EP4128677A1 - Procédé d'estimation de symboles véhiculés par un signal comprenant une pluralité de chirps, produit programme d'ordinateur et dispositif correspondants - Google Patents
Procédé d'estimation de symboles véhiculés par un signal comprenant une pluralité de chirps, produit programme d'ordinateur et dispositif correspondantsInfo
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- EP4128677A1 EP4128677A1 EP21732941.6A EP21732941A EP4128677A1 EP 4128677 A1 EP4128677 A1 EP 4128677A1 EP 21732941 A EP21732941 A EP 21732941A EP 4128677 A1 EP4128677 A1 EP 4128677A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/0012—Modulated-carrier systems arrangements for identifying the type of modulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L7/00—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter
- H04L7/0016—Arrangements for synchronising receiver with transmitter correction of synchronization errors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/69—Spread spectrum techniques
- H04B2001/6912—Spread spectrum techniques using chirp
Definitions
- TITLE Method for estimating symbols conveyed by a signal comprising a plurality of corresponding chlrps, computer program product and device.
- the field of the invention is that of data transmission via the use of a so-called “chirp” waveform.
- the invention relates more particularly to a method of processing such a waveform which exhibits improved performance compared to existing techniques with comparable implementation complexity.
- Such a waveform is used for the transmission of data via communication links of different types, eg acoustics, radiofrequency, etc.
- the LoRa ® technology dedicated to low consumption transmission by objects connected via a radio frequency link uses such a waveform.
- the invention thus has applications, in particular, but not exclusively, in all areas of personal and professional life in which connected objects are present. These include, for example, the fields of health, sport, domestic applications (security, household appliances, etc.), object tracking, etc.
- connected objects are in the process of establishing themselves in all areas of daily life and business. Most of these objects are intended to produce data through their integrated sensors in order to provide value-added services for their owner. By virtue of the applications targeted, these connected objects are for the most part nomadic. In particular, they must be able to transmit the data produced, regularly or on demand, to a remote user.
- NB-loT for “Narrow Band - Internet of Things” in English
- LTE MTC for “LongTerm Evolution - Machine Type Communication ”in English
- EC-GSM-loT for“ Extended Coverage - GSM - Internet of Things ”in English
- patent EP 2449690 B1 describes an information transmission technique, on which the LoRa ® technology is based.
- the patent document US 2019/149187 Al discloses a method for estimating symbols carried by a waveform as used LoRa ® technology.
- Patent document US 2019/229958 A1 discloses a method that can be applied to the generation and demodulation of such a waveform.
- the first feedback comes from unsatisfactory user experiences linked to the limited performance of the radio link in real conditions.
- access to radio resources takes place by contention in a network of this type, intra-system collisions between transmissions from different objects connected to a given base station are inevitable.
- a method for estimating at least two information symbols of a constellation of M symbols conveyed by a signal comprising a plurality of chirps among M chirps.
- a s-th chirp among the M chirps is associated with a symbol, called a modulation symbol, of rank s of the constellation of M symbols, s being an integer from 0 to M-1.
- the s-th chirp results from a modulation of a basic chirp whose instantaneous frequency varies between a first instantaneous frequency and a second instantaneous frequency for a symbol time T.
- Such a method comprises, for a portion of the signal representative of at least two chirps of the plurality of chirps: a first demodulation of the portion of the signal delivering: an estimate of a first modulation symbol associated with a chirp, called the first chirp , of highest amplitude among the at least two chirps, an estimate of the amplitude of the first chirp, and an estimate of a phase of the first chirp; generating a signal representative of the first chirp from the estimates of the first modulation symbol, the amplitude of the first chirp, and the phase of the first chirp; coherent subtraction of the signal representative of the first chirp from the portion of the signal delivering an updated portion of the signal; and a second demodulation of the updated portion of the signal delivering an estimate of a second modulation symbol associated with a second chirp among the at least two chirps.
- the invention proposes a new and inventive solution for improving the robustness of a communication link based on the use of chirps in order to convey the data symbols.
- the chirp of higher amplitude is seen here as interference from the point of view of the other chirps composing the processed signal, in particular when the chirps in question overlap at least partially temporally as happens during a contention access. radio frequency resources.
- the estimation of the parameters characterizing the chirp of highest amplitude, then the subtraction of the signal representative of the chirp in question from the processed signal makes it possible to cancel the corresponding interference.
- the demodulation of the other chirps of the signal thus processed is improved and therefore the overall quality of the communication link as well.
