Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
  • A01G9/24—Devices or systems for heating, ventilating, regulating temperature, illuminating, or watering, in greenhouses, forcing-frames, or the like
  • A01G9/243—Collecting solar energy
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
  • A01G25/00—Watering gardens, fields, sports grounds or the like
  • A01G25/16—Control of watering
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S90/00—Solar heat systems not otherwise provided for
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/30—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment
  • H02S20/32—Supporting structures being movable or adjustable, e.g. for angle adjustment specially adapted for solar tracking
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
  • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
  • Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
  • Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping

Definitions

• TITLE agrivoltaic system and process with controlled irrigation
• the present invention relates to an agrivoltaic system and method.
• Agrivoltaics or "Agri-PV” is a young field that combines agriculture and photovoltaic electricity production on a common surface.
• the principle is to install controllable photovoltaic panels on an agricultural production area capable of artificially creating shade and shelter and at the same time producing electricity.
• Document WO 2011/047828 A1 discloses a system comprising a photovoltaic panel and an irrigation device.
• the photovoltaic panel In the event of rain, the photovoltaic panel is oriented in a particular way, in order to facilitate the collection of rainwater for its later use to irrigate crops.
• One aim of the invention is to irrigate crops in a manner more suited to the needs of the crops and / or the need for energy production.
• a system comprising:
• an irrigation device configured to irrigate crops with water at a water flow rate determined according to an angle of inclination of solar rays relative to the photovoltaic panel.
• the system according to the first aspect and the method according to the second aspect may each include the following features, taken alone or in combination where it makes sense.
• the irrigation device is configured to determine a concentration of fertilizer to be supplied to the crops according to the determined water flow.
• the irrigation device is configured to water the crops with a mixture of water and fertilizer dosed according to the concentration of fertilizer to be supplied to the crops.
• the determined water flow increases when the angle of inclination of the solar rays relative to the photovoltaic panel is reduced or vice versa.
• an orientation of the photovoltaic panel relative to the support is controlled so that the photovoltaic panel complies with a predefined electrical energy production setpoint.
• This control is for example implemented by a control unit of the system according to the first aspect.
• Figure 1 schematically illustrates a system according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 2 is a flowchart of steps of a method according to one embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 3 is a set of curves representing an amount of crop production and instantaneous energy production, as a function of an angle formed between a photovoltaic panel and incident solar radiation.
• a system 1 comprises a support 2, a photovoltaic panel 4 and an irrigation device 6.
• the support 2 is suitable for extending above crops, that is to say at least one plant P.
• the support 2 typically comprises feet suitable for being placed on the ground or for being planted in the ground.
• the photovoltaic panel 4 comprises at least one photovoltaic cell having the function of producing electrical energy when the cell is illuminated by solar radiation.
• Each photovoltaic cell defines an upper surface of the photovoltaic panel 4, which is photosensitive.
• the photovoltaic panel 4 is rotatably mounted on the support 2 around an axis of rotation, so as to project a variable shadow on the crops above which the support 2 extends, as illustrated in FIG. 1.
• the shadow cast by the photovoltaic panel 4 varies as a function of the angular position of the photovoltaic panel 4 relative to the support 2.
• the axis of rotation is typically horizontal, that is, parallel to the surface of the ground.
• the photovoltaic panel 4 is movable in a plurality of angular positions.
• This plurality of positions may include a horizontal position, in which the panel extends vertically relative to the floor surface, and a vertical position, in which the panel extends horizontally relative to the floor surface.
• the shadow cast When the plane of the panel is parallel to the elevation angle of the sun, the shadow cast is minimal. When the plane of the panel is perpendicular to the angle of elevation of the sun, the shadow cast is maximum.
• the system 1 can comprise several photovoltaic panels 4 conforming to the preceding description, together forming a roof for the crops.
• System 1 also includes a control unit 8 to control the orientation of each photovoltaic panel 4.
• the respective orientations of the panels can be identical (in other words, the panels can be constantly parallel to each other).
• the control unit 8 can be configured to orient each photovoltaic panel 4 so that the photovoltaic panel 4 respects a predefined electrical energy production setpoint. For example, the control unit 8 can orient the panels 4 so that the or each photovoltaic panel 4 is produced at least a predefined quantity of electrical energy during a predefined period of time.
• the irrigation device 6 is configured to water the crops P above which the support 2 extends.
• the irrigation device 6 comprises in particular at least one pipe for conveying water from a water network to the crops.
