of the four lateral walls of the lower level of the working space;
  • the opener is provided with at least two pins for opening the transverse sidewalls, wherein the pins are movable in the vertical direction ⁇ 20° and at least pass through the upper level of the working space through perforation in the bottom of the crate;
  • the opener has at least two stop rockers for securing and locking the transverse sidewalls of the crate in its longitudinal sidewalls
  • the stop rocker which is placed below the working space level, comprises a transversely mounted shaft fitted with an arm with a contact surface, the arm being able to tilt into the working space, and the end of the arm reaches maximally to the upper level of the working space, wherein in the working position the arm of the stop rocker is tilted to a vertical position, and its contact surface is parallel to the transverse lateral wall of the working space, and at the same time, the contact surface of the arm in the vertical position is parallel to the vertical stops of the transverse sidewalls and at the same time, the contact surface of the arm in the vertical position is offset by the thickness of the transverse sidewall of the crate.
  • the opener preferably has eight vertical sidewall stops, wherein in each case, two vertical stops are situated on the outside of each of the four lateral walls of the lower level of the working space.
  • two vertical stops are connected in the corner of the adjacent lateral walls of the working space.
  • the opener preferably has four vertical sidewall stops, the width of which is greater than half the length of the sidewall.
  • the opener preferably has two spreadable skids situated below the upper level of the working space, wherein in the rest position, they press from the outside to the bottom side of the upper level of the working space, and in the working position, they spread outside the working space.
  • the opener preferably has an input conveyor situated at the height of the upper level of the working space and preferably is of a side belt type and performs the function of a vice.
  • the opener preferably has an output conveyor situated below the level of the working space.
  • Example 1 ideal solution, adjustable wall for different sizes of crates
  • the opener 1 of the folded crates 2 turned upside down is adjustable for different sizes and different types of crates 2 .
  • the opener 1 will be described for opening small crates 2 of 30 ⁇ 40 cm and large crates 2 of 40 ⁇ 60 cm.
  • the opener 1 has a common zero corner - the right front corner, which is common for both large and small crates 2 . From this zero corner, the front stop of the crate 2 leads transversely, thus defining the front of the working space 3 .
  • the opener 1 has a right static wall and a left adjusting movable wall, which is moved to the edge of the working space 3 according to the width of the crate 2 by means of a piston.
  • the adjusting wall has two positions, namely M and V.
  • M the adjusting wall is pushed onto the edge of the working space 3 of a small crate 2 , and thus a working space 3 with a transverse side 12 length of 30 cm is formed between the adjusting wall and the fixed wall.
  • V the adjusting wall is moved to the edge of the working space 3 of a large crate 2 , and thus a working space 3 with a transverse side 12 length of 40 cm is formed between the adjusting wall and the fixed wall.
  • An input sensor precedes the opener 1 , which evaluates the size of the crate 2 and sends information about the size of the crate 2 to the control module of the opener 1 .
  • the control module of the opener 1 sets the adjustable left wall to the required position, in this case to the position for small or large crates 2 .
  • the upper level 4 of the working space 3 has dimensions for large crates 2 : height 2.7 cm, length of the transverse side 12 40 cm, length of the longitudinal side 13 60 cm; for small crates 2 : height 2.7 cm, length of the transverse side 12 30 cm , length of the longitudinal side 13 40 cm.
  • the opener 1 is equipped with an input belt conveyor 23 leading to the opener 1 at the height of the upper level 4 of the working space 3 at an inclination of 20 °, wherein the input conveyor 23 adjoins the spreadable skids 22 situated below the upper level 4 of the working space 3 .
  • the spreadable skids 22 are two in the opener 1 , one on each longitudinal side 13 . They are made of steel plates with a thickness of 0.4 cm, a length of 70 cm and a free width of 6 cm.
  • the skids 22 are anchored in the opener 1 in its longitudinal walls 13 , wherein the left skid 22 is anchored in the adjusting movable wall and the right skid 22 is anchored in the right static wall.
  • the skids 22 move in a horizontal plane in the direction into the working space 3 and out of the working space 3 , each skid 22 connected to a piston.