- the first demodulation and / or the second demodulation comprises a first synchronization comprising, for at least a first elementary portion of duration T of the signal: a first sampling of the first elementary portion delivering a sequence of first samples; a first term-to-term multiplication between, on the one hand, the sequence of first samples and, on the other hand, a sequence of samples representative of a so-called conjugate reference chirp obtained by applying the modulation to a basic chirp conjugate of which an instantaneous frequency varies between the second instantaneous frequency and the first instantaneous frequency for a symbol time T, the first multiplication delivering a sequence of first multiplied samples; and a first Fourier transform of the sequence of multiplied first samples delivering a sequence of transformed first samples.
- the first synchronization delivers a first signal synchronization information as a function of the first transformed samples.
- a first synchronization information is obtained by searching for a maximum value among the samples delivered (eg the maximum value of the modulus of the samples in question) by a Fourier transform carried out on a multiplication of the signal received with a reference chirp, eg an expected reference chirp such as can be found in the preamble of a data frame formed according to a particular standard such as the LoRa ® standard.
- a reference chirp eg an expected reference chirp such as can be found in the preamble of a data frame formed according to a particular standard such as the LoRa ® standard.
- the first multiplication and the first Fourier transform are implemented for at least a plurality of first successive elementary portions of duration T of the signal delivering at least a corresponding plurality of sequences of first transformed samples.
- the first synchronization comprises, for at least a given plurality of sequences of first transformed samples, at least a first averaging function of the first transformed samples of the same rank within the sequences of first transformed samples of the given plurality.
- the repeated first averaging for all rows of first transformed samples within the sequences of first transformed samples of the given plurality yields a sequence of averaged first transformed samples.
- the first synchronization information is a function of a maximum value among the first averaged transformed samples.
- the accuracy of the first sync is improved by averaging over several expected reference chirps, eg as can be found in the preamble of a data frame formed according to a particular standard such as standard LoRa ®.
- the multiplication and the Fourier transform are implemented for at least two pluralities of successive first elementary portions of duration T of the signal delivering at least two corresponding pluralities of sequences of first transformed samples.
- the first averaging implemented for each plurality of sequences of first transformed samples among the at least two pluralities delivers at least two sequences of corresponding averaged first transformed samples.
- the first synchronization information is a function of a maximum value among the at least two sequences of first averaged transformed samples.
- the first demodulation and / or the second demodulation delivers the estimates if and only if the maximum value is greater than a first predetermined threshold.
- the proposed method manages false detections of chirps.
- the first predetermined threshold is a function of a number of first elementary portions in a given plurality of first elementary portions.
- the first demodulation and / or the second demodulation comprises a second synchronization comprising, for at least a second elementary portion of duration T of the signal: a second sampling of the second elementary portion delivering a sequence of second samples; a second term-to-term multiplication between, on the one hand, the sequence of second samples of the second elementary portion and, on the other hand, a sequence of samples representative of a reference chirp among the M chirps, the second multiplication delivering M second multiplied samples; and a second Fourier transform of the sequence of second multiplied samples delivering a sequence of second transformed samples.
- the second synchronization delivers second signal synchronization information as a function of the second transformed samples.
- a second synchronization information is obtained by searching for a maximum value among the samples delivered (eg the maximum value of the modulus of the samples in question) by a Fourier transform carried out on a multiplication of the signal received with a reference chirp of which the instantaneous frequency (ie the derivative of the instantaneous frequency) has a slope opposite to that of the reference chirp sought during the first synchronization.
- reference chirps having opposite instantaneous frequency slopes are detected in the processed signal.
- Such chirps having opposite instantaneous frequency slopes are used in the preamble of frames according to certain standards such as the LoRa ® standard.
- the combination of the synchronization information obtained from such chirps having opposite instantaneous frequency slopes allows to differentiate the synchronization errors in time and in frequency.
- the second synchronization takes account of the first synchronization information.
- the precision of the second synchronization information is improved.
- the second multiplication and the second Fourier transform are implemented for at least a plurality of second successive elementary portions of duration T of the signal delivering at least a corresponding plurality of sequences of second transformed samples.
- the second synchronization comprises, for at least a given plurality of sequences of second transformed samples, at least a second averaging function of the second transformed samples of the same rank within the sequences of second transformed samples of the given plurality.
- the repeated second averaging for all rows of second transformed samples within the sequences of second transformed samples of the given plurality yields a sequence of second averaged transformed samples.