• the irrigation device 6 further comprises a valve 10 for adjusting the flow of water supplied to the crops by the or each pipe.
• the irrigation device 6 further includes a metering device 12 configured to mix fertilizer with the water as it travels to the crops.
• the irrigation device includes, for example, a drip to supply water and / or fertilizer to the crops, which is effective although expensive.
• the irrigation device includes a spray bottle for spraying water and / or fertilizer on the crops.
• the system 1 furthermore comprises a control unit for controlling the valve and the metering device, which may be identical or distinct from the control unit 8 of the photovoltaic panel 4.
• a control unit for controlling the valve and the metering device which may be identical or distinct from the control unit 8 of the photovoltaic panel 4.
• an embodiment will be considered in which it is the same control unit 8 which controls each photovoltaic panel 4, but also the valve and the metering device.
• a method implemented by the system 1 comprises the following steps.
• the control unit 8 determines data representative of the orientation of the photovoltaic panel 4 (step 100).
• These data include, for example, a current angular position of the photovoltaic panel 4, or else a history of angular positions of the photovoltaic panel 4 during a predefined period.
• data representative of the orientation of the photovoltaic panel include an amount of energy produced by the photovoltaic panel during a predefined period.
• this period being able to be expressed in days, weeks, months, years, it is possible to record in a database the data on the quantity of energy produced during this period.
• the control unit 8 determines a flow rate of water to be supplied to the crops as a function of the orientation data determined during the previous step (step 102).
• the control unit 8 also determines a concentration of fertilizer to be supplied to the plants (for example expressed in grams per liter). The amount of fertilizer is determined from the determined water flow.
• the determined fertilizer concentration is suitable for satisfying a crop requirement without exceeding it.
• This amount of fertilizer takes into account the leachability of the soil.
• this quantity is adapted to be higher during short irrigation periods (wilting point) or at the end of long periods (field capacity).
• the control unit 8 supplies the calculated water flow to the valve 10 of the irrigation system, so that water is delivered to the crops with this calculated flow.
• the control unit 8 further supplies the amount of fertilizer to be supplied to the metering device 12 of the irrigation device 6, so that fertilizer is supplied to the crops in this amount.
• this amount of fertilizer is mixed within the irrigation device with the water being conveyed.
• the water flow determined by the control unit 8 increases when the shadow cast by the photovoltaic panel 4 decreases. In other words, the more the photovoltaic panel 4 shades the crops, the lower the determined water flow.
• I (t) is the energy received from the sun at time t. This energy depends on the season, on the history of the weather (clouds). It is measured elsewhere.
• Q the crop production function
• Q is data that can be recorded in a database, for example according to the type of crop.
• Dt is the amount of culture production obtained during a time dt.
• P (D (t), 0 (t), l (t)) be the instantaneous energy production function, a function of the inclination of the panels, the energy received and the water flow rate used by the device irrigation.
• the general problem consists in maximizing f 0 Q (D (t), 0 (t), I (t)). dt (the quantity of culture produced between 0 and T) under the constraint / Q T P (D (t), O (t), I (t)). dt> Pmin.
• Pmin can be known in advance from the data recorded on the amount of energy produced, for example according to the given crop.
• the unknowns are the laws controlling the orientation O (t) of the panels and the irrigation flow D (t).
• a solution then consists in solving the following system: r Q ⁇ A. D. cos Q p ⁇ Pmax. sm9 3 Pmin
• the solution of the system is an angle interval [qpi ⁇ h, p / 2] possible to meet the minimum energy production constraint, Pmin.
• an average irrigation flow rate D is deduced, D being greater than Dmin, and satisfies the constraints of Qmin and Pmin.
• the water flow calculated by the control unit may also depend on other input data, for example:
• the irrigation flow can be modulated so as to take advantage of the shadow zones to irrigate at the capacity of the field (and stop once this has been reached) and at the same time irrigate the illuminated zones with a periodicity T which allows to located in full sun always beyond the wilting point of the plant.
• the time of day can also be taken into account when calculating the water flow. Indeed, cultures need different light spectrum (rather blue in the morning and rather red in the evening) but the red spectrum makes them burn; it is therefore necessary to irrigate more in the presence of such a red spectrum.
• the method and the system described above advantageously find application for irrigating crops which do not require plowing (for example: coffee, salad, cabbage, strawberries).

Landscapes

• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Environmental Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fertilizing (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
• Hydroponics (AREA)
• Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
• Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

Country Status (3)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (2)

Family Cites Families (5)

• 2020
  • 2020-04-08 FR FR2003536A patent/FR3109055B1/fr active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-04-07 EP EP21722964.0A patent/EP4132263A1/de active Pending
  • 2021-04-07 WO PCT/FR2021/050603 patent/WO2021205114A1/fr unknown

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