  • the spreadable skids 22 have two positions - in their rest position they press from the outside to the bottom side of the upper level 4 of the working space 3 and serve to slide the crate 2 into the working space 3 . In the working position, the spreadable skids 22 move outside the working space 3 by the action of pistons and allow the sidewalls of the crate 2 to tilt downwards by gravity.
  • the opener 1 is fitted with a vice 9 with two movable jaws 10 , each jaw having three pins, each of the two opposite pins being located perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the working space 3 .
  • the jaws 10 of the vice 9 move horizontally into and out of the upper level 4 of the working space 3 and clamp the folded crate 2 by gripping the longitudinal sides 13 of its base.
  • the first pair of movable pins of the jaw 10 of the vice 9 is located 8 cm from the front edge of the working space 3 , the second pair 32 cm and the third pair 52 cm from the front edge of the working space 3 .
  • the three left pins of the jaw 10 of the vice 9 are located in the adjusting movable wall, while the three right pins of the jaw 10 of the vice 9 are located in the right static wall.
  • the pins of the jaw 10 of the vice 9 have the shape of a little prism with rounded edges, wherein each pin has a clamping surface 11 which comes into contact with the lateral wall of the base of the crate 2 .
  • the pin is anchored in the jaw 10 of the vice 9 .
  • Each jaw 10 is connected to a piston.
  • the opener 1 is further provided with eight vertical sidewall stops, wherein the function of the left vertical stop 15 of the longitudinal sidewall 6 is performed by the left adjusting movable wall and the function of the right vertical stop 15 of the longitudinal sidewall 6 is performed by the right static wall.
  • the front and rear vertical stops 16 of the transverse sidewalls 7 abut the working space 3 from the outside and define it.
  • the front leading vertical stops 16 of the transverse sidewall 7 are two, one in each corner of the working space 3 , and are common for both the small and large crates 2 .
  • the two rear vertical stops 16 of the transverse sidewalls 7 are situated in the corners of the working space 3 of the small crate 2 , i.e.
  • the vertical stops 16 of the transverse sidewalls 7 are made of a 0.4cm thick steel plate. They are 15 cm high, situated on the transverse wall of the lower level 5 and have a free width which in the working position extends 6 cm into the working space 3 .
  • the spreading of the vertical stops 16 of the transverse sidewalls 7 is realized similarly to the spreading of the jaws of the vice 9 or skids 22 .
  • Each vertical stop 16 of the transverse sidewall 7 is connected to the piston and actuated separately according to the size of the crate 2 .
  • the opener 1 is further provided with three tippers 14 of longitudinal sidewalls 6 , which are movable in the vertical direction and in their working position abut the transverse walls of the working space 3 from the inside.
  • the tippers 14 are made of steel plates with a thickness of 0.4 cm, have a width of 6 cm and a free length which extends by 12 cm into the working space 3 from above.
  • Their bottom side is bevelled from the centre of the working space 3 towards its sides, wherein the bevel has an angle of 55 °.
  • the tippers 14 are mounted three at a time on one bar at a distance of 0 cm from the front of the working space 3 , and at a distances of 7.5 cm, 17.5 cm and 27.5 cm from the right static longitudinal wall of the opener 1 defining the working space 3 .
  • the bar is connected to the piston.
  • the tippers 14 serve to mechanically tilt the longitudinal sidewalls 6 extending beyond the base of the crate 2 on the transverse side 12 .
  • the opener 1 is further provided with eight pins 17 in two sets for opening the transverse sidewalls 7 , which are movable in the vertical direction and in their working position, they pass through a perforation in the bottom of the crate 2 through the upper level 4 and further into the lower level 5 of the working space 3 .
  • the pins 17 are made of round steel bars with a diameter of 1.2 cm and a free length which extends by 8 cm into the working space 3 from above.
  • the pins 17 are seated in the opener 1 in two sets of four pins 17 - one set for the small crate 2 and the other set for the large crate 2 , since the locations of perforations in the working space 3 do not coincide with respect to the zero corner.