- the second synchronization information is a function of a maximum value among the second averaged transformed samples.
- the precision of the second synchronization is improved by averaging over several expected reference chirps.
- the multiplication and the Fourier transform are implemented for at least two pluralities of second successive elementary portions of duration T of the signal delivering at least two corresponding pluralities of sequences of second transformed samples.
- the second averaging implemented for each plurality of sequences of second transformed samples among the at least two pluralities delivers at least two sequences of corresponding averaged second transformed samples.
- the second synchronization information is a function of a maximum value among the at least two sequences of second averaged transformed samples.
- the expected reference chirps are sought over different portions of the signal, thereby making it possible to improve the chances of synchronization.
- one of the first and second synchronization information is representative of a sum between a time synchronization error and a frequency synchronization error.
- the other of the first and second synchronization information is representative of a difference between the time synchronization error and the frequency synchronization error.
- the first demodulation and / or the second demodulation comprises a summation and a subtraction between the first and second synchronization information delivering the time synchronization error and the frequency synchronization error.
- the synchronization errors in time e.g. the sampling instant of the signal
- in frequency e.g. the error on the carrier frequency of the signal
- the first demodulation and / or the second demodulation comprises, for at least a fraction of duration T of the signal portion representative of an expected chirp, called expected fraction: a so-called synchronized sampling of the expected fraction initiated as a function of the first synchronization information and / or of the second synchronization information delivering a sequence of expected synchronized samples representative of the expected chirp; a term-to-term so-called synchronized multiplication between, on the one hand, the sequence of expected synchronized samples and, on the other hand, the sequence of samples representative of the conjugated reference chirp, the multiplication delivering a sequence of multiplied synchronized samples expected; and a so-called synchronized Fourier transform of the sequence of expected multiplied synchronized samples delivering a sequence of expected transformed synchronized samples.
- An estimation bias of the expected chirp is a function of an expected transformed synchronized sample of higher amplitude.
- the first demodulation and / or the second demodulation delivers at least one estimation bias corresponding to said at least one expected chirp.
- the first demodulation and / or the second demodulation comprises, for at least a fraction of duration T of the portion of signal representative of the first chirp, called the first fraction chirp, and / or for at least a fraction of duration T of the signal portion representative of the second chirp, called the second chirp fraction: a so-called synchronized sampling of the first chirp fraction and / or of the second chirp fraction initiated as a function of the first synchronization information and / or of the second chirp information.
- synchronization delivering a sequence of first synchronized samples representative of the first chrip and / or a sequence of second synchronized samples representative of the second chirp; a term-to-term so-called synchronized multiplication between, on the one hand, the sequence of synchronized first samples and / or the sequence of second synchronized samples and, on the other hand, the sequence of samples representative of the conjugated reference chirp, the multiplication delivering a sequence of multiplied synchronized first samples and / or a sequence of multiplied second synchronized samples; and a so-called synchronized Fourier transform of the sequence of multiplied synchronized first samples delivering a sequence of transformed synchronized first samples and / or a so-called synchronized Fourier transform of the sequence of multiplied synchronized second samples delivering a sequence of transformed second synchronized samples.
- the estimates associated with the first chirp are a function of a sample of higher amplitude among the first synchronized transformed samples and / or the estimates associated with the second chirp are a function of a sample of higher amplitude among the second synchronized transformed samples.
- the estimates are also a function of said at least one estimation bias.
- the first demodulation comprises a comparison between, on the one hand, the amplitude of the sample of highest amplitude among the first transformed synchronized samples, called the first sample of highest amplitude, and, on the other hand hand, a second predetermined threshold.
- the estimate of the amplitude of the first chirp is a function of: the amplitude of the first sample of the highest amplitude when the amplitude of the first sample of the highest amplitude is less than the second predetermined threshold, and of a predetermined amplitude when l the amplitude of the first sample of highest amplitude is greater than the second predetermined threshold.
- the estimate of the phase of the first chirp is a function of: the phase of the first sample with the highest amplitude when the amplitude of the first sample with the highest amplitude is less than the second predetermined threshold, and on a predetermined phase when the amplitude of the first sample of highest amplitude is greater than the second predetermined threshold.
- the synchronized sampling of the first chirp fraction is prolonged in time so as to deliver a plurality of sequences of samples.
- Synchronized term-to-term multiplication and synchronized Fourier transform are implemented for each synchronized sample sequence of the plurality of synchronized sample sequences providing a corresponding plurality of transformed synchronized sample sequences.
- the predetermined amplitude is a function of an average of the amplitudes of each sample of highest amplitude of each sequence of transformed synchronized samples.
- the predetermined phase is a function of an average of the phases of each sample of highest amplitude of each sequence of transformed synchronized samples.
- the second predetermined threshold is a function of the parameter M and of the predetermined amplitude.
- the portion of the signal is representative of at least three chirps of the plurality of chirps and the first chirp is the chirp of the highest amplitude among the at least three chirps.
- the second modulation symbol being associated with a chirp, called second chirp, of greater amplitude after the first chirp among the at least three chirps, the second demodulation delivers an estimate of the amplitude of the second chirp and an estimate of a phase of the second chirp.
- the method further comprises: generating a signal representative of the second chirp from the estimates of the second modulation symbol, the amplitude of the second chirp, and the phase of the second chirp; coherent subtraction of the signal representative of the second chirp from the updated portion of the signal delivering a second updated portion of the signal; and a third demodulation of the updated second portion of the signal delivering an estimate of a third modulation symbol associated with a third chirp among the at least three chirps.
- a third chirp is demodulated in an improved manner.
- the invention also relates to a computer program comprising program code instructions for implementing a method as described above, according to any one of its various embodiments, when it is executed on a computer. computer.
- a device for estimating at least two information symbols of a constellation of M symbols conveyed by a signal comprising a plurality of chirps among M chirps comprises a reprogrammable computing machine or a dedicated computing machine configured to implement the steps of the estimation method according to the invention (according to any one of the various aforementioned embodiments).
- a reprogrammable computing machine or a dedicated computing machine configured to implement the steps of the estimation method according to the invention (according to any one of the various aforementioned embodiments).
- FIG.1 shows a plurality of objects connected to a base station of a radio communication network of the low speed and low consumption type according to one embodiment of the invention
- [Flg.2a] illustrates the instantaneous frequency of a basic chirp
- [Flg.2b] illustrates the modulation of the basic chirp of Fig.2a via a circular permutation of the variation pattern of its instantaneous frequency
- [Flg.2c] illustrates the instantaneous frequency of the chirp resulting from the modulation of the basic chirp of Fig.2a via the circular permutation illustrated in Fig.2b;
- FIG.3 shows the steps of a method for estimating information symbols carried by a signal comprising a plurality of chirps according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG.4a illustrates the search for a maximum value among the samples at the output of a Fourier transform performed on a multiplication of the signal processed with an expected reference chirp as implemented in certain steps of the estimation process of Fig.3 according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG.4b illustrates the search for a maximum value of a function M (p) as implemented in certain steps of the estimation method of Fig.3 according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG.5 represents an example of a device structure allowing the implementation of the steps of the estimation method of Fig.3 according to one embodiment of the invention.
- the general principle of the invention is based on the estimation of the parameters characterizing a first chirp (eg the chirp of highest amplitude) in a signal comprising a plurality of chirps. More particularly, the first chirp is seen as interference from the point of view of the other chirps composing the processed signal, in particular when the chirps in question are superimposed temporally, at least in part, as happens during contention access to the channel. transmission. In this way, the estimation of the parameters characterizing the first chirp allows the generation of a signal representative of the first chirp in question.
- a first chirp eg the chirp of highest amplitude
- the subtraction, from the processed signal, of the signal representative of the first chirp thus makes it possible to reduce the interference from the point of view of the other chirps present in the signal.
- the demodulation of the other chirps of the signal is thus improved and therefore the overall quality of the communication link as well.
- the radiocommunication network implements the LoRa ® communication protocol.
- the transmission of data in the upward direction between the U objects 100 and the base station 110 takes place by contention in the ISM frequency bands.
- the probability of collisions of data frames at the level of the base station 110 is non-zero and increases with the number U of objects 100 connected.
- the use of the same spreading factor SF for the transmission of the chirps by the different objects 100 leads to destructive collisions, ie to losses of orthogonality between the chirps, when the chirps in question are transmitted on the same carrier frequency.
- the objects 100 do not transmit the chirps to the base station 110 on the same carrier frequency. However, even in this case, temporal collisions can occur in a context of access by contention to the radiofrequency resources.
- a basic chirp is defined as the chirp from which are obtained the other chirps used for the transmission of information following the modulation process by the modulation symbols.