  • the set of pins 17 for the small crate 2 is located at a distance of 6 cm and 24 cm from the front of the working space 3 , and at a distance of 9 cm and 30 cm from the right static longitudinal wall of the opener 1 defining the working space 3 .
  • the set of pins 17 for the large crate 2 is located at a distance of 17.5 cm and 42.5 cm from the front of the working space 3 , and at a distance of 11 cm and 29 cm from the right static longitudinal wall of the opener 1 defining the working space 3 .
  • Each set of pins 17 is connected by a common draw rod and each draw rod is connected to a piston.
  • the pins 17 serve to mechanically open the transverse sidewalls 7 through the bottom of the crate 2 .
  • the opener 1 is further provided with seven swinging arms 20 , which start from three transverse rotating shafts 19 with a diameter of 1.5 cm, located 25 cm below the working space 3 and one transverse rotating shaft 19 located 27 cm below the working space 3 .
  • the shafts 19 are provided with a drive at their ends and are rotatable about their longitudinal axis.
  • the swinging arms 20 are made of steel and have the shape of a little prism 35 cm long, 1 cm wide and 3 cm thick. The arms 20 are firmly attached to the rotating shafts 19 , i.e. they rotate together with the shafts 19 .
  • the axis of the first shaft 19 is located at a distance of 2.5 cm from the front of the working space 3 in its longitudinal direction and is fitted with two swinging arms 20 for a small crate 2 .
  • the arms 20 are centered on the shaft 19 in the transverse axis of the working space 3 and spaced 24 cm apart.
  • the axis of the second shaft 19 is located at a distance of 37.5 cm from the front of the working space 3 in its longitudinal direction and is fitted with two swinging arms 20 for a small crate 2 .
  • the arms 20 are spaced 24 cm apart.
  • the axis of the third shaft 19 is located at a distance of 57.5 cm from the front of the working space 3 in its longitudinal direction and is fitted with two swinging arms 20 for a large crate 2 .
  • the arms 20 are spaced 34 cm apart.
  • the axis of the fourth shaft 19 is located at a distance of 2.5 cm from the front of the working space 3 in its longitudinal direction, 2 cm deeper below the working space 3 compared to the other axes as it lies below the first shaft 19 , thus securing the working position of the contact surface of arm 20 .
  • the fourth shaft 19 is fitted with one swinging arm 20 for the large crate 2 .
  • the arm 20 is 37 cm away from the lateral longitudinal static wall.
  • the arms 20 rotate together with their shafts 19 and their rest position in the laid state is close to the horizontal, below the working space 3 . In the working position, their position is vertical and their end is immersed in the working space 3 , thus serving to bring the transverse sidewalls 7 into a vertical position, in which the lock between the longitudinal sidewalls 6 and the transverse sidewalls 7 clicks shut.
  • the opener 1 is further equipped with an output conveyor 23 , which is placed 20 cm below the working space 3 , above the rotating shafts 19 , and consists of three continuous belts 4 cm wide, wherein the right belt is 0 cm away from the right static longitudinal wall delimiting the working space 3 , the middle belt is 26 cm away from the right static longitudinal wall and together with the right belt it is used to take the small crate 2 out of the opener 1 and the left belt is 36 cm away from the right static longitudinal wall and together with the right and middle belt it is used to take the large crate 2 out of the opener 1 .
  • an output conveyor 23 which is placed 20 cm below the working space 3 , above the rotating shafts 19 , and consists of three continuous belts 4 cm wide, wherein the right belt is 0 cm away from the right static longitudinal wall delimiting the working space 3 , the middle belt is 26 cm away from the right static longitudinal wall and together with the right belt it is used to take the small crate 2 out of the opener 1 and the left belt is 36 cm away from the right static longitudinal
  • the process of opening the crate 2 with the opener 1 described above is as follows: On the input conveyor 23 there is a small folded crate turned upside down, with the shorter side entering first.
  • the sensor evaluates the size of the crate 2 and instructs the control module of the opener 1 to set the left movable adjustable wall of the opener 1 to position M to open the small crate 2 , wherein the width between the adjustable left wall and the static right wall is 30 cm.