- the instantaneous phase ⁇ (t) (ie the phase of the complex envelope representing the chirp in question) of the basic chirp is expressed for t in the interval (Fig.2a) as with :
- T the symbol duration (also called the signaling interval for example in the LoRa ® standard);
- the instantaneous frequency f (t) of the basic chirp which corresponds to the instantaneous phase derivative ⁇ (t) , is expressed as
- the instantaneous frequency f (t) is thus linked to the angular speed of rotation in the complex plane of the vector whose coordinates are given by the in-phase and quadrature signals representing the modulating signal (ie the real and imaginary parts of the envelope complex in practice) intended to modulate the radiofrequency carrier so as to transpose the basic chirp signal to a carrier frequency.
- the instantaneous frequency f (t) of the basic chirp illustrated in Fig. 2a is linear over time, ie varies linearly between a first instantaneous frequency, here -B / 2, and a second instantaneous frequency, here + B / 2, during the duration T of a symbol.
- a chirp having a linear instantaneous frequency is used as basic chirp (also called “raw” chirp) in the LoRa ® standard.
- m i (p) is an integer value between 0 and M-1 which represents the modulation symbol conveyed by the chirp transmitted by the i-th object 100 connected over the time interval
- the signal transmitted by each object 100 follows the frame structure defined by the standard LoRa ®.
- a frame begins with a preamble of basic Np chirps as described above (ie, the instantaneous frequency of which has a positive slope). Then comes a synchronization word which takes the form of two synchronization chirps having a predetermined modulation. Then come 2.25 so-called SFD chirps (for "Start of the Frame Delimiting" in English). Such SFD chirps correspond to unmodulated chirps but with an instantaneous frequency exhibiting a negative slope.
- the SFD chirps can be seen as the conjugates (in the sense of the mathematical operation to be applied to the corresponding complex envelopes) of the basic chirps.
- the payload data stream is generated in the form of symbols.
- a complex envelope of the signal transmitted by the i-th object 100 connected can take the form:
- w (t) is the complex envelope of the noise on reception, assumed here additive white and Gaussian, or AWGN (for "Additive white Gaussian noise” in English).
- a demodulation of a portion of the signal y (t) is performed by an estimation device such as the device 500 described further below in relation to FIG. 5.
- the device 500 is included in the base station 110.
- the device 500 is for example remote in a core network to which the base station 110 is connected or else in another device for receiving the signals emitted by the objects 100 (eg network monitoring equipment, etc.).
- First synchronization Returning to FIG. 3, the device 500 continuously receives the signal whose expression is given above by [Math.6].
- Equation [Math.7] represents the temporal error between the signal y (t) defined above via the equation [Math.6] and a de-chirping sequence used by the device 500 to cancel the instantaneous frequency slopes of the chirps.
- a de-chirping sequence is a sequence of conjugated reference chirps.
- a conjugated reference chirp corresponds to the conjugate (within the meaning of the mathematical operation to be applied to the corresponding complex envelopes) of a reference chirp among the M modulated chirps.
- Such a conjugated reference chirp thus exhibits an instantaneous frequency with a slope opposite to that of the basic chirp.
- the conjugated reference chirp is obtained by applying the modulation principle described above in relation to Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b and Fig. 2c to a basic chirp called conjugate, the instantaneous frequency of which varies. between the second instantaneous frequency and the first instantaneous frequency for a symbol time T.
- the reference chirp corresponds to the base chirp as shown in the expression [Math.8] below of the sequence implemented in the present embodiment.
- other reference chirps among the M chirps of the constellation can be considered.
- the device 500 thus performs a term-to-term multiplication between, on the one hand, the sequence y (n) of samples of the signal y (t) on the other hand, a sequence d (n) of samples representative of the form de-chirping wave:
- • is the number of signals received during the p-th temporal section of duration T of application of the de-chirping sequence d (n) .
- . , for is the initial phase of the i-th signal received during the p-th section of duration T;
- . . , for is the frequency of the detected peak of the i-th signal received in the p-th section of duration T in an unsynchronized mode.
- the detection of the start of the preamble of the frame corresponding to the signal of highest amplitude transmitted by one of the objects 100 implements an averaging function of the transformed samples of the sequence given by the equation [Math.9] .
- the detection of the start of the preamble of the frame in question implements an averaging function of the squared modulus of the sequence of transformed samples delivered at the output of the Fourier transform and given by the equation [Math.9].
- Such averaging is advantageously done over the number NP of chirps making up the preamble (or, more generally, over a plurality of successive elementary portions of duration T of the processed signal), and in a sliding manner over NB successive elementary portions of duration T (or , more generally, over several pluralities of successive elementary portions of duration T of the processed signal).
- an estimation of the index of the sample corresponding to the start of the preamble of the frame corresponding to the signal of highest amplitude transmitted by one of the objects 100 is given by:
- such averaging over the number NP of chirps composing the preamble and / or in a sliding manner over NB successive elementary portions of duration T is not implemented, and the detection of the start of the preamble of the frame corresponding to the signal of highest amplitude is done by simply searching for a maximum value among a sequence of samples delivered (eg the maximum value of the modulus of the samples in question) by a Fourier transform performed on a multiplication of the received signal with an expected reference chirp (eg a reference chirp expected in the preamble of a data frame formed according to the LoRa ® standard).
- an expected reference chirp eg a reference chirp expected in the preamble of a data frame formed according to the LoRa ® standard.
- the index (or rank ) of the highest amplitude peak 400 thus corresponds to the synchronization symbol sought in the signal of highest amplitude emitted by an object 100.
- the other peaks correspond here to the signals emitted by the other objects 100.
- the peak of the highest amplitude at the output of the Fourier transform of the M samples representative of a preamble chirp makes it possible to obtain the first synchronization information representative of a sum between the time error of synchronization and synchronization frequency error for the highest amplitude signal in question as described above in relation to the equation [Math.llj. Noting the index of the peak of the signal of highest amplitude in question, one can thus write:
- the device 500 performs a second synchronization.
- the device 500 implements the same processing operations as during the first synchronization described above except that the de-chirping sequence considered is composed of reference chirps having an instantaneous frequency. with a slope identical to that of the basic chirp.
- the reference chirps now considered are chirps modulated among the M chirps of the constellation.
- Such a de-chirping sequence now makes it possible to detect chirps having an instantaneous frequency with a slope opposite to that of the chirps detected during the aforementioned first synchronization.
- such a de-chirping sequence makes it possible to detect SFD chirps in a frame defined by the LoRa ® standard.
- the second synchronization makes it possible to obtain a second synchronization information representative of a difference between the timing error of synchronization and the frequency synchronization error for the highest amplitude signal transmitted by one of the objects 100.
- the device 500 determines the time synchronization error and the frequency synchronization error for the higher amplitude signal received from one of the objects 100.
- time and frequency synchronization errors make it possible to estimate with precision the data symbol or symbols conveyed by the chirp or chirps of the higher amplitude signal.
- only one synchronization is performed (the first synchronization or the second synchronization) allowing a time registration which, although less precise, and sufficient under certain conditions to estimate the data symbol (s) carried by the signal. treat.
- the second synchronization takes into account the first synchronization information in order to synchronize the processing operations on the portion of the signal conveying the chirps having an instantaneous frequency with a slope opposite to that of the chirps detected during the first synchronization.
- the first synchronization and the second synchronization are based on the detection of extreme values in the sequence defined by [Math.12]. In practice, such detection is done by comparison with a first predetermined threshold. More particularly, the Fourier transform of noise, assumed to be Gaussian, also follows a Gaussian distribution. Thus it can be shown that T (k, p) follows a chi-square distribution law with NP degrees of freedom.
- the first predetermined threshold Th beyond which it is estimated that a peak corresponds to a chirp actually present in the signal to be processed is expressed as:
- the first threshold Th is a function of the total number of successive elementary portions in question
- the device 500 estimates one (or more) data symbol conveyed by one (or more) corresponding chirp in the signal of higher amplitude received from one. objects 100. To do this, the aforementioned principles of multiplication with a de-chirping sequence are implemented again, but on a resynchronized signal.
- the device 500 performs, for a portion of the processed signal representative of the chirp conveying the data symbol in question: so-called synchronized sampling at the frequency M / T of the portion of the processed signal initiated as a function of the first synchronization information and / or second synchronization information delivering a sequence (or ordered set) of M synchronized samples representative of the chirp in question; a term-to-term so-called synchronized multiplication between, on the one hand, the sequence of M synchronized samples and, on the other hand, a sequence of M samples representative of the conjugated reference chirp (as described above), the multiplication delivering a sequence of M multiplied synchronized samples; and a so-called synchronized Fourier transform of the sequence of M multiplied synchronized samples delivering a sequence of M transformed synchronized samples.