  • the spreadable skids 22 and the sidewall stops for the small crate 2 are extended into the working space 3 .
  • the input conveyor 23 feeds the crate 2 on the extended skids 22 .
  • the crate 2 uses the kinetic energy of the input conveyor 23 and slides on the skids 22 until it hits the front of the working space 3 . At that moment, the base of the folded crate 2 is gripped on the sides by the vice 9 or its jaws, which clamp. Then the skids 22 spread out of the working space 3 , the crate 2 is held in the air by the vice 9 and the longitudinal sidewalls 6 of the crate 2 spontaneously tilt downwards from the bottom of the crate 2 by gravity, followed by the transverse sidewalls 7 folded beneath them. However, the sidewalls do not open perfectly up to a vertical position; if the crate 2 is dirty and stuck together, the sidewalls will not open spontaneously at all.
  • the longitudinal sidewalls 6 are opened mechanically in their overlaps, which, when viewed from above, exceed beyond the bottom of the crate 2 , by means of a tipper 14 of longitudinal sidewalls 6 moving vertically from top to bottom, wherein the tippers 14 intersect the working space 3 , hitting the overlaps of the longitudinal sidewalls 6 and thus tilt them. Then it's time for the pins 17 to mechanically open the transverse sidewalls 7 . Since the control module has been informed that the small crate 2 is to be opened, it only activates the set of pins for the small crate 2 . The pins 17 move vertically from top to bottom, wherein they intersect the upper level 4 of the working space 3 , thus hitting the transverse sidewalls 7 , which they tilt.
  • the stop rockers 18 are used, their shaft 19 is rotated, whereby the swinging arm 20 is tilted and its contact surface is brought into a vertical position.
  • the control module activates only those rockers 18 , which are intended for the small crate 2 , i.e. the first and second shafts 19 .
  • the rocker 18 in the vertical position has an offset from the vertical stop 16 of the transverse sidewall 7 of 1 cm, which is the thickness of the transverse sidewall 7 .
  • the rocker 18 presses the transverse sidewall 7 into the outer vertical stop 16 , thereby bringing both the transverse sidewalls 7 and the longitudinal sidewalls 6 into a vertical position, and the lock between them automatically engages.
  • the crate 2 is opened and secured.
  • the rockers 18 return to their rest position below the output conveyors 24 , the vertical stops 16 of the transverse sidewalls 7 spread out to the sides, outside the working space 3 , and the vice 9 releases the crate 2 from the grip.
  • the crate 2 falls by gravity onto the output conveyor 24 , which carries the open secured crate 2 oriented upside down from the opener 1.
  • Example 2 simple solution, fixed longitudinal walls for one size of crates - small
  • the opener 1 of the folded crates 2 turned upside down has a parallel left and right wall and their distance is 30 cm.
  • the opener 1 has a transverse front stop of the crate 2 , which defines the front of the working space 3 .
  • the transverse front stop 8 of the crate 2 has a free height extending by 15 cm into the working space and also serves as a vertical stop 16 of the front transverse sidewall 7 of the crate 2 .
  • the upper level 4 of the working space 3 has a height of 2.7 cm for small crates 2 , a length of the transverse side 12 of 30 cm, a length of the longitudinal side 13 of 40 cm.
  • the opener 1 is equipped with an input side belt conveyor 23 leading to the opener 1 at the height of the upper level 4 of the working space 3 at an inclination of 0 °, wherein the input belt conveyor 23 grasps the crate turned upside down by its base and grips it when the crate enters the opener.
  • the input belt conveyor 23 performs the function of a vice 9 .
  • the opener 1 is further provided with four vertical sidewall stops, wherein the function of the left vertical stop 15 of the longitudinal sidewall 6 is performed by the left wall of the opener 1 and the function of the right vertical stop 15 of the longitudinal sidewall 6 is performed by the right wall of the opener 1 , and the function of the front vertical stop 16 of the transverse sidewall 7 is performed by the front stop 8 of the crate 2 .