- phase of the peak in question is representative of the phase of the chirp in question.
- management of the superimposed peaks is provided.
- Such superimposed peaks are for example present at the output of the Fourier transform when two chirps emitted by two different objects 100 but conveying the same modulation symbol arrive at the level of the device 500 at the same time.
- the principle here is to compare the amplitude of the peak of highest amplitude among the M synchronized samples transformed with a second predetermined threshold
- the second predetermined threshold Th ' is a function of the average value of the peaks of highest amplitude detected in each of the successive chirps.
- the sampling synchronized at the frequency M / T of the processed signal initiated according to the first synchronization information and / or the second synchronization information is extended so as to deliver a plurality of sequences of M synchronized samples.
- Each sequence of M synchronized samples is representative of a corresponding fraction of duration T of the processed signal. The fractions in question are thus successive.
- the synchronized term-to-term multiplication and the synchronized Fourier transform are implemented for each sequence of M synchronized samples of the plurality of sequence of M synchronized samples delivering a corresponding plurality of sequence of M synchronized transformed samples.
- an average amplitude corresponding to the average of the amplitudes of each sample of highest amplitude of each sequence of M transformed synchronized samples is obtained.
- an average phase corresponding to the mean of the phases of each sample of highest amplitude of each sequence of M transformed synchronized samples is obtained.
- . is proportional to when ;
- the amplitude of the peak of highest amplitude among the M transformed synchronized samples is compared with the second predetermined threshold Th '. If the amplitude of the peak in question is greater than Th ', it is decided that there are several superimposed peaks, otherwise it is decided that only one peak is present. For example, it is decided that the amplitude of the chirp corresponding to the sample with the highest amplitude is a function of: of the amplitude of the sample of highest amplitude when the amplitude of the sample in question is less than the second predetermined threshold Th ', and of a predetermined amplitude, eg the mean amplitude when the amplitude of the sample with the highest amplitude is greater than the second predetermined threshold Th '.
- the phase the chirp corresponding to the sample of highest amplitude is a function of: the phase of the sample of highest amplitude when the amplitude of the sample in question is less than the second predetermined threshold Th ', and of a predetermined phase , eg the middle phase , when the amplitude of the sample with the highest amplitude is greater than the second predetermined threshold Th '.
- step E300c (according to any one of the aforementioned embodiments) is implemented for a portion of the signal representative of an expected chirp, eg a chirp present in the preamble of a transmitted frame. by one of the objects 100.
- an estimation bias is obtained.
- the bias corresponds to a difference between the expected index of the peak of highest amplitude at the output of the Fourier transform and the index actually obtained at the output of the Fourier transform during the implementation of step E300c.
- Such an estimation bias is for example taken into account during a subsequent implementation of step E300c (according to any one of the aforementioned embodiments) in order to estimate a data symbol conveyed by a chirp of the signal processed. Indeed, even though the first synchronization step E300a and / or the second synchronization step E300b is implemented, a residual synchronization error may occur. In this context, obtaining the estimation bias and its use in order to estimate the data symbols makes it possible to improve the overall demodulation performance.
- the device 500 Based on the index , amplitude and phase during a step E310, the device 500 generates a signal representative of the chirp of higher amplitude. For example the following complex envelope is generated: [Math.20]
- the device 500 subtracts the signal representative of the chirp of highest amplitude from the processed signal.
- Such a subtraction is done in a coherent manner, i.e. so as to cancel the signal corresponding to the chirp of highest amplitude within the processed signal.
- the subtraction takes into account the first synchronization information and the second synchronization information in order to obtain such consistency. An updated signal in which the higher amplitude chirp has been canceled is thus generated.
- step E300 (according to any one of the aforementioned embodiments) is again implemented in order to estimate the parameters of the new chirp of higher amplitude present within the signal placed. up to date.
- an iterative method is thus implemented in which for each iteration the parameters of the chirp of highest amplitude within the processed signal are estimated (step E300), a signal representative of the chirp of highest amplitude is generated. (step E310) then subtracted (step E320) from the processed signal in order to obtain an updated processed signal used for the next iteration.
- step E310 subtracted from the processed signal in order to obtain an updated processed signal used for the next iteration.
- step E300 are identical for each iteration. According to other embodiments, some (or all of the) implementations of step E300 are different depending on the iteration considered. For example, the first synchronization and the second synchronization are implemented only during the first iterations, when the interference is the most numerous. For the following iterations, only one synchronization (the first or the second synchronization) is implemented.
- the steps of the method are implemented a predetermined number of iterations. In other embodiments, the steps of the method are implemented until no symbol is detected in the signal processed during the implementation of step E300.
- the device 500 comprises a random access memory 503 (for example a RAM memory), a processing unit 502 equipped for example with a processor, and controlled by a computer program stored in a read only memory 501 (for example a ROM memory or a hard disc).
- a random access memory 503 for example a RAM memory
- a processing unit 502 equipped for example with a processor
- a computer program stored in a read only memory 501 for example a ROM memory or a hard disc.
- the code instructions of the computer program are for example loaded into the random access memory 503 before being executed by the processor of the processing unit 502.
- FIG. 5 illustrates only one particular way, among several possible, of making the device 500 so that it performs certain steps of the estimation method according to the invention (according to any one of the embodiments and / or variants described) s above in relation to Fig. 3). Indeed, these steps can be performed either on a reprogrammable computing machine (a PC computer, a DSP processor or a microcontroller) executing a program comprising a sequence of instructions, or on a dedicated computing machine (for example a set of logic gates such as an FPGA or ASIC, or any other hardware module).
- a reprogrammable computing machine a PC computer, a DSP processor or a microcontroller
- a program comprising a sequence of instructions
- a dedicated computing machine for example a set of logic gates such as an FPGA or ASIC, or any other hardware module.
- the corresponding program (that is to say the sequence of instructions) can be stored in a removable storage medium (such as for example a CD- ROM, DVD-ROM, USB key) or not, this storage medium being partially or totally readable by a computer or processor.
- device 500 is included in base station 110. In some embodiments, device 500 is included in object 100.
- device 500 is included in radio communications network monitoring equipment.
- the device 500 is included in a node of the radio communications network.
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- Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2002853A FR3108815B1 (fr) | 2020-03-24 | 2020-03-24 | Procédé d’estimation de symboles véhiculés par un signal comprenant une pluralité de chirps, produit programme d’ordinateur et dispositif correspondants. |
| PCT/FR2021/050507 WO2021191561A1 (fr) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-03-24 | Procédé d'estimation de symboles véhiculés par un signal comprenant une pluralité de chirps, produit programme d'ordinateur et dispositif correspondants |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4128677A1 true EP4128677A1 (fr) | 2023-02-08 |
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ID=70978174
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21732941.6A Withdrawn EP4128677A1 (fr) | 2020-03-24 | 2021-03-24 | Procédé d'estimation de symboles véhiculés par un signal comprenant une pluralité de chirps, produit programme d'ordinateur et dispositif correspondants |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230188383A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4128677A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3108815B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021191561A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3109681B1 (fr) * | 2020-04-23 | 2023-01-06 | Univ Bordeaux | Procédé d’estimation d’au moins une information de synchronisation d’un signal comprenant une pluralité de chirps, produit programme d’ordinateur et dispositif correspondants. |
| CN114884534B (zh) * | 2022-04-20 | 2023-03-31 | 中国地质大学(武汉) | 基于LoRa的双载波斜坡键控调制解调方法及装置 |
| EP4293922A1 (fr) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-12-20 | Semtech Corporation | Émetteur, récepteur, et procédé pour des signaux balayés en fréquence |
| CN117424619A (zh) * | 2023-08-03 | 2024-01-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | 双路线性调频信号及其发送与接收方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2278724A1 (fr) | 2009-07-02 | 2011-01-26 | Nanoscale Labs | Système de communication |
| FR3052615B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-09 | 2019-11-01 | B-Com | Procede de demodulation d'un signal recu, produit programme d'ordinateur et dispositif correspondants |
| FR3052616B1 (fr) * | 2016-06-09 | 2018-06-22 | B-Com | Procede de generation d'un signal module en position d'impulsions, procede de demodulation, produit progamme d'ordinateur et dispositifs correspondants |
-
2020
- 2020-03-24 FR FR2002853A patent/FR3108815B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2021
- 2021-03-24 WO PCT/FR2021/050507 patent/WO2021191561A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2021-03-24 EP EP21732941.6A patent/EP4128677A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-03-24 US US17/909,747 patent/US20230188383A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2021191561A1 (fr) | 2021-09-30 |
| FR3108815A1 (fr) | 2021-10-01 |
| US20230188383A1 (en) | 2023-06-15 |
| FR3108815B1 (fr) | 2022-04-08 |
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