  • the rear vertical stop 16 of the transverse sidewalls 7 abuts the working space 3 from the outside and defines it. It is situated in the middle of the working space 3 of the small crate 2 , i.e. 40 cm from the front of the working space 3 .
  • the vertical stop 16 of the rear transverse sidewall 7 is made of a 0.4cm thick steel plate, is 15 cm high, is situated on the transverse wall of the lower level 5 of the working space 3 and has a width of 6 cm.
  • the stop 16 is fixed in the opener 1 .
  • the vertical stops 15 and 16 function as outer stops of the tilted sidewalls so that the sidewalls do not break out of the hinges at an angle greater than 90 °.
  • the rear vertical stop 16 does not extend into the upper level 4 of the working space 3 , and so it does not have to be movable, since it does not interfere in any way with the crate 2 approaching the opener 1 or the upper level 4 of the working space 3 .
  • the opener 1 is further provided with one tipper 14 of longitudinal sidewalls 6 , which is movable in the vertical direction and in its working position abuts the transverse wall of the working space 3 from the inside.
  • the tipper 14 which is centered in the transverse axis of the working space 3 , is made of a steel plate 0.3 cm thick, has a width of 10 cm and a free length which extends by 12 cm into the working space 3 from above. Its bottom side is rounded.
  • the tipper 14 is connected to the piston.
  • the tipper 14 serves to mechanically tilt the longitudinal sidewalls 6 extending beyond the base of the crate 2 on the transverse side 12 .
  • the opener 1 is further provided with four pins 17 for opening the transverse sidewalls 7 , which are movable in the vertical direction and in their working position, they pass through a perforation in the bottom of the crate 2 through the upper level 4 and further into the lower level 5 of the working space 3 .
  • the pins 17 are made of round steel bars with a diameter of 1.2 cm and a free length which extends by 5 cm into the working space 3 from above.
  • the set of pins 17 for the small crate 2 is located at a distance of 6 cm and 24 cm from the front of the working space 3 , and at a distance of 9 cm and 30 cm from the right static longitudinal wall of the opener 1 defining the working space 3 .
  • the set of pins 17 is connected to the motor.
  • the pins 17 serve to mechanically open the transverse sidewalls 7 through the bottom of the crate 2 .
  • the opener 1 is further provided with four swinging arms 20 , which start from two transverse rotating shafts 19 with a diameter of 1.5 cm, situated 25 cm below the working space 3 .
  • the shafts 19 are provided with a stepping motor at their ends and are rotatable about their longitudinal axis.
  • the swinging arms 20 are made of steel and have the shape of a little prism 35 cm long, 1 cm wide and 3 cm thick.
  • the arms 20 are firmly attached to the rotating shafts 19 , i.e. they rotate together with the shafts 19 .
  • the axis of the first shaft 19 is located at a distance of 2.5 cm from the front of the working space 3 in its longitudinal direction and is fitted with two swinging arms 20 for a small crate 2 .
  • the arms 20 are centered on the shaft 19 in the transverse axis of the working space 3 and spaced 24 cm apart.
  • the axis of the second shaft 19 is located at a distance of 37.5 cm from the front of the working space 3 in its longitudinal direction and is fitted with two swinging arms 20 for a small crate 2 .
  • the arms 20 are spaced 24 cm apart.
  • the arms 20 rotate together with their shafts 19 and their rest position in the laid state is close to the horizontal, below the working space 3 . In the working position, their position is vertical and their end is immersed in the working space 3 , thus serving to bring the transverse sidewalls 7 into a vertical position, in which the lock between the longitudinal sidewalls 6 and the transverse sidewalls 7 clicks shut.
  • the opener 1 is further equipped with an output conveyor 23 , which is mounted 20 cm below the working space 3 , above the rotating shafts 19 . It is a belt conveyor and serves to take the small crate 2 out of the opener 1 .
  • the input conveyor 23 there is a small folded crate turned upside down, with the shorter side entering first. It is clamped along the longitudinal sides of its base by the straps of the conveyor 23 and the conveyor 23 transports the crate 2 to the upper level 4 of the working space 3 , where the conveyor 23 stops and holds the crate 2 in the air.
  • the longitudinal sidewalls 6 of the crate 2 spontaneously tilt downwards from the bottom of the crate 2 by gravity, followed by the transverse sidewalls 7 folded beneath them. However, the sidewalls do not open perfectly up to a vertical position; if the crate 2 is dirty and stuck together, the sidewalls will not open spontaneously at all.
  • the longitudinal sidewalls 6 are opened mechanically in their overlaps, which, when viewed from above, exceed beyond the bottom of the crate 2 , by means of a tipper 14 of longitudinal sidewalls 6 moving vertically from top to bottom, wherein the tipper 14 intersects the working space 3 , hitting the overlaps of the longitudinal sidewalls 6 and thus tilt them. Then it's time for the pins 17 to mechanically open the transverse sidewalls 7. The pins 17 move vertically from top to bottom, wherein they intersect the upper level 4 of the working space 3 , thus hitting the transverse sidewalls 7 , which they tilt. Now it is still necessary to secure the sidewalls in a vertical position by clicking the locks.
  • the stop rockers 18 are used, their shaft 19 is rotated, whereby the swinging arm 20 is tilted and its contact surface is brought into a vertical position.
  • the rocker 18 in the vertical position has an offset from the vertical stop 16 of the transverse sidewall 7 of 1 cm, which is the thickness of the transverse sidewall 7 .
  • the rocker 18 presses the transverse sidewall 7 into the outer vertical stop 16 , thereby bringing both the transverse sidewalls 7 and the longitudinal sidewalls 6 into a vertical position, and the lock between them automatically engages.
  • the crate 2 is opened and secured.
  • the rockers 18 return to their rest position below the output conveyors 24 , the vertical stops 16 of the transverse sidewalls 7 spread out to the sides, outside the working space 3 , and the vice 9 releases the crate 2 from the grip.
  • the crate 2 falls by gravity onto the output conveyor 24 , which carries the open secured crate 2 oriented upside down from the opener 1 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rigid Containers With Two Or More Constituent Elements (AREA)
EP22189938.8A 2021-08-19 2022-08-11 Ouvreur automatique de passage pour l'ouverture de caisses en plastique pliables et retournées Withdrawn EP4144519A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2021-385A CZ309637B6 (cs) 2021-08-19 2021-08-19 Automatický průjezdný otevírač pro otevírání složených plastových přepravek otočených dnem vzhůru
CZ2021414 2021-09-07

Publications (1)

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EP4144519A1 true EP4144519A1 (fr) 2023-03-08

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1375355A2 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-02 Karl Fiederling Dispositif pour ouvrir et transférer des récipients pliables
NL1025167C2 (nl) * 2004-01-05 2005-07-06 Systemate Group Bv Inrichting voor het uitvouwen van vouwkratten.
EP2181841A1 (fr) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-05 Tanzer Peter Maschinenbau Machine pour relever/rabattre des cageots dotés de parois latérales repliables
CZ2020701A3 (cs) 2020-12-21 2022-06-29 Media CZ s. r. o. Stoh svázaných sloupců složených stohovatelných přepravek, způsob jeho strojového rozebírání a zařízení k provádění tohoto způsobu

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1375355A2 (fr) * 2002-06-28 2004-01-02 Karl Fiederling Dispositif pour ouvrir et transférer des récipients pliables
NL1025167C2 (nl) * 2004-01-05 2005-07-06 Systemate Group Bv Inrichting voor het uitvouwen van vouwkratten.
EP2181841A1 (fr) * 2008-11-04 2010-05-05 Tanzer Peter Maschinenbau Machine pour relever/rabattre des cageots dotés de parois latérales repliables
CZ2020701A3 (cs) 2020-12-21 2022-06-29 Media CZ s. r. o. Stoh svázaných sloupců složených stohovatelných přepravek, způsob jeho strojového rozebírání a zařízení k provádění tohoto způsobu

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